Answering Fan Queries About Strange Matter, the Insides of Black Holes & More

[@StarTalk]

Thanks to our friends at Babbel for sponsoring today's video! Start speaking a new language in 3 weeks with Babbel 🎉 Get up to 60% OFF your subscription ➡ HERE: bit.ly/StarTalkAug

[@sudharshan_86]

What if our observable universe is just a bunch of light particles that came out of a solar storm/burst of a gigantic star??? The bursted particles moves away from each other at the speed of light and the rest of the objects are in non observable universe and are the so called early universes(that jwst exposed) and we somehow called this entire event as big bang...

[@faaa999]

Can you guys do a live stream please?! ❤

[@Zoeyplaytime]

0​@@sudharshan_86

[@jjj87484]

The photon doesn't experience the redshift because space is causing the change in frequency

[@roharbaconmoo]

The answer to the question is that it is strange.

[@LiquidChamploo]

One of the smartest people I watch just said "I don't know the answer to that, we'll have to ask someone else." I can't quite put my finger on why that's so amazing to me.

[@EamonKelly]

Some people think that their intelligence is because of what they know. But real intelligence is trying to understand what you don’t know.

[@hnbchance]

I always say tell my kids it’s better to “know what you know, and know what you don’t know, and it’s always best to learn something new and ask questions”

[@alperry02]

I loved that. We don't see enough of that humility and self-awareness from normal folk. 😂and to see it displayed from one of the smartest, greatest minds is incredibly refreshing

[@2centschange]

It really shouldn't be. No serious scientist will be afraid of saying they don't know something. Because its those times when they get the most excited.

[@LiquidChamploo]

@@2centschangeA very thoughtful response man, that makes a lot of sense.

[@darrellhendrix5502]

This is easily the most entertaining science program that i have ever watched. The chemistry between Neil and Chuck is so good that i laughed while gaining a great deal of knowledge. These are truly a treasure.

[@zZz0349]

Agreed

[@A_Stereotypical_Heretic]

Unfortunately Neil is wrong about most everything he says, or at the least very misleading

[@Jokers_Yugioh666]

Anton peterov and pbs space time 👍👍

[@RoadrunnerG]

Dont disrespect Bill Nye like that. Lol But this program is awesome..

[@theimaginativeweirdo4537]

​@@A_Stereotypical_Heretic How?

[@Ikonicre_Moonshield]

Having Neil is Nice. Having Chuck is Necessary. The secret ingredient of Galactic Gumbo. ....gairronntee 😂

[@tyrone4u559]

🙂I think it is more the other way around. Without Neal setting the context, Chuck's participating humor while entertaining is incidental

[@SangheiliSpecOp]

does anyone have a clip of the person that hes referring to? I think in another vid, Chuck said that person appeared on PBS or something. I'm just curious to see lol

[@Marinesniprx]

But wait...I thought Chuck was the one who's a "Nice" ? So havin' Neil is Necessary and Chuck Nice is the Spice! 🧂🤣🤣

[@tonymeman9041]

​@@tyrone4u559 The joke -------------- You

[@JoseGranny]

You just wanted to say.... gairronntee

[@syedwt]

Perfect duo, Chuck plays his role perfectly as a funny layman and Neil can explain things so simply.

[@zacharyimpero8134]

These two are the absolute perfect combo to listen to.

[@cordestian9296]

I tried watching an episode with comedians other than Chuck and I couldn't get through it. Chuck works so well because he's hilarious, and smart enough to follow the discussion and participate on a somewhat educated level, as well as a humorous one. His jokes are smarter than other comedians I've seen on the show. Love you chuck!

[@MusicMan3]

What other comedians?

[@RafyPina]

I can't watch most of the episodes with other scientists. Chuck is gold.

[@cordestian9296]

@@RafyPina I like ones with other scientists, especially ones that know different fields than Neil. The other comedians he has on occasionally are what I have an issue with. Some are OK, but none are as good, imo, as Chuck is in this particular content

[@igotzelda]

I really liked the star talk live with eugene as host, with guests mayim bialik, Dr. Heather Berlin, Michael Ian Black, Paul Rudd and bill nye, check it out!

[@brandontankersley8107]

Chuck definitely outshines all the others.

[@valiantwarrior4517]

I love it when Neil laughs. It just seems so genuine. The full body laugh.

