Stone Age Warfare? - Neolithic Devastation at Asparn/Schletz

[@ironox8480]

Ah the Neloithic age, when going clubbing had a really different meaning.

[@richhartnell6233]

Iron Ox So did getting stoned

[@Suckyourmothereth]

And getting fifty rocks

[@100RAmen]

Or DID IT?

[@nelly5954]

not completely different, if you're british

[@100RAmen]

@Gaius Baltar my point exactly

[@zeeslag123]

Now I wanna do NEMA (Neolithic European Martial Arts) :D

[@errorcode1sm399]

*MASS OOGA BOOGA*

[@Kwodlibet]

How about ENEMA - Early Neolithic European Martial Arts... and a very unfortunate acronym ;)

[@goldenageofdinosaurs7192]

Kwodlibet That’d mix well with a high-fiber diet, I’d bet 😬

[@QlueDuPlessis]

I would imagine that if one were set upon by ENEMA practitioners, one would shit one's self.

[@dragonsword7370]

The kit would be really cheap to make. Even edith safety "blades"

[@waltz9230]

It took me a whole minute to realise he wasn't actually wearing that.

[@ThePhantomRonin]

Urli Alejandro I felt that

[@onebritishboi9892]

He got us all

[@eskild591]

Same, i checked the timer and it said 1.00 minute when i read this haha

[@st.zahren5683]

bruh momento numero cuatro

[@timothyissler3815]

I actually caught it fairly quickly, but he could totally rock that in real life.

[@Johnny_Tambourine]

You mentioned the lack of males between 20-40. Fighting age males. One of three things happened. 1- They were raided and the men went out to meet them and lost. That means somewhere close by is another grave filled with males 20-40. 2- They sent their men to raid another group and lost. The other group then went and attacked the village of their attackers. 3- The men were away and the village was attacked. When they returned they buried the dead and left.

[@robwalsh9843]

"When they returned they buried the dead and left." Maybe sought revenge.

[@seannahmcauliffe9766]

This seems possible

[@SirNarax]

I don't think it was the men that were away because they had been left out for a while.

[@picollojr9009]

@@SirNarax maybe the first theory is right, so there must be another mass grave somewhere in the region of males only

[@La_Cartouche_a_Tiphaine]

Dude ! He mentionned the lack of WOMEN in age of procreating.

[@onetrucksizedsalmon2962]

“Stone Age was peaceful”-some idiot. Me with a branch: UNGA BUNGA

[@thatguynameddan2136]

Grugg teach them the Art of Bonk!

[@robwalsh9843]

Quest For Fire was much more accurate than The Flintstones

[@Dr._Heinz_Doofenshmirtz]

° oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa oogaa

[@PartTimeGoblinSlayer]

@@Dr._Heinz_Doofenshmirtz I don't understand the meaning of the numbers but I appreciate the effort.

[@retardcorpsman]

private pile The numbers actually form into the word ooga btw, for mobile at least

[@danielclark-hughes692]

Only real 10,000BC kids will understand

[@NefariousKoel]

In MY day, we walked uphill, both ways in the snow, to murder and pillage the neighboring tribes. You kids have it so easy today!

[@chrisconway9959]

So jealous of 10000bc kids

[@silentecho92able]

I remember the day when "Fire" came too us, back in those days we call Fire, "wodjqiuhnve" but the tribal elders won't have none off it so they changed it pronunciation too what you kids call it today.

[@kriegsjager]

Back in those days , In never saw u guys

[@kriegsjager]

Lol

[@Observer29830]

Nothing is more terrifying than losing a fight for your family's survival.

[@blan_k4691]

True

[@cavareenvius7886]

I have to agree.

[@abcdef-cs1jj]

On the other hand you probably don't have to think about it for long with groups being so small - once you realise your group is losing the fight it most likely won't be too long until you get killed. And with clubs like that it's at least not a slow bleeding-out-death.

[@andersrobertsen7610]

@@abcdef-cs1jj I think Neolithic Europe was much like the native Americans, there were probably decently sized tribes all over Europe just like in the Americas,

[@VVeremoose]

@@capablanc it's called empathy

[@Spoon80085]

Farming: is discovered Cavemen: *Excited tribal chanting* Civilization: is discovered Cavemen: *LOUD TRIBAL CHANTING*

[@user-mr1zs1np7w]

Ooga chaka intensifies

[@ivanm.346]

unabomber did nothing wrong

[@weldonwin]

Village: *Exists* Next Village Over: BURN THE B*STARDS! Think they're so great with their agriculture and log rollers

[@alexlawson4173]

MEH LE LE!

[@dfwai7589]

@@ivanm.346 why... why you gotta be that guy

[@MrBottlecapBill]

"The only way to enjoy the lamentation of their women was to take the women with me. So I did"--King Conan

[@Thr0mamay]

What do you know of cultured ways?

[@sa.8208]

"The only way to enjoy the lamentation of their women was to take the women with me. So I did"--Elliot Rodger

[@gratefulguy4130]

That's actually a Spongebob quote I think.

[@TheMegaRin]

"Another group probably passed by and buried them." Really makes you realize how you know, human people were. We often think of them as barely human, this barbaric animal-man hybrid with a big club, but nope, they were just like us without our technology.

[@Kaefer1973]

Well a neolithic farming village wouldn't really be a thing anyone with a basic understanding of pre-history would think of in that way anyway. They had already towns with stone builduings (most famously the 10000 years old Tower of Jericho), millstones, plows and possibly ox carts. Aside for a lack of metal, a neolithic village probably didn't look much different from a medieval one.

[@SouthPoleAntarctica]

they *were* us without our technology

[@marleegould542]

And that's so true! They where the same species, same brain capacity. The Neolithic Revolution was what made us the dominant species on the planet. We would still be in the stone age if people hadn't figured out how to grow food.

