T/S Parameters Explained (Part 1)

[@CORZER0]

This is one of those rare, genius-type of guys you never really forget because not only is he TOO SMART, he is also extremely articulate, a very uncommon combination.

[@CrashPCcz]

It is not genius to know, but it is genius to simultaneously know, share, do high quality content, and not looking like being smug about it. Very well!

[@owencousins8271]

Also often vary wrong

[@owencousins8271]

Me spell good. Vary = very

[@EvolveGaming98]

Wouldnt say being smart and articulate is a very uncommon combination if anything they are proportional and correlated

[@CORZER0]

@@EvolveGaming98 I wouldn't say your grammar and punctuation was very uncommon either.

[@steelervette]

Nothing like feeling as if you're back in class. At least it's for something I'm extremely interested in. Great content!

[@AaronAlso]

I've learned more from your channel in the past 12 days than I learned from 12 weeks of "Physics of Sound Waves and Loudspeakers" in College.

[@elladamerie]

great video again. Adding it to my collection of "keep watching until it's engraved in my brain". I'm building the latest design I got from you and this is by far the heaviest I ever built. Cheers

[@efmax9954]

As an ex-speaker designer for some years - all I have to say is thank you. I knew stuff before but I really know more stuff now.. thank you.

[@DIYerGuy]

Remarkable. This is stuff no books on enclosure design cover in terms of catagorizing the T/S parameters, and it makes you realize how complex and interrelated the mechanical aspects of a speaker are with the box in goes into, to put it simply. It would be great if HexiBase would write a book, or graduated course, on box design, speaker selection, and tuning - it would be fantastic. In terms of the videos, my only suggestion to HexiBase is this: being atuned (no pun intended) to music and audio (I'm a musician and engineer), the level of the background track tends to get in the way just a bit; A lower level would be nice. I've subscribed.

[@shtroumf]

Very informative, you’re underrated in my opinion. You should have a million view of each of your videos. Thank you for sharing this ‘digested’ information/knowledge!

[@FinBotBeep]

Another video addresses this question.

[@Chris-yy7qc]

@@FinBotBeep There is no question in his post...

[@flyrc88]

Just stumbled upon your channel. As an system designer in the past...mainly highend car audio and some theatre systems.....I find your channel very refreshing ! I will be tuning in frequently.... My mind is now jello after trying to remember all the TS data....thanks for the refresher. 🙏🏼

[@chadputt116]

I have been looking at these numbers, dots and characters for a while now...thank you for explaining them...

[@volvosteffe]

Best explanation of parameters i've seen yet. Too bad most people aren't willing to learn fundamental info like this. This should be mandatory to learn for everyone who's interested in audio in general.

[@tp7886]

These new videos of yours are incredibly well produced. Thank you very much for taking the time to make them. I wIll say I do miss your old build videos (i.e. from AZ) too though. You've definitely come a long way.

[@claytonmckeon9872]

I've been watching you for years. I dont think people realize how much time is put into each video. It's cool to see you go from putting out good video's to becoming a master of your craft with easy to understand videos with excellent production value . Thanks for taking the time to make this. By the way you should bring back super Steve!

[@fsommer1]

Well said.

[@Zardnokalicious]

Very good explanation for a complicated subject. Keep up the good work sir, I am looking forward to Part 2!

[@cheetor5923]

I've been building my own speakers since 1998 (I was 14. Wanted 'good' speakers but couldn't afford them). And since 1998 this is the clearest, easiest to understand explanation of TS parameters I've seen. I even learnt a few things I didn't know... Keep up the quality content dude!

[@aalasley1]

Very nice video. It's a lot of info, but with the miracle of pausing and rewatching, an excellent source for understanding these parameters. Thank you for the video, keep it up!

[@ruben3305]

Best explanation video! I’ve always struggle understanding the TS parameters but now I don’t thanks to you! Can’t wait for the 2nd part.

[@DaniCamp67]

And just when I start to really get into sounds and speakers, great breakdown! I've been wanting to learn all these specifications! I'm starting to make my own speaker boxes at home and this is extremely helpful!!

[@96DreamBass]

So glad your back making videos hexibase!

