Galaxies Beyond Our Horizon - Cosmic Queries with Neil deGrasse Tyson

What happens to quarks during spaghettification? Neil deGrasse Tyson and comedian Chuck Nice answer fan questions about positrons, how we got the speed of light, where the Big Bang took place, and more!
How is the age of the universe quantifiable in Earth years? A patron asks about best practices when reaching out to physicists. Why are the origins of the universe still a mystery? Could our whole universe be inside a black hole?
Could a photon from its frame of reference see galaxies beyond our horizon? What would it be like on a planet surrounded by black holes? Learn about the dispersion of matter during the Big Bang and what happened to the place where the Big Bang occurred. We discuss the power to reorganize atoms and how to determine a planet’s north and south poles using the Right-Hand Rule.
What are some examples of energy becoming matter in our universe? Learn about positrons, thermonuclear fusion, and the moment energy became matter during the Big Bang. We break down how we got the speed of light and Ole Rømer’s observations of Jupiter’s moons.
Thanks to our Patrons Eternal Sunshine, LLC, Arthur Brown, James Turner, Taygen Mercier, Bayley, Aaron, and Pete Sherburne for supporting us this week.
NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can listen to this entire episode commercial-free.
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About StarTalk:
Science meets pop culture on StarTalk! Astrophysicist & Hayden Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson, his comic co-hosts, guest celebrities & scientists discuss astronomy, physics, and everything else about life in the universe. Keep Looking Up!
#StarTalk #neildegrassetyson
00:00 - Introduction: Grab Bag
2:24 - The Age of the Universe in Earth Years
5:56 - How to Write to a Physicist
10:26 - What Happens to Spaghettified Quarks?
15:33 - Why Are The Origins of Universes & Big Bangs Still a Mystery?
17:45 - Can a Photon See Galaxies Beyond Our Horizon?
20:33 - What Is It Like on a Planet Surrounded By Black Holes?
22:27 - What Is Happening Where the Big Bang Happened?
25:50 - Reassembling Atoms
28:08 - How to Find the North Pole of Another Planet
31:34 - When Energy Becomes Matter
37:20 - How Did We Measure the Speed of Light?

[@StarTalk]

Which part of this Grab Bag do you want us to dedicate an entire episode to? 🤨

[@chhem]

More of Chuck saying Guarantee

[@trent54]

Add some o knee yon

[@josselynstone-crishly7196]

the Quarks stuff I never understood ! This is so creepy this universe! Is there also some new stuff being invented on terms of Quantum Physics ? Would it be possible, that some kind of intelligence existing of pure energy could be called life ? Our brain works with energy and electricity!

[@mxb2432]

Quarks! 🤯

[@ivanos900]

Finger puppets 😂😂

[@willchase1952]

Proper credit to the person who asked a question that make Neil say "I gotta talk to some people about this." Mitchell Adkins (sp) wins StarTalk.

[@DunwellAntwi]

We are not worthy.

[@bruceschneier6283]

I'm going to be extremely disappointed if we don't get an update on that question

[@TheOpinionGuyy]

I might have missed it, which part was it

[@willchase1952]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/rnmun6SQh8p9jsk @@TheOpinionGuyy

[@wil3zra229]

​@@TheOpinionGuyy 15:20

[@seventoast]

I think I speak for all fans of StarTalk when I say we will never get tired of _Bayou Chuck._ I garrontee!

[@iplayrunescape301]

About 600 lb of crawdad

[@oaguilera81]

Damn! Chuck was on fire in this episode 😂😂😂😂😂

[@AqueleRod]

This is the best duo on the internet!

[@atsizcapar]

💯

[@Dagger13824]

The Cajun Chef on PBS was Justin Wilson (April 24, 1914 to September 5, 2001). His cooking show was called “Louisiana Cookin’”. I absolutely Loved watching his cooking show… and I had never even tried Cajun food at that point. My all time favorite thing he would say was: “Tell you what I gonna did.”. As well as his all around catchphrase “I Gar-on-tee!”. Plus whenever he would put something alcoholic in the food - he would always take a drink right after: “A little for you, and a little for me.” I swear that sometimes by the end of the show he seemed like he was totally drunk. LOL!!! He was also a recording artist. He composed the music for his cooking show, and released one album of Christmas songs, and several comedy albums. He also appeared on the Ed Sullivan Show. He also did a series of commercials for Ruffles Cajun Spice potato chips.