[@useodyseeorbitchute9450]

Actually there are evidence of minor increase of genetic frequencies related to high IQ after Neolithic revolution. So there are some differences but they are subtle.

[@yuribezmenovthegreat4705]

No, if you want be a fking barbarian, be it, if you know inmannuel kant, youll know one ray of GOD in the earth. Inmankuel kant, is like jesus, but philosopher. The mood and values are ABSOLUTE. If dont, youll always see people killing themselves and wars and fking corrupt politicians. The man is a end itself.

[@arielnir2679]

”Sticks, Stones and Broken Bones”? That is THE best titel ever!!!

[@heretyk_1337]

And "Orgasmatron" intro plays in the background...

[@olaffalo4686]

*title

[@CrudeConduct666]

But .. But. ..that's not the title

[@sneakycactus8815]

@@CrudeConduct666 its the title of the book shown in the video. If you had actually watched it you would know that

[@CrudeConduct666]

@@sneakycactus8815 I know this is a difficult concept to grasp, but seeing as how I watch literally all of Skall's vids, it's usually just in the background as I'm doing something else such as making bullets. Or cooking. Or perhaps I'm checking the comment section. Then I see a comment like such, (that mentions no book anywhere btw) and I go check the video title. Don't gotta be a dick dude. Not everything in life is malicious.

[@therealcarlxii]

Well I live about 100km away from Asparn. Never been to the museum there. I´ll definitely go and see it soon. Thanks Skall :D

[@Morfeusm]

I live 55 km from it and never even heard of it! Must go there to check too!

[@nathanbaney4394]

skall sub fieldtrip time!

[@therealcarlxii]

@@Morfeusm Funny right? It takes a Canadian to tell the Austrians about a museum right next to them. Shame on us HAHAHAH

[@bobthebuilder2922]

I live 1 943 km away. Just a days walk... might pay a visit

[@therealcarlxii]

@@bobthebuilder2922 Man you must be one quick walker ;)

[@goldenageofdinosaurs7192]

Young Stone Age. “Yeah, we don’t need those old heads tellin’ us how to shape our rocks..”

[@Fr.Savage_McKiligan]

A guy commented how 67 Skeletons should be a powermetal song. While I agree, I'm not a lyricist, so here's a poem instead; a little story from the perspective of the marauders. "Sixty-Seven Skeletons. Sixty-seven skeletons, buried in a ditch, Battle of the ages, eager fingers twitch, Wooden clubs and arrows, tipped with jagged stone, Sweating from exertion, we're breaking every bone, Emerging from the dark, a neolithic might, Coordinated strike, tonight we live to fight, Shaman says to kill, so crush the children's heads, But women serve us well, we drag them to our beds, Adding to our clan, we claim them as a prize, But aftermath does bring, annoying buzz of flies, Putrifying corpses, men fertilize the field, Shaman speaks the words, so everyone must yield, Returning to the sight, the stench is quite overt, Dump bodies in a hole, and cover them with dirt, Now the deed is done, old fort is full of ghosts, Drinking bitter ale, we celebrate with toasts, Regale ourselves of battle, such a fever pitch, While sixty-seven skeletons are buried in a ditch."

[@zekelerossignol7590]

I'm sure Sabaton could turn that into a song, breaking it up into verses with chorus being "Grunt! grunt! grunt!..." :P There again perhaps it should be in proto-indo-european.

[@jacoblopez3242]

Fucking amazing dude

[@sandrapaolaquinonezaraujo2905]

Humans are truly amazing

[@santicheeks1106]

I just saw that comment

[@santicheeks1106]

By Marco van der Merwe

[@Aconitum_napellus]

Calling it 'Stone Age Conflict' avoids having to decide whether it can be classified as war or not, always preferable for archaeologists, never like to be too pinned down to a proper answer. I really like these anthropological/archaeology videos, satisfying my desire for academic discussion and my lust for violent and Hoplophilia.

[@picollojr9009]

I would classify it as a war, as for a war it is not really just numbers, but a fight between two or more distinct groups

[@fotiostriantas4673]

You are wrong and unfair. You must turn to the scientific bibliography about ancient Warfare , the methodologies and the historiography of the archaeological and historical science. Also to search at the Anthropological findings. What we in general call actually is Organised Violence and the War is part of that. In archaeology as in history is considered and social organised violent activity where you have a centralized concentration of material and human resources, an organised and centrally managed financial plan during which all or the most important means of production come under a central authority that conducts the war defensive or and aggressive with a certain strategic plan and very specific aims. You can a variety of types of warfare, small and bigger scale of organised violence with different simple or interconnected goals . A conflict is part of the concept of war and warfare. It is a lesser scale armed clash and sometimes we prefer the phrase of a low intensity war exactly what a conflict is eg a raid, or an attack on the vital resources of your opponent or the kidnapping children and women or the destruction of a village. The size of the violent incident, the very specialised goal and non use of the previous preconditions , military specializations , the absence of an economic activity training and supporting a military or even just a tertiary economy that allows specialized in violence and strategy humans, known as warriors or soldiers all these factors vital conducting what we know as War tend to call it Conflict. Conflict and it's types can be part of War but not a War itself. Conflict can be horrific and brutal even more brutal than a tactical battle with laws followed by the opponents. Thank you.

[@AdmiralSnakbar77]

As a student who's studying archaeology, I really like the focus on some prehistory! And nice job handling some of the more controversial factors

[@mightykanohii]

I wish i was studying archeology in university. How is it like ?

[@AdmiralSnakbar77]

@@mightykanohii well in my opinion, its pretty awesome! I've always been a history buff and so to study prehistorical and historical peoples and cultures hands on is kind of a dream. Definitely a profession for the passionate

[@dangerdan2592]

@@AdmiralSnakbar77 Do you pretty much have to get PhD to be able to make a living with archaeology? It sounds amazing but the stereotype is that there aren't many jobs in the field.