[@didierleclerc66]

You are absolutely brilliant ! This video is simply amazing. Everything's explained clearly. I've watched hundreds or thousands of similar videos. You are (by a huge margin) the best presenter with the best ability to explain complex concepts simply. Greetings from France

[@chingun0325]

i built my own woofer driver, tested it , it was good and i felt so proud. but i missed very big thing. it's that physics .i did not calculate any of them, i just experimented. now i'm gonna feel down until i completely understand all this......

[@SWAMPTTHING]

Lol, I know what you mean, I already purchased the replacement speaker and now I learn how un-researched my project is.

[@bournelucid]

I have been looking for an explaination for T/S parameters...and then i gat the notification It was very helpful 🍻

[@kenneth86]

Thank you for making your videos. I've watched them all. I'm on your level but I'm self taught without mentor so it's rare I find someone that actually articulates a gain for my wisdom. I've learned more in 30 days from u then 12 years in school

[@randomtube8226]

Best simple accurate informative video on this topic on KZbin 👍

[@heirlion2095]

Dude your videos are a gold mine

[@LIFT4POWER]

Honestly this is an EXTREMELY important video. If you are new, and reading this comment, do yourself a favor and bookmark this video. This is the core of loudspeaker alignment. I'm excited to see the next set of videos. Pete, will you be going a vlog on transfer function? Its important for newer hobbyist know that a predicted response is essentially in a infinite space with no interactions.

[@WolFv38]

Absolutely fantastic video with very thorough and concise explanations. Keep up the fantastic productivity!

[@workingclassperson2124]

The more I learn the more I appreciate my sub builder he’s almost done building 2 18 inch solo X motors on 15 inch frames modified with up to date parts. I like the BL of the solo x’s and thanks to you I think if I watch this video and the part 2 50 times each I may truly understand it all /;)

[@ducpao]

Brilliant! Bookmarked. This is absolute content gold!

[@SWAMPTTHING]

Wow… I certainly got what I asked for here… and then some. Thanks for the excellent preparation and for knowing your topic.

[@cyberphox1]

Excellent video and explanations. Look forward to part 2

[@rogersingh3918]

You saved me from making the wrong decision, been reading up on tsp, your video gave me a whole new perspective on tsp, really appreciate how you explained each parameter and their relation to each other, also would love to know which of these parameters and the formula for calculating enclosure volume and port area? Solid information, subbed.

[@jonjonr6]

This is an excellent video. So many parameters explained in way to understand terms. Vas is highly misunderstood. But what I don't understand is why subs with lower damping characteristics are more suitable for infinite baffle, where I would expect a driver with higher damping would be necessary, since there's no enclosure to provide any additional damping.

[@Grommet2007]

It may seem counterintuitive, but damping actually goes ***down*** ("Qb" goes up) when you you put a driver in a sealed enclosure. The larger the box size, the higher the driver's Qts needs to be to achieve a particular Qb, e.g. Qb=0.7. At infinite-baffle (i.e. box size=infinity), Qb is basically the same as the driver's Qts.

[@OldSchoolCarAudio]

Your videos nail the subject every time. Really well put together, an absolute pleasure to watch!

[@cigarjoe6950]

I clearly need more education on TS parameters. Looking forward to the next video

[@davidzoller9617]

You sure got the highest density content regarding speaker-tech.

[@sveneisenhauer1]

Man, I wish you were my twin brother and I was considered the smarter one of us! Short of that, I’ll watch your awesome videos. Great presentations! Thanks for posting them!

[@mahamadousacko823]

The speaker with the iron base gives the song of the iron so if we change the base to something else that makes the sound different from iron like plastic we will have plastic tapping or like a kind of budon it is as if we are practicing tap the budon.

[@colinsmith7216]

"instead of eyeballing the peak of the surround just measure from the inside of the surround to the outside of the opposite surround"....mind blown

[@Papz2theDome]

I love this video. Thank you. I am am teaching my son about car audio and this helps a bunch

[@-IE_it_yourself]

I have to admit, found some of you videos hard to follow, but this had a great layout and explanations.

[@dcputt8193]

My favorite channel. This is the type of thing I didn't know what I didn't know...kudos

[@HugoMechE]

Thank you for taking the time to research this topic in order to better present the idea. Much appreciated.

