Swami Sarvapriyananda on 'CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE'

[@AlexTrout79]

I love this man. I cant think of anybody more fitting to teach vedanta. The people present are very fortunate.He is so witty, kind, humble...

[@poojakashyap6608]

Couldn't agree more 🙏

[@williedonald7546]

instablaster

[@vidyag6412]

👍👍

[@universalkaleidoscope9877]

Absolutely

[@senopticare2546]

Very close to our heart & intellect. Lucky that we can listen his talk .

[@Kipson49]

The clarity of his discourses is impeccable. His message is inspiring, profound and engaging.

[@edhantcharavan5988]

bit No approach a a3aaë43

[@ach1084]

OMG! The more I listen to Swami Sarvapriyananda the more intense my thoughts become of Vedanta. Each time it appears I am relearning from the beginning. However on another note, Vedanta was always the forte of monks and those who are able to renounce everything. For the lay ones like us Vedanta is just the tiniest tip of an infinite ice berg!! Blessed are those who can meditate on the essence of Vedanta

[@poojakashyap6608]

True 🙏

[@myspiritualjourney-hm4624]

If you start understanding Vedanta and travel deep into it, you will understand clearly that Vedanta has nothing to do with renunciation and monks and that Vedanta is meant for every human being on the planet irrespective of varna, aashrama dharma and so on.

[@sureshnarayanan8975]

This Swamiji is absolutely a gift. He speaks making no references to notes or talking points. This can only be possible if he lives what he teaches. The depth and breadth of his knowledge is mind blowing.

[@davlmt]

His mere memory is something prodigious. Add to it his sensitivity, his intellect, his curiosity, his kindness and communication skills... And his humility... I truly think only once in a lifetime exists someone like this.

[@uniksoft]

He’s indeed beyond words something like our own consciousness he’s proof of divinity and it should pave way for our won discovery 💡

[@mdimran.hossen]

Wow , loved it Swami ji , you are "THE SWAMI SWARVAPRIYANANDA " , the finest teacher of Vedanta teaching , human witness in this world , we are very lucky to see you living in our generation , THE SUPREME CONSCIOUSNESS it self would be very proud to describe it's presence and it's true nature through your physical body , amazing , lots of love and respect Swami ji , you are definitely A Bharat Ratna , Government should understand this soon , there must have an option of Spiritual subject in Nobel prize winner category , and you will be first person to achieve it , though any prize can not justify your wisdom , you yourself is a BIG PRIZE to this mankind . 🙏❤️

[@VAAM1203]

I think this discourse is among the best I have listened to …

[@uniksoft]

I bow down to Almighty for Sarvpriyanand Ji. Vivekananda Ji and ultimate Ramakrishna 🪷💞💐🙇 I have been listening to his crystal clear communication of God within all of us. Object to Subject journey is so short but this Body-Mind vicious whirlpool never allows to come out and discover Self in self 💡 He’s indeed beyond words something like our own consciousness he’s proof of divinity and it should pave way for our won discovery 💡 Pray it happens in this lifetime itself 💐🙇

[@9841599719]

Clarity and method of teaching is awesome! Namaskaram Swami Ji.

[@rameshmelodies9629]

Parnam Swami ji I am grateful for your precious teaching the only Moto of being a human is tó know who am I ? Even after enlightenment can not answer the question ❓ But thanks your wish 🙏 and blessings can end all questions without any answer.thanks Swami ji for your blessings

[@AmiraAroraOfficial]

Koti Koti Pranam Swamiji 🙏🏼

[@thammurali]

I watched the video just now. I could not stop watching the second video. Excellent. Swamiji is the source of inspiration. Jai gurudev.

[@manojpeter2]

Swamiji...I got an interest in Vedanta after seeing your series on Who am I ? at IIT , from then I took a deep interest in Swami Vivekananda . I ordered his complete works. I meditate daily and I feel Meditation itself is a great tool to clear our mind and get the subjective experience which you are mentioning .Swami Vivekananda always used to mention the importance of meditatation and suggested to constantly repeat I Am He, I am He, I am not the matter . Ramakrishna mission is doing a great and holy work by reaching out to us .Thanks a lot . May Swamiji's blessings reach all

[@lakshminarasimha8509]

me too...

