Entanglement and Complexity: Gravity and Quantum Mechanics

[@glutinousmaximus]

I think Leonard is one of science's modern heroes. A great post - Thanks!

[@robertburr5336]

Hear Hear . . . YES!

[@Zamicol]

He's great. One of the best.

[@ryandugal]

Fav scientist! Yes I have a favourite scientist 🤓

[@frankdimeglio8216]

THE ULTIMATE (AND CLEAR) MATHEMATICAL UNIFICATION (AND PROOF) REGARDING PHYSICS/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE IS NOW DEMONSTRATED, AS E=MC2 IS F=MA: TIME DILATION ultimately proves (ON BALANCE) that E=mc2 IS F=ma, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. (Importantly, balance and completeness go hand in hand.) The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. NOW, A PHOTON may be placed at the center of WHAT IS THE SUN (as A POINT, of course); AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light (c); AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Indeed, ultimately and truly, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS E=MC2 IS F=MA; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black. GREAT. Accordingly, INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=mc2 IS F=ma. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=MC2 IS F=MA. GREAT !!! Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites, AS E=mc2 is F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Consider THE MAN who is standing on what is THE EARTH/GROUND. Touch AND feeling BLEND, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Accordingly, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution. Great. MOREOVER, a given PLANET (including what is THE EARTH) then sweeps out equal areas in equal times consistent WITH/AS F=ma, E=mc2, AND what is perpetual motion; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical experience, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Stellar clustering ALSO proves ON BALANCE that E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Objects (including WHAT IS the falling MAN) fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course), as E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/energy is gravity. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. THE DOME of a PERSON'S EYE is ALSO VISIBLE. (Notice the flat AND black space of what is THE EYE.) The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. The sky is blue, AND the Earth is blue. THE EARTH/ground AND THE SUN are E=mc2 AND F=ma IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS UNIVERSALLY PROVEN TO BE GRAVITY in what is a mathematically unified fashion. E=mc2 IS F=ma. The middle distance in/of/AS SPACE AND the full distance in/of/AS SPACE are NECESSARILY linked AND balanced. MAGNIFICENT !!!!!!!!!! INSTANTANEITY IS thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical experience, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It is ALL CLEARLY proven. Again, the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. GREAT. Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. It is all CLEARLY proven !!!!!!!! TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. GREAT !!!!!!!! BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. By Frank DiMeglio

[@nicolepessoa2866]

Love this man...i only made it to the 8th grade and I am able to follow along as well as maintains my interest

[@TrollCatcher2010]

i'm only at 8:18 but i already have the feeling this is a Susskind Masterpiece. My favourite web physicist by far... don't bother with pop science CBN documentaries with flashy graphics. This man is a REAL Physicist.

[@reytyler8219]

@Enter the Braggn' What makes you say that?

[@reytyler8219]

@Enter the Braggn' There are multiple types of physics and multiple types of physicists, saying he isn't a real physicist because he deals with the mathematical portion of physics is like saying theoretical chemists aren't actual chemists. Without theory and mathematics we'd have nothing to put into practice. I've never heard of you before, I've never seen any of your lectures or heard of you having tenure at a university or being world renouned for your scientific expertise, who are you to really say that a man with academic credentials isn't a "real" physicist? What makes you qualified to make such a statement?

[@reytyler8219]

@Enter the Braggn' I usually don't engage in arguments with online trolls that hide behind fake names and use big words to impress people as a way to compensate for the skill, knowledge and understanding they lack but here we are. From your earlier statements, it doesn't seem as if you understand the science nearly as well as you think you do.

[@robertburr5336]

I'm of the same mind every time I drop out and tune in to the man.

[@Tom_Quixote]

@Enter the Bragn’ I think Einstein already answered that question 100 years ago.

[@marcmarc172]

You can tell how lively and enthusiastic Prof Susskind is in this lecture. He really loves this area of research right now!

[@stevenshiver4614]

Awoke 5his am having dream of visit9ng al8ce h9me s7ddensly 8ns8d wo know9nf how I got 9nside but lena5ds lecture epla9n3dand narat3d the dream s3nse magic fr me

[@AlexanderMLarsen]

I never seem to be able to understand how great educators and thinkers, are able to condense ideas down to such fundamental blocks, that it they actually expands outwards and unifies multiple fields.

[@joeimbesi99]

Explains complex matters so easily with examples..A rare gift he has..The Quantum world is like another dimension

[@TeodorAngelov]

I've been watching Susskind for a while and it took me 3 years to stumble into this..

[@andrewpalfreyman4727]

Amazing. Mind blown. Considering I'm 66 with a physics degree, that takes a bit of doing. I'll certainly be looking out for new developments along these lines.