[@Helectronics]

Very informative, a lot of information in a short time. Well done!

[@droppinlowlows7234]

Good vid sir. It took me yrs to really understand t/s par.

[@AVNwinner]

thank you again pete for sharing your wealth of knowledge with us all. your always amazing with your way of explaining things

[@nicassiuscordero7173]

In 1994 Dr. Neville Thiele came to the Philippines to officially recognize the AES(Philippine Section). He gave a lecture on how he derived his equations. Less than halfway through his lecture, some participants left the lecture hall. When the Dr. had finished his lecture he asked us some feedback regarding his lecture. I told him that the math was to much for most participants and if he could have given a simpler lecture. Dr. Neville responded, I presented this paper in 1965 to the AES board.😂😅 We have an expression in the Audio Engineering Society " If you know what your talking about, talk to us in numbers."

[@drivenbydemons]

Damn I love this channel.

[@johnalenwork53]

Thank you sir excellent video as always!!! Hope you guys are having a great week and I hope you have a better weekend!!!!

[@mosiowaty1573]

6:48 - to calculate total electromechanical efficiency, you divide by Qes? I would expect division by Qts, as both electrical and mechanical damping will affect total efficiency... unless the mechanical damping is somehow accounted for in the constant, Vas and Fs parameters. Is it?

[@frape1969]

Thiele & Small parameters clearly explained, thank you for that. Greetings from Germany ;-)

[@MrClubgibson]

Dude you're a legend!!! An explanation that made sense!!!

[@hakansternersson1804]

Ive watched this a couple of times just to understand and look for the data of my driver for my homemade bluetoothspeaker (extra all) and I´m..........pretty (almost)(eventually)(perhaps) sure I´m in the ballpark :) Thanks alot for sharing your knowlegde.

[@LitchKB]

Appreciate your vlogs - good, concise info. Would really like a video workshop on how to take T/S and design a 4th, 6th and 8th using one or two of some subs you have. Doesn't need to be a literal build - just a workflow. * Which software you can use / is there manual math? * Ideals to aim for. * Caveats to look out for.

[@jasonneal]

Exactly what I was looking for. I am now starting to understand the physics on how a speaker works.

[@justifiedsoul69]

I was going to build a sealed enclosure but listening to your explanation stopped me, as my driver has an EBP of 120 so clearly not suitable. Thank you for making the complex accessible!

[@davesbrewing]

I am realy enjoying your content , strait forward math based and well explained. Great job.

[@luizcarlosquerido2943]

Very good an technical explanation. Thank you!

[@collinrohwer1790]

Yes, you are correct, this should have been the first... But thank you for doing it! I have read and reread the definition of each TS over and over again and I STILL get confused sometimes.

[@barakhalla5338]

1:26 1:55 Etc... That 14KHZ tone.. I felt it in my throat

[@VicOrlando]

Fantastic!!!! I had to read a lot of books n MECP manuals to learn this

[@SSMan-jo6tf]

Okay so I thought I knew my stuff when it comes to speakers,I’ve been installing for most of my adult life but this guy makes me feel dumb! Great information!! Thank you!!

[@408SPLKINGS]

Love Hexi videos Great content, lessons, graphs, charts, visual aides, explanations 20 different sub categories / theories = mind blown How does one use all 20 to decide on a speaker or enclosure..???

[@Grommet2007]

Great video. BTW, Le is usually measured at 1kHz for woofers. In any case, it's not really constant, and can vary significantly. Box modeling software that takes this into consideration can produce more accurate simulations.

[@jodyhowell6158]

Great presentation of interesting content!! Wish you had time to go into more detail on each parameter. Looking forward to part two. Definite subscriber here. Thanks for sharing your knowledge.

[@neillist5517]

This is incredibly well explained. I'm shopping for a woofer for a TL enclosure. I'm not as lost as I once was, lol. Thank you!

[@thomascampbell8064]

Look for low QTS , lab 12 made by Eminence at parts Express is a good choice for a tapped horn or a T-line .

[@dmncanter]

This has been super helpful, thank you for the great vids man! Hope you keep em' coming!