[@LordOfThePancakes]

Personally it makes me very angry & spiteful when he laughs. I feel like he’s laughing at me. And I don’t like that…

[@valiantwarrior4517]

@ does he even know you?

[@calisto2735]

@@LordOfThePancakes He really does though!!! Be angry!!! 😈😈

[@valiantwarrior4517]

@@calisto2735 it’s a lot better to not be angry about stuff. Healthier even.

[@faaa999]

I’m only 40 seconds in and Chuck has me rolling on the floor 😂

[@dwellersart7538]

😂😅

[@chadb9270]

I guarantee!!! 😂😂😂

[@RickMiMann415]

40 seconds in and I'm fast forwarding his lame, corny jokes.

[@igi-chan]

Lol, Sir Nice always brings his A game!

[@cbwavy]

Protect Chuck at all costs

[@bobbyjones2112]

This is one of my favorite shows on KZbin! I’m hooked, and I cannot lie.😂

[@LordOfThePancakes]

Yes you can lie. Liar.

[@SaeronRedfyre]

Other brothers can’t deny

[@tommytwotone81]

I love every Star talk episode but when it's not just you two, it's not the same. Your friendship, camaraderie, the ease at which you two comfortably communicate and the comedic banter between is magic. .

[@victorrielly4588]

You can change the perceived red shift of the photon by changing your reference frame. For example, if you move closer to a black hole, you’ll see the photon red shifted. This means the redshift of the photon is a consequence of your observation of the photon, not a change in the inherent properties of the photon.

[@NoneNone-wz5ul]

Not gonna lie but this is honestly a very valid and sound answer. Well done! 👏👏

[@billymanilli]

yeah.

[@billmcdonough3950]

But isn't the very nature of redshift something that can't happen to a single photon? Redshift is an increase in wavelength, ie: a longer period between photons. IOW, it's a decrease in the frequency of the light. The single photon doesn't have a _frequency_ though: it only happens once. So the photon (particle) doesn't experience redshift, the _waveform_ experiences redshift.

[@victorrielly4588]

@@billmcdonough3950 the same photon will have a be perceived to have a different redshift depending on how fast you’re moving with respect to the photon. Just like there’s only one electron in the universe (they’re all identical to each other) there’s only one photon in the universe (They’re all identical to each other). One way to see this is to remember that the wavelength of a photon is inversely proportional to its momentum, and the relative momentum of a photon is dependent on the momentum of an observer. If the observer is flying toward the source of the photon really quickly he will perceive the momentum of the photon traveling toward him to be very high and thus the wavelength very small (blue shifted), but if the observer is flying very quickly away from the source of the photon he will observe the photon to have a much smaller momentum and to be redshifted.

[@growthisfreedomunitedearth7584]

precisely. and therefore, from this principle, you can know that photons either have no intrinsic energy level, ALL intrinsic energy levels, or both of these states simultaneously. well done, Mr. Reilly.

[@zanebertoli4589]

Love the expanse drop. Right when he said flip and burn, I was yelling "the expanse!!" So glad he said it in the discussion. The expanse is the best show ever, highly recommend. Good books too.

[@martinmiz]

I always feel excited when The Expanse is name dropped. Beltalowdas deserve all the recognition they can get.

[@snowarist]

I'm still rewatching the Expanse series the umpteenth time and I can't get over it. It's over three years now since the first time I finished watching. The science in it esp. rocket dynamics quite legit and that's why I keep going back. I just love the science in it. Beltalowda, tenye wa chesh gut!

[@TheRealSkeletor]

@@martinmiz Fodabelt, beratna!

[@martinmiz]

@@snowarist You should read the books too.

[@snowarist]

@@martinmiz I hope to, someday...

[@StarTalk]

If Earth needed to hide from prying eyes in the cosmos, what kind of technology do you think we could use for planetary cloaking? 🛸🔍 Drop your wildest ideas below-let's see how creative our StarTalk community can get!

[@wavedarkly2135]

One big mirror

[@sudharshan_86]

What if our observable universe is just a bunch of light particles that came out of a solar storm/burst of a gigantic star??? The bursted particles moves away from each other at the speed of light and the rest of the objects are in non observable universe and are the so called early universes(that jwst exposed) and we somehow called this entire event as big bang...