[@TrollCatcher2010]

+Andrew Palfreyman Leonard Susskind, the best on youtube, try look for "Leonard Susskind Holographic Universe" for example, or black holes i've been trying to follow his general relativity lectures

[@naimulhaq9626]

+Andrew Palfreyman I am not a physicist, but an electrical engineer ans 67 . who dealt with complex conjugate, that seems to have something in common with what is discussed here, called quantum tensor network diagram of complex Hilbert space, about which I have no idea about, and blows my mind. What I know is duality is a property of nature first discovered 200 years ago by Hegel and called 'opposites'. At the big bang dark matter and dark energy were produced with opposite property, followed by production of particles and anti-particles, followed by matter and anti-matter, etc.,...... and on to hot and cold, male and female, up and down etc., making Hegel's dialectics 'universal', and even coined the term 'universal spirit', pervading all space and time. However the lecture (I have bookmarked, I do not know why) seems to discuss some basic property of nature.

[@metatron5199]

+Naimul Haq a real simple picture is that energy is function of space-time and since the Big Bang has been moving towards its lowest energy state in that process energy has condensed into matter and as the universe continues to evolve only a few things are most likely to happen, those being the big bounce model, collapse aka heat death, terminal expansion aka ice death or another interesting idea that once all the particles move out of each other horizons each particle could in principle go on and cause a big bang further there are a few other possibilities as well. I'm an artist myself but was raised by an electrical engineer who worked on everything from radar and sonar to aerospace and am now currently studying physics and mathematics to hopefully obtain a degree from university in one of the STEM fields.

[@naimulhaq9626]

Meta Tron Thank you for the interesting insight into physics of big bang. You are fortunate to begin a carrier with Susskind's lecture, who thinks something new is about to happen in physics, involving entanglement explaining gravity (although not my field, and I do not know much), his lecture on 'duality' as two separate explanation of the same thing interested me, while complexity and entropy is explained as giving insight into what gravity is.Wish you find physics interesting.

[@metatron5199]

Naimul Haq there has been a revival of quantum gravity within the past 10 years and there is very interesting devoplments currently happening. Susskind is without a doubt one of front runners in theoretical physics specficly dealing with the quantum gravity situation. Space-time is essentially a speacial quantum mechanical object, that is to say space and time are quantumly entangled with one another, further more time would appear to have a fractal like structure, this would seem to be obvious when taking into account that time is no more different than space, hence the object space-time. This is what makes GR so fascinating, a semi classical theory gives us a purely quantum mechanical object, a black hole all bc of the realization of the structure called space-time.

[@anotherplatypus]

I joined a magic club in the past, and a surprising they stressed learning was the entertaining aspect of the show, along with magic tricks. One thing was called your "patter", your rhythm and timing of how you spoke to the crowd... it made the difference between an ameature bloke with slight of hand tricks, and a professional magician who can be hired to entertain people... this guy's patter is the closest to Feynman's public speaking voice I've ever heard. The patter is the same, except this guy doesn't look down and regularly pause for seconds like Feynman did. He's even got the same 'back east' Jewish New York subculture accent. Love it. = )

[@helicalactual]

in speech your talking about the logos pathos ethos kairos; and in greek (thats how old this notion is) which is how one describes the art of the rhetoric (speaking). Logos - logic Ethos - Credibility/trustworthiness pathos - appeals to emotion Kairos - setting Telos - Purpose

[@GlassTopRX7]

Many thanks to Stanford for uploading this content.

[@Curleyguitars]

I just can't get enough of this! So exciting.

[@mikemongo928]

Same here. Great teacher.

[@richross4781]

This is my 5th time watching this. I always pick up something new.

[@craigbrownell1667]

*Most Thought Provoking Talk I've Heard In Years* I've gone deep down the rabbit hole and still am lost ... in Thought

[@Aman-tf8bt]

He is simply awesome in explaining complex stuff in such a simplistic way

[@kennethchow213]

Hawking described his thought experiment in which two black holes or two electrons moving away from each other in a uniform magnetic field are, in fact, the same black hole, or the same electron( The Nature of Space And Time, p.39-60). This may explain entanglement.

[@jacobchateau6191]

Hmmm, very fascinated by entanglement entropy, especially as it pertains to homotopical and cohomological operations. This is an awesome lecture!! Thank you!

[@realcygnus]

superb !.....Lenny still @ it .....far out.....hate when he's pressed for time......BIG THANKS !........ priceless content

[@AlexanderMLarsen]

So lucky that the only math I learned by accident, was what he mentioned in this video. And all I thought of in terms of levels of complexity, was logarithmic functions.

[@petergreen5337]

❤Thank you very much Professor and class for beautiful lesson and lecture

[@peronkop]

Thank you, Professor Ehrmantraut!

[@channel-ug9gt]

LOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOL

[@kyshoregulabe579]

Excellent

[@RStell-wt5qr]

Oh, I see what you did there...