[@craigenputtock]

Wow what a great video! The graphics were great. Thanks for it all.

[@ryry7886]

Great!!! I just wssted 9 minutes and 2 seconds of my life... Now I'm going to have to spend at least 45 minutes and 10 seconds more because its going to take at least 5 more times watching this just to figure out what the hell he was talking about.

[@loops2469]

WOW! And this is just part1. think im gonna need the 'for dummies' version. Good info dude. thank you

[@Conservator.]

Man (Peter), you are sooo good at making these video’s! Thank you, thank you thank you! 🙏

[@CorradoVR6z]

For most big and serious transducer manufactures Le is usually given at 1kHz for low frequency transducers! There isn't much use to give the Le spec at 10kHz if the transducer isn't gonna be working anywhere near that range.

[@randomdestructn]

"Just as a pendulum swings back and forth at a particular rate depending on its weight and fulcrum point" Not quite. The period T of a simple pendulum is expressed by (where g is the acceleration due to gravity, and L is the length of the pendulum): T = 2π√(L/g) Intuitively it feels like the mass of the pendulum should matter, but it doesn't until you start worrying about the aerodynamic properties of the pendulum, or the friction at the pivot point. edit: Great video though. I love your content. Thanks for making such great educational videos.

[@randomdestructn]

@@HexiBase Yeah I understand. A spring-block system is a more representative analogy, but that's not as approachable for someone without a physics background. I also can't think of a good everyday example that seems as intuitively correct as what you said. It just surprised me to hear you reinforcing a common but incorrect assumption :)

[@claytonmckeon9872]

Is the fs similar to water in wine glasses where a musician drags there finger on the rim and depending on how much water is in the glass the pitch changes?

[@fsommer1]

Too critical. The analogy is close enough and represents a good visual picture of the concept. I appreciate and complement your choice of this illustration.

[@leibel1498]

@@HexiBase I was going to bring up the same point but I still think you’re brilliant and I would love to hear you review the speaker design ideas described in speakerevolution.com

[@martyjewell5683]

Most of this is waaaaay over my head. I do "get" the T/S basics. In 1978 my first T/S experience occurred. I purchased hifi speakers from Ohm Acoustics located (like me) in Brooklyn on Taaffe Pl. if I recall correctly. My model L speakers were said to utilize the T/S theory. Something to do with juggling the woofer, box (cabinet) size and "venting". All I know is that my 20X12X10" speakers played really freakin' loud (and clean) and were the equal of systems much larger, more expensive and heavier. With enough output to impress if not annoy the neighbors. In my tiny ($95 a month) studio apartment space was a premium. I think Ohm Acoustics and Electro-Voice were among the first companies to take advantage of this theory. I've had these Ohm L's forty one years and still find them very satisfying, excellent reproducers of sound. Just my un-technical view.

[@ziggy8757]

great video...Pete tell us which of those or combination of those you look for the most for your projects...that would be cool

[@cartruck1070]

Wow. I actually had some misunderstandings that were set right by this vid. Thanks again.

[@JoyRaptor]

Wow. Lokea knowledge machine-gun. A firehose of dsta. Wish i saw this early on in my hobby. Great resource!

[@curtchase3730]

Even with the speed talking and cramming going on, this video was a bit better than many others I've watched regarding T/S parameters. The way I look at it is that if the presenter has a good understanding of the subject, they can make more sense out of it. I am still waiting for someone to explain the nuts and bolts of T/S and how they come into play for a speaker box builder, especially bass boxes. A kinda like "on the job" training sort a thing. Example would be to build a test enclosure where you can adjust the volume size, port size, etc. Get a variety of drivers, mount one up, then using it's specs, try to adjust the cab so it performs it's best. Repeat with other drivers of different specs to see what changes between them. Stuff like that.

[@StonefieldMusic]

@@HexiBase I watched it at .75 speed and it was much easier to follow/

[@ferchodesconocido8464]

Gracias por compartir tu conocimiento, 😃 me gustan tus videos por que los explicas de una manera muy sencilla y clara! Eres mi maestro!

[@bringmeyourweak]

Nicely done Pete! You nailed this one.