[@michaelccopelandsr7120]

Depends on the technology we're trying to fool. We can't pretend it's empty space because of Earth's gravitational pull. Maybe just a field that can fool sensors into believing Earth is a biohazard. "Stay Away!" (Like humans aren't enough of one.)

[@joshcuker5877]

Retro reflector panels

[@faaa999]

@@StarTalk satellites shaped in a sphere high above earth that creates a false atmosphere dispensing whatever chemicals and gases that we look for that indicate NO signs of life (hide the oxygen!) and the false atmosphere should also refract light too

[@marcoottina654]

5:10 "Ad Astra" means "to the stars" and it's written on the Kansas's Flag. And then Chuck made me .. chucking 😂

[@JerkleCirc]

The Expanse is just the best scifi show, period. Enthralled the entire time. Book series is even better.

[@JerkleCirc]

@@HedonisticPuritan-mp6xv The books are amazing. The show sets up a lot in the first season, even as events unfold, and REALLY takes off in the second season, constantly upping the stakes.

[@UP-To-The-Time]

Chuck is a beast, love this guy, he gives the show life

[@shaunanderson158]

He makes it annoying

[@js27-a5t]

@@shaunanderson158 Well you make the comments section annoying, lol

[@SlammedZero]

@@shaunanderson158 Give him a chance. I admittedly wasn't a big fan when I first started this show, but he grows on you and adds a good dynamic to the show.

[@DarkInception]

He has great energy, but he can get a little annoying...with all due respect to him. 14:11 for example, the finishing Neil’s sentences as he’s trying to get a point out. I understand that’s done to show he’s following the conversation, I just personally find that stuff a little annoying. But I do enjoy them as a duo for the most part.

[@DarkInception]

15:08

[@vibehighest]

"somebody get me an edible." looks around lmao

[@mo.6ix]

The photon question was actually really good

[@intotron6708]

My answer would be around this line: The photon doesn't feel any different, no time has passed. Instead the environment (the detector/eye) looks shifted to blue. It is all relative.

[@Llyd_ApDicta]

@@intotron6708 Would it though? The redshift is the result of two objects moving away from each other. Why would one side be red shifted and the other blue shifted? They are still increasing their distance, independent from the side you use as reference.

[@litrehead]

Because it's relative.

[@dcell2216]

yeah, really cool to simulate. Beginpoint -> Endpoint + observer and time as measurement tool.

[@chrism3784]

it's redshifted but it's stretched, the energy is the same

[@sabinrawr]

My answer to the photon question: At relativistic speed, space contraction is a thing as well as time dilation. Wavelength is a function of distance and time. Since the photon experiences no time, the space contraction is infinite. It doesn't see itself as being redshifted, it just "is". The perceived redshift is due to the mechanics of our observation, not of the intrinsic properties of the photon. The photon itself has the same properties at detection that it had at emission, but our relative time and space reckoning is what gives the illusion of redshift.

[@SovereignCyan]

thanks bro , truly

[@JariDawnchild]

There's a "stop in the middle of a busy day and take a breath" in the middle of the photon simply being. Everyone's expectations are from their own perspectives, not who/whatever they're looking at. No idea why reading your comment made me think that, but it did. These comments are my favorite, tyvm. ❤

[@askaliu2943]

oh interesting O .O!

[@bgalazka1868]

i came to this conclusion after few seconds after Neil said he dont know answer, and now i feel smart af

[@sabinrawr]

@@bgalazka1868 Then you are in good company!

[@joaomelo1203]

My understanding of black holes is that they are not actual holes, every star when dies, the bigger they are, the denser material they create. So what we call a black hole is actually a rock so dense and with a gravity so powerful that (could) disintegrate (or compress in its core) even photons, that’s why we cannot see any light on that black rock except when it releases all the energy / matter accumulated in form of rays. Also the jet that they release has to be with tremendous force in order to escape the gravity. So if a photon travels at the speed of light and gravity from black hole (rock) is able to trap that photon, the jet that comes out has to be with speeds greater than speed of light.

[@Arun-hm8cz]

Yes and no. The jets are just ionised matter. It has a certain mass which photons do not possess . So it’s sure to be less than the speed of light

[@ROCKETKNIGHT-ph7xp]

I had a lot to say but that "Hey Neil maybe Chuck" has me completely losing it 😆🤣🤣🤣🤣

[@TheRockHardKeg]

“What’s he know that i don’t know?!” 🤣

[@cliff9887]

Send a video of how hard you are laughing.

