StatQuest: Histograms, Clearly Explained

[@statquest]

Support StatQuest by buying my books The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning, The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Neural Networks and AI, or a Study Guide or Merch!!! statquest.org/statquest-store/

[@adityaparab7802]

Happy Teachers day

[@statquest]

@@AbdullahOlcay-wh4or The chapters and topics in the book are listed here: statquest.org/statquest-store/

[@debjitpatra235]

I am from India and I am learning MACHINE LEARNING in Engineering. Your videos are really just awesome and very clearly explained with suitable examples. keep it up.

[@statquest]

Thank you and hello to India! :)

[@snipergwen]

@@statquest Hiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!!! I'm Indian too!! Just started watching this series. I like how you sing :)

[@littleKingSolomon]

Josh, you are my stats tutor G.O.A.T. I love you, your team, your videos, and your songs. Thanks for paying the price of digging deep into the intuition behind these concepts and providing it to us on a silver platter. I hope you are continually filled with happiness for the impact you are making in our lives. Thanks a lot.

[@statquest]

Thank you very much!!! I really appreciate it. :)

[@johnmatthew_g]

I second this comment. Thank you from the bottom of my heart, from my family to yours.

[@dengzhonghan5125]

This channel is definately worth at least $10000 (one year school)

[@statquest]

Wow! Thank you! :)

[@KamiK4ze]

@@statquest Honestly, he's not wrong - I'm paying nearly 20k USD for my MSC and I learn more from your videos than the lectures

[@busyshah]

@@KamiK4ze It would be nice if we can subscribe and join the membership of his channel to support our claim for his praise.

[@nithinbalaaji612]

4 years of school where I come from 💀

[@motivsto]

Those songs are alone worth millions.

[@赵宛冰]

I'm a student in a lab doing bioinformatics. Your videos are excellent,sweet and cute~ I love the songs you singing at every beginning. Thank you so much！！！❤

[@Fan-fb4tz]

love the song too! very cute

[@weizhangxianwang4502]

中国人顶一个 这个youtuber做的真的很6

[@yikaikang8144]

好用啊！

[@kezhenzhao7252]

顶+1

[@sanaol-tp5gn]

Man, I just wanna say that you are a gem. You make the complicated stuff very easy to understand.

[@statquest]

Thank you!

[@DUDEVSTECH]

Holy smokes...that bam gave me the chills!!! This gotta be the simplest holiest explanation of a histogram!!

[@statquest]

bam! :)

[@slmnsolomon]

Helpful Information!! Thank you!! A simple approach to choose the width depending upon the size of the data... Find Range Range= Highest Value - Lowest Value Find Number Classes (K) Apply Sturge's Rule = 1+3.322(LogN) Where N is the Number of Observations in the data Finally find the Width of the class Width=Range/K(Number of Classes) *Approximate K before finding Width *Keep Width of the class to the nearest multiple of 5 (Suppose you get width as 6 make it 10)

[@statquest]

Nice!

[@atesztoth]

Damn, if I had known your channel sooner, I wouldn't have hated statistics! Keep up the good work!

[@statquest]

Thank you very much!

[@pritomdasradheshyam2154]

Holy Moly, so much simplified, I hate youtube to not show this first when I was searching about "histograms"!!!

[@statquest]

:)

[@amirmohammadjalili2676]

Josh, I can't thank you enough. Your contents are awesome. Some day when I imigrate from this sanctioned country, I will definitely support you via buying your shirts and other stuff.

[@statquest]

Thank you very much! :)

[@amirkhalesi5294]

Greeting dear Amir. We clearly share the same purpose, and we clearly share the same reason. I hope someday I see you out of this hell hole

[@EvilSapphireR]

@@amirkhalesi5294 Goodluck to both of you Amirs!

[@Dall1n]

You sir are a hero for making these videos!!! Why can't university professors teach as well as you? Thanks so much!

[@statquest]

Wow, thanks!

[@RohitSingh-nm9wd]

I felt in love with stats after watching this

[@statquest]

bam! :)

[@aamnasuhail4468]

I had subscribed this channel before and I haven't seen anything until I accidentally played one video which Started with Stat Quest makes me so happy. And I was like he is singing and then I started playing your videos to listen to your songs. Then I decided to watch this video. And From tomorrow onwards I will going to start this playlist. These are great. Thank you for making these.