[@AdmiralSnakbar77]

@@dangerdan2592 in the academic field of archaeology that's often the case, and those jobs are highly competitive. But most jobs for archaeologists are actually in Culture Resource Management (CRM). For these jobs, you have a lot of archaeologists with bachelors and mostly masters degrees. There's also plenty of government jobs for archaeologists such as with the Navy or the National Parks service, which generally are good for any degree, bachelors and up. Higher is often seen as better though. Most archaeologists actually have Masters degrees.

[@dangerdan2592]

@@AdmiralSnakbar77 Well that's good to hear. I'm studying wildlife, which is something I love, but I also love history so I your area of study sounds exciting to me.

[@comradeurod9805]

I didn't know I needed or wanted this but I did. Thanks skall. Especially for that intro. Austria rarely gets much attention in history videos. Or atleast the ones I watch lol.

[@jonsnor4313]

Austria hurray, there are quite some archeological findings and cultural treasures, and lot of musees, and good food. My relatives volunteered in the germanendorf where they seek to recreate archiological stuff. That stuff could be someties on the channel, how accurate ate medieval faires and receational archiology. Funny bizarre tales about things that happened in wars The orign history of vienna is interesting too. The famous ötzi in in the austian-italian sort of independent south tyrole. That ha a video.

[@GaladorLP]

You mean South-Germany?

[@GaladorLP]

@@pongugy9828 The Two biggest Accomplishments of Austria: - convincing the World that Mozart was Austrian. -Convincing the World that Hitler was German. Just joking btw. i like our Brothers and sisters in the south

[@sailiealquadacil1284]

@@GaladorLP Not funny. We don't like being lumped in with the Germans. We don't even speak the same "language".

[@jonsnor4313]

: ( About the south austria comment, and the joke that an austrian (through he did become a sole geman citizen) did rule germany i know already.Its really just fun joking. Dont forget the house of habsburg. Mozart lived in the area vienna and salzburg that is austria now. and died there Germany has the whole famous drama writers, and good componists like beethoven too. And döner kebab, and blackbeard. And you have a successful soccer team.

[@marcovandermerwe3026]

"67 skeletons found in the outer ditch" I feel like there should be a power metal song with that title.

[@Observer29830]

67 skeletons found in the ditch, 67 skeletons, Take one out, pass it around 66 skeletons found in the ditch.

[@zaodedong9935]

You spelled Black Metal wrong. 😎

[@casey8898]

@@zaodedong9935 Or it could just be metal, who knows. Songs not made. Could be heavy metal. But common sense isn't as common as the term implies I heard. 😎

[@zaodedong9935]

@@casey8898 can't tell if that was a rib, or a shoot, but I was just joking around, power metal is pretty badass, but I like black metal more. 👌

[@kaneyoung7439]

@Pasha Staravoitau It's already been done by Nile

[@pkheretic1945]

Ahhh the good ol times When life expectancy was borderline nothing

[@BoxJoe136]

due to high infant mortality, although sounds terrible it was the biggest thing that enabled human evolution

[@philosophpascal]

about 65-70

[@brianmccarthy5557]

Why do people always say that when the evidence suggests otherwise? My ancestors lived in the far southwest of Ireland where life could often be harsh and violent, yet if they didn't die in early childhood from accidents or diseases were normally recorded as dying at ages no earlier than their late 50's and often close to 100. For many, many generations the men in my family didn't have their first children before thirty. The custom for both sexes wasn't even to marry until close to that age or later. So your grandparents were typically in their 60's or older and they played a major role in raising the children as both men and women had to work for the family to survive and prosper. This was true for me, was true for my grandparents and is true for my children and my nieces and nephews. The great decline in life spans, especially in western Europe, came with industrialization and the forced migration from the countryside due to the seizure of peasant's land.

[@sonoftheway3528]

Life expectancy for adults wasn't much lower than it is now. This misconception comes from high infant mortality bringing down the averages .

[@chriskelly6574]

Lived good and long in the paleolithic, it was the neolithic when we traded long life for high population. Been screwed ever since.

[@justsomeguy3931]

Human beings are far better adapted for the Stone Age than the Modern one. We spent MUCH more time evolving at that technology level. War is just humans organized enough to fight systematically over territory and resources. Whoever says war only began at this or that age is a fool. Chimps wage wage in the jungle, we separated from our common ancestor with them 6 million years ago. War is older than the human species... "Behold, war! Before which all other human endeavors pale in comparison."-General Patton

[@TimSlee1]

What if tribes always joined each other instead of fighting? Only in an alternate reality...

[@roguegallery549]

@@TimSlee1 then there would be no progress or little progress in society Conflict bred weapon;weapon bred technology, technology bred progress. Not peace, but conflict of all proportions. Just look at the shit im using to comment on youtube. This used to be DARPA exclusive stuff, god bless the soldiers and spies who bred the Internet.

[@TimSlee1]

@@roguegallery549 We cannot comprehend large scale innovation through peace, only through suffering and chaos.

[@Gottaculat]

@@roguegallery549 Ironically, warfare created peace; only when two factions are capable of mutual annihilation does violence cease being an option, and from that, trade and discussion are born. If I can end you as easily as you can end me, we will no doubt stay our hands, and instead just chest thump or possibly talk things out. If we're lucky, we will find we have more in common than different, and peace can be established. "Si vis pacem, para bellum." "If you want peace, prepare for war."

