Surah 7: Al A'raf | Original English Commentary (Day 1) | Project Illumine

[@litondin8162]

very nice. may Allah bless you all

[@randkishawi8475]

What amazing insights

[@TheUsuliInstitute]

Thank you to Stephen Connolly for this complete timestamp! 1:56:05 Ayah #40 deals with those who reject Ayatollah/God's signs: "inna alladheena kadhaboo biayatina wa-is'takbaroo anha la tufattahu lahum abwabu as-samai wala yadkhuloona al-janata hatta yalija al-jamalu fi sammi al-khiyati wakadhalika najzi al-muj'rimeen" (Those who reject Our revelations and are too arrogant to uphold them-the doors of Heaven will not be opened for them, nor will they enter Paradise, until a thick rope passes through the eye of the needle. Thus We repay the guilty) - al-Jamal is mistranslated as "camel" as per the Biblical account (which itself is probably a mistranslation). 1:58:48 Ayah #45 introduced. 1:59:42 Ayah #45: "alladheena yasuddoona an sabeeli al-laahi wayabghoonaha iwajan wahum bil-akhirati kafiroon" ("Those who hinder from the path of God, and seek to distort it, and who deny the Hereafter"). 2:00:13 Ayah #46: "wabaynahuma hijabun wa'ala al-a'rafi rijalun ya'rifuna kullan bisimahum wanadaw ashaba al-janati an salamun alaykum lam yadkhuluha wahum yatma'oon" (And between them is a partition, and on the Elevations are men who recognise everyone by their features. They will call to the inhabitants of the Garden, "Peace be upon you." They have not entered it, but they are hoping) Ayah #47: "wa-idha surifat absaruhum til'qaa'a ashabi an-nari qaloo rabbana la taj'alna ma'a al-qawmi ath-thalimeen" (And when their eyes are directed towards the inmates of the Fire, they will say, "Our Lord, do not place us among the wrongdoing people") Ayah #48: "wanada ashabu al-a'rafi rijalan ya'rifunahum bisimahum qalu ma aghna ankum jam'ukum wama kuntum tastakbiroon" (And the dwellers of the Elevations will call to men they recognise by their features, saying, "Your hoardings did not avail you, nor did your arrogance") - the identity of the people of the al-A'raf/Elevations the subject of differing interpretations. 2:05:35 the chapter itself identifies the people concerned - fence sitters. 2:07:24 an oft related Hadith/report: "in the hereafter everyone occupying any authority or responsibility is going to be asked about what they did with that position. Did they observe what God expects and demands as to that responsibility or not, to the extent that a man will be asked about what they did vis-a-vis their family". 2:09:12 Ayah #51 is a demonstration of reciprocity in action: (Those who took their religion lightly, and in jest, and whom the worldly life deceived. Today We will ignore them, as they ignored the meeting on this Day of theirs, and they used to deny Our revelations). 2:11:15 Ayah #55: "ud'oo rabbakum tadarru'an wakhuf'iya innahu la yuhibbu al-mu'tadeen" (Call upon your Lord humbly and privately. He does not love the aggressors) - one's relationship with God being internal as well as external. 2:11:49 Ayah #56: "wala tuf'sidoo fi al-ardi ba'da is'lahiha wad'oohu khawfan watama'an inna rahmata al-laahi qareebun mina al-muh'sineen" (And do not corrupt on earth after its reformation, and pray to Him with fear and hope. God's mercy is close to the doers of good) - killing anything gratuitously being defined as Tuf'sidoo Fi al-Ard/corruption on earth. 