Things You Thought You Knew - The Karman Line, LED Bulbs, and Banking Turns with Neil deGrasse Tyson

[@StarTalk]

If you have a barometer in your phone, you can download an app to check the atmospheric pressure at different heights! Try it out; what do you find?

[@lobsterspijkenisse]

can absolute 0 freeze light ?

[@Sammasambuddha]

@lobsterspijkenisse If it could we'd never know. Neil has said before absolute zero can't be reached.

[@jonathanvandagriff7515]

​@@lobsterspijkenisseThats a really good question

[@MrPAULONEAL]

@@lobsterspijkenisse At absolute zero all movement ceases.

[@Wakaflockaflank]

As far as I understand it, absolute zero cannot be MEASURED. Because if you measured it you would need a device that was also at absolute zero. Otherwise it would transfer heat instantly. Not sure if that’s true

[@tmblackcode]

I'm so glad Chuck is a part of this show, he's hilarious.

[@koreyhelms6857]

Facts

[@mongenjeff]

he looks a bit out of it today...

[@zackerymeltonturdle5648]

And what's great is he's even more hilarious when he's not censored, he's not even being as funny as he can be.

[@northuniverse]

Well what else would I have done with my mask? 😆

[@larryfriedlander7000]

And I was thinking the opposite! He's so unfunny and Neil erupts on laughter? Really? Just talk science please!

[@NavaLene]

I’m obsessed with Neil deGrasse Tyson like I can watch him all day Let me paraphrase because “it’s creepy”: I find Neil deGrasse Tyson an awesome American astrophysicist, his intelligence is fascinating

[@michaelccopelandsr7120]

Welcome to our StarTalk world. You're one of us now. ;-P

[@spidersmining20]

Literally am the exact same lol!

[@NunoLeitaoTheEpiq]

I actually take eeeks in a row from video to video hearing during his yt videos

[@hamiljohn]

Chuck is the 💣

[@Sammasambuddha]

You all sound creepers. Neil, call the cops, stalkers be stalkin!

[@kirkwagner461]

Aircraft turning/banking. A nearly standard instrument in most airplanes (not just big airliners) is the "Turn and Slip indicator." It takes several forms, but its basic purpose is to give the pilot a visual indication of exactly what Neil is talking about. A good pilot, by paying attention to that instrument, can make turns nearly imperceptible. The advance in recent years is that the autopiloting systems have become VERY good at this, and that most airliners are now being flown by autopiloting systems for the majority of the flight.

[@BeamMonsterZeus]

Some video games with aircraft have those. ArmA 2 and 3 have very decent versions

[@jamesboon6530]

This shows what can be done by a skilled pilot: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jGrTp3qVj7ihecU

[@TheLunakore]

Niel has changed my life, I have started using his responses on topics such as "Actually according to Neil DeGrass Tyson" In a very similar way many people used to and still do make statements like "You know on Mythbusters..." I love this jaw dropping level of awe everytime I watch you speak, Please keep breaking the walls we cannot see!

[@Look_At_My_Picture.]

Neil is the light in the darkness of ignorance.

[@mattgraham5992]

Same but my wife makes fun of me for quoting him so often. My favorite “the universe is statistical but humans are prejudicial”. Explains a lot. He put my philosophy in such easy to understand words.

[@davidsasse40]

It can be done without a computer. Airplanes have a curved bubble level and if you bank and turn (yaw) keeps the bubble level then the turning force is realized as straight down in reference to the airframe. Keep the bubble level is called a coordonated turn.

[@bartowsanta6313]

Step on the ball to keep the turn coordinated.

[@nickd4104]

Yes. Neil is an Astrophysicist, not a pilot or Aerodynamist. It's a shame he talks so definitely about flying when it's beyond his actual knowledge

[@oohhboy-funhouse]

Pilots are trained to do these turns without any instrumentation other than looking outside as a basic skill.

[@Chris-hx3om]

Gliders have an expensive equivalent called a slip gauge. It's a short length of wool taped to the outside of the canopy. Keep the wool pointing straight up the canopy and it's a coordinated turn.

[@arubaguy2733]

@@nickd4104 I've found a few instances in which Neil is dead wrong...but VERY few.

[@TrondBrgeKrokli]

Thanks again to Chuck for those additional mental images. I find that it helps a lot when digesting the factual information. Thank you also to Neil deGrasse Tyson for the straight-up facts. Thank you as well to anyone else involved in creating this episode. Good job and well done. All the best to all of you.

[@connorstarnes2895]

and of course thank you science

[@timjagoe9378]

Chuck knows his stuff.

[@englewoodmusic]

Neil was AMAZING on C N N last night! 👏 Hey Neil... are there more leaves or ants on Earth?

[@ScrubDusters]

I didn’t see it gonna check it out

[@fizzy1922]

Was fun to watch

[@cosmicking6209]

The only time Neil is not amazin is on Joe Rogan

[@AdamCharlton]

Neil thought he knew about the proxy war in Ukrainian

[@duanehastrich8682]

I wish that I could have seen it.