[@bobgatewood5277]

Beg to disagree with these comments (above this one). MOST advancements were done and occured during peace time, you need to understand what warfare is, if you remove the killing and the bloodiness, you're left with basically a competition. We've been competing with other intelligent agents (namely, wolves, big cats and even mice), to device tools effective enough, to pacify/destroy the opposing team (yes, think of most social activities, as mere, imaginary games). But animals don't present much of a challenge, so we win handily. The pace at which such agents develop countermeasures just won't compete. The only difference is that, other humans have what it takes to put us on the backfoot, forcing us to innovate much faster, in an arms (and technology) race. That's basically it, an incentive to innovate and advance (because who wins is that who leaves the other in the dust), and tye consequences of both, victory and defeat, are real good motivators to play the game of warfare. But that is a FAR cry, to come and try to say that, we've basically done jackshit without such motivation... quantum physics, algebra, calculus, geometry, general relativity, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, the scientific method, machining, metalworking, woodworking... ALL products of peacetime advancements, with no intention of military application. A lot of people like to think and innovate for its own sake, that's a part of being human (wished many more people were like that), life is much broad you guys, so think a little bit more, before jumping on the bandwagon of collective back patting. P.S: for the the guy just below this comment: @Just an Average Dragon nice work at (1 or more of the following): 1. Missing the point 2. Lazily read just half of my response 3. Cherry picking to make me say something I didn't. Nice try though.

[@unusualwale624]

YES!!! I've wanted a video like this for so long!!!!

[@marianxendor3974]

Me too

[@Themiddlemanofnothing]

The best kind of video

[@shawn6860]

Yup..swords are cool. But how they fought with lower tech and more reliant on skill and human strength.

[@Don-ds3dy]

#MeToo

[@mastathrash5609]

Agreed

[@david2odo]

"Detail in the cleavage." Your never living that one down Skall.

[@MMMadman0991]

So... neolithic greatclubs are basically cricket bats

[@LuvLikeTruck]

Isn't it cricket bats are basically neolithic clubs?

[@sneeringimperialist6667]

It's England, what can you do?

[@MatrixRefugee]

Now I've got the mental image of cartoon cavemen playing cricket...

[@OlStinky1]

The "greatclub" looks so unwieldy I can't help but wonder if it's actually tool for processing leather, beating grain, or something.

[@seand.g423]

@@MatrixRefugee FUHH-ckin' Hel...

[@retmarut4499]

Upper and Lower Austria have their names because they are upstream and downstream of the river Enns' mouth into the Danube. Upper Austria = Oberösterreich from 'Österreich ob der Enns' = Austria above the Enns Lower Austria = Niederösterreich from 'Österreich nieder der Enns' = Austria below the Enns

[@KSEG]

I really, really love when Skall does the prehistoric stuff like in this video and the Ice Man stuff. Maybe its because of his background in archaeology and anthropology, but it feels he's really intimate with the subject and its a joy to hear him talk about it.

[@DMRaptorJesus]

Always wanted to run a Stone Age fantasy style RPG.

[@blan_k4691]

Same. The simplicity of the game play combined with the brutality would be fucking dope.

[@hunterkoons2008]

I would assume magic (if it exists in that universe) would be primative too. Imagine fighting something that would still be deadly in a medieval fantasy like a dragon.

[@DMRaptorJesus]

@@hunterkoons2008 Yeah I feel like a major aspect of the game would be about discovery. Discovering new ways to fight, live finding how magic works, like a PC might be one of those guys a spells named after.

[@afiqrafridza5228]

Try farcry primal

[@arkinyte13]

Give it Darksouls combat system and different fighting animations with each mele weapon. And you got a better cave man game then far cry primal.

[@ManicPandaz]

“Little bunny Foo Foo Hopping through the forest Scooping up the field mice And boppin' 'em on the head!…” Aka, ancient war time

[@CarrotConsumer]

I hope they got turned into goonies.

[@AlphaKnight-hg2jq]

Took a bunch of women Killed everyone else I think we have goblins here

[@Don-ds3dy]

(-_-)

[@AlphaKnight-hg2jq]

look i can make faces too ; )

[@Don-ds3dy]

@@AlphaKnight-hg2jq dont compare my culture to that of goblins you bigot.

[@enriquegarcia2790]

Souka

[@enriquegarcia2790]

I see.........

[@martinlarsson8947]

Liked it straigth after the intro. Great stuff Skall!

[@ryansmith2045]

I love the editing in this video with you waist up and presented images on the side. The club as a pointing stick was nice too lol

[@taculo3231]

sticks and stones may break my bones, bu-ow they really hurt. still an inferior age: no pommels

[@Leftyotism]

they clearly had pommels: 5:48

[@krein6121]

There is a pommel shape on the club!

[@weswolever7477]

Sticks and stones can more effectively break bones when the stone is securely lashed to a stick and swung with sufficient effort

[@beebeebees]

Did you see skalls weapon? Its nothing but pommel!

[@gloriouscontent3538]

A rock is as good as a pommel, and slings were around back then.

[@pathfindersavant3988]

Fun fact: When Shad got his Time Machine from Blue, he and Skal went back in time to learn the ways of neolithic combat from Otzi

[@owllymannstein7113]

I thought they went back to make sweet love to cave women?

[@pathfindersavant3988]

@@owllymannstein7113 Skal might've, but probably not Shad, on account of his being a good Mormon lad staying true to his wife. Sadly, their visit was cut short by Metatron getting in an argument with Otzi and then shooting him for daring to insult the glory that is good Pasta

[@megacandid8789]

IMO the ditch and fence system may 'also' be used for keeping animals out, no one wants a moose/bison or whatever just wandering through your settlement

[@arya31ful]

Mooses and Bisons were free food back then, i'm sure it's for keeping carnivores away.

[@kabob0077]

Mega Candid DON'T SAY THAT WORD!

[@andrescrespo2514]

arya31ful eka I would say even back then that you would not want wild animals roaming into your camp at any random time, especially at night. If your hunters are out on a long hunt that might take a few days the ditch keeps you even more safe.

[@Chriscraft-ug3sz]

kabob 007 don’t say what word

[@marleegould542]

That is probably how it started, yes! But those same defenses against animals would also work against humans, especially if you have ranged weapons like slings and bows. I'm curious as to what the defenses where at this settlement, and if they found any weapons that where used. 🤔

[@CarbonTheCrab]

Skall is incredibly educational. Also his voice is very calming and makes me want to nap.

