@@DenverLoveless .01 mm = 0.0003937008 in (so if you are rounding up, you would be losing that precision) This is similar to comparing precision of Celsius vs. Fahrenheit markings on the same thermometer. These are just different scale measurements.
@susanthajayagoda10122 жыл бұрын
I am 60 years. Still learning. No time limits to learn. Learning things our whole life.
@kritizismmusics9737 Жыл бұрын
had to learn this for gunsmithing im23. thank god micrometers make reading weapon schematics easier.
@lahatemabdul5614 Жыл бұрын
❤ ضرر ش
@bernieshort97743 жыл бұрын
I am an engineer and have been reading mic's for years. You have made this task much easier for many I would assume, especially in this digital age where most digital callipers are not as accurate as micrometers. First class video.
@preetamyadav79522 жыл бұрын
@@macbrick66 mechanical engineer and not using micrometer????
@mrbillgoode Жыл бұрын
@@preetamyadav7952 where do you see the "mechanical " in his statement, dickhead! en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_engineering_branches
@preetamyadav7952 Жыл бұрын
@@mrbillgoode It is better to be dickhead than shagging balls .
@mrbillgoode Жыл бұрын
@@preetamyadav7952 You're a clinical moron
@skydyverjym6 жыл бұрын
FINALLY. Someone who actually teaches and explains. Nobody else actually learns you how, not even the manufacturers. They just kinda throw about 1/4 of what you need in your general vicinity. THANK YOU SIR
@severskin6 жыл бұрын
Good video... Cleared it right up for me.
@kentyler9662 жыл бұрын
Old Tool and die maker tip: On the small 0-1”, 1”-2” Mike I am right handed so I take my 0-1” in my right palm and loop my pinky finger around the frame of the mic. Now a have I positive grip with my pinky my thumb and index finger to spin the barrel for an accurate measurement and you never slip and drop your expensive mic.
@joyous10112 жыл бұрын
I'm a CNC milling machine operator, I'm new to having to read micrometers you have made this seem rather simple. Hopefully now I won't be a ball of confusion when trying to measure my parts 🤞🏽 Thankyou!
@StuartdeHaro2 жыл бұрын
I'm glad it helped. Feel free to ask me any questions you have. I'm happy to help.
I used to work for a subsidiary company of McDonald Douglas in the early 70s as Machinist I machine parts for the DC-10 you don't know what pressure is until you have an FAA inspector working alongside you I changed careers became a finish Carpenter now I'm retired thanks for this refresher course it will help me when I start to rebuild my off-road trucks engines
@TheRhino-274 жыл бұрын
I've been a wiring harness technician for a little of a year. You just made it so much easier for me to read crimp heights on the terminals when setting up my press.
@StuartdeHaro4 жыл бұрын
Awesome. I'm glad it helped! Thanks for watching!
@douglasbattjes39913 жыл бұрын
Excellently done, finally someone who can explain the readings, tenths , thousands, ten thousands.. Thx very much
@derpymcderpster34474 жыл бұрын
Let's all have a round of applause for how much simpler and logical the metric system is to use.
@milojanis49013 жыл бұрын
The metric system is ABSOLUTELY 💯% better than the English system. I can't believe the SAE system is so inferior, it's hard to believe it has held the upper hand for this long......
@louf71783 жыл бұрын
Mind you, the metric mic only had 3 significant digits. That's why this _seemed_ "so much more logical".
@DStead22393 жыл бұрын
@@louf7178 It needs less decimal placings because it's a fraction of a mm which is smaller than the same decimal placed fraction of an inch🤦♂️.. I.e you can measure to the thousandth of a mm if you chose but it is much smaller than .001" which is equal to 0.0254mm which you'd round to 0.025mm as 0.0004mm is .000015748" which is a scale you'd never measure down to in inches anyway. Metric system doesn't "seem" more logical, it is... Just like freezing point is 0°c, boiling point is 100°c, logical. Unlike that Fahrenheit garbage, inch, pound, gallon nonsense
@thomasb-k41043 жыл бұрын
“Duh metric is easier because I don’t have to do my maffs in me head”
@rotamrofsnart3 жыл бұрын
@@thomasb-k4104 more about just having to remember one value instead of 5.