[@pixledriven]

I don't think I'm the only one that would watch a whole video of Neil telling Chuck all 10+ ways to define where space starts

[@ChadwickNHill]

I am a huge fan of Neil deGrasse Tyson's Startalk podcast. I love how he makes science accessible and engaging, and I always learn something new from his interviews with experts from all over the world. However, I really enjoy the show when Chuck Nice is his co-host. Chuck is funny, practical, and he injects humor into the conversation in a way that helps some of the guests relax and be more open. I think Chuck is a great addition to the show, and I hope he continues to be a regular co-host for many years to come.

[@joanfregapane8683]

Chuck is like a brighter ‘me’. He knows a fair amount but asks the questions that I have as well. They’re a great combo.

[@dclamp123]

One of the coolest, most fun, and informative episodes, and that's saying something. Thank you both for this entire series.

[@indyola1]

Two items on the LED segment: Most LED white household bulbs are not using red, green and blue LEDs. They could, but this tends to be less efficient. They use a single LED in the blue range and a chemical phosphor coating that absorbs a bunch of that (high frequency) blue light and glows with a (lower frequency) yellow light. When a human eye sees blue+yellow light, it is perceived as white, even though there is no green or blue in it. Secondly, I believe that the glowing of the black light posters is not due to phosphorescence, but to fluorescence.

[@polekat2079]

You seem very knowledgeable about LEDs...he said LEDs don't get hot but my LED hunting lights get very hot so curious if you knew what the difference is

[@chiamarc]

The diodes themselves don't emit heat but you're still passing electricity into the device. The base of the LED bulb acts as a heat sink and allows the surface of the bulb to maintain a safe temperature. However, if the components are not adequately ventilated, it will produce more heat output. And yes the correct term is phosphorescence. The lamp is fluorescent but the reflected light is coming from the phosphors in the coating of the object.

[@polekat2079]

Thanks man . nice explanation

[@Stefan-mg5gl]

​@@polekat2079you got cheap copies telling them to be L.E.D.s but aren't - and/or your L.E.D.s are not properly installed thus the connections heat up.

[@GeorgeVCohea-dw7ou]

This makes total sense why blue LEDs were becoming ubiquitous and obnoxiously brighter and brighter as the millennium progressed. They were trying to get as many production lines open and cost cutting as much as possible.

[@gsxr1kmatt]

As a pilot the airplane bit drove me nuts. I can do this without an auto pilot. It’s called coordination. Gravity should always feel straight towards the bottom of the aircraft for the contents of the aircraft. I’d be happy to give either of you guys a flight lesson (I’ll even cover the cost of the plane) to demonstrate how this works.

[@solomongrundy6806]

It seems to me that perhaps you misunderstood the message of the lesson. This is an explanation of why the water doesn't tilt. When he talked about the precision to reliably doing that without the judgement of the pilot he was explaining how a computer can reliably do that. At no point he said "No pilot on the face on earth can do this". I don't understand why you took it personal?

[@gsxr1kmatt]

​@@solomongrundy6806 He literally says "I don't think humans have this ability" (27:45) It's one of the first things I teach student pilots. Also, this has more to do with the fact that the plane / pilot make the relative force of gravity APPEAR to be straight down from the perspective of the passenger by balancing the centrifugal force of the turn with earth's gravity.

[@Lauragraceabels]

I have a New understanding of the concern over the Chinese spy balloon street

[@adamweah8037]

Hi Laura , Are you an Expert Advisor ? i just went through your channel.What are you into

[@Lauragraceabels]

@@adamweah8037 Yes i am , You can read and get to know more about me on google,my certifications are up there

[@floydchusset3143]

@@Lauragraceabels am glad i came across this comment ,l got into the trading market couple of months ago and ever since i began i havent been profitable in my trade because i have been working with only my knowledge . Economists and business leaders were voicing concerns at the start of 2023 that the year could be a difficult one. JPMorgan Chase & Co. Chief Executive Jamie Dimon said that the Federal Reserve may need to raise interest rates to 6% to fight inflation, higher than the peak level between 5% and 5.5% in 2023 that most Fed officials penciled in after their December meeting. Although I read an article of people that grossed profits up to $500k during this crash, what are the best stocks to buy/short now or put on a watchlist.

[@michelleabraham1732]

@@floydchusset3143 Thank you for this Pointer. It was easy to find her handler , She appears to be a true authority in her profession. I looked her up online and found her website, which I browsed and went through to learn more about her credentials, academic background, and career. She owes me a fiduciary duty to act in my best interests. I set up an appointment to use her services

[@christophermcmichael880]

Niel was describing on a plane turning Is called a coordinated turn. You can achieve that without out a computer by using rudder and a little bit of up elevator to accomplish a coordinated turn of an airplane. If you just use the wings ailerons and a little up elevator, you're now into what is called an uncoordinated turn and that's when you will feel and see the water in the glass shift to one side or the other. You need to fly the tail of the aircraft around to follow the nose of the plane. An uncoordinated turn is called a slipping turn and that could result into a wing stall on your up hill wing.