[@loomers4232]

thought you were actually wearing the armor and was like "Ha what a dork." But I was bamboozled and tricked to make ME the dork.

[@marleegould542]

Damn, bamboozled again!

[@chemusvandergeek1209]

Pretty sure kids have *always* talked about stupid nonsense.

[@arya31ful]

50,000BC kid : "dude, i just killed a pack of mammoth with my bare hands yesterday. Our chief was so impressed he gives me all of his daughter including your mom"

[@HappyBeezerStudios]

"No, don't go outside, it's way to dangerous with those big cats. Better stay inside and play with your axe." - "But Grok wanted to show me where he found a mammoth skull."

[@benthomason3307]

"All these freaking kids with their newfangled "spear" things! Back in my day we just threw rocks! and we liked it!"

[@maucazalv903]

"I swear to you, there is gold in that mammuth ass, look!" *show a piece of shit with a maize in it*

[@benthomason3307]

@@maucazalv903 "what's gold? is that some kind of fruit?"

[@MajoraZ]

While not actually "Stone age" cultures (since they actually did smelt bronze, and generally were more comparable to cultures from classical antiquity in terms of stuff like city sizes, emphasis on the arts and intellectualism, govermental complexity, etc), i'd love to see you do videos on the wood and stone weapons from Mesoamerican cultures, like the Aztec. People often talk about the Macuahuitl, but so little is actually said about it's actual role in Mesoamerican warfare and the different types of it, let alone other Mesoamerican weaponry or overall battlefield tactics: They had a variety of polearms, from the Tepoztpopilli (a sort of slashing spear), a glaive varient on the Macuahuitl, thrusting spears, various types of clubs and maces, both with spherical heads (Quauhololli), stone flanges (Huitzauhqui), or morning stars (Macuqhuitzoctli), and simplier wooden clubs/batons (Cuahuitl), slings, atlatl, blowguns, bows, various types of dart and arrow projectiles to use with them; various types of shields and body armor made of sizes, shapes, and materials, etc.

[@DonVigaDeFierro]

He ain't gonna pronounce all those wacky names, dude. But it would be cool. Little is known about the Mesoamerican culture of warfare.

[@bassemb]

He's made a video about weapons without metal and includes the Macuahuitl kzbin.info/www/bejne/aHSZkKOJerWVhZo

[@darwindoveblood7331]

Most Meso cultures valued prisoner slaves as living status symbols denoting ones capacity as a Warrior. Hence a lot of their weapons are designed to be nonfatal. Also with the Aztec's religion particularly, such prisoners were valuable sacrifices. Killing them in battle was not the intention, which is unusual for battle, and justified the implement of some of their more unique weaponry.

[@wolfspirittotem]

Agreed Aztec and Maya people plz ...well there's the Inca too.

[@MitchJohnson0110]

He already covered non-metal weapons

[@marcocammozzo7553]

Loving these in depth videos about bodies related to battles! Good job :)

[@roguegen5536]

Skall. I haven't watched you in a while, but this was freaking great man.

[@NORTH02]

Thanks for helping me write part of my next video, excellent presentation!

[@villevn]

Stone Age technology is very interesting, wouldn't mind seeing some tests!

[@SwordTune]

They got a lot done with pieces of wood and stone.

[@jimboonie9885]

@@SwordTune and sharp pointy things

[@GaladorLP]

Lower Austria isnt about lower on the map, but literally being lower, as there are more plains and not the high mountains of the Alps

[@00Trademark00]

Same as lower Egypt.

[@LukasSchratz]

It always refers to the position along the (biggest) river - here of course the danube, flowing from west to east, hence lower austria is to the east. Funny how people have a problem with that concept looking at a map as those names were used, when no "google maps" existed ;-)

[@wu1ming9shi]

@@LukasSchratz Another proof that people are getting "dumber"...

[@kargaist]

I'ts about the orientation towards the Enns river ("österreich ob der enns" and "österreich unter der enns".) But even appart from that during the medieval period there was no universal standard for the orientaion of maps. So many where actually oriented towards the south, which makes comparing these old names to the orientation on our modern maps even more impractical

[@retmarut4499]

@@kargaist in medieval times many (European) maps were oriented towards the -west- east because that's where the sun rose and where Jerusalem, the most sacred of all cities, lies.

[@Heartless-Sage]

I'm a great fan of the Stone age (ages?) so this is a great video for me and even better to see excellent sourcing in the video not just stuck in the description. :D Excellent video all around.

[@Don-ds3dy]

#MeToo

[@imdone8243]

@@Don-ds3dy my boi #MeToo is about rape. Actually false accusations mostly.

[@MrMhtmht]

"Lower" always means far away from mountains here in german speaking areas. It is a word for the ACTUAL topographic, not for compass directions. In Germany(aka switzerland, austria, belgium, netherlands, Silesia, Pommerania) the south is "higher" germany, and the north is "lower" germany. Most famous is probably Niederschlesien(Lower Silesia) and Oberschlesien(Upper Silesia). The same goes for Sachsen/Saxony and Niedersachsen/Lower Saxony - because lower saxony is closer to the sea and the land is more flat. If you have a river coming down from a mountain, the part on the mountain would be called "higher" and the one in the valley "lower". The Language we speak is also "Niederdeutsch" (lower german) which was spoken in northern germany and is now only spoken in the netherlands, and "Hochdeutsch", which is spoken in middle german areas with hills like the Teutoburger Forest.

[@honkytonk4465]

Low german is still spoken in northern Germany!Why are you spreading such obvious misinformation?Also Teutoburger Wald isn't part of middle german area.