[@statquest]

Yes, this is one of my favorites. :)

[@aamnasuhail4468]

@@statquest ❤❤❤

[@25kirtan]

Omg. No one has taught me such a basic concept like histogram the way you have. aahh love this channel. I'm learning machine learning and i decided to go back to basics before going to advanced machine learning algorithms like xgboost

[@statquest]

Awesome!!! I'm glad you are learning so much. :)

[@davidlu1003]

I learn something useful free from you, thx so much. I love free and I love learning from you.😁😁😁

[@statquest]

BAM! :)

[@younesvaezpour9546]

Hi there Excellent Please please don't stop, go on! I wanna learn statistics through this channel completely

[@statquest]

Thank you very much! :)

[@chiragyadav18]

Thanks!

[@statquest]

WOW! Thank you so much for supporting StatQuest! BAM! :)

[@ebe999]

Thanks

[@statquest]

Wow! Thank you so much for your support! BAM! :)

[@yogenghodke]

I am from Pune, India and I just realized I came to North Carolina because of StatQuest ! I recently graduated from UNC Charlotte with a MS CS degree !

[@statquest]

TRIPLE BAM! Congratulations!!! :)

[@inmortalsking]

Literally, "Bam". Awesome material, ty.

[@statquest]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@PapiJack]

Josh I hope you read this. No need to reply. First, thanks for the effort you have put on these videos. You create positive change in the world. Second, have you thought about designing a self-paced course around all the material you have created? Keep it up and thanks again.

[@statquest]

Thanks and yes, I have. One day I will create the course.

[@sidasmad2389]

Just found your channel a few minutes ago and boy am I already questing on and on. Thank you for the amazing lessons!

[@statquest]

Bam! :)

[@sidasmad2389]

@@statquest Bam! :D

[@pmanideep39]

took monthly membership ...... and it is totally worth it... you deserve it

[@statquest]

Awesome!!! Thank you so much!!!! :)

[@tiktokfinds6143]

Thank you Josh! i had such a good laugh while learning stats. your videos are bite sized and easy to understand. kudos for being a great teacher

[@statquest]

Glad you like them!

[@barb290]

taking a data science course at Berkeley and your videos are so helpful, thank you!!

[@statquest]

Great to hear!

[@alexandrumatei6800]

Love this one too Josh thank you yes I'll comment on every video I watch

[@statquest]

BAM! :)

[@yashsonune4391]

you are my hero! helped me with saving my degree!

[@statquest]

You can do it! :)

[@apurwasharma3582]

I loved the video The music is amazing The content is easy to understand

[@statquest]

bam!

[@lakshaygupta89]

Hi Josh, I just love your videos. They are highly informative. I really appreciate the work you are doing. I am learning a lot from your videos. Thank you very much.

[@harithagayathri7185]

As usual simple and clear Josh :)

[@statquest]

Hooray! :)

[@vvmadhavreddy]

Lemme tell you all, this guy is a genius!! He even sings awesome !! {Evil Genius} A good song yo. Loved it.

[@statquest]

Hooray!!!! :)

[@anastasiagavrilita6567]

30 seconds of explanation, bam! 4 college years of confusion over histograms exploded! sorcery!!!

[@statquest]

bam! :)

[@janzentgeronimo6778]

Downloaded and starting to watch this playlist! Bam my friend

[@statquest]

Enjoy!

[@gauravk4050]

please make a course on probability and statistics...for deep learning which includes concepts like -confidence interval in all the different scenarios - hypothesis testing in different scenarios - ANOVA(one and two way) - chi-square and Pearson correlation coefficient. - co-variance & pooled covariance - wilcoxon test - tukey test - spearman test - covariance matrix and PCA. And how they are related??

[@lumavale1516]

OMG you make stats so easy to understand! Thank youuuu!!

[@statquest]

Happy to help!

[@Mohammadali-nj7fb]

Clearly explained, as always. Thanks a lot

[@statquest]

Thanks!

[@maciejczech4398]

2:55

[@statquest]

Sure, but there are other, easier ways to get that information.

[@quanngotrong5534]

I rarely comment but this channel is awesome

[@statquest]

Thank you!

[@venkatbalachandra5965]

We can use the Freedman-Diaconis rule to calculate the optimal bin width as, bin width = 2*IQR/cube_root(n). IQR is the interquartile range and n is the number of values.

[@statquest]

bam!

[@ThePasserby76]

You guys are awesome! Bam! Please keep em coming. Wham!!!

[@statquest]

We will!

[@grzegorzsarwas5942]

Josh, you should also add the information that histogram distribution can change if you change the position of the first bin.

[@statquest]

Noted

[@Jormungandr1983]

Amazing videos, completely redifined stats. So easy and melancholy, I m learning ML from it. Definately, the contents worth of ivy league grad school fees

[@statquest]

Glad it was helpful!

