How do dogs "see" with their noses? - Alexandra Horowitz

  Рет қаралды 2,276,276

TED-Ed

TED-Ed

Күн бұрын

View full lesson: ed.ted.com/less...
You may have heard the expression that dogs ‘see with their noses.’ But these creature’s amazing nasal architecture actually reveals a whole world beyond what we can see. Alexandra Horowitz illustrates how the dog’s nose can smell the past, the future and even things that can’t be seen at all.
Lesson by Alexandra Horowitz, animation by Província Studio.

Пікірлер: 683
@mitjakocjancic2205
@mitjakocjancic2205 9 жыл бұрын
A piss-covered tree is a Dog's facebook wall.
@ibrahinmenriquez3108
@ibrahinmenriquez3108 9 жыл бұрын
Did you mean... Piss-book? :D
@vincent4724
@vincent4724 9 жыл бұрын
LOL
@justabitch4671
@justabitch4671 4 жыл бұрын
Ibrahinm SciMath pissbark
@justabitch4671
@justabitch4671 4 жыл бұрын
Ibrahinm SciMath get it “bark”? Like a tree bark and dog barking
@shayyemini3406
@shayyemini3406 4 жыл бұрын
Mitja Kocjancic lol
@downdacourt
@downdacourt 4 жыл бұрын
I did not think I could love my dog more than I already do, but I was completely wrong.
@mikeyd946
@mikeyd946 3 жыл бұрын
My friends dog is 100% blind but it acts like its not even phased. I am always in awe by its ability to navigate this world! This is why he is so well adjusted!
@julesoxana3630
@julesoxana3630 Жыл бұрын
Dogs are awesome❤️ your friends dog sounds sounds so amazing and your friend is an amazing owner❤️
@tweaker1bms
@tweaker1bms Жыл бұрын
I had a blind dog that would be able to escape the house and follow us for miles down a winding mountain road, a road we were driving down mind you! He was able to follow us when we were in a car 😳
@OnePressMan
@OnePressMan 11 ай бұрын
@@tweaker1bmsdamn that’s crazy! What kind of dog?
@suzanneshelton4798
@suzanneshelton4798 8 жыл бұрын
Thank you - this made me appreciate the importance of dogs having the opportunity to get outside their own yard and smell different smells. Atticus and I go for a lot more walks now.
@da_poopoo_dealer3152
@da_poopoo_dealer3152 2 жыл бұрын
Lol i do this with my cat ill drive around letting her smell out the window for a bit then ill pull over and let her walk around and sniff stuff and even rub her face on stuff to mark it if she wants
@tangerine8345
@tangerine8345 9 жыл бұрын
I looved this video. Dogs are beyong amazing. My 10 year old rottie passed away almost 2 years ago, and we are still missing her deeply. She was the joy in my home, we were very blessed to have her ❤❤
@sortagoodish8491
@sortagoodish8491 4 жыл бұрын
Do you have a new dog yet? My 11 year old golden retriever is going to be put down tomorrow, so I know the pain - and yeah I know I'm responding to a 4 year old comment, sue me - but I at least have two other, much younger goldens; there are always more dogs, each wonderful in their own way, always coming anew even as our older canine friends pass. I'll miss my old good boy, but he lived a good life, and my younger dogs will stay with me - and in future days when they too pass, new pups will have been born, each to live long and well.
@sayhey2538
@sayhey2538 4 жыл бұрын
Nowadays people tend to love dogs more than their family members👍
@fernandajaor3559
@fernandajaor3559 9 жыл бұрын
Dogs are the most beautiful creature on Earth
@rtrimble
@rtrimble 8 жыл бұрын
AGREED!!!
@kompot505
@kompot505 8 жыл бұрын
No, they aren't.
@kompot505
@kompot505 8 жыл бұрын
No, they aren't. Period. Game over.
@fernandajaor3559
@fernandajaor3559 8 жыл бұрын
Nutella Spoonful Why do you think they're not? What's the most beautiful creature then?
@kompot505
@kompot505 8 жыл бұрын
Nothing. Nature is the most beautiful thing.
@fakemadereal
@fakemadereal 10 жыл бұрын
I never knew dogs were 5th dimensional beings....
@random_person_on_internet
@random_person_on_internet 4 жыл бұрын
Ha ha ha lol😂
@aguas_de_marco
@aguas_de_marco 3 жыл бұрын
*dun dun*
@user-pi1lb4tf2f
@user-pi1lb4tf2f 3 жыл бұрын
It's not spelled G O D backwards for nothing.
@you_tube8119
@you_tube8119 Жыл бұрын
@@user-pi1lb4tf2f damnn, v both hv the same usernameee
@Garbeaux.
@Garbeaux. 4 жыл бұрын
I’ve always thought dogs and humans have a symbiotic relationship that makes up for each other’s strengths and weakness. We work together in a mutually beneficial partnership. Some have argued we wouldn’t have started civilization without the help of dogs.
@eldash2801
@eldash2801 3 жыл бұрын
They are so perfect, we dont deserve them at all 💕 And now people can hurt them, is beyond my understanding.
@artwelve22
@artwelve22 6 жыл бұрын
So that means a dog can definitely tell if their owner petted another dog... “welcome home, CHEATER”
@tomasdelcampo2
@tomasdelcampo2 5 жыл бұрын
This video wasn’t necessary to realize that
@arikakarin2323
@arikakarin2323 4 жыл бұрын
Smart boi
@Amit_Pirate
@Amit_Pirate 4 жыл бұрын
I have neighbors in my house and both the families have one dog and when my dad comes home my dog Max smells him like a thousand times just to confirm that he didn't meet any other dog 😂
@apillow666
@apillow666 3 жыл бұрын
"Why do you smell of the neighbor's DOG?!"
@heatherbillington4906
@heatherbillington4906 3 жыл бұрын
To true
@toreshi