[@fabricionexxo]

Hi Hexibase, please show how to measure and calculate TS parameters without using DATS for example

[@failcop]

I want to know more about voice coil series and parallel connection in dual voice coil speakers. More specifically how parallel connection acts on TS parameters and power handling, because in theory lower resistance increase amperage so does that mean that voice coil is going to heat up faster?

[@DrGeta666]

Straight and to the point. Very good.

[@VEC7ORlt]

Yay new content! Succinct and to the point! 'Want fast sub, look for low Le' - tisk tisk! Not something I expected to hear from you!

[@jahlieel.e7856]

Good stuff brother always learning something new from u. Keep it going. Great info.

[@obudaifourty9]

Excellent presentation as usual. Good enought to be a professor in any University.

[@Ottobawt]

Thank you so much for imparting this knowledge. I appreciate how direct you are; but also as a new student, I wonder... could you slow your pace of speaking 15%? it's a lot of rapid information to absorb... but thank you none the less, I'll keep replaying till it sticks!

[@JonathanDFielding]

YES! I've been on a quest to understand these parameters lately. I'm an electrical engineer so the math should'nt be hard, but it isn't intuitive. Well I haven't found a good, yet simplified explanation of this. Great video! Please go into more detail about each parameter and what changed to these parameters mean on enclosure, and sound tradeoffs. Ex: I want the best SQ 10" sub. But I also wasn't low end extension without willing to go ported. I want to understand the ts parameters enough to know the trade offs. So far my choice (without any regard to cost) would be a JL 10W7AE in their sealed box. Cost = $1k.

[@pabloosvaldopenizzotto1098]

Liked and subscribed and waiting for part two!! Great video

[@CrashPCcz]

I would object a little to the Le issue - if one has enough voltage swing from the amplifier, it is not particularly problem for a subwoofer to about 130-150Hz. Other than that, flawless!

[@chriskeeton9080]

Can you explain some of the effects of Qes on power requirements, accuracy, and other behavior, maybe in part 2? Also, all of your videos are awesome, you've helped me really understand some of these topics.

[@rist98]

Wow. So dense with info. In fact, I wish it were explained upon way further. Where it had like an extra vid for each parameter or so.

[@Arshar]

simplest and best explanation..

[@ernestoramos1151]

You give a free lesson thank so much.

[@Drunken_Hamster]

If I'm modeling with something like winISD, what values should I let it auto-calculate EVEN IF a subwoofer manufacturer gives them to me? I noticed the other day when modeling a Stereo Integrity SQL-15 that it had insane DB output levels, but when I forced output to be limited by XMAX (a parameter I KNOW that I got right) it instantly lost like 20-30db of modeled output in the enclosure I was using, particularly EVERYWHERE that I wanted output to be (20-60hz)

[@frankcooke1692]

This is cool. I have a question - if my tweeter is more sensitive than my woofer - can I use these parameters to find the right resistor/cap combinatination to tame it?

[@jagdishthalore1122]

Hello sir I'm from India I request to you if it's possible than please make another channel with Hindi language for indian In india no one knows all about this things in detail and no videos available on KZbin in hindi language Sorry for my English hope you understand Thanks for great explanation about t s parameters 🤟

[@tragicevans4157]

Great video 👌 What I've learn is that Mechanical is green, Electrical is blue and Electro mechanical is yellow.

[@alexandrefernandes6286]

Very goood content. Immediate subscription! THank you for your videos!

[@4077661466jp]

Wow tryin to build an enclosure for a mtx 10" sub and the manufacturer recommend a vented enclosure with port area of 2×12" and a net volume of 1.45cft and qts of .670, however your qts values in relation to enclosure type would put my subwoofer in the sealed enclosure category, So is there anything else that would be considered spec value wise to determine what my subwoofer would be most efficient in as sealed enclosure produce a much more tighter bass note but at much lower levels and don't work the best within the kind of music played for the amount of rms power being used, obviously if a sub that can handle good amount of power rms then sealed enclosure can be used but isn't the case, any info you could give be greatly appreciated ?

[@u9Nails]

Can you answer a question? Why did some manufacturers make a cylindrical tube design speaker cabinet? What are good qualities about that design? What are some bad qualities? What I particularly found odd is that they sounded good and seemed efficient.