@tokunboayodele15996 ай бұрын
You “DEFINITELY” and example of a good teacher … breaking everything down in more simpler way!!!! Thank you Sir 👌💯
@billhenning3 жыл бұрын
I was never taught how to read a micrometer and these HF models don't come with any instructions so your video was extremely helpful. Clear and concise with good examples. Thank you for making this!
@eliezerbendaniel3625 Жыл бұрын
Thank you very much. I loved my father may he rest in peace (who was a machinest) so much that I wanted to work with him all day. In high school I took metal shop and I worked my way thru college for 6 years. I always had a hard time with micrometers. You explained it very nicely. I still have his tool chest from 70 years ago and all of his tools say "made in America".
@bake162 Жыл бұрын
Well done, I just stumbled on this and decided to do a refresher ( it’s been 50 years since I read one) you had me organized immediately, nice clear concise instructions.
@markolivergalzote3793 жыл бұрын
Thank you for subscription and for my studying for my successful in my job
@peterwilisch13293 жыл бұрын
The best explanation I have ever seen on how to read Inch micrometers.
@prestonerrett18573 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much Stuart, I could have used this a week ago while starting a new job. My "trainer" gave me 30 seconds of training and said go for it and left me WAY confused. I know I'm better off now.
@StuartdeHaro3 жыл бұрын
I'm glad it helped. Congrats on the new job!
@cannonfodder43762 жыл бұрын
This was a remarkably clear and concise explanation. For what ever reason, my nervous self had frequent brain farts using this at my A&P school and the teachers were not often clear on how to use them. A very helpful video to reference for my refresher course before my United Airlines interview the other day. Excellent work.
@StuartdeHaro2 жыл бұрын
I'm glad it helped. Good luck!
@MajinGouken2 жыл бұрын
I’m here cause I had a UA interview and forgot how to read a micrometer. Gonna go back and take a retest.
@RobertornGar Жыл бұрын
What job at United Airlines requires you to know how to use a micrometer? Just curious
@cannonfodder4376 Жыл бұрын
@Roberto Garcia Tech Ops or backstop jobs. If you work on landing gear or engine overhauls you definitely will be using micrometers.
@RoadsterLove6 жыл бұрын
A simple 16 min video taught me more than my professor, ain’t that some shit haha
@mcmahon11304 жыл бұрын
@@benjaminhollingsworth3094 Eh, let's not to that far.
@JOSEGONZALEZ-wx9fb4 жыл бұрын
Word man. I feel the same way.
@tobiassomething11883 жыл бұрын
same here, I was learning through online quizzes for my college and I could not learn crap from the robots talking.
@Agrofutur3 жыл бұрын
same
@mcmahon11303 жыл бұрын
@@shawnmendrek3544 147 people?! That’s like the entire population!
@detroitrcwurks9982 жыл бұрын
Appreciate it brother! Goin back into CNC milling & lathe work tomorrow morning after 25 years of automotive technician repair. I've done this work before about 22 years ago so i really needed a refreshers course on the micrometer readings again. 10:36 minute mark was all i needed. This brings back even the metric memory stuff. Thanks a ton friend. Greatly appreciate these important videos!!
@StuartdeHaro2 жыл бұрын
I'm glad it helped. Good luck with the new job!
@acerjuglans383 Жыл бұрын
I'm in my 50s, and I've finally learned how to read micrometers. Thanks!
@rickysanchez35995 жыл бұрын
I'm in college right now and right now i have learned more from you than i ever did in class. THANK YOU!!!!!!!!!!
@JaySkunkWorks3 жыл бұрын
kzbin.info/www/bejne/j4DOYXmIhtGWacU
@baronburgamot2437 ай бұрын
I'm a metric guy from the UK but I recently got and old (1950s) American truck and of course all the critical engine dimensions are in Imperial. So this video was spectacularly useful! As I had no clue how to read an imperial mic. Now I do. So easy to follow and understand. Thank you
@StuartdeHaro7 ай бұрын
You're very welcome. Thanks for watching!
@davelauridsen45 жыл бұрын
Thank you. I recently got a promotion into bearing inspection. I was really apprehensive but told, it's no big deal... we'll teach you what you need to know. So I took the job but they didn't really teach me how to read the mics properly and I fumble on my own. This video will help.
@StuartdeHaro5 жыл бұрын
Congrats on the promotion. Good luck!