[@vimalvnair999]

Manoj Peter me too

[@tukaramgadadhe9496]

Manoj Peter

[@madhumathivs7612]

The IIT Kanpur video was my first introduction to Swami Sarvapriyananda and Vedanta. I have always tried to follow the message and not the messenger but with Swami Sarvapriyananda this is getting exceedingly difficult.. I feel pulled into his teachings :).. deep gratitude to him for his wonderful and illuminating lectures..

[@shafc1285]

Would you please name those books ?

[@ronjohnson4328]

The beauty of my amazing experience of Swami Sarvapriyananda is that he answers my questions before I even ask them. I’ve only seen him speak twice but feel like I’ve been witnessing him all my life. My sense is that his response to this statement would be is that I’ve been witnessing myself.

[@jalajamenon8664]

Thank you very much Swamiji🙏🙏🙏

[@aayusheegarg]

Such profound problems of philosophy appear to be so simplistic, so simple to understand, in his words.

[@limrc1]

Who sees but cannot be seen? Who hears but cannot be heard? Who smells but cannot be smelled? Who touches but cannot be touched? Who tastes but cannot be tasted? When you go to sleep, dream then wake up, who told you that you have dreamt? Who is this Witness that's hiding behind the scenes? You are That and I am That. Thanks for sharing.

[@warmhit]

CIA

[@StevenLeMieux]

❤️👌

[@pravachan4355]

That is Parmatma, Pàrabrahman, Parmeshwar.

[@ritabhattacharya2897]

Not I am , " I is" which is Turiya ( according to bedanta). I feel proud of you for your interest in these types of lectures. Thanks !

[@piyushkaushik3439]

No school No college Where I am getting this GEM.... There are 2 life parts in my life one part is before listening him and after listening to him.

[@raghavendrakp]

So true, Piyush

[@engineeringnerds16]

Which means Your enlightened...if u stopped worrying.... Stopped Dezires...!!! Just doing those things which r only important to you as conscious being...!!! So it's dyan yoga.... Just by knowledge your seeing effect of it although u haven't experienced it...!!!

[@JorgeRodriguez-nx5eq]

I agree Swami Sarvapriyananda is the greatest Vedanta teacher of modern times The Vivekananda of the 21 st Century

[@varalakshmielango5208]

Profound yet simple! Thanks Swamiji!

[@jayateebhattacharya5999]

what an experience ! physically virtually as well as emotionally present. last week this i lost my life, my 25 yr old daughter in tragic circumstances. she was extraordinary in the fact that without being in the rat race she was in the right path of a bright future and always giving credit to others for all her sucess, never saying anything negative not even of those who drove her to take the drastic step. she believed that i was so strong that i could even absorb the pain of her absence and grow even more stronger...," ma you need to live because you always help people without their asking...i have seen people change after you befiend them" the silly girl didnt realize that she was my "strenght" the feeling of devastation is embedded in my *dna* and will remain so in my subsequent lifes...but faith , implicit trust and love for me will keep me going...i will fulfill all her wishes she had for me not with a heavy heart but with a feeling of blissfulness and belief and understang that she is living with me, in me. listening to you swamiji has always validated my understanding of myself ...i can never take anything for granted no matter who says it unless it tallys with my own understanding...LIFE IS SO BEAUTIFUL MA EVEN WITH ALL THE PAIN AND BETRAYAL THAT COMES ALONG...NEVER GIVE UP this coming from a 25 year old to a 60+year old mother..the last time when we met physically sitting on the ganga ghat at belur math...swamiji give me the strength and your blessing and please pray for my beautiful daugter...her name "is" rudranee and she "is" a real durga fighting for others rights and paying with her own right to live. please bless her. i go to sleep listening to your talks at night..not out of boredom but with peace...i dont have to take my sleeping pills anymore..my thoughts are all awry but its coming from devastated but proud mother Pranam

[@RahulVerma1790]

Losing someone in the curse of death and it's really painful, our sympathy with you, RIP that great soul 🙏

[@jayateebhattacharya5999]

Thankyou

[@TheWorldTeacher]

“Find out who you REALLY are so that when death comes…there is no-one to kill, for while you are identified with your role, with your name, with your ego, there is someone to kill. But when you are identified with the whole universe, death finds you already annihilated and there’s no-one to kill”. Alan Watts, Prophet. "Deep down I know that life is timeless and indestructible and death is not the opposite of life but just the opposite of birth." Ekhart Tolle

[@anjalishekhar1]

Extremely sorry. May you get strength in memory

[@ach1084]

It takes so much of strength within to brave such a situation !!! What amazes me is also your faith in God. Thakur Ramakrishna used to say that the stronger the tree , greater is its ability to withstand the storm.