[@bettyryan7515]

@@channel-ug9gt Jo 8I 99

[@frankdimeglio8216]

@@kyshoregulabe579 THE ULTIMATE (AND CLEAR) MATHEMATICAL UNIFICATION (AND PROOF) REGARDING PHYSICS/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE IS NOW DEMONSTRATED, AS E=MC2 IS F=MA: TIME DILATION ultimately proves (ON BALANCE) that E=mc2 IS F=ma, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. (Importantly, balance and completeness go hand in hand.) The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. NOW, A PHOTON may be placed at the center of WHAT IS THE SUN (as A POINT, of course); AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light (c); AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Indeed, ultimately and truly, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS E=MC2 IS F=MA; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black. GREAT. Accordingly, INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=mc2 IS F=ma. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=MC2 IS F=MA. GREAT !!! Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites, AS E=mc2 is F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Consider THE MAN who is standing on what is THE EARTH/GROUND. Touch AND feeling BLEND, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Accordingly, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution. Great. MOREOVER, a given PLANET (including what is THE EARTH) then sweeps out equal areas in equal times consistent WITH/AS F=ma, E=mc2, AND what is perpetual motion; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical experience, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Stellar clustering ALSO proves ON BALANCE that E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Objects (including WHAT IS the falling MAN) fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course), as E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/energy is gravity. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. THE DOME of a PERSON'S EYE is ALSO VISIBLE. (Notice the flat AND black space of what is THE EYE.) The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. The sky is blue, AND the Earth is blue. THE EARTH/ground AND THE SUN are E=mc2 AND F=ma IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS UNIVERSALLY PROVEN TO BE GRAVITY in what is a mathematically unified fashion. E=mc2 IS F=ma. The middle distance in/of/AS SPACE AND the full distance in/of/AS SPACE are NECESSARILY linked AND balanced. MAGNIFICENT !!!!!!!!!! INSTANTANEITY IS thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical experience, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It is ALL CLEARLY proven. Again, the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. GREAT. Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. It is all CLEARLY proven !!!!!!!! TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. GREAT !!!!!!!! BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. By Frank DiMeglio

[@robertadorrough3852]

Nice lecture. Two things: at 34:52 shouldn't the graphic be labeled "grows too fast" rather than "grows to fast?" and 2) at 1:10:54 the pronunciation of "Lagrangian" sounds like "grungion" which isn't a word in any language.

[@raymondrogers3797]

Two questions: 1) In the Escher bird picture, do the size of the birds correspond to red-shift? i.e. Are the birds the same size in the local metric and thus does a null light signal (say 1Hz locally at the edge) have the same or different measurements when observed locally at the center with the metric at the center? 2) Given two unentangled black holes and then I drop two entangled particles into the two black holes (one each) what is the resulting situation? Are the two black holes partially entangled? If I keep doing this does the EPR bridge ever form? Sorry if these are obvious or irrelevant but I am trying to reach a learning "plateau" for this and have found a chasm (in my mind) instead. Ray

[@raymondrogers3797]

Thanks, I'll have to do some studying. My question was along the lines of the relationship between geodesics/parallel transport. Thus if I move a bird on this manifold and it stays the same size; it will under tension while moving (or is it stress/strain?). Does the movement of a bird and consequent deviation of the wingtips from geodesics imply some energy/resistance? I know: silly wonderings.

[@alpachino2shae]

Great lecture by Mike Ehrmantraut!

[@agodfortheatheistnow]

Just because we may not understand the fluctuation does not mean those fluctuations are not very organized on the other system it’s associated with

[@glutinousmaximus]

On black holes - around 32:30 onwards. Leonard references Bekenstein/Hawking radiation. I never quite understood why the original singularity that spawned the Big Bang was not subject to this process - or at least it is perhaps not _fashionable_ to think that it should? If it should be considered, then time would have existed previously !?

[@jessiechristian6855]

It _is_ subject to this process. You're in the center of a black hole horizon the size of the observable universe, watching the energy contained within it explore all the complexity of its possible states at once. Time and space are merely byproducts of this system of relations between the quantum states, not fundamental elements of reality.

[@kwijung]

Yay! Thanks for uploading. What was the date of this lecture?

[@Jipzorowns]

+kwijung Event Series: Stanford Physics/Applied Physics Event Scientific Area: Other Event Organization: Other events Event Date: Tuesday, November 3, 2015 - --4:30--p.m. - 5:30p.m. Location: Hewlett Teaching Center, Rm. 201, Stanford University Leonard Susskind from Stanford will talk about “Entanglement and Complexity: Gravity and Quantum Mechanics.”He will explain how it is that gravity and quantum information theory have come together to create a new way of thinking about physical systems. From fluid dynamics to strange metals to black holes to the foundations of quantum mechanics, almost all areas of physics are being touched by the new paradigm.

[@kwijung]

jip laan Thanks.

[@coecovideo]

+kwijung NOVEMBER 3, 2015 - 4:30PM TO 5:30PM

[@Aman-tf8bt]

at 29:45 Professor Suskind removes most of interior portion of the tensor network but for an excited state shouldn't he draw an entirely different tensor network?

[@douglasharryburrell6185]

If the big bang theory is valid would not everything in the universe be entangled at the smallest level?

[@Lolwutdesu9000]

That's... Actually a really good question...

[@MrVaypour]

Yes.

[@davidfuller1061]

Yes ... EXACTLY !!!!!!

[@pbf6969]

No, not necessarily. Entanglement can be broken and it happens all the time, search for quantum decoherence

[@MrVaypour]

Of course everything that is tangled can be de-tangled, but if the big bang theory is true then at the cusp of explosion all matter was intertwined.