[@carlaharrison2692]

A don’t-miss show at my house! Remember those suspenders?

[@FairDealDan]

@@carlaharrison2692 I sho do!

[@astrocoastalprocessor]

Thank you so much for this memory

[@davidevans3227]

brilliant! thankyou greetings from the uk 🙂 x

[@AmazingMissKass]

For a hot second I thought Chuck awas talking about Paul Prudhomme (creole) but yes good ol Justin Wilson (Cajun) was great!

[@joebailey3133]

"A little bit of wine in the food and a little bit of wine in me, I gar-on-tee!" Justin Elmer Wilson (April 24, 1914 - September 5, 2001) was a Southern American chef and humorist known for his brand of Cajun-inspired cuisine, humor and storytelling. One of my PBS favorites. :)

[@DyreStraits]

And just sprinkle in some 'ownyuns'

[@joshbrown1397]

You must have grown up in an area near me!!🤣

[@thginkevad]

@joebailey3133, I was thinking the same thing and looked at the comments. You were spot on with Justin. I originally watched him on LPB, and still find his videos today on youtube. However, the narrative Chuck and Neil were giving out holds true even though the name, and chef size of 300 lbs is inacurate for Justin, but close enough for Paul, both of which were phenominal cajun chefs in their own rights. They were both, in their day "larger than life"

[@johnheath4305]

Justin brought it. Made Cajun accessible

[@michael-4k4000]

wine? Let's not get crazy now........ wine is the devils juice

[@sonjeow]

Been watching StarTalk for years now. Chuck stated as the everyman. The layperson comic relief that we could all relate to....now he's become an expert in his own right. Goes to show if you surround yourself with good company, it rubs off.

[@victorrutledge257]

So, study every "physics for dummies" book there is, and watch a few thousand videos, to become an amateur physicist.

[@logex621]

@@victorrutledge257is that such a bad thing?

[@richardpelto9099]

I’m just another Chuck…hanging out with my friends

[@ridvan6508]

@@victorrutledge257It’s a fair way to get knowledge. 🤷🏻‍♂️

[@swordwhale1]

Lord Nice is awesome...live long and prosper.

[@brozbro]

When Chuck is on Comedy Central, Neil should join him onstage with interesting scientific facts.

[@ogelsmogel]

Sounds like fun, but I suspect Neil would take over the show (nothing wrong with that, it's his personality, but maybe not so fun for Chuck).

[@iohio8677]

Nope.

[@linyenchin6773]

​@@ogelsmogel correct; Tyson is a mama.

[@ogelsmogel]

@@linyenchin6773 A mama?

[@ithinkthonkthunk5333]

Ask Neil for the difference between a scientific theory & the colloquial use of the word theory. Im not sure he even knows. You see…he is a true pseudoscientist, he asserts many things claiming science that are simply not scientific.

[@Steve-hu8px]

Don’t get me wrong, I LOVE science, and I can watch dry science material alllll day, but the addition of Chuck as the comic relief just absolutely MAKES this show. And now he’s basically an expert himself lol. Just goes to show that the people you surround yourself with makes a HUGE difference in your own life. So, thank you Neil and thank you Chuck for making the BEST duo on the internet. Absolutely LOVE watching you guys. Keep it up! ❤

[@joshuaperrine2019]

Chuck Nice is on fire this episode; nonstop laughs! Thank you!! ❤❤❤

[@metallinguist]

Chuck always rocks it!

[@jasmined4973]

This is my favorite format. When they’re in person together. Talking about cool science stuff I would never understand if it weren’t for them 😂

[@michaelccopelandsr7120]

Neil and Chuck for 2024!

[@nyreekrikorian]

Anyone else besides JB and DT for 2024!

[@BlackandWhitecustoms]

No Jesse Ventura and Alex jones 😂

[@cheapskatepanic]

He can give "State of the universe" addresses.

[@tyrant_hermit]

Your cooking

[@jcmn02]

You have something here

[@lemongavine]

Need a follow up to that quark question after Neil talks to his people

[@carlaharrison2692]

Absolutely!