@iantheorem4 жыл бұрын
This is opening up a whole new world to me and is making me appreciate my grandfather more being that he was a master machinist and had many calipers like these laying around his shop
@StuartdeHaro4 жыл бұрын
I'm glad you got something out of it. My grandfather also worked with machine tools, but unfortunately I didn't find that out until close to the end of his life. I always knew him as this grumpy guy who talked about jazz and the war all the time. It wasn't until I got a job as a machinist that he talked about his time at the power company doing maintenance machining. He had been retired my entire life, so I had never even thought about what he had done for a living. At least he and I got to share a little shop talk there at the end. Thanks for watching!
@iantheorem4 жыл бұрын
Stuart de Haro You’re Welcome. I’m glad you got to talk with yours about this kind of stuff. Mine passed away when I was 8
@dcat40064 жыл бұрын
I HAVE USED ONE A LITTLE BUT NEVER HAD ANY ONE EXPLAIN HOW AND WHY NOW IT MAKES SENSE. THANK YOU FOR SHARING.
@gsrikin85574 жыл бұрын
Uhdo
@dealerofburningsalt36493 жыл бұрын
Got a job interview and test tomorrow, not sure what to expect and this video made a simple and informative refresher ! Thank you!
@StuartdeHaro3 жыл бұрын
Good luck! Let me know how it goes.
@dealerofburningsalt36493 жыл бұрын
@@StuartdeHaro I am so happy for your video, because without it I would of been done. I really appreciate it. It went very well, 3 hours of roasting, but I feel confident about it.
@StuartdeHaro3 жыл бұрын
@@dealerofburningsalt3649 Awesome. Good to hear.
@BeADad24475 ай бұрын
I just took a masterclass! I feel i earned a diploma! Great video!
@jamesrobins10964 жыл бұрын
Excellent instruction for my wife and I. Thank you Stuart.
@brianjmortensen2 жыл бұрын
I found this immeasurably helpful ! Precision quality video, on a scale of its own right down to the finite detail, sir !
@narendrabogavelli7648 Жыл бұрын
Thank you for the tutorial,it was easily understandable and your video was also done with care so that viewers can easily see the small readings you were explaining.Thankyou again for your effort and time.
@brandonshort65434 жыл бұрын
Awesome explanation Stuart, I have been watching a lot of this type of videos. Your explanation is the best I have seen. Finally understand my micrometer. Thanks!
@jgarcia73224 жыл бұрын
Excellent video. Pointing at scale with the pencil as you explained made it easier for me to understand. Some of the other videos just turn the thimble and talk. If your new to reading a micrometer it harder to understand. Nice job, now I understand. Thanks
@daniellillywhite483325 күн бұрын
A Huge thankyou for posting this video, i have a test coming up on motor mechanics, i found the way i have been taught to use these very confusing, you have made it very clear. credit to you
@dolphincliffs88642 жыл бұрын
I love this video! Going to school to be a welder but have a class in the damn machine shop! Sold the 1955 Atlas lathe but kept the measuring tools,just never needed to learn to read mikes until now. EZ PZ My instructor might be slightly impressed! Thank You!!
@dolphincliffs88642 жыл бұрын
@Joshua Carvalho I kept all the mikes and the larger frames. Most are just one inch I found out.
@JOSEGONZALEZ-wx9fb4 жыл бұрын
Thank for the video. I had a class about that yesterday and couldn't figure out how to read this and I have a test about it today and after watching your video I am quite confidente.
@StuartdeHaro4 жыл бұрын
I'm glad it helped. Good luck on your test!
@tradtrain5 жыл бұрын
The best explanation I've seen on micrometers,thank you.
@whattheheckman62602 жыл бұрын
When you have to come to this video because your teacher doesn't teach like this. 👍
@billhenry78333 ай бұрын
Don’t think this is that hard to teach. Not rocket science.
@ryanbeard11192 ай бұрын
Institutionalis3d teachers suck, I really think they only hire real shifty teachers to prevent people from advancing g, cause the fancy I situations are have broke the taxpayers back. Indirect gatekeeping
@jforslund123 Жыл бұрын
Thank you. You are/were a great teacher and I am sure you sent a lot of people into the work world with excellent skills.
@StuartdeHaro Жыл бұрын
Thank you very much. I'm glad you got something out of the video!