[@Dareios4297]

The modern Hochdeutsch/ high German is actually one of the niederdeutschen/ lower German dialects as it is mostly influenced by the dialect spoken in the area of Hannover, which is part of the lower German language area. What you are referencing as lower German is most likely plattdeutsch/ flat German which has high similarities to the Dutch language. A high German dialect would be Schwäbisch/ Swabian or bayrisch/Bavarian, a middle German dialect would be Hessisch or sächsisch/ Saxon.

[@charlesmckinley29]

Sounds like the attack from “Active Self-Protection” where the guy was attacked with the tie iron. Brutal.

[@theawkwardskeleton6608]

I now want to see a recreation of a possible War Scenario from the Stone Age

[@marianxendor3974]

Me too, the closest thing we have Right now is FarCry Primal

[@propyro85]

I would imagine it would be pretty uncoordinated and undisciplined. I don't think the notion of training professional soldiers came about until the Classic era. I could also be totally wrong, and would love to know if someone trained full time professional soldiers before the Greeks did.

[@ErdricksArmor]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/l3_GiXpjqKp3o6c Best I could find...

[@bosknight7837]

F I find it really amazing that these civilizations had fortified cities and militaries when people in most other parts of the world still lived in caves

[@CF-qm1gp]

"Tarzan used ooga booga" "It was super effective"

[@lunaci1103]

These videos are always so cool. They remind me of being in a class that I enjoy, listening to a classmate's presentation. Great work Skall!

[@jacobpahl972]

Holy shit that book Sticks, Stones, and Broken Bones: Neolithic Violence in a European Perspective is a $152.00 that’s insanely expensive. so thanks for summing it up haha

[@AnotherBrownAjah]

Dude this your best video. Thank you for making content

[@Gottaculat]

* Been binging Cyberpunk 2077 with crazy futuristic cybernetic warfare; sees video by Skallagrim about stone age warfare... * "Yes, please."

[@cris10smit]

Haven't watched the video yet, I'm commenting to let you know that you did a great job with the thumbnail. It's really eye catching, i saw it and thought it was intriguing, made me click right away!

[@irishdc9523]

This, Otzi and flint napping. Are you planning on doing a series on the Stone Age?

[@Reverse-Isekai_Victim]

That would be awesome.

[@gamarus0kragh]

Yes please do

[@tubekulose]

"Ötzi" or "Oetzi", but not "Otzi"

[@tylerwhaley4872]

@@tubekulose shut it kid

[@tubekulose]

@@tylerwhaley4872 How civilised, civilised german!

[@redshifted8790]

Hey Skall. I just wanted to leave a big thank you and that I highly appreciate your engagement to satisfy your viewers by talking about the things they are interested in. Reading comments and taking the input into consideration is what in my opinion is crucial for a good youtuber. That being said: MOOOOOORE!! I NEED MOOOOORE!!!!

[@kovi567]

11:25 Depends on your language. In hungarian, war is háború, while if two people are angry at each other, they háborognak, so for us that is enough for a war.

[@sa.8208]

this came on autoplay after some random video i was listning to whilst sleeping... your voice woke me up, i thought jordan peterson had gone mad

[@Dark89Avenger]

Yeah, those are my favorite type of videos published by Skall. Basically video on a topic that I knew nothing about and didn't find very interesting and now after the video I wanna know all about it

[@dayel11]

YES. As a anthropoligist this is my wet dream. Keep being awesome, skall!

[@alvinoflys7504]

but how did you spell it wrong? lol

[@jasminmustafic5997]

Weirdly I love Skall when he shills. It's so direct and straightforward that there's a weird comedy about it, while also transparently obviously being a sponsored promotion. Cool video though. It's interesting to see how combat really started out.

[@Tekdruid]

"I mean look at the detail on that cleavage!" Love it.

[@seanharris8419]

If you mean combat with weapons then yeah, but if you’re talking about what the origins of human violence in general looked like, all you really need to do is watch a video of 2 troops of chimps fighting each other.

[@zachmays1642]

Love the long think, good job Grug.

[@dakwa1]

I remember reading C. W. Cowpler, which I am having a hard time finding again. His book; "History of weapons and war" was very good. It was basically a summery of weapons and warfare from Neolithic to the turn of the Century 1900's. His comments, which I found a lot of reference to in my Anthropology studies, was a lot of the early fighting was for resources, and bride wars. Being that they had to from time to time bring in new blood into the clans, they would raid other clans and villages for women of breeding ages. This is known to continue in many primitive cultures until the early to mid 20th century. But resources were another issue, as land for planting, hunting, minerals were all needed by many cultures, and war could break out.

[@taylors1545]

Maybe the killing of children and infants was out of mercy? Survival was tough for a group of adults, but for children alone? Nearly impossible. Maybe it wasn't. Killing children too eliminates immediate resource competition and long-term retribution. Guessing it was a bit of both.

[@sk84lifeMS]

Yeeah this is that good shit! Great video Skall, very interesting.

[@doesntmatter5857]

I really enjoy grumpy old Cave-Skallagrim.

[@Hakaanu]

Excellent video! One of your best yet!

[@pepperspray7386]

Native American tribes went to war with each other all the time. There was an entire warrior ethos surrounding a lot of the Tribes in North America. Nomadic peoples did/do in fact have a sense of ownership of the lands they moved through. Even Arthur C. Clarke had the idea that the first humans went to war before they thought about cultivation, or civilization. If you hear someone trying to sell you a different idea of humanity, they're probably sociologists selling an ideology, not archaeologists digging into where we all came from. Why do we have female vikings raiding England now? Sociologists control history, that's why.

[@TimSlee1]

There were technically some female Vikings. Just like there were Russian, French and English queens etc.. But since men are more inclined to leadership roles they were mare more prominent in the history books.