2:13:48 in Ayah #56, discussion of the phrase: Inna Rahmata al-Lahi Qaribun Mina al-Muh'sineen/God's mercy is close to the doers of good. A case of virtue ethics applies here. 2:17:17 Ayah #58: "wal-baladu at-tayibu yakhruju nabatuhu bi-idh'ni rabbihi wa-alladhee khabutha la yakhruju illa nakida kadhalika nusarrifu al-ayati liqawmin yashkuroon" (As for the good land, it yields its produce by the leave of its Lord. But as for the bad, it produces nothing but hardship and misery. Thus We explain the revelations in various ways for people who are thankful) - parables in play here; if the Qur'an is given to an unethical, corrupt people it will produce ugliness and vice versa. 2:21:25 the narrative of Noah according to the chapter covered in Ayat #59-#64. 2:24:43 moving on to the Aad people and prophet Hood in Ayat #65-#72. 2:25:07 Ayah #67: "qala yaqawmi laysa bi safahatun walakinni rasoolun min rabbi al-'alameen" (He said, "O my people! There is no foolishness in me, but I am a messenger from the Lord of the Worlds"). 2:27:19 the story of the people of Thamud and their prophet Salih recounted in Ayat #73-#78. 2:27:25 Ayah #73: "wa-ila thamooda akhahum saliha qala yaqawmi u'budoo al-laaha ma lakum min ilahin ghayruhu qad jaatkum bayyinatun min rabbikum hadhihi naqatu al-laahi lakum ayatan fadharooha takul fi ardi al-laahi wala tamassooha bisoo'in fayakhudhakum adhabun aleem" (And to Thamood, their brother Saleh. He said, "O my people! Worship God; you have no god other than Him. Clarification has come to you from your Lord. This she-camel of God is a sign for you. So leave her to graze on God's earth, and do her no harm, lest a painful penalty seizes you") - nefarious plans throughout. 2:30:18 the story of Lot summarised. 2:31:38 the story of Shuaib/Jethro and the people of Midian. 2:32:48 Ayah #85: "wa-ila madyana akhahum shu'ayban qala yaqawmi u'budoo al-laaha ma lakum min ilahin ghayruhu qad jaatkum bayyinatun min rabbikum fa-awfu al-kayla wal-meezana wala tabkhasoo an-nasa ashyaahum wala tuf'sidoo fi al-ardi ba'da is'lahiha dhalikum khayrun lakum in kuntum mo'mineen" (And to Median, their brother Shuaib. He said, "O my people, worship God; you have no god other than Him. A clear proof has come to you from your Lord. Give full measure and weight, and do not cheat people out of their rights, and do not corrupt the land once it has been set right. This is better for you, if you are believers"). 2:33:30 Ayah #86: "wala taq'udoo bikulli siratin tu'idoona watasuddoona an sabeeli al-lahi man amana bihi watabghoonaha iwaja wa-udh'kuroo idh kuntum qalilan fakatharakum wanthuroo kayfa kana aqibatu al-muf'sideen" ("And you conspire against every path attempted, making threats and turning away from the path of God those who believe in Him, seeking to distort it. And remember how you were few, and how He made you numerous. So note the consequences for the corrupters") 2:35:45 the apparent pattern in each of these narratives. 2:37:34 Ayah #94: "wama arsalna fi qaryatin min nabiyyin illa akhadhna ahlaha bil-basai wad-darai la'allahum yaddarra'oon" (We did not send any prophet to any town but We afflicted its people with misery and adversity, so that they may humble themselves). 