[@JumboFPS]

22:20 is the funniest moment in this shows history

[@Laser9113]

100%

[@Coachadamfootball]

Two hilarious jokes in the cork-quark section

[@davidvenegas220]

Have to say, I think this is the first time I have seen NdGT stumped on a question regarding the photon vs time dilation. Good question.

[@existentialselkath1264]

Yeah, it was a great question. I hope it pops up with an answer in another video.

[@litrehead]

He knows the answer, he just didn't think about it long enough. From the photon's perspective, there is no redshift. From a photons perspective, I believe the energy is the same from Planck's constant.

[@David.C.Velasquez]

@@litrehead Exactly, the dilation and the redshift are aspects of the same property, and 'unseen' from the photon's subjective reference frame.

[@johns1625]

I remember daydreaming about this very long ago and got stuck on "what if every photon is the same photon, experiencing everywhere for all of time?" 😭😭😆😆

[@Moneyartthou]

wtf was that edit at 29:26 😭😭😭😭😭

[@adambhola6738]

Fr dawg 😂

[@tunnookie]

This is my favorite show frfr. These two are hilarious chuck is unstoppable

[@HotelPapa100]

"Ad astra", In full. "per aspera ad astra" (through rough roads to the stars) was an aphorism used since Roman times (it was coined by Seneca the younger). That's what puts in on the Kansas state flag, not actual star travel.

[@drbunheada224]

*through?

[@HotelPapa100]

@@drbunheada224 yup, corrected

[@lautabott_uy]

29:27 thanks for letting that in mr editor !

[@darreneriksen]

I want to know what happened after that.

[@CosmicBeing538]

@@darreneriksen Apparently Neil had to be reset.

[@PapaMagi68]

Neil.exe has stopped working

[@ukdnbmarsh]

great shout - The Expanse is an absolutely BRILLIANT show

[@P2Chill]

Agreed, very good show. I absolutely love how realistic the future shown in it is.

[@Charles-eb7bs]

I must watch this show " The Expanse "

[@P2Chill]

@Charles-eb7bs You won't regret it if you like sci-fi and you'll like it even more if you find astrophysics interesting. Go for it!

[@travailier]

Hope these question based shows become more frequent... they're fascinating.

[@GottaCatchEmMachoke]

11:00 I think I saw someone explaining red shift on some other channel. The reason why a photon's wavelength has changed traveling through the space is not because the time has passed for it, but the space itself is expanding. So by the time those photons are observed on the earth, the wavelength has increased.

[@CarletonTorpin]

I really liked the short advertisement at the beginning of this video. it was appreciated that there was no spoken words telling me to "BUY THE THING!" before I've even seen the content of this video.

[@byronwatkins2565]

From the photon's perspective, nothing changed and no time passed. We simply experience the photon differently than the people who emitted it... we and they can do this because neither are traveling at c and time does pass for us. Each peak and trough of the photon's wave is frozen in time, but both the emitter and detector see each peak and trough at different times -- and the relative motion/gravitation between us shifts those peaks/troughs closer together or further apart.

[@tkermi]

Why would you expect that photon's speed c makes it incapable of perceiving anything? At least those instances create variants with end points for that photon. And those variants perceive it in some way.

[@winonafrog]

Like the doppler effect then?

[@MissMikah420]

The expanse is a good show especially when it comes to having things that you'd imagine how real space ships would have

[@LordOfThePancakes]

Especially when it comes to featuring things you’d expect real space ships to have*

[@mike42441]

Best science channel on youtube, right here !!!

[@kevinjack1232]

the more I watch this with chuck the more enjoy having him on this show. he understands this more than his character on this show.

[@WreckedRevival]

Chuck is too hilarious! Also have to say I definitely had some crazy good gumbo when I was down in Louisiana and Mississippi working on the Rail Road! Between the local cuisine, atmosphere and energy from the people, and all of the cool history there's a lot to love down there.