[@Bostonmerch]

Having Chuck is great. The comedy and exchanges really keep us engaged and make the topics fun. Thank you for all that you both do! I truly hope there even one person that has listened to you, was encouraged, and ultimately solved an unknown or some other way added value to humanity.

[@GioYoLOL]

I agree completely!!! 😂

[@showbizz7539]

That was awesome to see him hear a question, and end up answering with, "I have to talk to some people about this"

[@michael-4k4000]

he should answer that way more often.

[@Kinzarr4ever]

Professional chef here: The secret to any good restaurant dish is the follwing: Many years of training and experience, on the job and sometimes in culinary school; Many hours , possibly days, of trial and error, refining, and taking notes A lot of knowledge and tradition passed on through the generations (The famous Newton quote applies: "If I see further than others have before, it is only because i stand on the shoulders of giants.") Hours and hours of prep and hard work by the a collection of people; for example, the farmer who raised a cow, the butcher who processed the meat, and depending on the situation, day shift may have spent hours doing preparation before whoever cooks it for the customer gets their hands on it. Things might have to marinade for hours, or be partially pre-cooked, and even just things like portioning and measuring ahead of time can make a huge difference and is often done during the day before the resaturant opens / gets busy. And last but not least, perhaps the most important 'secret' to great food: Quality ingredients (and uusually lots and lots of butter) It's quite possible there's something I forgot to mention but the point is, it takes a team and a lot of intermediate steps and all of them are important :)

[@janwoodward7360]

And butter!🎉

[@craigb8228]

And a good sauce. Condiments Win.

[@rlems4772]

I like this so much, amazed by Neal and hillarius humor from Chuck,even here in Amsterdam!!

[@shavoshaco2402]

What does being in Amsterdam have to do with how funny they are

[@rlems4772]

Becouse i am proud hangjas!!@@shavoshaco2402

[@SP7000SP]

@@shavoshaco2402because different countries have different humor….

[@environmentalcanadian2338]

To answer your question Neil, I live in London Ontario Canada. It is an actual place. My London is called "The Forest City" because of our beautiful trees. It is located at the forks of the Thames River (just like London England is at the forks of their Thames river). I'm a big fan. Peace, Calvin.

[@ZenRyoku]

19:57 that could only happen if expansion travels faster than the speed of light

[@Curly4000]

I’ve partied a lot in London and not once I heard it be called that lol I live just outside of brantford lol

[@craigbalfour7749]

@@Curly4000It’s been called The Forest City for many many years. I grew up there in the 70’s.

[@s.h.7843]

London Ontario FTW

[@GioYoLOL]

I've been wanting to move to London Ontario from Pennsylvania USA for many years!!!! It looks like such a nice place and it's not as big as having to live in Toronto.

[@BlackThorn1776]

I'm 38 and i've always wanted to meet Neil. Over the years, the reasons change. Now, I just want to shake the man's hand and say thank you.

[@kccreationsgaming]

I show up for the science, and stay for Cajun James Brown 🤣

[@alanbradford3130]

Such a fundamental thing is the speed of light, and until I watched this episode, I never knew how it was calculated. Thanks Dr. Tyson for explaining this!

[@monza8844]

I have respect for your guys, you make science approachable to anyone, keep up the good work!

[@brianlazar]

When my daughter was in her toddler years, we would watch Cosmos so she could take a nap. It's not that the show was boring, in fact it was and still is amazing. The main reason is that Dr. Tyson's voice is so soothing that it would relax her enough for her to fall asleep. Thank you for being you and saving my sanity in 2015 through 2017.

[@GioYoLOL]

I feel this although my boys are no longer babies. ❤

[@bertdemeulemeester]

Chuck has leveled up soo much over the years that I am inclined to vote for giving him the title of science communicator.

[@tmeyer2022]

Justin Elmer Wilson was a Southern American chef and humorist known for his brand of Cajun-inspired cuisine, humor and storytelling. Justin is famous for the catchphrase "I Garontee" and "How Yall Are". He passed away in 2001

[@kathleenr4047]

I learned this about quarks when I read Neil's book "Astrophysics for People in a Hurry." --- I learned a lot of stuff from reading that book. 😃👍

[@petert834]

You guys went from Cajun James Brown straight to the age of the universe. This is why I love StarTalk.