[@WingZeroDuality]

Good stuff 28:32, tensor network making things tense up in here. ☯️💯.

[@noahzaeshorts1402]

I was really hoping Professor Susskind would answer the question about the photon.

[@Fritzbedeek]

or at least another time soon

[@wandiloch]

So does this mean that two entangled black holes cannot merge because the wormhole between would be pushing them apart? Or if they could merge, what would happen to the 'space' in the wormholes? If entangled black holes repel, could this explain cosmic inflation since the seeds of supermassive black holes at the centres of galaxies would have been created entangled shortly after the big bang? I am layperson btw, so forgive my ignorance.

[@Joecool20147]

I think I need to start a level or two down to actually learn something. But still interesting to listen to.

[@Joecool20147]

Any suggestion for the lower level stuff, that's above like minutephysics, buts below this stuff.

[@econ9912]

Buy a book, read it and if you don't understand something google it

[@capitanmission]

buy Susskind Theoretical minimun volume 2, quantum mechanics

[@badmintongo4832]

@@Joecool20147 3 lectures on quantum complexity by Susskind but that might be a bit tough. Theoretical minimum is probably better

[@Joecool20147]

Badminton Go it’s funny people replying to this old post. I ended up taking a class in Quantum Mechanics at my college. I got a B, but I don’t know how I managed that because it was a lot.

[@dustinsoodak6238]

Does adding energy completely break entanglement (21mins in) or just make its proportion arbitrarily small by adding new available states... or is he just referring to decoherence? I’m confused because to break entanglement in a quantum circuit you have to bring the particles together and perform a very specific operation on them.

[@lpt369]

Not a physics major so excuse the question , but is the "growth" of space inside the black hole related to the accelerating expansion of space outside black holes in any way?

[@jakublizon6375]

No. Dark energy only expands space in the largest scales. But dark energy is literally just spacetime. Around areas where energy curves local spacetime, (earth, black holes, gas particles) which is gravity, there is no expansion because the local matter and energy have a much greater effect the structure of spacetime, than the properties of flat empty spacetime do. The volume in a black hole doesn't really grow, it just has more and more and more information, more and more entropy, and therefore more available quantum states. Its difficult to make this intuitive though.

[@mrtpsoroush]

When was this lecture conducted ? I don't think it was around the same time the video was published...

[@christianvulpescu1398]

I love this most charming and admirelable superprofessor but when it comes to my feeling, I think, nature is more complex! For example: The dual nature of photons. It is more feeling, than knowing, that this underlaing logic of bits of information, acting as "one state quantums/ plank units of information etc." are too rigide units. We humans like to squeese nature into patterns. I think, the whole thing is much more complex than we think, as I mantioned, the duality of photons.

[@NuclearCraftMod]

We need more Susskind!

[@bernardfinucane2061]

Wait, did he say you might be able to use a quantum computer to calculate a route out of a black hole? 42:50 Or (I guess) to travel faster than light? After all the entanglement thing applies to all regions of space. So maybe the quantum computer guys think they are building code cracking devices, but their actually building warp drives.

[@brendawilliams8062]

This is an excellent class. Thankyou

[@AlexanderMLarsen]

This was just the video I was looking for :)

[@kamilkutlay]

You are a great man Master Leonard .♥

[@Aman-tf8bt]

what does growing of computational complexity really imply? Say i have a physical system in thermal equlibrium and even after atainning equlibrium it manifests increasing complexity what does it really mean can we find ways in which we can test growth of computational complexity in physical systems?

[@dickhamilton3517]

tessellated : composed of tesserae. tesserae : plural of tessera. tessera : latin noun, feminine : a small _square_ tile or stone, as cut for pavements

[@Aman-tf8bt]

at 41:41 what is causing the increase in complexity of black hole?

[@gelodelo4222]

Everything it eats. It's getting obese

[@Aman-tf8bt]

at 39:31 can we have an entangled copy of spinn chain is it consistent with no cloning theorem

[@tastyfrzz1]

Can more than two items become entangled or is it limited to two?

[@schmetterling4477]

One can entangle any number of quanta, it just gets harder and harder experimentally. I am not completely sure about this, but probably the "largest" entangled artificial states are the Bose Einstein condensates that have been created in the lab. I think they are up to hundreds of atoms, right now. In a somewhat wider context pretty much all of the universe is "entangled". It is fairly conventional thinking that spacetime itself is probably a global entanglement based phenomenon.

[@Aman-tf8bt]

at 18:56 how do we defioen bottom half and top half

[@MrTiti]

Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics When at 59Minutes he explains everything with the laser pointer, it would be really good if you knew which "this and that here" is.

[@92587wayne]

If the spin of a pair of particles is opposite by design, by definition, when an entangle particle here is one way here, then the spin of the other by simple logic is opposite over there, is the opposite way. The way to untangle an entangled pair, is to cause one of the particles the spin in the same direction as the other.

[@srivastavasunil]

Does he still give lectures in Stanford for Physics Enthusiasts?