[@vicsardou9654]

He's told this anecdote before and people have tried to correct him that pilots accomplish this all the time without a computer. Don't know if these comments ever get to him. Great explanation. Thank you.

[@christophermcmichael880]

@@vicsardou9654 Yeah. I remember at least one other time he did and I made somewhat of a similar comment on that one as well. I don't think he does. I'm thinking he my get more from his Patreon viewers then from here.

[@denverbraughler3948]

Downvote the videos where he gets it wrong.

[@taruss2000]

One could also point out that there are pre-computer instruments to assist pilots in flying coordinated turns such as Turn-And-Bank indicators or Turn-Coordinators.

[@DB-rg2dk]

Been a pilot for 25 years, the bank angle of any turn is not a function of speed, a standard turn, is just slightly less than 30 degrees. Now the radius of said turn is a function of speed. Yes the computer autopilot system does all the axis inputs needed for a coordinated turn, hence very little felt by passengers and water cup does as he describes

[@ginamcdonald7854]

I always learn something new every time I watch an episode. Today, while listening, I was driving in my car, while Neil was explaining the turns of the airplane, and while I was making turns in my vehicle, I was leaning to the left or the right. Always very interesting, thanks for doing these!

[@lonniehutchinson4310]

LEDs actually do produce a fair amount of heat….which is why LED lightbulbs have a big finned heat sink for a base. Like Neil said, it’s an order of magnitude less than an equally bright incandescent, but it is still an issue as it limits LED density, packaging options, etc.

[@CookieTube]

Yeah, his whole explanation about LEDS is wrong. That is, maybe 10% of it was correct. This isn't the first time he tries to explain things (mostly by dumbing down the science) and gets it wrong in the process.

[@Rynas]

@@CookieTube it depends on how you look at it. It is not the light emitting part of the LED that produces heat - at least not so much, that it matters in this context. But a LED works at, say, 1 volt, so to put it in a 120/220 Volt socket, you need some power transformation - and the electronics in that part of the LED bulb is what gets hot.

[@espresso4eva]

​​@@Rynasactualy the leds them self get hot as well, even more than the power supply. They are 15 to 25 percent efficient, meaning the rest is wasted on heat.

[@thompsrc]

CFL bases get very hot. They can cause a serious burn. Don't ask how I know.

[@Chrisx093]

I scream YESSS everytime i see chuck as co host! Always love the synergy you guy's create together ❤ 🙏🏼

[@Kindrick]

Star Trek uses force fields to hold the air in when they open bay doors, and Star Wars uses a similar concept, but they're using the ship's shields instead, because shields work differently between the two franchises. In Star Trek, the shield is a bubble some distance from the ship, but in Star Wars, the shield is usually hull-tight and functionally forms a seal over docking bays. The 2nd Death Star was a rare exception where it had a bubble shield, but that's because it was being projected onto it from Endor, rather than being generated by the Death Star itself.

[@SavageDarknessGames]

From the Forest Moon of Endor* Endor is a Gas Giant!

[@oldschoolman1444]

To much geeking for me! 😅

[@joekenorer]

Interesting thank you.

[@floris-janvandermeulen8054]

@@SavageDarknessGames If it’s a moon, what planet does it orbit?

[@SavageDarknessGames]

@@floris-janvandermeulen8054 a gas giant called Endor, people mistake the moon with the shield emitter for Endor. Think Io and Jupiter, if a shield array is on Io you wouldn't say it's from Jupiter.

[@feedingravens]

I heard a totally different definition of the Karman line (not: "when the sky gets black"), and it makes sense because Karman was an aerodynamicist: The higher you fly, the thinner the air, the faster the plane has to be to create enough lift. One knows the gradient of the atmopheric density and can calculate for a plane how much faster the plane has to fly with height - theoretically. And then Karman had a funny idea: when the plane has to fly faster and faster, at some point it must fly with orbital speed. And this height with this density is the famous Karman line, in about 100 km height.

[@SavageDarknessGames]

You are correct! That is the actual definition.

[@farhankhann952]

I love both of them I wish I got teacher like Tyson he explains most complicated topic in easiest way and in between I like when they laugh and fun😊♥️

[@vplaza73]

Chuck makes me laugh every episode and this one has got me literally rolling on the floor😂😂😂😂😂 You guys are the best! Thank you for everything!!

[@michael-4k4000]

Chuck ain't not no clown lol

[@LEDewey_MD]

Another side-splitting, ROFL, but informative, StarTalk episode!! And yes, the coolest rooms are lit with black light!!! 😂❤ Also just finished reading "Starry Messenger"! Highly recommend that everyone else read it! ❤

[@animisttoo3890]

Thanks for the fun episode, so I'll just add a couple bits. "Actually" in the winter when you are heating your house anyway, those incandescent light bulbs are actually almost 100% efficient use of energy, because the IR heat just helps your furnace a bit. LED's can have a downside, too, in making a less stable light if the power isn't phasing smoothly -- they pulse and waver more than the old fashioned ones under uneven voltages which are so common in public utility systems. Some people see it more than others. Also in those banked turns, if you were sitting on a sensitive scale, you would be able to tell you were banking because you would read as temporarily more heavy during the maneuvers. The gravity/centrifugal forces balance, but they also add by their trigonometric margins, so it pushes you downward into the seat a little harder. In many theme park roller coasters with a laterally balanced design, you can feel it more acutely. Have fun out there, and always remember to conserve your forces -- you may need them later :)

[@konstantinossfikas4201]

Battlestar Galactica (2004) was one of the most accurate shows about space flight mechanics. The dogfights were with kinetic energy weapons and taking advantage of the premise that with the use of booster rockets the fighters could change pitch, roll and yaw without changing direction of movement. In general, the science there was quite accurate. One of my all time favourite shows!