[@kishanbhowmik1643]

Awareness without consciousness is possible but consciousness without awareness not possible... Just realize it.. It may summarize this discussion

[@vijaygoyal5121]

I quite lucky to get golden opportunity to get life transforming experiences from Swami Ji

[@deepuponnappans9527]

I am in love with this channel😍all talks are awesome 🙏

[@aravindarao3463]

An excellent commentary on the Kenopanishad, in modern language. Wonderful swamiji,,

[@aradhanachoubey2518]

Swami ji you communicate so well. Sadar Pranam.🙏

[@kirankurwade]

What a brilliant example and demonstration of presence of consciousness. Swamiji giving an example by waving his hand in the space which looks bright i.e. we dont see the light but the lighted (lit) objects. Invisibility of light doesnt discard the presence of light. Thank you :)

[@kothandaramanbalaji7556]

Swamiji you are gifted and so we are blessed to be listening to you.. Thank you.🙏

[@lekshmisasikumar3575]

Thank you Swamiji 🙏

[@vibhushrigedam8404]

respected swamiji u r doing a great job by giving us knowledge of our body nd spirit nd helping us to live awesome life. I am greatly thankful to listen ur speech.

[@amritradha]

So very clear is the teachings or explanations of such an un-understandable fact. Humbled Swamyji. So down to earth and yet with such a Rishilike wisdom. I am overwhelmed.

[@OnlyNewAgeMusic]

Thank you Swami. The answer to the hard problem of consciousness is very simple. I know that I am conscious. I am aware of being aware. Awareness is always aware and I am That. The world is an appearance. Only Awareness (Consciousness) is real. Awareness is the world.

[@kamesh7818]

Swamiji - another excellent teaching. Very empowering, deep and subtle Vedanta thoughts expressed in simple words. Thanks to Vivekananda society for making such video available.

[@pinushooterphotography]

Amazing. 🙏🙏🙏Swamiji. I have understood this thing at last. Thank you.

[@kitty46881]

Swami thankyou very much for making us know our true nature

[@shivkalyan3058]

प्रणाम स्वामीजी !

[@dranuradhachatterjee6176]

Pronam Swamiji,really previously I didn't know that Vedanta is sooo interesting!! Thanks a lot to you just to increase my interest to about my self! Truly speaking everyday I must have to listen your teaching!

[@letslearntogether1916]

Your words are changing my life, Sir 💕Take my "Pronum".🌱

[@kathleensutherland6593]

A quote to be remembered for all time: "Consciousness is not affected by gluten."

[@kenjones382]

I wonder what Swami Davis would say.

[@RajarshiBandopadhyay]

I am not growing fat. This body is growing fat.

[@debabratp]

That's a very cheeky way of Swamiji. Powerful communication

[@rkgupta3340]

@@kenjones382 aaaaaaaaaaaaa.a.a

[@sachinpatil7235]

Guys, this is not something to be joked about. Understanding what he is saying can be effort of century. Be serious or be ready to regret lost opportunity.

[@saurabhpulani9782]

Thanks for the great insights Swamiji...

[@arindampal7819]

one of the most valuable lecture.....

[@ramana5753]

I love you sir Whenever i get free i listened your lectures

[@ajinkyaindalkar]

Hare Krishna prabhuji dandavat pranam 🙏

[@shyamiyer2967]

Swamiji 🙏🍁🌸🙏

[@shashikaphle9626]

Beautiful. I wish one day I can be in the audience!!

[@jayateebhattacharya5999]

Thankyou Oni...The truth is my strength came ftom listening to Swami Sarvapriyanandaji's lectures....i think Thakur was preparing me for this "loss". I am taking legal action and i need all your positive vibes.... Thanking you again.

[@arpanarpokharel]

Excellent..and how simple Swami ji makes it seem !!