[@nolan412]

Is the tensor network in motion like Thad Roberts more than suggests?

[@nolan412]

The unanswered at the end: no instantaneous photons?

[@Achrononmaster]

I can buy into the ER=EPR conjecture. But in the reverse sense to Susskind, Maldacena, van Raamsdonk et al. I think it is showing us QM from GR, not GR from QM. Think about it! #ERequalsEPR

[@Holobrine]

8:54 That doesn’t blow my mind at all. That just means every property is correlated and when you measure one, you know the other, but the original was interfered with. You know what it was a moment ago, but now it’s completely different.

[@patricksweetman3285]

Nobody asked about constructing a black hole from inside the event horizon of a BH that is entangled with a BH that is outside the event horizon. I am confusing, I know, but A, B, C, D are black holes. A & B are entangled. C & D are entangled. A, B and C are in normal space but D is inside the A/B "pocket" space. Extending that idea leads to tangled knots of connectivity.

[@Tore_Lund]

To prevent these kind of paradoxes, conviently the firewall hypotesis has been invented to purge any information making it beyond the event horizon. So you stash of entangled particles and you, would from your perspective make it in one piece through the event horizon only to be converted to Gamma rays a short while later.

[@Battery-kf4vu]

Ok the postulate the possibility of a wormhole between 2 black holes. But what about 2 entangled particles that are not Inside 2 black holes; can they be connected by a worm hole. I believe negative energy would be needed to maintain the worm hole, but isn't the potential energy between 2 virtual particles negative? Could that negative energy be used to maintain a worm hole? What about the case of 2 real particles?

[@An_Idiot_in_the_Wild]

Something I've missed somewhere, is how black holes don't just break entanglement. If you have an entangled pair of particles, separated by 1m or 1 lightyear or whatever, when you take a measurement on one, you discover something abt the other particle, but also you break the entanglement from that point on. Likewise Leonard said if you have a tensor network representing entanglement, if you feed some energy in you can break the entanglement across a boundary. Basically, it's difficult to preserve the entanglement. So, if bob & alice for example, are lighyears apart , and they each have one particle of some entangled pairs, and if each of them creates a black hole & throws in their entangled particles, surely they're not entangling their black holes & forming a bridge between them, surely the particles will just lose their entanglement...

[@barrypickford1443]

There is another lecture on here where this problem is discussed. ERP, wormholes is considered as part of a possible solution

[@barrypickford1443]

But maybe black holes recycle or wash entanglement. Information is wormholed into an informational non Cartesian “non space” and physical matter is pumped back out into space as those hydrogen jets we observe.

[@robertwilsoniii2048]

38:00 is when this thing gets really interesting. Up to that point he's just piggy backing on the work of Brain Swingle, but after he's building his own original contributions *on top of* Swingle's work. These two are both at Stanford now, potentially leading the world in theoretical physics research, at least in 2015. I'm honestly not sure what new advancements have been made since then in the last 2 years.

[@zioo3117]

This lattice work of dots and line remind me of the dots of the quarks that are in pairs. (Remember random particles that are not in pairs after they are ejected from the edge of the black hole). The distance between pairs varies and in fact their may be close to an infinite number of pairs in addition to singles wherein the "Black Hole" ejection created a separation. (Whether the information still acts upon these separated pairs is anyone's guess. However since nothing escapes the Black Hole, we can assume things like the S's/cat no longer happens. Does that mean the escaped particle no longer spins? Or does it just spin in a single direction? Does it pair once again by chance meeting with another ejected and therefore non-paired particle? The entanglement forms a pattern beyond the two-dimensional one shown and it does so via a "folding," as the original (gravitrons?) or other pairs that develop sufficient gravity as the move closer together to form something like matter. Perhaps even a random ejected particle gets attracted by sufficient force of sufficient (weak? not likely) strength to be strong enough to pull particle pairs towards it an into the path of infinite folding. Perhaps random Higgs make their way into the folding process. (I like the word gluons as they seem to have a glue-like quality). The above process repeats over time. The energy is supplied by, "SPIN." That is, pairs spin in opposite directions and include and include for example, "up and down" spin. It is this spin and the strings which have this initial motion that was in the primordial soup, along with empty space which is not empty that works at some point randomly at first to create the initial gravity among the particles that got folded in relatively close space, that then started space time in terms of the creation of matter. Perhaps Black Holes are among the most advanced examples of how a particle pair became folded to create a strong force or strong enough force to attract other, "stuff," of the universe to begin the process. Eons of time is or has always been available so it didn't matter how long it took for the essential particles to run into one another. Perhaps the weak force is part of the strong force in development. Or, perhaps the weak force is created by the particular kind of pairs that start folding. Once the folding of the particles occurs with sufficient "ingredients" particle types, to make a strong force, that force begins to attract other particles that are only slightly folded or not folded at all. As the initial particles and their attracted particles get folded by the gravity that is formed from essentially matter staying tightly folded (maybe the Higgs helps them to do this), the random particles that travelled by chance and then get caught in the gravity within the folding, "the folding," gets tighter and tighter and smaller and smaller, creating a progressively stronger force and denser matter, at the same time and nearly the same moment. The theoretical amount of space that the referenced folding affects/effects becomes larger and larger over time. Temperature and heat increase near the core of the folding and temperature shifts (heating) develop as the density increases along the center-most particles where the folding is central. Particles and patterns of folding may vary. Perhaps initially making certain nuclei of atoms and the energies that go around those centers of the building blocks of matter, once the foldings have occurred to a sufficient degree. This all makes progressive and logical sense. That's because the center element of strings and their vibrations, gets down to the fact that particles don't exist in isolation, but rather exist in pairs. Pairs are not idle. They are in motion of up/down, east/west and they were sort of just, "always there." Who knows if the "God Particle" started the folding process? But these opposite spins really are the universe's activity which creates pretty much everything. "SPIN" is at the center of everything from smallest to largest. The repeating patterns that exist right down to the smallest point also are a result of special folding. This symmetry and that which is called super symmetry is a concept, and, it is a concept in which the stuff of it is always in motion, even if what is left behind for examination appears to be still. AF