[@Sammasambuddha]

...except they never explain gravity working to keep them on the "floors" of their ships. Great show, but not "accurate" as you say. And how did Baltar and Six end up *alive* reading a newspaper over Ron Moore's shoulder at the end of the show? 'S'plain dat!

[@konstantinossfikas4201]

@@Sammasambuddha I said it was quite accurate - not perfectly accurate! Watching a sci-fi show you have to suspend your disbelief about a lot of things - like the artificial gravity, the FTL jumps etc and of course all the mystical parts of the plot. It was a great show however and quite more accurate than most - at least at its time.

[@Sammasambuddha]

@Konstantinos Sfikas ..."most accurate..." you quoted first. BSG is the best Space Opera ever created. Quote me. Lol.

[@Ptaaruonn]

Babylon 5 too.

[@elizabetholiviaclark]

@@konstantinossfikas4201 One thing is certain to me. You guys are both better versed in sci-fi than am I, since my suspension of disbelief is largely restricted to the planet Vulcan and Mr. Spock.

[@AceSpadeThePikachu]

As someone who has only used LED light-bulbs for years, I can tell you that while none of them get hand-burning hot, some of them do warm up a little bit, mostly at the base where all the electric circuitry is. Because while LED emitters themselves don't radiate inferred, metal wires and sockets do, since all electrically conductive materials that aren't superconductors have imperfections in their latices that allow electrons to bounce around and table up, releasing energy in the form of heat as they do so. That's why computers need cooling fans to keep from overheating. On that note, would love to see an ex plainer on electric conductivity, semiconductors and resistors.

[@arubaguy2733]

The "always horizontal" effect is accomplished in light planes without computers. It's done with control inputs of ailerons and rudder and is called "coordinated turning". There is an instrument on the dash panel that shows whether you are coordinated or not and it's a simple ball in a curved tube that reacts to gravity (and centrifugal force) to keep "down" correct relative to the angle of the plane. A small plane can bank at 30 degrees off horizontal and still make you feel like down is toward the floor. It's quite amazing. However, your fluid-filled tubes in your ears are much more sensitive to motion changes (much like a solid-state accelerometer) and will register a turning sensation even though your body feels horizontal in a perfectly coordinated turn. You can always tell you're turning, even with your eyes closed.

[@williammenzel]

It is not correct that you can always tell you're turning, even in a coordinated turn. With your eyes closed, all you feel is 1G. You may feel the beginning of a turn or the return to straight and level flight (really just another 1G turn), but as long as you're in the turn, you can't be sure that you're turning. If you want this demonstrated and live in Central Wisconsin, I'd be happy to show you.

[@arubaguy2733]

@@williammenzel Thank you for responding.You present a compelling argument. I must clarify my closing statement thus: I can always tell I'm turning, even with my eyes closed. This ability is made possible by the proprioception system. My mistake in that it's not the eustacian tubes but rather the 3 inner ear canals of the vestibular system that act similarly to a gimbal-mounted gyroscope. It's these systems that work in conjunction with the brain to sense 3-dimensional position information.

[@brothermine2292]

The total force you feel during the banked turn is greater than 1G, for the same reason that the hypotenuse of a right triangle is longer than the triangle's other sides. The same "square root of the sum of squares" Pythagorean formula applies. The square root of [the square of 1G plus the square of the centrifugal force] is greater than 1G.

[@alexlail7481]

The one application for which incandescent light bulbs excel is preventing frozen pumps, tanks and plumbing for rural well houses... while there are definitely many other electric heating options but for overall safety and reliability a simple 100w light bulb is hard to beat, also if the well house has a window viewable from the house you can even verify function by sight. I know Neil and Chuck are from the city, so probably not familiar.

[@mukamuka0]

4:13 You CANNOT hold your breath if Airplane suddenly lose pressurization at high altitude... The air will be forces out of your lung. That's why we called it explosive decompression, powerful enough to rip airplane seat out of the floor in some case. That's not the force you can hold out, in most case you didn't even know it's coming. That's also why the instruction is to mask up yourself first because you will lose consciousness within 10-15 sec.

[@rickkwitkoski1976]

Oh no! The "dome" is holding in the air! Let's take some flerfs up to 10K meters ... and let them try to breathe.