[@JaguarBST]

11:06 The red shifting of the photon is due to the expansion of fabric of space-time itself and not from the photon experiencing time. The phenomenon is called cosmological redshift and is a major piece of evidence supporting the theory of expanding universe and the Big Bang. Love the show btw ❤

[@paramecia_]

Good explanation

[@ccorvid]

it's getting "spaghettified" as it falls through our observable universe's "event" horizon, and towards our individual singularities

[@Hassane_B]

Photon: really!? I got red shifted! I thought everything shrinked including space 😂

[@JaguarBST]

@@Hassane_B wait so it’s all about perspective? *always has been*

[@Hassane_B]

@@JaguarBST the energy of photon is described by its wavelength and the length itself is relative, so yes relativity is indeed involved, but there is more: Not only the photon absorbed the moment it emitted but also from the photon perspective it travels 0 distance (space contraction), so from your perspective space stretched but from the photon perspective It did not cross any distance. please note, it is only my understanding about the topic, I am not an expert in the field and there is a reason for Dr Tyson to not answer the question yet

[@codename495]

Heck yes with the photon question! If I had stumped Neil DeGrasse Tyson, that would go on my resume’. English/Spanish Bilingual fluency, BA in business, 5 years upper management blah blah, once stumped NGT, competent in Excel.

[@jesse7644]

Chuck is a great example of how you never get too old to learn new things.

[@LordOfThePancakes]

I disagree. I personally believe you can’t teach an old dog new tricks.

[@JohnJohnsonSonOfJohn]

To add to the discussion on whether the universe is inside a black whole… if you add up all the mass in the universe and consider the amount of space it occupies, it would suggest that we are in a black whole with an event horizon up to 10 times the size of the observable universe.

[@benjaminnavarro865]

I'm late to the party but since you are at the center of your observable universe it would mean that you are at the singularity of a black hole. And so basically any point in space would be a singularity since it is at the center of its own 93 billion light-years sphere of observable universe. So either the observable universe is not a black hole and it's just a fun fact that its "barrier" and the event horizon behave the same, or black holes don't have any singularity at their center. I'm leaning towards the former since there are other facts about black holes that doesn't fit my observation of the universe (matter distribution, tidal forces, etc)

[@JohnJohnsonSonOfJohn]

@@benjaminnavarro865 actually I made a mistake in my original comment. If you add up all the matter in the universe it suggests we’re in a black hole up to 10 times the size of the observable universe. Matter distribution is not an issue, we have no idea of the actual structure inside an event horizon, it could be relatively evenly distributed, or it could truly be a singularity, this is unknown at present. You should watch Kurzgesagt’s video “This black hole could be bigger than the universe”

[@norcalpacific]

I can't believe Neil has not watched The Expanse!!!

[@FFmaxxx]

​@@Jay-ft3xh neil tends to watch any popular media with science involved.

[@zepo82]

I thought he had to be honest, think it was Dr Becky though who had a look into it.

[@zepo82]

@@Jay-ft3xh It's still worth watching for scientific near future fact/fiction/idiocy and for someone who knows a bit about stuff to talk about it. I read the books and that was fine, but It was nice to see some almost maybe realism on the screen,

[@PreppingWithSarge]

He also has not watch Three Body Problem

[@hendrir]

I would like to have a StarTalk on the edge of the observable universe and the edge of the event horizon of a blackhole having the same mathematical properties. This indicating we are possibly inside a black hole blew my mind.

[@SamusSelf-Destruct]

I’m not a great communicator like Neil, but I find it’s actually (to me, at least) very simple if you think abuit it logically. Due to the speed of light, and the expansion of the universe, we can never send a signal that will even reach, much less cross, the edge of the observable universe, the same way that, inside of a black hole, you can never send a signal that would reach or cross the event horizon, or that you can never actually observe a signal enter a black hole is you’re outside of it. Additionally, as we look toward that event horizon, what we see is, essentially, the entire history of the universe, the same way you would as if you were falling into a black hole you would see the entire future of your universe. Mathematically, everything checks out, but, where we usually think of the math from the perspective of being outside the black hole, we have to take the inverse numbers because we are inside it, like being on the other side of an asymptote on a graph, which is what the graph of a black hole’s mathematics actually looks like as you approach the event horizon.

[@humbleguy9908]

I see a logical contradiction in this analogy: We are, by definition, in the center of the observable universe. Someone, at half the distance to the edge of our observable universe, would also be in the center of their observable universe. Inside of a black hole, I think, everybody will agree on one, and only one edge and one center.

[@hendrir]

@@humbleguy9908 Good thinking. After thinking about this topic myself, my brain broke even more about the idea of the possibility of being inside a black hole inside a black hole inside a black hole, etc.