[@lilmoesk899]

Our statistics teacher spent the better part of a 3-hour class trying to explain what you explained in 3 and a half minutes.

[@anusuyashanmugachamy8047]

Thank you so much for this video! Short, sweet, and btw easy to understand.

[@statquest]

Thanks!

[@fahadreda3060]

Great Lesson, Thanks Mr.Josh

[@statquest]

Hooray!

[@jarupbg]

Wow.. Thanks!! I am grateful for your explanation..

[@statquest]

Thanks!

[@jinkazama6156]

It's so easy and musical explanation 😊😍

[@statquest]

bam!

[@natalijapesic3818]

When you said ''bam", I did BAM on your like button

[@statquest]

Hooray! :)

[@Bhanudas.Kulkarni]

Buddy yo are master of Stats salute..🙂

[@statquest]

Thanks!

[@swapnilchavan7076]

Sir beautiful videos .... Love your efforts thank you so much... Mathematics is very difficult to understand beacause people don't know significance of each and every thing .... I love your teaching... Thank you so much sir... Keep smiling ... Keep singing 😆😍😄😃

[@statquest]

Thanks! :)

[@andrescardona753]

Sincerely thank you for your videos

[@statquest]

Thank you!

[@santoshgujar5237]

Beautiful Song, Thank you, Sir

[@statquest]

Thanks!

[@ChiragSharma-j9r]

Thank you for this amazing content! The KZbin most replayed thing for the cat intro song looks like the top of a cat XD

[@statquest]

:)

[@sunnyyoda5511]

So clear, so nice, so helpful!

[@statquest]

Hooray! :)

[@GoldrakeJ79]

thanks for your videos!!!!! Very helpful to start statistic understanding 🥰

[@statquest]

Thanks!

[@alecvan7143]

Wow something so simple so rarely properly explained!

[@statquest]

Thanks! :)

[@nischalshakya2015]

2:52 For the measurement to spread 50-50 while making bins = 2, doesn't the distribution need to be a perfectly normal distribution?

[@statquest]

No, it could be a uniform distribution. Or A beta distribution. etc.

[@nischalshakya2015]

@@statquest Thank you... Keep making such wonderful videos

[@David_Lloyd-Jones]

The essence of business statistics, at around 1:50 => You don't take statistics to help make your decisions; you select from statistics to justify the decisions you felt like making. "Duh," as Josh so wisely says.

[@GirishKumar-xs8on]

Hats off ! You explained the things in amazing way which is far away from book worms definition

[@statquest]

Thank you very much! :)

[@thruptirajgowda6344]

You are the saviour❤️

[@statquest]

Thanks!

[@robertadoki3198]

Ok, i'm in love! you also play UKULELE!

[@statquest]

It's one of my favorite instruments. :)

[@CrazyIvan_1997]

Hello, I will be taking statistics this summer semester coming up. Is this the right playlist to start learning the basics of statistics? I'm not strong in math so I would really need the head start.

[@statquest]

It's a good place to start.

[@CrazyIvan_1997]

@ thank you for the reply I will start watching these

[@sandeepjalla2065]

Sooo helpful and very easy to learn these topics i have statics subject i learn about histogram very easy and very useful for me

[@statquest]

BAM!

[@souhardyaroy4275]

How to decide which probability distribution to use for a given histogram. Is it the best fit curve or anything else?

[@statquest]

Often we know what process generates the data, and that process tells us what distribution to use.

[@pragun1993]

BAM!! Very intuitively explained!

[@ThunderPlayzminecraft]

Is your book suitable for beginners who only know IG level mathematics? And does it cover alot of topics in ML?

[@statquest]

Yes and yes

[@AbdullahOlcay-wh4or]

I am just curious if there is a book including this playlist (66DaysofData). I know you published the book "The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning", does this include the things in this playlist? Thanks for your videos!

[@statquest]

You can see what topics are covered in the book here: statquest.org/statquest-store/

[@AbdullahOlcay-wh4or]

Thanks for your quick response@@statquest. Does this 'Fundamental concepts in Machine Learning and Statistics' chapter include the statistics part that you introduced within this playlist. I have already seen the content of your book. However, I do not know if it is including this playlist. I normally take notes on papers, but I just want to have a break (my finger nowadays pains) and try following lectures on the book :). I see your book includes the machine learning part, but I cannot see what you have in the statistics part. Anyway, I will most probably order your book, as it looks really good! Thanks for everything you do on there!

[@statquest]

@@AbdullahOlcay-wh4or The book covers a lot of the statistics topics in the playlist, but not all.