[@traviscalvin431]

My grandfather always reminded me that with a 100w light bulb actually used at least 200w during the summer months because the air conditioner had to counteract the heat being generated by the light bulb. For what it's worth most household LED bulbs actually use either a blue LED or ultraviolet LED (cannot recall which) with a thin layer of phosphor which then glows white. The thickness of the phosphor dictates if it will be a cool or warm white. Someone that knows better can clarify.

[@bélalugrisi]

Very accurate! Blue dies coupled with orange phosphors can create a fairly good spectrum, but tend to be blue heavy and red deficient. Seoul Semiconductor is making a range of LED bulbs with a violet die and a different phosphor combination to produce a more natural spectrum with a 97 color rendering index. The product is called SunLike. Best to you, Travis!

[@1kyoman]

Thank you Neil for educating people like me and Chuck for your sense of humor and for making the show enjoyable.

[@user-harris]

I love your series. For the laughter, for the learning.

[@potawatomi100]

Neil, I must say I love your programs and appreciate the engaging, interesting and fun way you explain. I know your mentor was Carl Sagan, I'm a huge admirer of Dr. Sagan, but you deserve an applause for the outstanding job you do carrying-on his legacy. Like Isaac Asimov, you too are the great explainer. I always watch your programs and write copious notes to advance my knowledge. Also, I like that Chuck partakes in your programs. Sometimes his comic relief is spot-on, other times is like...."Enough already!"

[@hedonepicurea4327]

Happy to see this. More people need to learn physics. China has child influencers teaching kids physics on social media and tv. You guys are a benefit to society. Though I already know physics, it's still fun to review subjects I don't use today in my activities. Thanks guys!

[@BariumCobaltNitrog3n]

China is communist so everyone has to play a part for the group to succeed. Communism is what they are referring to when they say it takes a village. But if a rocket goes sideways, so does the village. Hundreds killed watching rocket launch, village goes missing.

[@Artur-Drago_Nickt]

I'm former glider pilot from Poland. The first thing we have learned on glider course, was not to belive your sense of balance. Because of different forces acting on the glider as well on the pilot . When you can see the horizon you can determine what is horizontal level, if you ar tilted to one side or not. In case of non visible flight, you have to rely on instruments, turn and slip indicator. The slip indicator is kind of vial but with curved shape . This vial shows the resultant force combined of gravity, and circular move if ball (it replaces the bubble in standard vials) is in center and turnmeter is on zero it mean you flight straight. If vial is not in centre you have to correct your tilt or turn speed, usually it was accessible to human beings to keep it in the middle. This item on glider's dashboard (and it also appears in early planes before inventing of artifical horizon - attitude coordinator ) works the same way as fluid in your glass. I don't know how in line aircrafts, but in small planes there still vial is present, it needs no batteries. And flying over hilly terrain can also give you some surprises about finding horizontal level in longitudinal axis. (Do not believe your eyes) So pilots do not need computers to keep drinks in glasses, they need vial. However autopilot needs computer. See ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turn_and_slip_indicator) Anyhow - I love your channel, keep publishing.👍

[@sapelesteve]

Another excellent explainer video Neil & Chuck! I must admit that I never heard of the Karman Line before now. Always learning new info from Neil! Thanks... 👍👍

[@Mrhorsiie]

I love how chuck is learning so much and when he remembers something he's learnt along the way he enjoys sharing it.. Clever dudes! Love the show nice work

[@buzbuz33-99]

Entertaining and informative as always! Regarding why your glass of water remains level in a turn, I would encourage you to take a flying lesson. Not only will it be fun, but you will quickly learn that a computer is not required to pull off that trick. (And I think that also would make for a very entertaining video - especially if you take Chuck along)

[@Nerb1]

BTW, pilots can keep a bank balanced by looking at an instrument called the ball. It rolls in a semi-circular tube. And the bigger the plane, the smoother the turn will be. But besides that, I think you will find that a pilot can do it by the seat of their pants. Also, I have stuck a cup to the tank of my motorbike and ridden around a roundabout until scraping the pegs without the water in the cup spilling.

[@LumenCache]

Great to have Neil and Chuck discuss the reason LED Lights happened. The industry is about to change again because that color temperature can be adjusted and every new home can have it for the same price it uses to cost for AC lights. There's a topic: nothing modern uses AC power internally.

[@arnoschaefer28]

Yet AC is still best for transmission, because it is much easier to transform it to a different voltage than DC.

[@stevelowe2315]

It's nice to have this show with a man who isn't full of himself to explain things in basic conversation although I will say it is funny to watch sometimes because sometimes Chuck looks lost and then gets it and is grateful and took his beautiful teeth.

[@juliam7056]

You guys are the BEST! Don't stop making this amazing content !!!

[@hunterofendermen367]

@10:20 This is why Star Trek Insurrection was one of my favorite movies bc of the way Geordi La Forge sees sunsets on Earth with his visor, he sees them differently, and although still beautiful, it's not the same the way everyone else sees them and when he was on the planet the Bakuul lived on in the Briar patch, his eyes started to regenerate and he no longer needed his visors and since the planet had a similar sun that Earth had, he was able to view a sunset the way everyone else had for the first time in his life. And seeing his eyes tear up always made me cry immensely

[@sekaramochi]

Pure love amazing video as always. Love you Neil and chuck Please please please never stop ❤️

[@maryellencook9528]

I wish these two gentlemen had a regular television show vs the pablum we see on network TV. They are entertaining and educational at the same time.

