STØD in Nouns - video #3 on the Danish stød (glottal stop)

We are gonna look at stød in nouns.
It's difficult to find rules about stød in nouns, but in this video I show you one thing that to my knowledge is a reliable rule.
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[@davidkandur7212]

Hello Mic! I too was thinking about your question at 3:43 regarding "mad(no stød)/maden(stød)" and “smør(no stød)/smørret(stød)”. I can only try to answer that. No guarantee of completeness or correctness because there is simply no clear literature on this. I will do this based on language history. It's actually quite complicated allthough it seems that there are clear rules about when to use the “stød” in Danish according to linguistic logic. The Danish glottal stop is probably caused by a previous musical accent, which is similar to something which still can be found in Swedish and Norwegian. It occurs largely only in words where the equivalent in Swedish or Norwegian have “akut accent" also known as “accent 1”, whereas the forms without “stød” largely correspond to Swedish and Norwegian words with “gravis accent” also known as "accent 2". An example: ånd/ånden (ʔ) - ånde/ånden in danish vs. ande/anden (1) - anda/andan (2) in swedish Danish “stød” and Norwegian and Swedish "accent 1" were originally limited to one-syllable words. ( For example: to, fem, tolv with “stød” vs. fire, otte, elleve without “stød”) But the particular article (-en, -et, -ene) is not perceived as part of the word. (This is the rule for e.g. "hund-hunden" and "hunde-hundene") However, this simple system was disturbed because a series of single-syllable words became multi-syllable words during the Middle Ages. That means that the words that ended in a consonant + n, r, l had a support vowel inserted. For example: “sitr” became “sidder” in Danish and “sitter” in Swedish Furthermore, it was common for foreign words from German and Latin on /-en, er, -el/ to have an accent 1 respectively “stød” in Danish. Here are the examples: forbavse [fʌˈbɑwˀsə] from „vorbasen“ (middel low german) regel [ˈʁεjˀəl] from „regula“ (latin) And finally now it gets really complicated and very interesting for our question, because another element is that a lot of original “accent 1” words do not develop “stød” in Danish because they contain sound compounds that are not “stød”-bearing, typically the consonant compounds rs, rp, rt, rk (for example vers, hårdt, bark) and the compounds short vowel + r, l, n, v, j, d (for example smør, bær, ven, hav, tøj, mad). Nevertheless these words get the glottal stop "back" when the particular article is added!!! I think we're at least pretty close to answering the question that way. Best regards!

[@dylanmartinez2860]

Please don't stop with the videos, they are really very helpful, you are the only one on KZbin who makes Danish understandable.

[@MicsLanguages]

Tua k you very much, Dylan. I hope I can continue, but they are fairly time consuming, especially because I want them to be as good as possible. I'm also still slow at editing etc., even though I've made a good amount of videos. I'll do my best 🙂

[@viktoria93133]

Mange tak, Mic! Det var så hjælpsomt! 🙂

[@allesindwillkommen]

Thanks Mic for another video. Very interesting. I've never studied any formal rules in Danish, so your videos are very useful for me to understand how it works. I've been learning Danish more as a hobby by watching TV shows and movies, just because I really like the sound of it, and it's relatively easy to learn when you speak English and German already. The Danish pronunciation is definitely the trickiest part.

[@MicsLanguages]

Perfect! For almost all learners of Danish, it's the pronunciation that's the most difficult part. But for English/German speakers, there is nothing super surprising in the grammar and vocabulary, so for those people.its definitely gonna be about pronunciation. Ich wünsche dir weiterhin "guten Wind" beim Erforschen der dänischen Sprache!

[@annepamelamanning]

Excellent! I love the intonation to explain the singular n plural forms!

[@JohnJohn-us8pc]

Welcome back!

[@multilingoman8188]

Hej igen Mic! Selvfølgelig fortjener denne video et like! Det gør alle dine videoer! Det vil være vanskeligt at huske alle disse reglerne, men jeg skal prøve. Venlig hilsen 🙂

[@MicsLanguages]

Mange tak! Nu er det jo heller ikke virkelig nødvendigt at kende reglerne. Men det kan være en fordel :) Lille rettelse: du skrev alle disse reglerne => alle disse regler. Der blev du vist lige påvirket lidt af svensk?!

[@multilingoman8188]

​@@MicsLanguages Tak for rettelsen. Ja da, du har ret. Jeg jeg blev virkelig påvirket af svensk og norsk! Ups! Når det gælder reglerne, så er det nok umuligt for de fleste udlændinge at kende dem alle sammen. Tja, med mindre de har boet i Danmark i mange år, selvfølgelig. Men som du siger, er det en fordel at lære så mange af dem som muligt. Og det er mit mål.🙂

[@MicsLanguages]

Perfekt! Held og lykke med det 😉

[@multilingoman8188]

@@MicsLanguages Tak skal du have🙂

[@adelinageleamihai3589]

you are amazing!

[@kookkaiDK]

I hope you make more video. Its very good.

[@pragmatastic]

Yep, very useful!

[@joshadams8761]

Is there more ambiguity in accents that lack stød? Or do they somehow avoid the ambiguity that absence of stød would otherwise cause?

[@MicsLanguages]

Good question. I am not good at different local accents, although I of course can place them fairly well. We Danes probably never have any difficulties understanding people who don't use stød. But why is that? I don't know. Sorry 😐

[@joshadams8761]

@@MicsLanguages I am curious if the Skåne dialect of Swedish sounds more like Danish than other variants of Swedish since Skåne was part of Denmark until 1658.

[@joshadams8761]

@@jpat_ So Dansk gave Skanskå consonant voicing and Bokmål its orthography! I actually don’t speak or understand any Scandinavian languages, but I enjoy learning about stød and pitch accent. Bøndene dyrker bønnene!

[@kruyamasan8787]

This time ı didn't understood Nothing :D

[@sanJose2008]

Advance Danish!

[@claudiap.garcia6192]

Kan det ikke passe, at reglen om tydelig udtalelsen af den sidste -e er når denne følges efter "ptk" konsonanterne (og/eller når der er dobbelt konsonant) ? Jeg tænker på ordene som dansKe, suPPe, oTTe, kaTTe, beGGe, søNNe... Ud over om disse ord udtales med stød eller ej😊

[@pullibo]

Utroligt at jeg nogensinde lærte at tale dansk. Mine forældre troede også at jeg var stum, ind til jeg pludselig talte som 2 årig. Det er svært og med alle dialekterne.