[@jeepstertj556]

African tribes that were still in the stone age would war with each other also. The chickasaw Indians were always in a state of war and had fortified villages strategically placed where they could back up another village if under attack. The British use to call the chickasaw Indians the Spartans of the south. Stone age peoples in Europe probably had brutal tribal wars because food was a lot more scarce in Europe during the ice age

[@jeepstertj556]

@El Shevii that's exactly who I was thinking of was the bushmen primarily, but even other tribes that were using metal still had a neolithic life style living in stick huts and what not. The aborigines from Australia where basically in the stone age still But even some American natives had some metal but they didn't use it to make weapons, they stayed with stone

[@jeepstertj556]

@El Shevii me too I agree, ancient humans were a lot more advanced than most people think

[@andrescrespo2514]

Buddy are you seriously trying to compare Native Americans from like the 1400-1900s to people living in 10-8000 bc? You seem like you got some pretty serious biases if you’re trying to compare those groups and think that it is just because sociologists.

[@tanegurnick5071]

Maori of new Zealand were in the stone age 200 years ago, and they were very violent

[@NefariousKoel]

The stone age cultures discovered during written history were mostly rather violent. Especially vicious tribal warfare against their neighbors for very long periods.

[@tanegurnick5071]

@@NefariousKoel hence the warrior culture

[@pakkazull8370]

Europeans of Europe were in the modern age 100 years ago and they were also very violent

[@MizanQistina]

@@pakkazull8370 Today world is more violent than ever

[@mistakenotou7681]

@@pakkazull8370 in terms of actual outcome yes but it doesnt get too close so wedont see people bashing eachother like primative times its now sosthy bombing and messiles that cause more damage but dont look that violent from distance .

[@Grimlock-y6l]

1.1 million subs wow congratulations dude I remember the 100,000 club

[@akselihalonen225]

This is the most interesting topic for a while. More videos about Stone Age?

[@KorithStoneheart]

You're like an ancient world ballistics expert! Love the content, brother!

[@johannesmayerl7345]

Great video Skal, I haven't been watching for a while now but content like this will definitely make me return on a more regular basis

[@angelagonzalez8250]

how come no one ever mentions the copper age, they go straight to the bronze age.

[@outrighteight8205]

imo copper is just too shocking. although it is easy to conduct a conversation with someone who brings it up. I'll see myself out....

[@TommyBaggins]

The stone age: when people knew how to end each other rightly. But seriously, that's some terrifying stuff.

[@ineednochannelyoutube5384]

The idea that leople ahouldnt opportunistically murder one another really only came to be accepted on a large scale in roman times, and even then only because rome was large enough to encompass all the various citystates that had so far concidered one another free game. Morality in the modern sense didnt exist outside of ones direct culture until christianity became prevalent, and even there it was rather limited. Life was cheap, suffering was ever present and inevitable, and death could come at a moments notice with no warning. In our current culture built on the backs of rennassaince humanism, and enlightenment era philosophy the attitudes of most people in the past appear monstrois and psycholathic. If Adolf Hitler and Iosef Staline lived two hundred years earlier, thsy would be hailed as great leaders of men and unparalelled heroes to this day. It really is true that the avrage person underestimates the casual brutality man is capable of, if he merely just convinces himself those standing in front of him dont matter.

[@Taima]

@@ineednochannelyoutube5384 "The idea that leople ahouldnt opportunistically murder one another really only came to be accepted on a large scale in roman times, and even then only because rome was large enough to encompass all the various citystates that had so far concidered one another free game." Gonna need citations of some kind bud. I don't see any reason to think why the Greeks or Chinese or Egyptians or various Middle Eastern civilizations or arguably sufficiently organized and developed groups in general wouldn't have come to that realization themselves.

[@ineednochannelyoutube5384]

@@Taima The yearly scheduled war between Athens and Sparta, or Nubia and Egypt disagrees with you. The smaller the ingroup, the greater the opportunity for conflict. Hell, the greeks were constantly pillaging one another with the mutual belief that they are the only beacon of high civilization in existance. And even that didnt stop them from constantly being at war with one another for no good reason. I wont bother citing sources for something that is self evidently obvious.

[@corwinhyatt519]

"Humans are rather violent animals by nature." Nature is rather violent on the whole, not just our niche part of it.

[@juicebox_jpi7310]

that funhaus fugitive hunter playlist led me to an entirely different place at the end lmao

[@bullie86]

You, sir, have earned yourself my subscription. Carry on.

[@nocfox3050]

For a hot minute, I thought you were wearing an actual cloak with fur.. I thought you were being extremely still so the cloak or fur wouldn't rub against the mic.. Then I realized that you just had a picture overlaid ontop of you

[@cavareenvius7886]

Not gonna lie, i was thinking that too. Until i realize that his grass coat thingy is a little to silient to be real.

[@nocfox3050]

Cavare Envius Yeah, that took me awhile for it to hit me as well..

[@arnaudmenard5114]

Could have been a raid. The story sounds Banditish to me...a group battle, the women’s taken, village deserted, the fallen left where they fell... Finding valuables around the village would disprove my idea, but i am not the one who can or will dig around the place!

[@CazadorSlayer]

I'd say it's a pretty safe assumption to make, banditry existing during that time period. Why waste your time farming, when you could beat Bob over the head and take his potatoes instead? There will always be violent bastards willing to kill and steal their way to the top, no matter the time period...

[@arnaudmenard5114]

Neolithic valuables? Well made pots, polished stone tools, pearls or nacre, bone blades or sewing needles/awls, leather, anything made from ivory or antler, honey/sweet things... all those things are either a major pain to get or make.

[@FrikInCasualMode]

@@arnaudmenard5114 I'd say livestock. Even much, much later raids for cows, horses and sheep were a common part of warfare.

[@Kaefer1973]

@@arnaudmenard5114 Not to forget that there was a trading route all the way from Spain to China during the Neolithic Stone age, as evidenced by Chinese Jade found in Neolithic settlements in different parts of Europe, transported along which would later be called the Silk Road. Obviously Europe has to have had something of value to trade back for the Jade.

[@winniolanimus4995]

Got an idea /a Wish for a Video: could you please Talk about "switching the swordhand in battle"...? Was that a Thing in sword duels? How practical is it?