[@nemethzsigmond4548]

Best opening? What you don't know? Love NDT, even better when he say I don't even know the right question.

[@SavageDarknessGames]

and a lot of times, doesn't know the right answer.

[@nemethzsigmond4548]

@@SavageDarknessGames Me neither, but he is not too shy to say I DON'T F KNOW

[@tahntongkfen1360]

Way to go Chuck! Pretending you haven’t heard even the stuff you’ve heard multiple times (like the banking airplane ✈️ explainer). I think this helps keeps viewers engaged and listening.

[@Wabwirejr]

For me it's things I didn't know I didn't know 😂

[@petersage5157]

You can't know what you don't know until there's a "That's odd" moment. This is where scientists love to be.

[@DanceBeforeTheStorm_]

The most interesting stuff is the one we never knew we didn't know 😁

[@flyingark173]

I am honestly flabbergasted that the esteemed Dr.Tyson did not mention that the rudder of an airplane is solely responsible for the fact that the drink never sloshes around. It's not just banking that is responsible for the stability of the drink. It's actually the yaw axis that is responsible for lateral movement and airplanes use something called a yaw damper that is really responsible for the drink remaining stable. I'm very surprised that he didn't address that in this video Edit: People can do this without the aid of a computer

[@redmatrix]

He also said that he didn't do any research on it, he just assumed the computers making the plane bank was (solely) responsible.

[@joekenorer]

I think he was just making a layman's observation.

[@williammenzel]

Yaw dampers have nothing to do with this. I fly a single engine Piper with no need for a yaw damper, and if I fly a coordinated turn--which I normally do--, no drink will ever slosh. Unless, of course, I hit turbulence.

[@flyingark173]

@@williammenzel Yaw dampers are what help make coordinated turns on a commercial jet. Not a single engine prop plane where you just use the rudder to accomplish what a yaw damper does on a commercial jet. It's the same thing

[@BaffiCatenaCanotta]

Chuck episodes are the best ones!

[@michaelccopelandsr7120]

Neil and Chuck for 2024

[@victordeleon6939]

The only thing higher then the space station is Chuck!! I love watching you guys.

[@sherrynight]

Can y'all go watch someone else please? 'cause Neil deGrasse Tyson is MY personal astrophysicist, he said so himself! ✨💛

[@AlexA-nd3yy]

Hopefully somewhere without Chuck!

[@LarryAllenTonar]

Neil, you're mostly wrong about how we get "white" light from LED's. Although there are RGB (and RGBW) LEDs, most "white" LEDs are Blue LED's encapsulated in a silicone glue gel with fluorescent chemicals mixed in so the emitted ligtt looks "white". Also, LEDs do emit heat (plus conduct and convect if in a fluid). Older red LEDs resisted the current making them glow with a voltage drop of about 2.1V (Volts). Green and Blue LEDs need about 3V (volts). The more current, the brighter the LED (until pfft -- burned-up LED). The voltage drop would increased a bit, too. Consider driving a Blue RED with 20 mA (milli Ampures). The LED is offering resistance to show the needed voltage drop, heating up the LED material (or pfft). The heat power (P=IE) is 0.020A x 3V = 0.060W, which can usually just conduct away through the wires, the rest being convected and emitted. However, 5W LEDs are now common, needing over 80 times the current and heat sinkage -- heating up the flashlight case if only one, or metal fins end fan(s) if an array. (E.g. see vitalredlight.com for a 192 5W LED panel.)

[@gigzapperchuck6384]

Good pilots use the "artificial horizon" instrument to properly bank the plane with ailerons and rudder so you don't feel banks.

[@ryanw8987]

Yeah, I was going to say. "Step on the ball" is what my flight instructor would say. There's a turn coordinator instrument with a little ball that would show if you were sliding or skidding. If the ball was either side of center you add more rudder to that side to make it feel like a smooth turn where the forces are going straight through the seat.

[@TheWizardsOfOz]

I love these so much, keep bringing me this content for the next 10 years and I will discover the theory of everything. 😄

[@kimclerk62]

And what is wrong with Chuck "why would I put the mask on him first he looks peaceful😂😂ok I'm done

[@SavageDarknessGames]

just being a normal well adjusted parent.

[@bridgettsmith3742]

Thank You for teaching me something new today :)

[@6thdayblue59]

Always put your oxygen mask on first. That way you can be a hero and not someone who is grateful to fellow passengers It's not being selfish, it is you opportunity to be a hero !

[@SavageDarknessGames]

Tina Turner may of passed away recently, but "We don't need another Hero!"

[@DendrocnideMoroides]

but wanting to be a hero is also selfish

[@suzannepoffel2160]

Hi i was just thinking that, that you provide so must information knowledge and then the both of you making it so understanding to us people❤!

[@nimrodlevy]

Loved it! Longer explainers!!!! Thanks a TON!!!