[@whiteycat615]

Basically, Chuck had turned this series into a science comedy show. Love it

[@michael-4k4000]

Scientology is no joke.....

[@curtislaster2160]

Justin Wilson...cajun chef😂

[@rickeyparker8367]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/m3yXpqCIgq-fqNUsi=GcM009AXoL8xLXqP

[@hondo190]

Interestingly the quark part also could work for the big rip. Creating infinite quarks in the final step or using up so much energy stoping the expansion.

[@CissPeach]

Chuck did not miss once during this episode 🤣

[@theswiv]

Love listening to you two gentlemen chatting. Rational and calming

[@candelarioornelas6291]

Infinite quarks would only be feasible if there was infinite energy to create them.

[@joshuacohen3789]

Cajun James Brown was priceless 😂😂

[@kronoscamron7412]

You gotta love this man, eloquent, humble and intelligent .

[@humanform5354]

Glad I saved this episode for the weekend. I can watch and fully enjoy now that I'm well rested.

[@grierwillis5045]

Neil and Chuck! Genius and comedy from both!

[@donaldsmith8648]

Chuck is Fracking hilarious 😆

[@CharlesSagan1]

Chapter regarding Quarks is absolutely incredible 👏

[@zohaibs761]

Your humour in discussing topics of such depth and intellect keeps me sane and light-hearted guys. Thanks for another podcast.

[@korstmahler]

I love when a question doesn't have a good answer. That means it's still out there to discover.

[@atticuswalker]

it means the answer is wrong. like why is the sky blue. they say light scatters. but that's not a good answer.

[@korstmahler]

@@atticuswalker Within context I mean that when a question is hard to answer or seems to give rise to a contradiction, that's where science is most interesting. Resolving contradiction through improved and revised understanding is the core of science as a process. That said, here's a little about wavelengths of light and how they act in collision with atmospheric molecules. Rayleigh scattering is the name for the specific effect primarily attributed with filtering the wavelengths longer than blue. There are also other named scattering condition-effects which create grey, red and other colors. The answer is not merely that "light scatters", but that wavelengths of light interact with our planet in a million subtle ways that alter how that light enters our eyes.

[@atticuswalker]

@@korstmahler not a good answer. but it supports the concensus belief. so it becomes part of the faith. however I have studied the theory of light scattering on particles. as a reason. and find it contradicts itself. requires more theory that dosent fit. excuses dressed as reason using description of observation as evidence of theory. but no proof. I have a theory that makes sence and fits without contradiction. scientists won't even look at it. because of their beliefs.

[@atticuswalker]

@@korstmahler the only hard question to answer is how could I. with no training . get the results and understanding of the things that intrest scientists because of the contradiction to concensus. without being able to convince a scientist to have intrest in my lack of contradiction to my theory.

[@atticuswalker]

@@korstmahler not one person who could. will even try. because they can't believe I could be right. or they are afraid I am. not good reasons.

[@Chris_Rybowski]

28:00 Yes, there is a London, Ontario. Source: I live here :)

[@devlinthornicroft9975]

London, England here. Hello!

[@EmpyreanLightASMR]

19:40 awesome. I asked that question (sans the expansion part) on a physics forum a couple years back. I can't wait to hear this answer

[@sarahdickerson9068]

Cosmic queries is ABSOLUTELY my favorite series.

[@JonS0107]

Justin Elmer Wilson was a Southern American chef and humorist known for his brand of Cajun-inspired cuisine, humor and storytelling. A friend of mine did his doctoral thesis on his dialect. I gar-on-tee.

[@JungleJargon]

Where are you getting the energy to separate quarks an infinite amount of times?

[@vonpire]

Gravity

[@JungleJargon]

@@vonpire You can’t have gravity without mass and it’s not infinite energy even with mass.

[@nezbit10301]

Respect to the Gods bringing science to those who look like them as well as those who don’t. Thanks.

[@soniamccoon2185]

I really loved this episode. Laughing and learning helps to remember the things better

[@MrPeterson74]

That was Justin Wilson. Not Paul Perdauxm

[@peakrider4886]

Some great questions today, and I love the humour you bring to the show. Makes it a pleasure to watch.