[@sabinrawr]

Is it? Once you are "inside", the event horizon is forever unreachable. At the same time, time dilation dictates that time would slow infinitely as you approach the singularity such that (from your perspective) it would take infinite time to reach it. This is not unlike our own universe.

[@markfehrenbach6288]

Always a good time with Papa Neil and Uncle Chuck

[@svenzetterlund2459]

😂 Love the humor, the succinctness and depth that Neil provides, and the interplay between the two of them. 28:33 Chuck going off on Neil shooting down his apple seed analogy 🤣

[@VincentSilva-uv3jj]

Hi Mr. Degrasse....I've been watching you since I was in school & you were on the cosmo show & just so happy to be able to continue learning from you & you are the reason I fell in love with science & biology!!! Believe it or not but you've been a big part of my quest of knowledge of the "COSMOS"

[@LordOfThePancakes]

That’s Dr. Degrasse to you… Show some respect, peasant

[@loniwilliams82]

😅😂 Love the Q&As. Always a good day with Neil and Chuck.

[@randysuratte663]

I was a kid in the 70s. We all used cb radios. There was thing called a skip. We could talk to people across continents.

[@neelp8064]

The universe continues to amaze us Love hearing Neil and Chuck

[@turbgar]

you guys laughing together is soooo wholesome - on top of learning some cool space facts??? yes please!!!! Love these.

[@Jack_Redview]

Lmao chuck got me laughing right out the bat

[@cbwavy]

Star Talk aways brightens my mood when a new episode comes out

[@Adrian-jj4xk]

the expanse also had scenes where everyone had to secure for the mid-journey flip - turn off the engines, flip 180°, turn them on again.

[@pakyoungchae]

Plus, it's just cool to say "flip and burn"

[@stephonblack7944]

Love these 2😂 people like them need to live forever

[@nelliemoore3792]

I ADMIRE TOU CHUCK🙏

[@DasBreen]

About the question regarding photons and red shifting: If something acting upon the photon potentially causes it to experience time, could the same not be said of gravity causing its path to curve? The photon would experience stretching instead of steering as it travels through the expanding universe, so I would think they are similar in that regard. I would imagine as long as the photon is not stopped/observed, it doesn't register what the outside forces acting upon it actually do, with regards to the time aspect.

[@HaggenKennedy]

I agree with you. I think it has more to do with frame of reference than with what the photon itself feels. You noticing a red shift is a consequence of your observation, not a change in the inherent properties of the photon. It's possible that it (the photon) may not notice that anything different is happening.

[@ccorvid]

neil mentioning that the horizon of the observable universe is identical to event horizons got me thinking about how we all have our own individual horizons, and wondering if that also means that "we" aka our atoms(&quarks) are all made of "singularities" at the center of our own universes? and if so, is every photon, Lighting every singular Event we Observe, simply falling At us, at the speed of light, aka the terminal velocity of photons "Falling" into Our black hole universe?

[@nicolasplanard-luong6517]

I was conviced for years now that we are in a blackhole. Thanks for the video

[@sabinrawr]

The Schwarzchild radius of the observable universe just happens to be excruciatingly close to the radius of the observable universe. I do not think this is a coincidence.

[@BossTypeGooNz69]

You know it’s good question when Neil needs to take time to think on it. Startalk keeps me curious! 11:59

[@mertc8050]

I think it happens because of the expansion of the universe artificially moving us away by creating space(very likely wrong that one)? Or expanding the light itself basicly redshifting it either way as time passes. Btw black holes can blueshift light if it travels toward the direction its spinning by the same principle basicly doing opposite of what expansion of universe does.

[@OilRacki]

It always kills me how much Neil laughs at Chuck. Good combo here.. love @StarTalk!

[@TEJR69]

Oh my oh my, if only every gain of knowledge would be this entertaining... really, Neil and Chuck together is just pure fun WHILST being educational and sadly it's the FIRST TIME I put these two words together through my 30 years of existence. I don't know if it's sad or tragic

[@isatousarr7044]

Inside a black hole, the core, known as the singularity, is where gravity is so intense that it bends space and time to an extreme degree, leading to infinite density. Surrounding this is the event horizon, the boundary beyond which nothing can escape. Given these extreme conditions, how can scientists even begin to study what happens at or beyond the event horizon?