[@2020nallano]

Just Beautiful, thank you!

[@poojabhat4269]

Now I understand... The meaning of love urself... Trust urself... Believe in urself...

[@v1nAyA]

No dear... Still, mind always looks into objects, even I is yet to be defined for the mind.... Its been a year, since you've commented, hope you've realized...

[@bramajogi3811]

You are jnani and a successful teacher of Vedanta.Great.

[@alokaroy6664]

The ..lecture is deep like ocean also..simple

[@jaimandal2213]

I always consider you as my guru

[@venkateshwarraoj8258]

This lecture should be thoroughly seen those who are working on consciousness studies. That would be good for whole world

[@sajjansingh-mi7mz]

Swami ji Pranaam. I have been seeing your u tube for the last two months only. I find them very simple, accurate, and inspiring. Prostrations. Sajjan Singh, REWA, India

[@SatishYadav-sm8wt]

Bhagwan Raman maharani. Nisarg dutta. Vasita muni. Ashtavakra bhagwan and jagad guru adi Shankara Ramakrishna bhagwan. Narendra dutt and sarvapriyananda.... Thanks bhagwan for understanding my real nature....

[@rakeshbiswal7133]

I am love Vedanta teaching of sarvapriyananda

[@alkagoenka497]

Jay gurudev 🙏🙏

[@rajapuduvath0]

10 years before I got a chance to listen a class in kenopansiath in a temple kerala . End of the day I took 2 major decision in my life . 1. I become. A vegetarian 2. I stop going temple and praying to God. Still continued and will continue...

[@seemab1397]

By the grace of Thakur and Swami Vivekanand, I have come by this opportunity of listening to Swami Sarvapriananda. What more than a decade of intense study could not give me, Swamiji's lively talk has given.

[@swamivedantanandapuri1322]

Pranaam maharaj🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏

[@borkapajic4154]

💖Divine Blessings Sarvapriyananda

[@laika5757]

Music to my ears...🎼🎵🎶🎸

[@sudhirjha2088]

This is the only guru i understand clearly

[@diveysaini9676]

Swami Sarvapriyananda you are enlightened and thank you for enlightening us.

[@santhoshkumargangadharan8291]

My great teacher of Advaida, Pranamam.🙏🙏🙏

[@jondoe4898]

The 👀 allegory/analogy is wonderful for comparative analysis (understanding) of counsciousness as it relates to human awareness.

[@Vision_Of_Realities]

Jai Sri Ramakrishna 🌺🙏

[@andreamuller8468]

Wonderful explained!!! So logic :))) Thank you sooooooo much.

[@hiranmoydas298]

প্রণাম মহারাজ!

[@profgoel]

Absolutely outstanding

[@lnbartstudio2713]

"What you are looking for is what is looking."

[@dankrutidholakia3165]

Well-said!

[@shivaswamybhoopalam6402]

Conscious experience ... The swamiji sails us to the knowledge of consciousness so smoothly that you land to a new world .

[@VinodGupta-or6pf]

Swami ji, I wish to meet your goodself in person in USA….!!

[@absolute7433]

Thank you

[@surekhasrinivasan833]

At once profound & simple , Swamiji. Advaitha endeared to us ,explained to us

[@deepalip3660]

Every one says study or focus but no one teach how the process goes on micro levels.. it's an postmortem of subtle brain, blue print at highest degree of detailing of this Gods creation ... Nothing hypothetical but they try to project micro elements and how it functions on their own experiences n journey... Feeling flow which can only be explained n word it but can not show or formlise as experiences on cognitive capacity of one to one... But thnx to all monks who without hiding knowledge step by step try to explain on micro levels...

[@amruthaom8928]

😊Thank you, blessed

[@mrameshkamath4460]

So beautiful and explicit 🌸

[@swamikrishnananda9431]

om namo bhagavathe Sri Ramakrishnaya, om Sri maatre namaha, om Sri Vivekanandaya namaha. om namo Narayanaya swamiji Maharaj.