2:37:44 Ayah #95: "thumma baddalna makana as-sayi-ati al-hasanata hatta afaw waqaloo qad massa abaana ad-darau was-sarau fa-akhadhnahum baghtata wahum la yash'uroon" (Then We substituted prosperity in place of hardship. Until they increased in number, and said, "Adversity and prosperity has touched our ancestors." Then We seized them suddenly, while they were unaware). 2:37:57 Ayah #96: walaw anna ahla al-qura amanoo wa-ittaqaw lafatahna alayhim barakatin mina as-samai wal-ardi walakin kadhaboo fa-akhadhnahum bima kanoo yaksiboon" (Had the people of the towns believed and turned righteous, We would have opened for them the blessings of the heaven and the earth; but they rejected the truth, so We seized them by what they were doing). 2:38:09 Ayah #97: "afa-amina ahlu al-qura ay yatiyahum basuna bayata wahum naimoon" (Do the people of the towns feel secure that Our might will not come upon them by night, while they sleep?). 2:38:15 Ayah #98: "awa-amina ahlu al-qura ay yatiyahum basuna duha wahum yal'aboon" (Do the people of the towns feel secure that Our might will not come upon them by day, while they play?). 2:38:21 Ayah #99: "afa-aminoo makra al-laah fala yamanu makra al-laahi illa al-qawmu al-khasiroon" (Do they feel safe from God's plan? None feel safe from God's plan except the losing people). 2:39:20 the linking pattern in these Ayat discussed - ease, goodness and blessings lulling the people into their false sense of security. 2:42:00 the (social) blessings on earth from people who pursue morality and ethics as indicated in Ayah #96 and thereafter. 2:43:20 Ayah #99 the distorted translation of the phrase Makra Allah in Ayah #99 discussed. 2:49:10 Ayah #100: "awalam yahdi lilladheena yarithoona al-arda min ba'di ahliha an law nashau asabnahum bidhunubihim wanatba'u ala quloobihim fahum la yasma'oon" (Is it not guidance for those who inherit the land after its inhabitants, that if We willed, We could strike them for their sins? And seal up their hearts, so that they would not hear?) - God's consistent intervention to mitigate the self induced consequences of our own evil. 2:51:47 Ayah #101: "til'ka al-qura naqussu alayka min anbaiha walaqad jaathum rusuluhum bil-bayinati fama kanoo liyu'minoo bima kadhaboo min qablu kadhalika yatba'u al-laahu ala qulubi al-kafireen" (These towns-We narrate to you some of their tales. Their messengers came to them with the clear signs, but they would not believe in what they had rejected previously. Thus God seals the hearts of the disbelievers). 2:52:04 Ayah #102: "wama wajadna li-aktharihim min ahdin wa-in wajadna aktharahum lafasiqeen" (We found most of them untrue to their pact; We found most of them corrupt) - pact here = intuitive sense of right from wrong encoded by God in human beings. 2:55:55 transitioning to the story of Moses. 2:56:33 Ayah #103: "thumma ba'athna min ba'dihim moosa biayatina ila fir'awna wamala-ihi fathalamoo biha fanthur kayfa kana aqibatu al-muf'sideen" (Then, after them, We sent Moses with Our miracles to Pharaoh and his establishment, but they denounced them. So consider the end of the evildoers). 2:58:20 al-Razi's insight regarding the logic behind the different prophets who were sent with specific miracles to demonstrate to particular people - horses for courses. 3:01:30 al-Razi pointing out the importance of knowledge and harnessing it to address the systems of knowledge of the age concerned in relation to the struggle between the sorcerers and Moses. [Surah al-A'raf be resumed and concluded in a later video].