[@godspeed7656]

Sir Chuck makes this show 10x better.

[@Emily_M81]

I'm so grateful that I now have a personal astrophysicist to tell me these things.

[@AnthonyCelata]

Neil, I'm 34 years old and for some crazy reason only found you in mt mid 20's and I watched a lot of science stuff as a kid. I really wish I pursued a career in any of the sciences I find them all so fascinating. But as a kid, I don't think discourages is the right word to use but nobody ever made it clear to me that this was something I could do and make a living at. A good living too! Instead I was pushed to join the construction trades. I think as a country we need to inspire the young a whole lot more than we currently are and make a pipeline from every single state to bring these kids into the sciences. Its so hard to switch careers at my age and it really sucks. I don't want it to happen to anyone else... I'd like to start a fund to lobby the government to pull the best minds we have together to create this pipeline. IT sure would be great to have your support!

[@mikiohara5604]

The energy used for infrared in old incandescent bulbs was not a waste….as long as it was inside an easy bake oven - one of my absolute favorite toys from my childhood!

[@brothermine2292]

The incandescent bulbs' infrared energy also wasn't wasted during winter. (But in some climates, that could be negated by increased use of AC in summer.)

[@MH-wo6eb]

Chuck is right at least on the death star. The intercom says “closing out board shields, closing out board shields” lol love you guys thanks for all you do.

[@julianthegodmusic]

This whole show is my favorite thing. It's a morning ritual now

[@northuniverse]

Thank you for that description of the sun's diameter! I finally understand how the Parker probe actually touched the sun.

[@joemug4079]

I’m glad, too, Chuck is part of the show. Even though he has issues. All of us have some kind of issues.

[@dawnhansen7886]

Neil and Chuck could do explainer videos - Every day, and In the middle of the night and Twice on Sundays. I LOVE STARTALK ❕️

[@SavageDarknessGames]

but never on Tuesdays. I could never get the hang of Tuesdays!

[@ClashMafia]

I can listen them talking for decades and never get bored

[@jeffwalther]

I was spinning around holding my cup of coffee to keep the coffee level when I got dizzy and fell down. The science works!

[@alotl1kevegas860]

I like led lights, but when it comes to a chill kind of mood, incandescent lights will win every time.

[@nqobaniphenyane5478]

I can stay all day watching you guys.

[@IRONHEAD12701]

Who else out there saw the picture and immediately thought of the 1977 Kansas music album “Point of Know return”? Thanks to Chuck and NDT, for the entertaining, educational video. ❤🍀👍🏻🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸

[@roxcastaneda]

My dad was a cardiologist and he made a study about heart problems in people who live in high altitude, over 4,000 meters over sea level. He found out that people living in high altitude never suffer heart diseases.

[@brandonbe5351]

It would be a riot to watch Chuck and Neil smoke a fat blunt and discuss topics that the fans suggest. Oh and thank you for not wearing tacky Apple Airpods.

[@jlippencott1]

A few very important things you neglected to mention about LED vs incandescent lights. LEDS are at least 80% more efficient and their life is about 50 times longer than incandescent. An enormous benefit.

[@alexlail7481]

Amen, Neil... as I've told friends... It's important to know what you know, but it's frequently much more helpful to know what you don't know

[@hapjak53]

Neil, I am glad you clarified that you hadn't checked with anybody else on the airplane banking phenomenon. I have little doubt that the computer is flying the plane nowadays. However, I take exception to the notion that apparent motionless within the plane's frame of reference implies this. I first noticed this effect when I was 18 and flying home from college. Shortly after takeoff, my inner ear told me without question that I was sitting straight up in my seat. So much so that, when I looked out of the window, it took me 2 to 3 seconds for my eyes to interpret the view as anything other than the ground's tilting at nearly 45 degrees from where it should be, and continuing to tilt even more steeply and the seconds dragged on. So, "Why," you might ask, "did I not conclude that a computer was flying the plane?" In the first place, "I had no need of that hypothesis." As you pointed out, a plane banks against a great cushion of air, which I think we will find, does most of the work of maintaining a local vertical within the cabin, as a byproduct of turning the plane. No genius piloting ability necessary. Further evidence that this is the case is that night flights require an instrument showing what the horizon would look like if you could see it. Any divergence from true horizontal means that the plane is, in fact, turning, but the pilot can't feel it, because every turn feels level, hence the need for an instrument. In the second place, my noticing of how level banking planes felt was in my freshman year, nearly 52 years ago. This may be lost on many, but I still carried a slide rule to science classes. There were no portable electronic calculators at the time, let alone computers capable of superhuman feats of piloting. Thank you for this blast from the past. The eerie feeling of my eyes' seeming to contradict my balance is still one of my favorite things about flying.

[@anthonyshiels9273]

In the early days of aviation air sickness was a thing.

[@williammenzel]

@@anthonyshiels9273 It still is, I can assure you!

[@alexyoung6418]

One part of the pilot training course is how to execute a "coordinated turn", where you're supposed to keep track of the side slip indication while applying rudder inputs while pulling on the stick in a bank. Of course you'd need to have entered the bank in the first place with a slight aileron roll. It may go unnoticed once you're in that turn, but it's easier for the initial roll to give it away.