[@danielschegh9695]

There's a bit of a circular case here. Indeed, to your point, nobody can ever do empirical science inside a black hole and get that information out to people on the outside. Instead, we do empirical science on the observable universe and model how it works mathematically, both general Relativity and quantum mechanics. Then we can see what the mathematical models predict happens inside the black hole. This is more or less what Neil says @14:10. It is a best guess based on the best evidence, but the accuracy is limited by how good the mathematical models are. On the one hand, we might argue that we can't ever know how accurate it is since we can't ever test inside a black hole and get the info out. On the other hand, our prediction of the existence of black holes, which we have confirmed empirically, and that you can't get the information out comes from those mathematical models. If those models are inaccurate about what goes on inside a black hole then they can also be innacruate about the ability to get information out. If we accept that you can't get information out from the models, why would we not accept the other conclusions of the same models. We a can't empirically prove that you can't get information out because if True we can't get the empirical proof out. At this point it is Occam's Razor. If we can't get info out, all we can do is model and the accuracy is irrelevant because what goes on inside can't affect us outside. If we can get info out, then we can improve the models, so we keep collecting evidence to find out where the models break down.

[@Nicola_Harvey]

Love watching your videos ❤ thanks guys

[@jeffreyallen2778]

Never thought I would hear Dr. Tyson reference Beavis and Butthead much less hear chuck's Cornholio impression.😂

[@PocketBrain]

@ 9:10 The photon isn't red-shifted if you are static with respect to the object that emitted it; you only get the shift because your frame of reference is moving away; when it's detected, you are subtracting the difference in energy between the two frames. The photon itself doesn't actually shift, just your perception of it, which is when you extract its energy at the moment of its destruction.

[@cyphaborg6598]

Looking at the stars gives you a sense of peace, now while looking start to question how big the Universe is. I always stop pretty quick because it's overwhelming and start looking at the stars again.The concept of the Universe is godlike.

[@sharktomesmiles]

Hello Guys I hope your both well. I love this show Oh so much.

[@Vince-ml9gw]

Edible at 16:20 time stamp 😂

[@SlammedZero]

That gumbo bit at the beginning was hilarious. 🤣

[@G4MMABA3]

Neil is so adorable showing his book lol omg relatable! I love this!!

[@Odin029]

That might be the best in video commercial I've ever seen on KZbin. Babbel should pay that man extra. The rest of the video is great too as always.

[@amarilemon3302]

“Someone get me an edible” “apparently you didn’t need one😂😂”

[@LyndonJames570]

How do we nominate Neil De Grasse Tyson for the Nobel Peace prize? As an Australian of Caucasian descent I’d like to say in these times of social and civil unrest, especially with what we are seeing in the UK with extremist and racial ideologies on all sides on the rise, I turn to my man, Neil De Grasse Tyson to remind me that good exists in all of us. So thank you sir, for just being a good man.

[@LyndonJames570]

Also as someone who can be as stubborn as Chuck, it cracks me up every time he says “right” to Neil 😂 I know from personal experience of doing this that he is not telling Mr. Tyson he is right but is telling himself out loud that what he said previously has been confirmed as right 😂 God bless Chuck

[@advaitnaik8819]

chuck was on fire today XD

[@RidewithReed]

These two are a match made in heaven 🤣🤣😍 originally was like I’m not watching all this then watched and laughed the entire time 😅😅😅

[@JeffKing310]

Neil’s recall is ridiculously impressive.

[@emefcue]

Omg i had to pause in the first minute. Chuck had me dieng of laughter!!!!!! That new orleans southern accent hilarious!!!!!! 😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@kimjohnson4278]

I'v heard that bit too many times.

[@michaelccopelandsr7120]

Neil and Chuck for 2028!

[@StuckCentrist]

Sooo if the universe is a black hole, then matter falling into the black hole's singularity in space should be identical to the universe's expansion away from the big bang singularity in time

[@RavenFlight413]

My hypothesis is that all mass taken in throughout the black holes existence "arrives" past the singularity all at once as time "kicks off" again past the event horizon. Essentially a "big bang". And when a black hole decays away via hawking radiation that's equivalent to heat death from the outside.

[@StuckCentrist]

​@@RavenFlight413that's interesting. The first part makes total sense, the Hawking Radiation part is a bit wobbly because heat death doesn't involve losing energy from the system in our current understanding

[@princesstoni8116]

What a fire duo i love these two

[@xrkronii]

This has to be one of the most interesting and thought inspiring talk shows I've found

[@gman116lop]

29:28

[@prodGARNR]

😂

[@sebastianthehotsaucedude5473]

I swear Chuck takes edibles before every episode, and maybe Neil too because he laughs at everything he says😅

[@Maulfurion]

Neil unlikely, has to remember like everything.