[@stephenconnolly1830]

[PART 3 - Surah al-A'raf Timestamps continued] 3:03:06 the utter tyranny of Pharaoh's response to his sorcerers who had converted - dictating the very facts of their existence to them. 3:06:03 the differences between the story of Moses in the Qur'an and Bible related. 3:08:10 Ayah #127: (The chiefs of Pharaoh's people said, "Will you let Moses and his people cause trouble in the land, and forsake you and your gods?" He said, "We will kill their sons, and spare their women. We have absolute power over them") - the maleficent influence of Pharaoh's partners in crime. 3:09:52 Ayah #123: "qala fir'awnu amantum bihi qabla an adhana lakum inna hadha lamakrun makartumoohu fil-madeenati litukh'rijoo min'ha ahlaha fasawfa ta'lamoon" (Pharaoh said, "Did you believe in Him before I have given you permission? This is surely a conspiracy you schemed in the city, in order to expel its people from it. You will surely know") - the hypocritical narcissistic accusations of Pharaoh. 3:12:14 Ayah #127: "...sanuqattilu abnaahum wanastahyi nisaahum wa-inna fawqahum qahiroon" ([Pharaoh said] "We will kill their sons, and spare their women. We have absolute power over them") - oppression and persecution exemplified. 3:12:55 Ayah #128: "qala moosa liqawmihi is'ta'eenoo bil-laahi was'biroo inn al-arda lillahi yoorithuha may yashau min ibadihi wal-'aqibatu lil'muttaqeen" (Moses said to his people, "Seek help in God, and be patient. The earth belongs to God. He gives it in inheritance to whomever He wills of His servants, and the future belongs to the righteous"). 3:13:55 the surprising response of the Israelites uniquely recorded in Ayah #129: (They said, "We were persecuted before you came to us, and after you came to us." He said, "Perhaps your Lord will destroy your enemy, and make you successors in the land; then He will see how you behave"). 3:15:10 Pharaoh's bid to rid himself of Moses stymied by a series of intervening disasters as described in the Qur'an whereby each time Pharaoh and his people renege on their word to negotiate with Moses and stop the persecution. 3:17:50 Ayah #130: "walaqad akhadhna ala fir'awna bis-sineena wanaqsin min ath-thamarati la'allahum yadhakkaroon" (And We afflicted the people of Pharaoh with barren years, and with shortage of crops, that they may take heed). 3:19:07 Ayah #133: (So We let loose upon them the flood, and the locusts, and the lice, and the frogs, and blood-all explicit signs-but they were too arrogant. They were a sinful people). 3:24:12 Ayah #138: (And We delivered the Children of Israel across the sea. And when they came upon a people who were devoted to some statues of theirs, they said, "O Moses, make for us a god, as they have gods." He said, "You are truly an ignorant people") Ayah #139: ("What these people are concerned with is perdition, and their deeds are based on falsehoods") Ayah #140: (He said, "Shall I seek for you a god other than God, when He has favoured you over all other people?"). 3:24:30 Moses undergoes a transformative experience when communing with God for 40 days - the Biblical account not being trustworthy. 3:26:03 in the meantime his brother is charged with supervising the nascent community. 3:27:24 Ayah #143: "walamma jaa moosa limeeqatina wakallamahu rabbuhu qala rabbi arini anthur ilayka qala lan tarani walakini unthur ila al-jabali fa-ini is'taqarra makanahu fasawfa tarani falamma tajalla rabbuhu lil'jabali ja'alahu dakkan wakharra moosa sa'iqan falamma afaqa qala sub'hanaka tub'tu ilayka wa-ana awwal ul-mo'mineen" (And when Moses came to Our appointment, and his Lord spoke to him, he said, "My Lord, allow me to look and see You." He said, "You will not see Me, but look at the mountain; if it stays in its place, you will see Me." But when his Lord manifested Himself to the mountain, He turned it into dust, and Moses fell down unconscious. Then, when he recovered, he said, "Glory be to you, I repent to you, and I am the first of the believers") - the Sufi aim of lifting the veil so as to stop attempting to see God with one's eyes and instead with one's heart. 3:30:43 Ayah #145: "wakatabna lahu fil-alwahi min kulli shayin maw'ithatan watafseelan likulli shayin fakhudh'ha biquwwatin wamur qawmaka yakhudhoo bi-ahsaniha sa-ooreekum dara al-fasiqeen" (And We inscribed for him in the Tablets all kinds of enlightenments, and decisive explanation of all things. "Hold fast to them, and exhort your people to adopt the best of them. I will show you the fate of the sinners"). 3:32:44 Ayah #146: "sa-asrifu an ayatiya alladheena yatakabbaroona fil-ardi bighayr il-haqq wa-iy yaraw kulla ayatin lay yu'minoo biha wa-iy yaraw sabeela ar-rush'di la yattakhidhuhoo sabeela wa-iy yaraw sabeela al-ghayi yattakhidhoohu sabeela dhalika bi-annahum kadhaboo biayatina wakanoo anha ghafileen" (I will turn away from My revelations those who feel they are entitled on earth without justification. Even if they see every sign, they will not believe in it; and if they see the path of rectitude, they will not adopt it for a path; and if they see the path of error, they will adopt it for a path. That is because they denied Our revelations, and paid no attention to them). 3:42:50 the unwelcome developments in the camp of the Israelites during Moses's absence - idolatry resurfaced at the hands of a ring leader. [Surah al-A'raf to be resumed and concluded in a later video].

[@stephenconnolly1830]