[@derekschneider8922]

The explanations of topics are fabulous. How led creates white light was something I thought I somehow knew but now I know. Great shows.

[@CookieTube]

His explanation is wrong. though. That is: not accurate at all. White leds are not created by mixing red green and blue, only very cheap 'white' leds are. But that is not how most of them work at all. His whole explanation of LEDS was maybe only 10% correct. Also his insinuation that LEDs don't give off heat (aka IR) is dead wrong. I wish he sticks to topics he actually knows stuff about (eg: astrophysics) instead of hearing something or reading something somewhere and regurgitating it and even trying to dumb it down and loosing all accuracy in the process.

[@tonyg8129]

Chuck, you need to raise the position of your camera and angle it down a little. Neil's is set perfectly. We're not forced to look up his nose!

[@supra1712]

One of the best and most informative explainers. As we should thank science we should thank Neil deGrasse Tyson for making it easy and fun to learn❤

[@emark8928]

Chuck knowing the word 'incandescent' gives him a leg up on Neil here.

[@judij1084]

i love this channel!!! but as a "horse expert" for many years, a Hand is not "around 4 inches" it is indeed 4 inches, no more, no less, but we do break it down in to "15:2 hands high, or "14:2 hands high. the number after the colon are inches and you can also have half inches behind the inches. i just hope i spelled "colin" right :) whenever you happen to need anything to do with horses, feel free to write me, but i drought you will likely mention horses again.

[@AlexA-nd3yy]

This video shows there are many things Neil does not know about, not just horses. BTW, you did spell colon correctly, but I don't think drought is the word you meant to use. 🙂

[@judij1084]

@@AlexA-nd3yy thank you for pointing out the error of "drought" i meant to say "doubt". i am so releived i spelled colon correctly. and i do just love the channel, and i didn't mean to make light of Neil's knowledge, i kind of have a sore spot for the measurement of Hands, i heard an old cowboy ask someone once, "what exactly is a hand anyway" i wanted to tear my hair out! it is just something he should have known, you know?

[@AlexA-nd3yy]

@@judij1084 Yes. Even I, as absolutely not a horse expert (I have been on a horse perhaps 3 times in my life), know what a hand is for horses.

[@johnnyrosenberg9522]

European here (Swedish), when you could buy lightbulbs they were labelled in watts. Maybe lumens were printed somewhere as well, I don't remember, but it was the number of watts that we were looking for. Maybe because some lamps had a label saying something like ”Max. 40 W” or something like that, so it was kind of important to not exceed that, of course. LED bulbs (or whatever they are called in English) usually has both lumens and watts printed on the packaging, and also how many watts that corresponds to for the old lightbulbs.

[@poor_mansreef8908]

As a finish carpenter the beginning of this spoke to me when it comes to measuring.

[@DestructibleGame]

Discovering things that I didn't know I don't know are the best

[@ronbrusha757]

Water in your glass when airplane is turning: It's called a "coordinated" turn where rudder and ailerons are used in combination. Once the coordinated turn is established, and ailerons and rudder are neutralized, the liquid in your cup should not be forced to one side or the other. Thanks for your explanations on the various physical subjects. RFB

[@user-fe4dk8wr4k]

Hi Neil, I love watching your explainers. About banking in an airplane, or going around a banked race track at the natural speed for that turn. You said you will not feel any force. But actually there is an increased downward g force that in a commercial aircraft is probably too small to notice, but is still there. In a race car, I believe you can feel it. I think at Daytona Speedway the neutral speed for the banked turns is 150MPH. Keep the explainers coming.

[@vlad-ovidiuadam6489]

I was today, 33, years old when I found out how black light actually works. Thank you!

[@KetogenicGuitars]

I love these episodes when Neil does not start to pick on Chuck or shout too much. Thank you for this one!

[@maskmedia7613]

I don't wanna come of as hateful because I truly love Neil... In colder areas lightbulbs of higher WATTs act as space heaters (V x A = W). I rather people have bulbs that create heat then idk a "space heater"....

[@CyrilHarnisch]

All pilots are trained to make coordinated turns with the help of the turn coordinator.

[@sammikinsderp]

To be honest, I'm glad that I'm late to startalk because there is amazing backlog to binge on.

[@Alexander.323]

I once read that the Karman Line is the altitude at which the velocity needed for an aerodynamic flight matches the orbital velocity, meaning that an airplane and a satellite would have the same velocity although they are using two different physical principles to stay at that height. I other words it's the altitude at which an airplane does not need wings anymore because it already has orbital velocity. It's the boundary between aeronautics and space.

[@greendragonreprised6885]

14:22 I think Chuck confused Alan Shepard being the first American in space with being the first person in space who was of course Yuri Gagarin who had orbited the Earth a month or so earlier.

[@anubisantas]

Chuck's talk about lightbulbs is hilarious, I dont know why but it reminds me of Rasputia, in Eddie Murphy's movie Norbit, and takes me to tears :D :D