[@hooverzavala8071]

the "bam!" and "duh" was completely unnecesary, besides that this is one of the best explanation, thanks

[@nnhm]

I like bams

[@revathik9225]

Awesome playlist! Subbed! Do you have a playlist for linear algebra and vector calculus needed for AI ?

[@statquest]

Thanks! I just have this one video on linear algebra for AI: kzbin.info/www/bejne/kIXXapqpfMiXetE

[@abhibhargav29]

Amazing videos and excellent content, you are doing a great job sir, all the best for your channel and life

[@statquest]

Thanks a ton!

[@CainisUponUs]

Great vid as always! If I may make a request, can you do a video on multinomial logistic regressions next time?

[@pranaymehta7958]

Hey Josh, thanks for the videos. Do we have videos explaining Bayes rule, posterior and prior probability concepts ? I could not find them in your playlists. Many thanks !!

[@QuitUselessScrolling]

sir, is this playlist for grasping the basics of statistics from scratch or not?

[@statquest]

I believe so.

[@reytns1]

Hey Joshua, Talking to the histogram, it would be very helpful if you show us how to transform the data (residuals) when the variable it is not normal, and maybe do an example in R with Box Box.

[@prajganesh]

Thank you for all the videos. If I want to specialize in machine learning, what's the order I should follow in your playlist? Is it enough to watch just the ML playlist? Are you planning on Calculus essential playlist?

[@statquest]

I would recommend watching all of my videos, except the ones on high-throughput sequencing, in this order: statquest.org/video-index/

[@host8803]

Heyy Josh loving your content......it is simple and very easy to understand...... I have a small concern: Can you please help me by suggesting the order or in what sequence to watch the playlist for better understanding of the fundamentals of statistics from your "Statistics fundamentals" playlist It would be a great deal for me if you can help me out...

[@statquest]

I've got all of my videos organized here: statquest.org/video-index/

[@magdalenaobrzut8393]

awesome tutorial - thank you!

[@pranaymehta7958]

Hey Josh, do these videos have basics of probabilities, random variables and expectations ? I am not able to understand what is expected value and what is average value of a Random Variable. Besides, there is also some concept called "moments" which I am unaware of. It would be really grateful if you can guide me around this. Many thanks !!

[@statquest]

Those are all great ideas, and as soon as I finish up this section on Machine Learning, I'll dive into those topics. I love them all.

[@pranaymehta7958]

@@statquest Thank you Josh. I really like investing time in your videos simply because of it's simplicity and lucid explanation. Looking forward to your next set of videos. Cheers !!

[@federicohi8401]

Realy excelent your explainsss!!!! congratssss

[@statquest]

Thanks! :)

[@putin_navsegda6487]

Thank you for your videos, they are really helpful. If possible plz make videos on Neyman-Pearson lemma, Fischer Theoreme, Kolmogorov test, also some distribution as Student, Fischer, Erlang, Xi etc

[@statquest]

I'll keep those topics in mind.

[@audreybarto1]

I would like to share this video with my online class, but the captions are not entirely accurate so I cannot use it. It looks like the ability for a user to correct the captions is turned off. Josh, can you edit the captions or allow a user to do so? Thank you

[@statquest]

Unfortunately, KZbin took away the feature that let people translate captions. However, If you tell me which language you want subtitles in, I can send you the file and you can edit it and I can upload it.

[@audreybarto1]

@@statquest I just need English, but it has to be 100% accurate for use in my online class (college policy / state law). Thank you so much for your reply!

[@statquest]

@@audreybarto1 Feel free to contact me through my website so we can discuss: statquest.org/contact/

[@statquest]

I just edited the subtitles and corrected all of the mistakes. I hope this is better for you.

[@sakshijain59]

Sir your videos are amazing, and how in a short time period you've explained the topics is just unbelivable. I had one request, your previous playlist of statistics seemed more helpful, I see you've made changes before 3days. It would be very helpful if you provide the previous one. Few videos also seem to be missing so

[@statquest]

I'll see what I can do.

[@sakshijain59]

@@statquest Thank you for considering the request sir.

[@itssosh]

Hi Josh, I have a question. In reality, in histograms, the relative frequency should be represented by the area of the rectangle and not the height. Can you please explain to me why? Because this is the link with the density functions of a continuous variable, in fact also there we use the area under the curve and not the height. I have never understood why we use the area and not the height and I think that the link is here.