TIMESTAMPS [Video suitable for viewing at higher speed without loss of fidelity and comprehension. Grace Song's preamble until 5:29] Bismillah al-Rahman al-Raheem 6:03 Surah al-A'raf, #7, chapter The Fence Sitters; positioning and occurrence in the revelation, its main message - the public transition of the Islamic message - determining this. 15:00 the Professor's approach moving through the chapter thematically rather than via each verse/Ayah and leaving out the more esoteric interpretations. 15:40 the skeleton and approach of the chapter presented. 21:10 the interesting theme of the people of A'raf who know what is right but are unwilling to commit themselves to do the required action - maintaining a moral and ethical disposition superseding neutrality. 29:54 the chapter's main position a people reaps what it sows. 32:27 Ayah #1: "alif-lam-meem-saad" 34:08 Ayah #2: "kitabun unzila ilayka fala yakun fi sadrika harajun min'hu litundhira bihi wadhik'ra lil'mu'mineen" (A Scripture was revealed to you, so let there be no anxiety in your heart because of it. You are to warn with it-and a reminder for the believers) - "do not let the fear of the consequences restrain you [the Prophet] from teaching the book"; also applicable to anyone else preaching the message of the Qur'an. 38:14 Ayah #3: "ittabi'oo ma unzila ilaykum mir rabbikum wala tattabi'oo min doonihi awliyaa qalilan ma tadhakkaroon" (Follow what is revealed to you from your Lord, and do not follow other masters beside Him. Little you recollect) - Awliyah/masters here includes anyone in a position of authority, the chain of command, effectively standing in for God. 41:05 Ayah #4: (How many a town have We destroyed? Our might came upon them by night, or while they were napping) - the allusion to the night here being a figure of speech. 43:00 Ayah #5: "fama kana da'wahum idh jaahum basuna illa an qalu inna kunna thalimeen" (When Our might came upon them, their only cry was, "We were indeed wrongdoers"). 43:28 Ayah #7: "falanaqussanna alayhim bi'il'min wama kunna ghaibeen" (We will narrate to them with knowledge, for We were never absent) - an associated change in tense in the Ayah, refocusing on the reader. 46:40 Ayah #8: "wal-waznu yawma-idhin al-haqq faman thaqulat mawazeenuhu fa-oola-ika hum ul-muf'lihoon" (The scales on that Day will be just. Those whose weights are heavy-it is they who are the successful). 48:45 Ayah #9: (But as for those whose weights are light-it is they who have lost their souls, because they used to mistreat Our revelations). 50:55 Ayah #10: "walaqad makkannakum fil-ardi waja'alna lakum feeha ma'ayisha qaleelan ma tashkuroon" (We have established you firmly on earth, and made for you in it livelihood-but rarely do you give thanks). 55:40 the derivation of the word Iblis/diabolos - "to despair". 56:46 all angels being Jinn/spirits but not all Jinn being angels. 58:13 Ayah #13: "qala fah'bit min'ha famay yakoonu laka an tatakabbara feeha fa-ukh'ruj innaka min as-saghireen" (He said, "Get down from it! It is not for you to act arrogantly in it. Get out! You are one of the lowly!") - addressing Iblis thereby frustrating his aspirations. 59:15 Ayah #16: "qala fabima aghwaytani la-aq'udanna lahum sirataka al-mus'taqeem" (He said, "Because you have lured me, I will waylay them on Your straight path) - compounding his insubordination, Iblis refuses to repent to receive God's forgiveness. 1:02:45 a minority view of the story of the Creation and the fall of Adam and Eve from paradise being allegorical not literal. 1:04:34 Jafar al-Saddiq's interesting statement concerning Satan - questioning one's willingness to surrender one's will - "the first to have an opinion about religion that is at variance with God's command is Satan." 1:06:30 a further lesson in Iblis's obvious racism/bigotry. 1:07:50 Iblis's inconsistent approach in not applying the same standard to angels who are composed of light and hence are superior to creations like himself who are composed of fire - bigotry evidenced by its illogicality. 1:11:37 Ayah #16: "qala fabima aghwaytani la-aq'udanna lahum sirataka al-mus'taqeem" (He said, "Because you have lured me, I will waylay them on Your straight path"). 1:15:40 the Islamic theological question about God smiting Satan given the latter's stated intention towards subversion being addressed according to how one deals with evil which is an important part of our purpose. 