[@TheWorldTeacher]

Swami Sarvapriyananda is undoubtedly a VERY wise soul but the fact that he supports the two most pernicious institutions on earth says much about his true moral character: F.I.S.H Paragraph 28. Feminism is the penultimate evil at present because feminism is based on the misguided assumption that women are equal to or even superior to men. Although a female can (and often does) exhibit superior traits, skills, etcetera, to some men, a woman can never have AUTHORITY over a man. Truth be told, no true man would ever descend to the level of accepting counsel from any of his subordinates. A man should fully obey his appointed master. However, feminism will NEVER EVER be destroyed until the most pernicious institution is first destroyed: F.I.S.H Paragraph 26. Democracy is evil because the masses will invariably choose the murderous Barabbas over the good King Jesus. This planet is surely doomed unless the most pernicious institution ever known to man (democracy) is replaced by the only legitimate form of government (monarchy - preferably a good monarch, though even a bad king is preferable to being ruled by an elected official who can never be good). Most of the problems in human society are directly or indirectly attributable to this relatively modern phenomenon, since it is the government’s role and sacred duty to enforce the law. Just because good and bad are relative, does not imply that they do not exist. They do exist but are relative. A democrat can never be good, despite appearing so. One of the many sinister characteristics of democracy, communism and other evil forms of governance, is the desire for their so-called “leaders” to attempt to control or at least influence the personal lives of every single citizen. For example, in the wicked, decadent nation where this holy scripture was composed, The Southland (or Australia as it is known in the Latin tongue), the demonic government tries and largely succeeds in controlling the rights of parents to properly raise, discipline and punish their children according to their own morals, limiting legitimate powers an employer has over his servants, persecuting religious leaders (even to imprisonment and death, believe it or not) and even trying to influence what people eat and wear. Not that a government shouldn’t control what its citizens wear in public, but it should ensure that they are modestly dressed, which is hardly the case in Australia and similar nations. Basically, the worst of the democratic governments promote or at least permit all things contrary to God’s perfect and pure will such as adultery, fornication, prostitution, pornography, homosexuality, gambling (even running lotteries themselves), illegitimate abortion of poor innocent unborn children, irreligion, drug addiction, disrespect for authority and promoting materialism and ignorance via a powerful network of institutions of miseducation (so-called “schools, colleges and universities”). Let it be known however - democracy can not and will not endure. The truth shall triumph! Democracy is only acceptable within large business corporations, where the shareholders must vote on who will be the company bosses and other matters. To read the remaining thirty-eight paragraphs of “A Final Instruction Sheet for Humanity”, which the God of all gods has graciously given to His Prophet on Earth, email: [e-mail] with the acronym “FISH” in the subject field.

[@vishakhasharma184]

Reverend Eslam it clearly seems from ur paragraph, that u want people to follow Sharia over democracy, and the world knows what Sharia is actually making people terrorist to kill non muslims. so to save humanity, we must first eradicate and terminate terrorism. for that Sharia to be streamlined or removed.

[@austin426512]

Reverend Eslam I emailed you with subject SHIT and I got bible of Jesus of Nazareth. Amen.

[@kabitaroy7382]

V

[@wendy-leemorrissirrom8636]

Every cell in my body is Blissful 💖🇳🇿🙏

[@GayanPapi]

Very beautiful talk

[@jondoe4898]

That which is knowing...we identify through this... identifying is bifurcation of awareness with intent. Just know without belief in any articulated sense. Know awareness, sit in that. Process is an identifiable path to know, or rather to see the process. Objectively be aware without engaging through a bifurcation of awareness. Just be...

[@kamalkumarattinagaramu8065]

Ultimate 🙏🙏🙏

[@shantanusharma3766]

Thanku 🙏🏻

[@RahulVerma1790]

Great Swami-Ji - I Really love his speeches and lectures... your videos were really helpfull it helps a lot in all aspects, specially those IIT's Videos those were really great and well explanation on board. If possible please do seminar for students your explanation were really AWESOME. Dhanyavad.