[@statquest]

In histograms, each bin has width that is greater than 0. And, usually, each bin has the exact same width. Thus, we could calculate the probability of an event in a bin occurring by calculating the area of the rectangle associated with a bin (width times height) and dividing by the area of all the rectangles formed by all of the bins. That said, with histograms, since each bin has the exact same width, we can also calculate the probability by just using the heights of each bin, since the widths will cancel out. Now, in contrast, a continuous distribution function does not have bins. Instead, we can pick any single point we want, but the width of a rectangle at that point will be 0, and thus, the probability of that point, width times height, will also be 0. This is why we don't calculate probabilities for individual points when we have a continuous distribution, but instead, calculate probabilities between two different values. For details, see: kzbin.info/www/bejne/porbf4aLebh5fpY

[@itssosh]

@@statquest ok it's getting clearer! But why are histograms defined for the area of ​​the rectangles and not directly by saying that the probability is the height of the rectangle? I don't understand why the equivalence probability = height must exist only in the case of bins of equal size. If the bins are also of different amplitudes why can't I still indicate the frequency of that bin with the height of the rectangle on it?

[@statquest]

@@itssosh Histograms can be simply the counts of items in each bin. We can represent that number, the count, with a height. We can also then scale the heights so that the height is probability. So, histograms can either tell us raw count values, or probabilities, depending on how they are scaled.

[@itssosh]

@@statquest Yes, and why, with bins of different size, we represent that count/probability with area instead of height?

[@statquest]

@@itssosh I'm not sure what you mean by "bins of different size". In theory you can do that, but I've never seen it done that way. Usually all the bins are the same size.

[@nasrullahturke4480]

Hello Sir For continuous numerical data we have two levels of scale ratio and interval based on presence of true zero or not However for discrete numerical data I am not finding any answer in books what levels of measurement to consider. Could you please advise on my query as I am struggling from many days to find an answer to this question. 🙏 Thank you❤

[@capdui]

Thank you I love stat now

[@statquest]

BAM! :)

[@kaykwanu]

The highlight: This my friends, is a histogram. Bam!

[@statquest]

:)

[@anqiwu85]

Summary of Histogram: 1. Definition: Histogram is a kind of plot that divide a data range into multiple bins and stack data in the same bin. 2. Usage: Show or help with approximating the data distribution. 3. Pitfall: Do try different bins in practical use and do not settle on the default settings of any program you use.

[@statquest]

bam! :)

[@gauray]

Thanks for the video Josh. One question, why would one do exponential distribution for histogram data more pouplated on the left? As you mentioned in this video

[@statquest]

When we want to model waiting times - like how long between times when people watch this video - we might use an exponential distribution.

[@foxsins314]

Anyone else here cuz of quarantine and tryna do school work

[@im4485]

Thank you...just subbed

[@statquest]

Awesome, thank you!

[@mahmoudismail6517]

is this course a good start to Data science stats??

[@statquest]

I believe so.

[@joymajumdar9027]

I am learning Data science, so can you suggest from where should I start learning statistics?

[@statquest]

My videos make a good starting point. They're organized here: statquest.org/video-index/

[@joymajumdar9027]

@@statquest thank you! after learning, where can I practice and answer quizzes to enhance my knowledge and concept?

[@daviddashti9227]

That bam really got me

[@statquest]

:)

[@jediTempleGuard]

Would you please also cover some algorithms / math used to define bin width? Like some use freedman-diaconis rule or scott's normal reference rule etc.

[@statquest]

I'll keep that in mind. However, the most commonly used technique is to just try a handful of values.

[@younesselhamzaoui6783]

Excellent!

[@statquest]

:)

[@volkerdellwo242]

"Think of how stupid the average person is and realize half of them are stupider than that" (StatQuest on boxplots) and then split a distribution into two bins and "all this tells us is how many measurements are above the average and how many are below" ... it happens in the best families :) ... fantastic videos!!

[@statquest]

Thanks for your support!

[@Kiddzzvideos]

Hi Josh, Thank you for the excellent videos. I am in HR and currently studying to enter into Machine Learning. It will be difficult for sure, but I am ready for that. I have seen almost all your videos. Can you advise me with the books for extra guidance on how to start? I am learning Python too.

[@statquest]

My favorite book is this: faculty.marshall.usc.edu/gareth-james/ISL/

[@Kiddzzvideos]

@@statquest Thank you! :)

[@kowsalyabharani]

U r great.. nice and clear explanation in all videos.. Please do more videos regarding statistics and Statistics in R

[@statquest]

Thanks !:)

[@InfoTunnel]

Fantastic and easy explanation. May I know order from start to end of your playlist

[@bs140598]

statquest.org/video-index/