1:18:42 Ayah #19: (And you, Adam, inhabit the Garden, you and your wife, and eat whatever you wish; but do not approach this tree, lest you become sinners") - the tree in the Biblical Genesis being the tree of knowledge, not so the Qur'an which posits Satan lying about it elevating humans (A&E) to angels who would experience eternal life. 1:20:21 Ayah #22: "fadallahuma bighuroorin falamma dhaqa ash-shajarata badat lahuma sawatuhuma watafiqa yakhsifani alayhima min waraq il-jana wanadahuma rabbuhuma alam anhakuma an til'kuma ash-shajarati wa-aqul lakuma inna ash-shaytana lakuma adoowwun mubeen" (So he exploited their egos. And when they tasted the tree, their nakedness became evident to them, and they began covering themselves with the leaves of the Garden. And their Lord called out to them, "Did I not forbid you from this tree, and say to you that Satan is a sworn enemy to you?"). 1:21:30 Ayah #20: "fawaswasa lahuma ash-shaytanu liyub'diya lahuma ma wuriya anhuma min sawatihima waqala ma nahakuma rabbukuma an hadhihi ash-shajarati illa an takoona malakayni aw takoona min al-khalideen" (But Satan whispered to them, to reveal to them their nakedness, which was invisible to them. He said, "Your Lord has only forbidden you this tree, lest you become angels, or become immortals"). 1:22:00 Ayah #21: "waqasamahuma inni lakuma lamina an-nasiheen" (And he swore to them, "I am a sincere advisor to you") - swearing alot indicative of lying featuring as a diagnostic in Islamic theology. 1:23:00 the significance of the nakedness of Adam and Eve after eating the fruit - the end of the age of innocence. 1:25:50 the variance of the Biblical story - snake, original sin, Eve being blameworthy. 1:27:00 Ayah #24: "qala ih'bitoo ba'dukum liba'din adoow walakum fil-ardi mus'taqarru wamata'un ila heen" (He said, "Fall, some of you enemies to one another. On earth you will have residence and livelihood for a while") - debate about who is identified as the enemies here. 1:28:50 Ayah #26 discussed. 1:29:40 Ayah #26: "yabani adama qad anzalna alaykum libasay yoowari sawatikum wareesha walibasu at-taqwa dhalika khayr dhalika min ayat il-lahi la'allahum yadhakkaroon" (O children of Adam! We have provided you with clothing to cover your bodies, and for luxury. But the clothing of piety-that is best. These are some of God's revelations, so that they may take heed) - Sufi literature heavily influenced by this Ayah. 1:32:00 the point of Ayah #27 - Satan stripping humans from their potential towards spirituality in favour of materialism. 1:33:30 Ayah #27: "yabani adama lay yaftinannakum ush-shaytanu kama akhraja abawaykum min al-janati yanzi'u anhuma libasahuma liyuriyahuma sawatihima innahu yarakum hoowa waqabeeluhu min haythu la tarawnahum inna ja'alna ash-shayatina awliyaa lilladheena lay yo'minoon" (O Children of Adam! Do not let Satan seduce you, as he drove your parents out of the Garden, stripping them of their garments, to show them their nakedness. He sees you, him and his clan, from where you cannot see them. We have made the devils friends of those who do not believe). 1:35:10 Ayah #28: "wa-idha fa'aloo fahishatan qaloo wajadna alayha abaana wal-laahu amarana biha qul inna al-laaha lay yamuru bil-fahsha ataqooloona al al-laahi ma la ta'lamoon" (And when they commit an indecency, they say, "We found our parents doing this, and God has commanded us to do it." Say, "God does not command indecencies. Are you attributing to God what you do not know?"). 1:37:51 Ayah #29: "qul amara rabbi bil-qis't wa-aqeemoo wujoohakum inda kulli masjidin wa-id'oohu mukh'liseena lahu ad-dina kama bada-akum ta'oodoon" (Say, "My Lord commands justice, and to stand devoted at every place of worship. So call upon Him, and dedicate your faith to Him alone. Just as He originated you, so you will return"). 1:39:04 Ayah #31: "yabani adama khudhu zeenatakum inda kulli masjidin wakuloo wa-ish'raboo wala tus'rifoo innahu lay yuhibb ul-mus'rifeen" (O Children of Adam! Dress properly at every place of worship, and eat and drink, but do not be excessive. He does not love the excessive) - puzzling connotations explored in the discussion around the content of this Ayah. Other than one's best behaviour/image being a betrayal of one's faith. 1:47:17 the context behind the phrase from Ayah #31: "wa-ish'raboo wala tus'rifoo innahu lay yuhibb ul-mus'rifeen" discussed - exploitative monopolistic policies enforced by the Meccans (naked circumambulation of the shrine/temple due to the high price of the clothing required). 1:50:20 Islamic economics focused on interest/Riba not ethical values [for more on this exact subject refer to Dr Mohammad Omar Farooq's publications]. 1:52:33 Ayah #33: "qul innama harrama rabbiya al-fawahisha ma thahara min'ha wama batana wal-ith'ma wal-baghya bighayr il-haqqi wa-an tush'rikoo bil-lahi ma lam yunazzil bihi sul'tanan wa-an taqooloo al al-lahi ma la ta'lamoon" (Say, "My Lord has forbidden immoralities-both open and secret-and sin, and unjustified aggression, and that you associate with God anything for which He revealed no sanction, and that you say about God what you do not know") - Baghya/tyranny, as practiced by the Meccans and modern day dictators. [Surah al-A'raf timestamps continued - PART 2]

[@syedanargis616]

Which khutbah Grace mentioned here?