@2pooped2care6 жыл бұрын
I'm starting a new job after not handling a Mic in over 40 years. Thanks for the refresher. I have never worked with mm.
@StuartdeHaro6 жыл бұрын
Good luck on the new job! Thanks for watching!
@skinny40702 жыл бұрын
Perfect. Needed a good measurement and got my dad’s old mics out. Got it figured out first time through. Thanks for posting
@kensendelofski37616 жыл бұрын
I never read a micrometer in my life. But I'm planning on buying a lathe. this video was in the recommended area. and I found it very informative. Thanks for the video.
@StuartdeHaro6 жыл бұрын
I'm glad it helped. Good luck with the new lathe!
@davidciolino35163 жыл бұрын
Great video. Just ordered a micrometer. Been realizing I needed one in my shop. They are definitely handy to have. My first job was at an automotive machine shop. I use to use them all the time. But that was 20 years ago. Kinda forgot how to do it. One watch of your video, it all came back to me. Keep up the excellent work man.
@Noname-yk7oz Жыл бұрын
This is the best I've ever seen so far about reading micrometer. Thank you 😊
@ivanvalverde70184 жыл бұрын
The best how-to video I've seen in 2020!!!!!
@mtChaos2 жыл бұрын
thank you man! at first I hated the inch micrometers because I couldn't understand it and the professor didn't help that much. NOW it's a piece of cake for me because of you. THANK YOU!
@StuartdeHaro2 жыл бұрын
Glad it helped! Thanks for watching!
@damianpasour2 жыл бұрын
I took this class in advanced manufacturing we had a quiz on how to use one of these this was very helpful!
@StuartdeHaro2 жыл бұрын
I'm glad it helped. Thanks for watching!
@alastairwatson3201 Жыл бұрын
Thanks so much. I thought I’d watch as a refresher, then discovered how much I didn’t know / had forgotten.
@rawtalent9116 жыл бұрын
Thank you for posting this video. I'm in an intro to Ag mechanics class and have to be able to read this for test purposes. You explained this a little better than my current teacher. Thanks again!
@StuartdeHaro6 жыл бұрын
I'm glad it helped. Thanks for watching!
@neorandy Жыл бұрын
What memories! I worked tool & die 40+ years ago. From corvette dashboards, to plastic hip sockets and stainless steel backbones, to CNC fighter jet hydraulic blocks. Fond memories.
@4evrjustintime Жыл бұрын
Wow you are a legend. Thanks a bunch for posting this straight-forward tutorial.
@robertkras51623 жыл бұрын
Excellent and clear explanation - saw a metric mic for the first time and was scratching my head...
@randycrass20973 жыл бұрын
Thank you so very much for imparting this knowledge. Your method is so much simpler. One can only imagine how difficult the FAA General aircraft mechanic knowledge guide can be... Given the FAA wrote the material. A mystery solved.
@spaceman0814473 жыл бұрын
I first learned how to read a micrometer in a junior high school shop class in 1962. For me, it was easier to remember that all readings are in 1/10,000ths of an inch. To use the instructor's first example: 0.5 in = 0.5000 in [500 ten thousandths] (4 decimal places) 0.009 in = 0.0090 in [90 ten thousandths] (4 decimal places) 0.0005 in = 0.0005 in [5 ten thousandths] (4 decimal places) TOTAL: 0.5095 in = 0.5095 in [5,095 ten thousandths] (4 decimal places)
@kwekuokyere44043 жыл бұрын
Perfect explanation! You really made reading micrometer simple.
@NathanCEnyart4 жыл бұрын
I always wanted to figure out how to read micrometers. You make it so easy to learn.
@mrbillgoode Жыл бұрын
I can see why you'll struggle to read it with those shades you have on.
@kelvinscornflakes52832 ай бұрын
great video! i've been struggling to understand how to use a metric micrometre and this was so helpful
@davedivoky21144 жыл бұрын
Dude,...my production professor made it sound like opening a puzzle box! You made it so simple..Thank You!!
@mementomori88262 жыл бұрын
Doing a micrometer reading test for school, this was the perfect refresher! Thank you!
@StuartdeHaro2 жыл бұрын
Good luck!