[@АлександрГодзиковский-ь1р]

Awesome! Mother Nature in action! How could one argue that those complexities behave like as if they had consciousness of its own?

[@Aman-tf8bt]

In condensed matter systems the growth of interior is due to adding or exciting the given state so it appears that complexity of black hole increases only when something is added to it or in other words if one can isolate black hole from everything its complexity should not increase or interior would not grow in this case..

[@madzangels]

30:37 > That is a picture of someone in an excited quantum state

[@gelodelo4222]

If I'm not mistaken I think I recognized the voice from the last question. About exponential expansion. Is that Dr. Linde? The eternal inflation. Physicist

[@LUKELECTRIC]

I often wonder how would the horizon look like from the inside of the black hole. It is natural to expect us to see our universe horizon the same way.

[@wulphstein]

If you can't predict which eigenstate will be measured next, how do you know there isnt a consciousness down there, deciding which one it likes, which one feels good. It might be that the eigenstates are a selection of possible options, doorway to experience for a conscousness that can navigate the eigenstates of the wave function for some purpose, work or play, experience.

[@nolan412]

All consciousnesses need energy, ergo they'll always head for the energy.

[@wulphstein]

The existence of quantum entanglements and wave functions means that their are places to transmit energy and to store information as patterns. It exists in free space, but also in the human body. It has been calculated that, by virtue of chemistry alone, there are 10^30 quantum entanglements created within the human body over the course of a life time. That can store a lot of information, experiences. And when the heart stops, and someone floats above their body, this single wavefunction of 10^30 entanglements is the likely prospect of what is floating and experiencing consciousness. @@nolan412

[@nolan412]

@@wulphstein and/or the old tale of the three Fates.

[@wulphstein]

What are you talking about, you misguided atheist? I am not a mind reader of nonsensical thoughts. @@nolan412

[@wordprocessbrian4497]

two sides, where neither side is certain which side they are, except the certainty the opposite side is equilibrium. one side of shapes of thirds, and the other as quarters. (3/3 +1/3) : (3/4 +1/4) , (a circle with an extra bit : a square with just enough), they have interesting differences

[@AlinNemet]

can other particles outside the black holes, be entangled with the ones in the black holes, and thus find out information about what is happening inside!?

[@Tore_Lund]

Entanglement does not carry information from one particle to the other, it only reveals information on what was the common state of both of them when their entanglement was broken. However if the results are statistically different than in a lab setting, it could tell something about what happens to particles inside a black hole. However information possibly gets destroyed falling inside a black hole, especially if the expanding space hypothesis in this lecture is true, so nothing will be able to get in there.

[@Hythloday71]

Summarising: We found by the postulate / premise - systems can entangle / correlate in the strange QM way - we necessarily ( mathematically / logically ) have GR descriptions / equivalent geometrical implications / consequence / CONCLUSIONS.

[@davidfuller1061]

Summary It is still mostly a mystery, poking around in the dark for more answers

[@Stevenco9124]

What about quantum teleportation, doesnt that work anymore? I seem to remember entanglement is involved. Doesnt that allow the transport of information through entanglement??

[@musicalfringe]

IIRC quantum teleportation involves making a joint measurement of the system of (subject particle plus particle A) where A is also entangled with B. Somehow this ends up dumping the rest of the subject's quantum state through to B in such a way that when you transport the results of the measurement and recombine it with B, B now has the quantum state of the original subject.

[@davidarnold3318]

black ink question: in a real physical system, shaking hands will infect uninfected people only at the beginning. Shortly a high proportion of hand shakes will occur between people who both have black ink already. How long can how many people remain uninfected, with infected people "wasting" infecting attempts on people who are already infected? How much does this reduce / increase the system maximum/minimum? In a real system there is some viscosity, separating distant members, ie, light cones.

[@TrollCatcher2010]

Put him on Star Trek Lenny for The Enterprise Physicist yes captain! if i was a Star Trek producer i'd be looking to hire this guy

[@terrywbreedlove]

I have a feeling that the Quantum world is a door way to a whole other level of existence. When we learn it and master it then we will be doing things that now might seem magical.