[@sebastianthehotsaucedude5473]

@Maulfurion true, but Chuck is sus lmaoo I love it.

[@igotzelda]

Neil always looks high to me😂

[@Jordanelev3n]

Naa chuck is a comedian and neil just has naturally low eyelids and chill demeanor

[@luweewee]

16:07 had me dying 😭

[@j.a.weishaupt1748]

My condolences to your family

[@MrInFlight]

I became familiar with Niel Tyson when I saw a clip of Terrence Howan speaking on reinventing math. So I did some research and found his response on this page. I'm glad I did. Surprisingly entertained by stuff I would never think I would. I'm probably the dumbest subscriber, but I find myself educated after watching these videos. And Chuck is great, the balance between them works.

[@TwistedStitchesShow]

Oh that’s why aliens don’t wanna come here. They’ve watched episodes of the Incredible Hulk and are fearful of making us angry, because they wouldn’t like us “when we’re angry!”

[@steelersgoingfor7in2024]

If quantum entanglement is caused by particles interacting, at what scale does that no hold true? The entirety of the universe is connected via fields.

[@ccorvid]

does entanglement have anything to do with how photons don't experience time through their journey from their beginning and end locale?

[@galacticdiamondz6425]

I’d recommend reading up on Bell’s inequality. It might hold some answers as to why quantum entanglement even occurs. As to answer at which scale this doesn’t occur? I don’t have the answer for that sadly. 🥲

[@SpaceFrogFromOuterSpace]

Wine quark, I'm dying 😂😂😂

[@winonafrog]

When that quark is popped, things begin to feel charmed and strange

[@davidbui]

Who else is actually here to listen to Chuck’s jokes? 😂

[@kimjohnson4278]

I come hear to hear NDT. If I want comedy I'll go to Comedy Central. They have much better comedians.

[@joshbegerow8857]

Chucks the best

[@jmt80]

Chuck really makes this show great. We need comedy in science lessons

[@aniketdhage1440]

Can I just say, thank you Neil for being you and giving me the opportunity to exist in the same time period as you

[@l.faraday8767]

As a Canadian watching this, the strangest matter has got to be trump. 😂😂

[@Bentzema]

Hilarious you say that over your own socialist dictator

[@CFHuss]

Seek therapy. Normal humans don't associate any and every topic with one man.

[@MiikeIM]

As a Canadian, I like Trump. 😮

[@OsuohaLawrence]

Chuck should let Neil talk😅

[@Diana-ok1lt]

I love the combination of you both. Y’all make incredibly complex science so much easier to understand and so enjoyable to listen to. I love it here .👏🏽👏🏽

[@Industry4.0Today]

excited for all of the businesses and buildings that'll be built in zero-g🎉🛸

[@Ileleana]

Neil Hopefully you see this but I just wanted to thank you for being an inspiration to me growing up and now moving into getting my Doctorate in Clinical Laboratory Sciences. You are who made me understand that being a Lifelong Learner is fun and encouraged and have interests in many different types of sciences is not a bad thing. ❤❤Thank you for being and inspiration and one of my sciences heroes to this day!

[@p.o.9964]

Filling stations on the road to mars. Will they be able to get slupees while they fill their tanks? Actually it would not be a bad idea to have fuel, food, and other supplies that will be needed en-route. They just need to make sure that the foods are shielded enough. Still a cosmic 7-11 would be a cool site. Perhaps the Aliens will buy in to the franchise.

[@akirasthecat]

When Chuck says: look at that... ❤

[@KindaPossible]

I just had the realization that traveling between celestial bodies by Neil's description is like moving into a real-life planetary sized tractor beam, and I think that's really neat.

[@randystone4903]

Enjoy the education. Chuck your so right how much fun it is to break into a conversation in Spanish and watch their response. It doesn't take many spoken Spanish words to let them think you know everything they say. 🤠

[@checkfoldcallraise]

Man I just love playing this on my phone in the kitchen while I prepare breakfast and coffee ☕️. Then sitting at the table absorbing all the knowledge and humor between my favorite duo in the youtubiverse 🌌 ❤