[@TheWorldTeacher]

Swami Sarvapriyananda is undoubtedly a VERY wise soul but the fact that he supports the two most pernicious institutions on earth says much about his true moral character: F.I.S.H Paragraph 28. Feminism is the penultimate evil at present because feminism is based on the misguided assumption that women are equal to or even superior to men. Although a female can (and often does) exhibit superior traits, skills, etcetera, to some men, a woman can never have AUTHORITY over a man. Truth be told, no true man would ever descend to the level of accepting counsel from any of his subordinates. A man should fully obey his appointed master. However, feminism will NEVER EVER be destroyed until the most pernicious institution is first destroyed: F.I.S.H Paragraph 26. Democracy is evil because the masses will invariably choose the murderous Barabbas over the good King Jesus. This planet is surely doomed unless the most pernicious institution ever known to man (democracy) is replaced by the only legitimate form of government (monarchy - preferably a good monarch, though even a bad king is preferable to being ruled by an elected official who can never be good). Most of the problems in human society are directly or indirectly attributable to this relatively modern phenomenon, since it is the government’s role and sacred duty to enforce the law. Just because good and bad are relative, does not imply that they do not exist. They do exist but are relative. A democrat can never be good, despite appearing so. One of the many sinister characteristics of democracy, communism and other evil forms of governance, is the desire for their so-called “leaders” to attempt to control or at least influence the personal lives of every single citizen. For example, in the wicked, decadent nation where this holy scripture was composed, The Southland (or Australia as it is known in the Latin tongue), the demonic government tries and largely succeeds in controlling the rights of parents to properly raise, discipline and punish their children according to their own morals, limiting legitimate powers an employer has over his servants, persecuting religious leaders (even to imprisonment and death, believe it or not) and even trying to influence what people eat and wear. Not that a government shouldn’t control what its citizens wear in public, but it should ensure that they are modestly dressed, which is hardly the case in Australia and similar nations. Basically, the worst of the democratic governments promote or at least permit all things contrary to God’s perfect and pure will such as adultery, fornication, prostitution, pornography, homosexuality, gambling (even running lotteries themselves), illegitimate abortion of poor innocent unborn children, irreligion, drug addiction, disrespect for authority and promoting materialism and ignorance via a powerful network of institutions of miseducation (so-called “schools, colleges and universities”). Let it be known however - democracy can not and will not endure. The truth shall triumph! Democracy is only acceptable within large business corporations, where the shareholders must vote on who will be the company bosses and other matters. To read the remaining thirty-eight paragraphs of “A Final Instruction Sheet for Humanity”, which the God of all gods has graciously given to His Prophet on Earth, email: [e-mail] with the acronym “FISH” in the subject field.

[@austin426512]

Reverend Eslam FISH sounds more like SHIT.

[@dipu12341]

We r the extention of the creator and part of the creation..

[@siddharthbhadauria98]

❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤ Just got it!

[@user-Janvarshala]

Wow what an explanation

[@mokshajetley9244]

Jai Sri Ramakrishna

[@DaphneMaine]

Swamiji.......

[@vinoda7525]

"You cannot get it, because you are it"

[@rosappan]

Namaskaram Guru 🙏 🙏🙏 🙏🙏 🙏🙏 🙏

[@freetasman4271]

IMHO opinion and belief the answer is the Spirit and the conscience is only part of it. We are here having a physical experience. When the body can no longer serve the function given to the Spirit we leave the body.

[@awasthiatul51]

Swami ji Excellent Talk, very nicely presented and very informative. Would like to hear your talk on Kenopanishad

[@lakshmanprasad9300]

Even I (just like some other commentators), got started watching your videos based on KZbin recommendations. I first watched Mandukya Teaching at IITK. It deeply influenced me to the point of changing me as an individual. Please accept my sincere reverence for doing these talks and making them available on KZbin. Definitely planning to travel and spend some time in Belur Mutt, in the next year, leaving all else aside and visiting Vedanta society in NY, LA whenever possible.

[@MegaHiCool]

As if Time and space stops if consciousness is experienced. There is no desire to achieve but to do karma to sustain life not for my life but for family.😊

[@rajgopalreddy8958]

Many many questions how to raise how natured how to answer experiencing the answer in day to life understanding small tip of consciousness 👏👏

[@nilimamaity1398]

Govindo Hare Krishna

[@nandinidumblekar7107]

Divine light has to be true. My mother was nearing her end, last year. A day before , half conscious, she kept saying she is seeing a bright light. She kept asking what is that bright light?

[@hemantkullarni6995]

Very good explanation

[@pranaypaul6361]

🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼

[@rajapuduvath0]

Swami chinmayanada give a good example . Take you to a dark room with a torch. By the torchlight you can see every thing and understand in the room .except which battery is inside the torch .