T cells | Immunology Lecture | MHC-I versus MHC-II

This lecture is about T cells and major-histocompatibility complex I and II (MHC-I and MHC-II). The video will go over how T cells and antigen presenting cells fit together and activate. We will discuss where proteins come from to load into MHC-I (the cytosol) and MHC-II (vesicles). Furthermore, I will discuss the differences between CD4 and CD8 T cells. We will also cover positive and negative selection in the thymus.

[@mariachaid9896]

You are amazing!! Thank you so much for educating us on these topics. I am a medical student preparing for my immunology exam and your videos are really helpful for me to understand these complicated concepts!

[@1fhasdfadf]

Can you do a video on how the different types of T helper cells (Th1,Th2, .. Th17) differentiate, interact and what they do in the body?

[@suesy2919]

Did not know microglia was also a APC, thanks for the video!

[@rpark2109]

Just came across your channel as I recently got an NK cell test. It was very low. So I am wondering if you could do a video about how to increase NK cells (if it is possible). I did see your video on NK cells and how they work but it didn’t seem to have any info on how to increase these cells… just possible reasons for a low count. Thank you and really appreciate your videos.

[@peterz53]

Thank you. Wonder if you have thoughts on how to mitigate the loss of thymus function (and hence immune function) with aging. I recall a talk by Prof. Janet Lord in which she showed data on older (60 to 80 I think) long term exercisers (cycling) and how their thymus was apparently functioning as if they were 2 to 3 decades younger.

[@mariachaid9896]

Could you please do a video on VDJ recombination or in hypersensitivity?

[@patriciaceballos239]

Can you explain why Rituximab doesn't work on the (intercellular) Anti-GAD65 Autoimmune Encephalitis? And what could work?

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

I’m not an expert in Autoimmune Encephalitis, but Rituximab mainly targets B cells. If antibodies against GAD65 were the worst part of the disease it should theoretically work. However if T cells are the worst part of the disease then Rituximab would not work. I’m not a medical doctor, I’m a PhD so I can’t give medical advice, but I hope you get the best treatment you can.

[@patriciaceballos239]

@@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192 Thank you so much for helping us understand. 😊

[@lesseirgpapers9245]

You really got the whole Covid and V6x all wrong.

[@techroach6343]

Hello again. A little off topic, but can you please tell me if there is an active transport mechanism for serum based spike IgG across the lung blood barrier into lung epithelial air space/mucus or lamina propria? Or is it just passive diffusion? The only opinion I've run across is that it's passive diffusion. NOTE im not asking about localised IgG, b cells, t cells etc. I'm SPECIFICALLY asking about seroprevalent spike RBD epitope targeted IgG... as raised by "the vaccine". You know WHY I'm asking you right? I'd like to know how covid transfection products (pseudo "vaccines") are in any way useful, or supersede mucosal immune responses/cell mediated local immune response if they can only passively diffuse across the barrier? I can almost... almost see a point to spike based IgG seroprevalence in viremic conditions, although my money would be on the compliment system even with an over abundance of serum spike RBD IgG. I'm politely asking for your thoughts.

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

I'm not sure what a "covid transfection product" because most of the available vaccines are not created with transfection. But I did find a neat paper going over a potential active transport mechanism of IgG into lung epithelial cells. I hope you find it useful. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2193935/

[@techroach6343]

​@@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192 Excellent thank you so much, you're the first person I've asked that's come through with some evidence. I'll have a read. Both moderna and Pfizer sars-cov-2 "vaccines" are in fact transfections. I'm certain you know we don't say we're "vaccinating" a cell line when we want those cells to express an exogenous protein via mRNA. The fact this methodology is being carried out on human cells doesn't change the transfection methodology to "vaccination". You would be very well aware that we've ALWAYS called the expression of exogenous protiens via mRNA in a host cell transfection NOT vaccination. Ditto adenovirus delivery of DNA as transformation NOT vaccination (as is the case with AstraZeneca and Sputnik V). THANKS AGAIN. Your lectures are great.

[@futurevolador3984]

@@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192 Welcome back to youtube. I hope you could have one more lecture to review covid vaccines and why pandemic is still not over yet. It seems they are not as effective as traditional vaccines maybe because covid is more challenging. Any improvement needed to end this pandemic

[@techroach6343]

​@@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192thanks again. I've done a bit more research into my question, and it turns out that the NIH CLAIM that the mechanism at work here is not transcytosis, but rather transudation, which seems even more ludicrous than transcytosis in this instance. For the record I'm calling the "vaccine" a transfection product, NOT that the "vaccines" are produced by transfection. Exogenous mRNA delivery into a cell is BY DEFINITION transfection. We don't "vaccinate" cell lines. We transfect them. I'll wait for your next video upload to go into more detail about the NIH claims. Thanks again. Very much appreciated!