[@opwards]

Great video Skal. A good shake up. Really informative.

[@theolaa]

Best video you've done in a while. I love it!

[@Random-World-Eater]

me: sees thumbnail also me: unga bunga intensifies.

[@shawn6860]

That paddle-club with an edge from inset stones or chissled looks like it could be deadly. War as I see it for stoneage would be tribal, not unlike native tribes. Skall what do you think of the idea of stone age martial arts and armour? Weapons seem pretty straight foreward.

[@CazadorSlayer]

Skall seems to have gone over their martial arts pretty well in this video. "BEAT HEAD WITH BIG STICK TILL IT STOP SQUEALING! HYAAAARGH!"

[@shawn6860]

Was thinking more along the lines of hand to hand to hand. Did they mimic animals? Did they grapple? Would advanced punching/Kicking happen with out gloves? that sort of thing. Weapons wise I cant see a lot of advanced stuff..but they had spears, clubs and slings/bows. and plenty of Stick Technique...lol!

[@CazadorSlayer]

@@shawn6860 I imagine hand-to-hand wise, they would simply rely on instinct more than anything. Maybe some of them would try to mimic animals, if not for it being actually effective techniques, than for the sheer fear factor of a big hulking man acting like a wild beast while howling like a mad-man. Other than that, it was probably really simplistic grappling and punching. Anything you could imagine would come natural to you is probably what they did. From the results of these injuries, I would imagine their fighting techniques rely more on brute force than technique, and their hand-to-hand combat would most likely fair similarly...or as I like to put it... *BIG MAN THROW LIL MAN ON GROUND N PUNCH TILL STOP SQUEALING! HYAAAAAGH!*

[@bavarianpotato]

@@CazadorSlayer They probably had pretty elaborate fighting styles. There's no state, no god, no laws. No obvious hierarchy. Probably, they would've fought about the alpha position within a village or tribe, so they might've fought a lot.

[@hymanocohann2698]

Worked for the Inca .

[@Leftyotism]

Even Ötzi had Tattoos and mastered fire and hunting, with his well made weapons, clothes and tools; he was probably murdered though : >

[@ontheedgeofshadow2790]

Thank you for that beautiful Intro Skall, Love it! keep up the good work

[@ansast883]

Skallagrim, Iove your history videos, and the details, and technical ideas. Very cool !

[@user-sm5sj6mg2t]

"Baseball hit to the teeth" Funny how it's been 10 000 years or so and we still use these techniques

[@kevinpappers4494]

If it aint broke.... Dont fix it

[@iapetusmccool]

@@kevinpappers4494 if it ain't broke... hit it with a club until is is.

[@Radagast49230]

at 7 minutes you refer to injuries from paddle like clubs on the skull from above being while an opponent is already down. You also see the same pattern when those climbing field fortifications are struck by defenders from the top of those fortifications.

[@Hercules1-v9m]

Oog, Boog, and Gonk sitting around the fire telling stories about the Halabunga with Apple Tribe.

[@desfox3685]

Me talk to Longnose man today, tell me that six longnose tribe die in holobunga. Six? That a lot. Me think holobunga fake.

[@digigod0]

Good video! More history related than some of your other stuff but it was very interesting. I’d watch more if you keep making things like this.

[@TheBoxpop]

This was really interesting I'd love to see more videos about archeology like this one !

[@orsettomorbido]

I imagine that the author wrote the book JUST to title it like that HAHAHAHA

[@burritowyrm6530]

The first primitive human to discover farming was like grow GRowww GROOOOWWWW

[@Neiot]

I'm picturing an angry grunt screaming at his crops at the top of his lungs while onlookers slowly back away.

[@cavareenvius7886]

@@Neiot Why plant no grow? Plant makes Grunt angry! *Hits plant with club* Plant now will grow?

[@bcn1gh7h4wk]

the first human to discover farming probably dropped a seed from a previous meal on the ground, came back a few weeks later and found a plant that curiously correlated with his memory of dining on that place a week before. "hey! this place spawns plants! let's come back to this place for food!" fast forward a decade, and now they're keeping plants on controlled spots. fast forward a century, and now they're transporting plants. fast forward a millennium, and now there's intentionally sown fields.

[@Neiot]

@@bcn1gh7h4wk Hey, you're thinking logically. Stop that. We don't think logically here.

[@richhartnell6233]

Burrito Wyrm Cavemen hate him! Learn how to spawn food with this one simple trick!

[@BeefbrothHD3L]

6:56 They were fighting Nephilim obviously

[@Dreamklubdk]

This is the content I love on this channel! Good work Skall!

[@DarkNobleSon]

Damn I love how in-depth your videos are.

[@azchris1979]

I appreciate how you are skeptical about any conclusions and keep an open mind. I hear people talk about "inventing the idea of property" as if it is a certainty that at one point in time nobody had the concept of "owning something" and I think, "Isn't it at least equally likely that they figured they owned everything and we 'invented' recognizing other's rights?"

[@poodie3887]

I agree with you’re observation

[@fuckoff5893]

Ah, the ancient paleolithic adage, “its not yours if you can’t defend it” -some caveman probably

[@azchris1979]

@@fuckoff5893 Exactly. In the wild, the strong one wins.

[@fuckoff5893]

azchris1979 grug agree.

[@MrNyagasu]

This Raid mobile has been sponsoring almost every channel I'm subscribed to.

[@jameskoch9567]

Historians: "Humans would have had no reason to war. They had little concept of land or property." Neolithic Man: "Swiggity swooty, lootin' that booty."

[@quynlanvuorensyrja5484]

We’ve always understood the difference between having food and not having food. That’s enough of a reason.

[@philjamieson5572]

I think these are very well researched, and fair ideas. Thanks for putting this on here.

[@bingus9984]

Awesome video, love the history and the club lol