[@Tore_Lund]

The magic is already here: How is it that there is anything? You got an +1 for having a very famous surname.

[@musicalfringe]

If some of this stuff holds water, there might be a way to manipulate spacetime geometry through manipulation of entanglement. That would be pretty magical.

[@pauldavidhaynes8243]

"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic" Arthur c Clark

[@ayanasarkar2374]

Vacuum entanglement… how fascinating 😮😮😮

[@TomekSamcik69]

This is a religious experience when you barely understand but have this compelling feeling of great importance

[@EvolBob1]

+Tomek Samcik - Yeah, thats so true: When theist are not using their brain they get the same feeling just by pretending to do so.

[@hiromitsuhashi1339]

+Evol Bob Not understanding doesn't equal not attempting to understand... In fact, and this is in this video, "I think I can safely say that nobody understands quantum mechanics." ~ Richard Feynman Now who isn't using their brain xD

[@EvieDoesYouTube]

pfft religious experience wtf.

[@EvieDoesYouTube]

Hiro Mitsuhashi Well doesn't that just explain Evol Bob's point? Tomek says plainly that he doesn't understand it so he's going to call it a religious experience because... because quantum. It's a word that apologists use to baffle the religious with bullshit, and they do it all the time, hence Tomek's comment: "He said quantum and God in the same sentence, checkmate atheists." The willingness of some people to buy any kind of BS woo never ceases to astonish me. Yes, Feynman said that and he's right, but if no one understands what Susskind is saying then what's the point of him lecturing? If those who are listening to him can't follow it, then perhaps they should go learn the basics first and not just sprinkle fairy dust on it.

[@martinzitter4551]

@@EvieDoesKZbin --- However, observations, measurements, calculations, reproducibility, falcifiability all stand between religious and science. Your understanding it is trivial.

[@handymanforce]

Sr. Bigtime what is the overall tempr. of the univ. The whole thing...

[@edubz1906]

2.73° Kelvin (2.73° above absolute zero), or -454.76° Fahrenheit, -270.42° Celsius

[@bartbarry2662]

So we're at Quantum Emergent Matrix Field Entanglement Complexity from experiential results in the last 10 years??

[@Seaprimate]

I'm really curious about the photon's frame of reference, and how it might parallel other phenomenon. I wish he had answered that question at the end.

[@Mortiis558]

What is the purpose of Anti de Sitter space?

[@buttegowda]

Another possibility: field of entanglement requires a particle to describe just like gravity requires a graviton ... entanglement particle is a tachyon of some sort?

[@ryanparmater4899]

i think the idea is that the entanglement manifests as spacetime itself

[@craigbrownell1667]

[7:13] ... *[I love those 2 integers] #7 #13 "2^n complex #s would be so large that if you had just 400 qubits, you could not fit the entire description of the state of that system into the entire known Universe ... even if you [][][] Packed it at Planckian Density with 0s and 1s [][][] Quantum States are Typically Exponentially Complex"*

[@waliaphellps1745]

If the information must be conserved, and myself (including my mental and body configuration and consciousness) is information, what happens to that information when we aren’t aware of ourselves (dreaming, beying unconscious for any reason or, taking it to the limit, being dead).

[@novasuper8378]

what's with the secret meeting refrence?????

[@nyttag7830]

What is the difference between a measurement and a random interaction? Is it more correct to say that entanglement has something to do with our consciousness. if there is no univerasal present, then the future could manipulate the past if entangled, and entanglement becomes a mesurement of common history or future. even classical physics predict that the story is already told and you should be able to predict everything,

[@Tore_Lund]

Yep, entanglement is any interaction. When entanglement is broken between particles when you measure one of them, them you are just creating a new entanglement with the measurement device and that particle. Time is not universal or straight either. It is just as physical, warped and crumbled as our other spatial dimensions. So entanglement supersedes time as well as space. When electrons spin is determined instantly across the universe by its entangled partner it can still be separated billion of years in time, because the now, present and future has no meaning in QM.

[@nyttag7830]

So life may come from , a blueprint send back in time, making origin a matter of this time loop. If the future can create the past. My head is spinning, im off to bed ;-)

[@Tore_Lund]

No, what he's implying is a bubble universes (if the math holds outside de sitter spacetime). We are living on the isolated spacetime inside a black hole, which is a balck hole inside another universe. So black holes all the way down.

[@frun]

I was working at VamOs-balamOs and being secretely briefed on atoms⚛️ as miniature planetary star systems.

[@urlaubthailand]

I think he is wrong about the information not being able to trespass from one entangled black hole to another. More interesting would be the search for a way of filtering particles here on earth that might be entangled with particles in other regions of the universe... this could revolutionize communication with.. anything and anybody.

[@alext5497]

No, you cant communicate with entagled particles. As soon as you enteract, you break entanglement.

[@HectorDiabolucus]

Right, Stargate doesn’t work, but all the points in space were once the same point, so how come the black holes are not already entangled? Could it be that they are, just not with other black holes in our space? I think the universe is a giant power station and the energy flows out through the black holes. The stars create heavy atoms from almost nothing and that matter falls into the black holes and is converted.