@leomenchaca68602 жыл бұрын
Wow thank you so much. My new job requires to use these and I had no idea how to use. I'm sure they'll be asking if I'm familiar and now I'm much more comfortable with my answer. I'll watch again tomorrow to keep refreshing myself.
@pengu63354 жыл бұрын
Getting a job that involves these. Thank you for explaining this, it makes alot of sense.
@joflo1224 жыл бұрын
Profesor in my school cant teach like this, even explain well, but this video more on explanation,you will get it! Love it..
@BrandonLund10 ай бұрын
WOW Best vid on the internet covering this. Thank you!
@RenePerez-pu4cj6 жыл бұрын
First video I clicked when I looked up "how to read micrometers". Very great video!! Definitely explained it easily enough to understand it!
@CraigArndt4 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the course on reading a micrometer. I'm getting into a detailed engine rebuild of a small engine and this is invaluable to make sure I order the correct piston. Thank you!
@thatoldbob79565 жыл бұрын
Congrats. This is the best I have seen in 3 years. I have them all, likes the digimatic, amazingly accurate and fast to read, especially good enough for comparison. At least you show a real close up. Never understood how people explain something which is hard to see. I subscribed and looking forward to see more from you. Thanks
@StuartdeHaro5 жыл бұрын
Thanks for watching and I'm glad you liked the video! Out of curiosity, are you any relation to This Old Tony?
@thatoldbob79565 жыл бұрын
No relation or any other connection that I’ll watch his stuff and he commented on some of mine. I have no equipment or editing ability as Tony has. Most likely I am twice of his age so I can show lots of old but some unknown by most people. I need time , energy and room to work. Your clear and precise explanation for important detail is appreciated. I have a mech. And a civil eng. but I am neither of them. I grew up in a steel shop of my gpa, learned the trade and became a structural engineer in steel structures only. Tony is toooo precise for me but producing enjoyable shows. Thanks again
@StuartdeHaro5 жыл бұрын
I've been going through your videos this morning. I like your style.
@lcee65922 жыл бұрын
Slightly more precise than my 25 ft tape measure... Great instruction on reading a mic. Thanks for posting!
@patricktewell79084 жыл бұрын
Very good in years of Millwright work I can honestly say that was the best explanation of the veneer line. You have no idea how many gifts millwrights will not carry out to .1000 this can be an issue. Sweating hubs really comes to mind.
@eoleol47505 жыл бұрын
Great job. I really appreciate you taking your time to explain this application.
@megandjasper3 жыл бұрын
This video helped me understand so much better than my teacher could. Thank you for creating this!
@jennececonner15125 жыл бұрын
Thank you! I was trying to learn this from a text book! This video turned mud into water... As in my muddled mind received clarity, yay! I so know how to use one of these now!
@gunchief08115 жыл бұрын
Yes this engineering/science and metallurgy. Pursuit has been challenging. It's good to have help I'm a machinest. And a welder. Precision work is a must. Trigonometry and geometry and Algebra are all the tools of the trade in our scientific brains. It's a life.long pursuit.
@mercman2.52 жыл бұрын
Watch this couples times a month to brush up, don't get to use these daily, very helpful in my Mercury outboard restorations, keeping all in spec.
@glockasauruswrex63622 жыл бұрын
As a lifelong CNC Machinist and supervisor, I've had to teach this to young trainees a gazillion times...they're lucky if they can grasp the math involved. Reading the mic is only half the battle! Applying the math will lose quite a few. Good explanation, wish they had this kinda video years ago.
@rfbase2 жыл бұрын
First one I found to explain how to read...great job. Thank you.
@thundercatkingleono572324 күн бұрын
You sir are one radical instructor. Thank you!
@44mod4 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for explaining how to read the measurements so clearly. Great video!!
@rcclassiccrawlers43683 жыл бұрын
Very good video. Learned how to read them back in high school but when you don’t use them since then well…… Thanks for sharing some experience. Much appreciated!
@samuelpina87883 жыл бұрын
Wow it’s funny how I assumed I had it right and was instantly corrected, great teacher 🙌💯
@sahmadi1000 Жыл бұрын
You are the best because your intention is good. You wanted us to learn and we did. You are a teacher. THANKS
@SnickleFritz89 Жыл бұрын
Thank you for this video, it has helped me completely understand the use of these micrometers!!!