[@aaronbailey9454]

Fun Fact: The positron is what makes PET imaging possible. When it collides with an electron causing an annihilation reaction releasing 511keV of energy at opposite directions and that’s what’s being detected by the camera from the radiopharmaceutical within the patient’s body.

[@karlgoebeler1500]

Intro sounded like Deep Space 9 Quark you there ??

[@HandMeDeals]

1st rule of acquisition: dont ask for Quark without gold pressed latinum in hand.

[@karlgoebeler1500]

@@HandMeDeals LOL

[@Azureathon]

I was actually comment number 89 which is Actinium (Ac), with the atomic number 89, is a silvery-colored radioactive metal. It belongs to the actinide group in the periodic table. Here are some key details about actinium: Symbol: Ac Atomic Number: 89 Melting Point: 1050°C (1922°F, 1323 K) Boiling Point: 3200°C (5792°F, 3473 K) Density: 10 g/cm³ Electron Configuration: [Rn] 6d¹ 7s² Appearance: Actinium is a soft, silvery-white metal. Biological Role: Actinium’s role in humans, animals, and plants is not well-defined. Natural Abundance: It is relatively rare in nature. Uses: Actinium is a source of alpha radiation and is used in scientific research and nuclear applications. The name “actinium” is derived from the Greek word “actinos,” meaning a ray, reflecting its radioactivity. It was first isolated in 1902 by Friedrich Oskar Giesel and is an essential element in the study of nuclear physics and radioactivity 1234. 🌟🔬

[@keithnance4209]

I love this show! Chuck is the best co-host 🤣🤣

[@Joey-vw1id]

Great video Neil and Chuck. I'm a new subscriber and have been binge watching your videos for a few weeks and I'm hooked! Just have to say that I'm impressed how the two of you make science fun. This is a wonderful way to bring more youth to the wonders of science. Thanks for everything you guys do for the community. Looking forward to the next video. Have a wonderful day/night.

[@EliteWalkThroughs]

Neil should be the president.

[@masonkeener4778]

Wouldn’t that be cool

[@dongpedroyi]

I believe it is not in the interest of those who actually pull the strings behinds the scenes to have someone too smart as president. The president is just a puppet. The moment people realise that could be a tipping point of modern civilization.

[@MerlinsDrAgon]

Neil being okay with the unit of ‘hands’ roughly/maybe/somewhat being a legitimate system of measurement truly scares me

[@uofajoe99]

Yeah it be crazy if they based measurements off something arbitrary like hands or FEET

[@MerlinsDrAgon]

@@uofajoe99 Or ‘Shackles’ and ‘Chains’? Jeez when America left Britain they basically left behind everything except the most dumb idea. France nailed it.

[@macysondheim]

@@MerlinsDrAgonIf you’re scared go to church, this is StarTalk

[@VabellaBeauty]

Neil is a genius I’m sure he has his reasons

[@MerlinsDrAgon]

@@macysondheim It scares me to see someone who’s trained in large numbers and to high level accuracy of measurement seemingly forget it all in a heartbeat for a nostalgic joke of a unit. You’re a friendly one though, I enjoy it.

[@ParanormalHorrorArtist]

I literally cried from laughter. Love these guys.

[@sekaramochi]

12:40 and the countdown clock from countdown. If you but know what we're talking about as Neil said ' do the research ' pure love guys and please please please never stop ♥️

[@Znxjsjnsdn]

Astrology is real! Y’all are sheep if you don’t believe.

[@gregoryo8105]

I AM GOING TO VOTE FOR JOE BIDEN !!!!

[@ashleyvisconti7952]

I was at your lecture on the 20th @ Beacon Theater. I was in line and kept waving at you and had an actual space question vs the menial questions they were asking. I guess I'll have to try and catch you next time. Bc I have 3 specific questions that I would love to get your genius on these. I did get 2 of the signed books while there. I'm looking forward to reading it.

[@imdiyu]

The question about quarks had Neil baffled. That's a good question. Eagerly waiting for an update on that.

[@robertwhitephotography]

Thanks for bringing some education and humor into my evening... much needed !!

[@meckerhesseausfrankfurt4019]

I am always amazed how intelligent and well-read Chuck Nice's humor is. Every episode is full of golden nuggets like "Hydra-Quark".