[@tokajileo5928]

how can you fly into a black hole if black holes evaporate in trillions of years? and because time slows down near the event horizon by the time you reach the EH trillions of years pass outside and the BH evaporates.

[@physicsjeff]

The clock you are carrying is instantaneously at rest in your frame of reference (proper time) so you would not notice any effect. You are indeed correct about time slowing down in the presence of strong gravity but only from the perspective of a distant observer (coordinate time). One must distinguish between the two in general relativity. Your question is perfectly valid, I hope my answer helped.

[@NielsHarsloef1]

Great to see Mike from Breaking Bad doing well

[@renanmonteirobarbosa8129]

7 years ago traversable wormholes were no possible. No longer the case anymore. What a crazy world we live now.

[@schmetterling4477]

That's funny because there were no wormholes seven years ago and there still aren't any. ;-)

[@TrollCatcher2010]

35:47 ITS THE STARGATE!!! 35:47 cool, wish i could tag people on here... two entangled, deliberately entangled black holes 10 billion light years apart! what an idea!

[@b3b3chaud]

À 11:38 -'bottom-up' view of the tassel network ...Pour il attend de parler des trou noir pour montrer son modèle en 4D? À 21:42 -AdS/CFT 1998... Le modèle Janus de JPP? Moments forts; 28:40 48:44

[@LeonardoMartinez-oh2jk]

Leonard is the man

[@travisfitzwater8093]

The real behavior of quantum waves is wild and fluctuating and it's behavior can be "guestimated" and theoretically "quantized" mainly for the purpose of getting the concepts to be amenable to mathematical treatment.

[@thenintendogamer9318]

NYs finest in quantum physics

[@זאביגורוב]

Great teacher

[@carnsoaks1]

red circles issue = is the size of the text box used

[@tokajileo5928]

i just do not think you can make 2 separate black holes from entangled particles, something happens that makes it impossible or breaks the entanglement. it is like a broken glass restoring itself. No law forbids that but it is so unlikely it does not happen.

[@user-pk5rc4or2w]

Susskind ...the best

[@abhay_cs]

Do these things have any bearing on longstanding problems in complexity theory such P=NP etc?

[@carnsoaks1]

so does Joe P's Firewall exclude ER=EPR, I gather that is where the latest discrepancy between Stanford & UCSB teachings lie

[@tokajileo5928]

if time slows down at the event horizon (compared to the rest of the universe) , by the time you reach the horizon, so much time passes in the outside world that in that world the black hole you are clsing in to, already have evaporated so it does not exist. so in that sense therfe is no internal of a black hole. considering any infalling observer the black holes cease to exists at the event horizon. where am I wrong in this ?

[@zuzusuperfly8363]

You're wrong in saying that for the infalling observer the black hole doesn't exist within the event horizon. You haven't tried to argue that point, you only successfully argued that other observers would never see something fall in.

[@tokajileo5928]

Zuzu Superfly no, you misunderstood. My point is not that an outside observer does not see anything falling in. my point is that a black hole evaporates in time if an outisde observer waits (waits extremely long time but not infinite time) he sees the black hole to evaporate and cease to exists, this is Hawking radiation. since time is relative and passes slower near the black hole, this is exactly the time that passes until the infalling observer reaches the event horizon. the infalling observer experiences less time of course because time is relative. but event is not relative. the black holes evaporates, ceases to exists in both cases. so no, there is no inside and for the infalling observer the black hole ceases to exist as he nears the event horizon it is smaller and smaller in surface (because the BH looses mass by Hwaking radiation) and never crosses it (of course he dies much sooner )

[@zuzusuperfly8363]

Tokaji Leo " the black hole ceases to exist as he nears the event horizon" By what mechanism? Obviously not hawking radiation. "event is not relative" Actually, Leonard Susskind would explicitly disagree with you about that. The outside observer would witness a different fate for the infalling observer than what the infalling observer would experience himself.

[@tokajileo5928]

Zuzu Superfly the infalling observer will experience the firewall, the outsider will experience the Hawking radiation. but the BH cease to exists in time, that is true in all cases. the outside observer will experience that the infalling observer freezes at the event horizon, but as I have mentioned time is relative and if the outside observer waits extremely long he will see the BH evaporating, with the frozen infalling observer. I am not talking about short time experiemt, the end is the same. The infalling guy never reaches the horizon.

[@zuzusuperfly8363]

Tokaji Leo What makes you so sure that there's a firewall at the event horizon? Physicists don't even agree about that.

[@kiesersozay1717]

Is that Mike from Breaking Bad?

[@ihatemadmoe]

+Kieser Sozay Haha that's exactly what I was thinking, maybe a bit too tall though.

[@richardblack1588]

how did he escape the barrel of acid?!

[@kiesersozay1717]

***** And rightly so.

[@Lolwutdesu9000]

Are you serious? Do you want idiocracy to come true? Idiot.

[@kiesersozay1717]

Redwave trance Fucking douche bag.