@eddyspacesurfer99085 жыл бұрын
Awesome explanation I can't believe how hard I made this for myself, actually rather simple Lol
@titaniusanglesmith96904 жыл бұрын
Freaking seriously. Once he added the 5 to .509. I was like WHAT? ITS THAT SIMPLE?
@shawnlanders20344 жыл бұрын
I had a hard time in high school reading them but now I can read them
@AllLiesAndCableTies2 жыл бұрын
Super helpful, i appreciate this so much as I forgot how to read inch micro, and I have my inspection test coming tomorrow
@StuartdeHaro2 жыл бұрын
I'm glad it helped. Good luck on the test!
@misled_perceptions4 жыл бұрын
Thank you for this! I tried to learn this years ago, for metal shop, but couldn't grasp it then. Of course, the micrometer was different, but it just wasn't taught very well. This made perfect sense to me
@bmad01695 жыл бұрын
Nice! I explain it a bit different. MONEY! Every .100" is a dollar. It takes 4 quarters to make a dollar. Anything in between the quarters is pennies. Add em up! Dollars, quarters, and pennies. Beyond that use the vernier scale for tenths.
@bestbudssmokeshop55873 жыл бұрын
Your an Excellent Teacher !! Thanks so much ! Easy to understand now
@paulmarcoux27283 жыл бұрын
Been using digital only, was never shown how to read these guys. Very informative video, thanks for sharing!
@vaanes5 жыл бұрын
Wow this is so much easier than I had thought. Thank you for making this material so accessible!
@StuartdeHaro5 жыл бұрын
I'm happy to help. Thanks for watching!
@bbm85504 жыл бұрын
Thanks for this informative video! I passed my test today with your help! You rock!
@StuartdeHaro4 жыл бұрын
That's awesome. I wish I could say the same for some of my students ;)
@surimangat3 жыл бұрын
This is best video i ever seen to learn micrometer thanks 🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻
@nathaniealhightower18052 жыл бұрын
thank you i just watched a UTI video explaining it and I was clueless this has helped me alot.
@niallbrady1879 ай бұрын
Stuart,you explain it so well 👍👍 just one thing.... If you're reading a 1 -2 inch micrometer is your first reading you write down .100 and then read the scale ??? Thanks Niall
@StuartdeHaro9 ай бұрын
It would be 1.xxx then your reading as normal.
@dazzrl847 ай бұрын
Great video! Im from the uk, i was taught the Metric system in school, but my workplace does the majority of there work for the states so the Imperial system has become second nature to me and my prefered method. My vast collection of analog measuring tools are all imperial, with the exception of one which is a 0-25mm Mic still in its plastic wrapper brand new from +10 years ago
@barnstormerr3 жыл бұрын
This was a really helpful video. You broke it down and made it simple, now I feel far more confident in measuring my bearings! Thanks!
@StuartdeHaro3 жыл бұрын
Glad to help. Good luck!
@abigailr69665 жыл бұрын
You explained this very well. Thank you.
@kurtking59132 жыл бұрын
I got mc's from 1 inch to 36 inch. My pop was a manual lathe operator for 40 years at large corporation I would sell them as I have no need for them but everyone thinks I'm a moron I know what they are worth and understand I wouldn't get full price nor expect that. But I'm not gonna sell for pennies either. All top notch and calibrated
@jamesdanstudios59445 ай бұрын
Pls can I get ur details... I'm willing to buy them
@GSimon8505 жыл бұрын
Many thanks for refreshing my memory I have not had to use my micrometer for some time now. cheers buddy.
@idaholewis2654 жыл бұрын
Very informative Video, Thank you!! I just bought my first micrometer and need to learn how to properly read it, This was a HUGE help! Thanks again
@chrisb72503 жыл бұрын
Great explanation. Thank you! definitely hit the nail on the head for common mistakes. Thanks for clarifying.
@Improveng12 жыл бұрын
Totally superb tutorial. Have used mics for years but still learned something, thank you sir.
@nobleroofinggeneralcontrac7961 Жыл бұрын
Circa 1978 I could read a Micrometer in machine shop have not read one since and I was pretty good. Thank you for this vid I am reminiscing.
@Anfurnyy3 жыл бұрын
I truly cannot thank you enough for the simple explanation of how to read these. I was completely not confident on how to read them and now I feel very confident!