[@JohnCarltonMusic]

Neil - I hope you follow up on the infinite quark question and make a video based on what you hear from your colleagues! That was a really good question!

[@generalmoord7022]

So glad I came across this ❤️

[@popularopinion2181]

I love this series!

[@ngnatural]

THIS IS SUCH A GOOD SHOW

[@invisionmedia6522]

for the love of god can we get an entire episode of chuck doing the cajun accent

[@articulate_monkey]

Always love watching Sheldon and Penny talk about science.

[@eugecopaev3934]

The first 5 min of your shows are too funny! You guys are a couple of goofs😂 I'm at least 10% happier after watching/listening to your videos/podcasts or whatever ever it's called these days. Keep up the great work! Eug

[@F_L_U_X]

Back about 4 years ago when I started watching StarTalk, I didn't like Chuck for some reason. He's grown on me and he's my favorite now... 😊❤️

[@SRQGuitarGuy]

If I only had the amount of knowledge that is in Neil's little finger, I would be happy! So amazed!

[@TheOldHippiebilly]

Justin Wilson was the Cajun Chef on TV. Love ya'll! ❤

[@alexb141]

Doc is correct, from Brittanica -'hand, ancient unit of length, now standardized at 4 inches (10.16 cm) and used today primarily for measuring the height of horses from the ground to the withers (top of the shoulders). The unit was originally defined as the breadth of the palm including the thumb.'

[@dragonrider4339]

wow that quark question and answer was very interesting.

[@helpus1456]

You guys make me feel smart just by watching. Really enjoy the show.

[@jameswaweru4063]

You got a gang on your side😂 me too.

[@user-kw5qf9bw4k]

Justin Wilson was a great comic (I GARantee) and was later known as a good chief, he passed away in 01. I enjoy your shows

[@lytaylor1204]

I'm listening to this at work right now. And do you know how hard it is to try to laugh very quietly? 😂😂😂

[@jtgullickson6117]

Chuck Nice you sir are a rockstar 🔥. Love from 🇨🇦

[@mahabubajannathashi1199]

I can watch them all day😂

[@GammaFields]

Thank you for another great episode!

[@BishnuDhungana-qg4ic]

first time neil says i dont have answers. good questions😁😁

[@StoneCold-Stutter]

Appreciate you sharing this knowledge and doing it in a entertaining way

[@pamelacollins1153]

More about quarks and black holes, please!

[@FunDownSouth]

You guys owe a dedicated video to answering the quarks in a black hole question.

[@AmazingMissKass]

I've always loved Chuck so I liked hiring of his background for a hot second. Then I learned we have the same birthday! That is just a date that creates awesomeness I am convinced

[@davidva8694]

I do like this episode. I’ve thought some of the same questions after watching Dr. Tyson or one of his contemporaries.

[@XVIIsionsProductions]

Grab bag cosmic queries are my favorite, hands down.

[@HOLLYWOODUNAPOLOGETIC]

"The James Brown of cooking shows." DAH HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA! Brilliant!

[@Grumhead]

You two uncensored! Great

[@tj1156]

About the quarks issue... wouldn't you not have to worry about it because nothing can escape a black hole?

[@user-bb6kr2hu7y]

The quark run away sounds like a big bang waiting to happen to me.

[@JaredFarrer]

Thanx for all you do guys I hope your getting paid for it

[@user-jx8go6hi8i]

😂 Sir Terry Pratchett has wonderful books about flat celestial bodies - Discworld. I remember when I saw Startalk Radio on KZbin and so glad you fellas are still here also.

[@hnihsan]

this is so fun and mindblowing knowledge for me 🤣 best duo!

[@botgang5092]

Can’t wait to see visuals behind these concepts

[@smartbutuneducated8637]

Nice episode. A couple questions that challenge perception and translation. Speed of light and time. Neil said time is now independent of earth and rotation of said planet based on the atomic clock. I agree but why is it not mentioned that it is dependent on the density of space time at more of less the surface of the earth? If the fabric of everything is space time fabric we tend to question it has different densities. With different experiences of time itself and velocity is a function of time (duration) then would not the speed of light be variable based on the density of space time fabric? Also we tend to link all things to the speed of light like the meter you said? Why is the limitations of the human eye not respected by the lumping together of all wavelengths?