@toreshi 10 жыл бұрын
Watching this with my dog :)
@rolandviado
@rolandviado 7 жыл бұрын
lucky7 same
@caninebroccoli9543
@caninebroccoli9543 5 жыл бұрын
How good of a boy/girl/non binary is she/he/they?
@ATBZ
@ATBZ 5 жыл бұрын
:)
@Viridiana_0
@Viridiana_0 5 жыл бұрын
same :)
@choco8970
@choco8970 3 жыл бұрын
Same
@kevobrando95lx44
@kevobrando95lx44 2 жыл бұрын
The little air vortexes caused by the exhaling makes the quick sniffing sensible
@adamstriebel7815
@adamstriebel7815 3 жыл бұрын
CRAZY HOW LUCKY WE ARE to be able to access all this knowledge. I LOVE me some TED-Ed! Alexandra's book is great too!!!
@dstanl
@dstanl 3 жыл бұрын
I read somewhere that when you take your dog out for a walk/sniff, for them it’s like reading the paper. They find out everything they need to know. I always let my dog have a good sniff even if it drives me crazy.
@user-my8qj
@user-my8qj 2 жыл бұрын
But why would that drive you crazy?
@eyglo89
@eyglo89 2 жыл бұрын
@@user-my8qj It can drive you crazy bc it's very time consuming, just a 10 min walk for you alone can be double the time with a dog. Always stopping and sniffing/peeing, sometimes we only take 2 steps and then they stop again like it's the most important sniff they will ever have. I do allow my dog's to stop this often, when I take them out it's for them, I try to not combine me doing stuff and taking them with me and walk there. If I'm walking for the exercise I will choose a path where they can run free and I don't need to stop this often. I call these slow walks Nosebook 😅 but if someone was standing over me while I was on Facebook or other social media I would also try to read/see everything at once
@joshuarosen6242
@joshuarosen6242 8 жыл бұрын
The point about time is what fascinates me about this. I can see my dog can smell the recent history of where we go. It would be really interesting to know what that feels like.
@brokensunnier4098
@brokensunnier4098 8 жыл бұрын
What a wonderful lesson! I have a gluten detection dog and this is a great explanation of how he can do what he does! Thank you to all who made this!
@bayla2011
@bayla2011 10 жыл бұрын
What a beautiful study! The animation was great too- quite child like. Thank you for sharing!
@Chorum28
@Chorum28 9 жыл бұрын
I knew my dog was special.
@innovacionservicioded2038
@innovacionservicioded2038 5 жыл бұрын
OMFG BEST COMMENT EVER
@kevinren2044
@kevinren2044 5 жыл бұрын
i was ur 100th like lol
@boobatherapper2595
@boobatherapper2595 5 жыл бұрын
Give them daltonian glasses😎😎
@MichaelMiller-rg6or
@MichaelMiller-rg6or 8 жыл бұрын
My dog drives me crazy sometimes, my home wouldn't be the same without him
@thiagomoutinhoramos
@thiagomoutinhoramos 8 жыл бұрын
That's why dogs are SO adorable
@nonsibicunctis
@nonsibicunctis 9 жыл бұрын
Great presentation - simply explained, attractive graphics, entertaining & informative. Good one. AAA
@MrMysticphantom
@MrMysticphantom 10 жыл бұрын
holy crap i knew the differences would be complex.... but not this complex... this is amazing
@ljre3397
@ljre3397 2 жыл бұрын
I know this is 7 years old but this is a really good video. Thanks if you’re still listening.
@ElectricIguana
@ElectricIguana 10 жыл бұрын
I fell in love with the animated dog in this video
@SilverSugarwings
@SilverSugarwings 7 жыл бұрын
God has blessed us with such wonderful creatures :) 💙
@thatoneguy7451
@thatoneguy7451 4 жыл бұрын
if they had thumbs and a bigger brain, they’d pick up a knife and kill us
@professoreg3801
@professoreg3801 2 жыл бұрын
@@thatoneguy7451 you’re thinking of cats dude
@marieindia8116
@marieindia8116 3 жыл бұрын
I cant tell you how much I love this video. I have recommended it to several people.
@RandomCanEHdian
@RandomCanEHdian 10 жыл бұрын
I think this video helps me explain to myself why my dog has such an obsession with the window near her couch always being open.
@animatrix1490
@animatrix1490 9 жыл бұрын
I feel like this is part of why people (including myself) like dogs. They can literally sense our emotions and respond to them.
@tsueberm
@tsueberm 8 жыл бұрын
One big difference not really made clear in the video is, that we humans are limited to distinguish one smell at a time (try it out - you can one smell one thing at a time). While dogs do not have time limitation. As they can smell many things at once, the comparison is rather about one colour at a time vs. seeing a full 3d vision.
@ADEehrh
@ADEehrh 6 жыл бұрын
dafreergdf That may be cause their face is almost all nose. Long live fido!
@teke735
@teke735 5 жыл бұрын
Amazing information, delivered wonderfully! Quite a few questions answered for me. Kudos!
@KrzysztofKotarba
@KrzysztofKotarba 10 жыл бұрын
I use public transport... I don't want to have such a good smell like dogs.
@Cayleona
@Cayleona 2 жыл бұрын
That animated dog was absolutely beautiful! And thanks for this video :)
@adrianapibai4500
@adrianapibai4500 10 жыл бұрын
Thanx Alexandra Horowitz for your contribution to science, especially to our knowledge and interaction with dogs. Regards from Buenos Aires.
@AdnanAhmed
@AdnanAhmed 8 жыл бұрын
Great voice over for the dog.
@yeaijachoudhury7100
@yeaijachoudhury7100 8 жыл бұрын
dogs are love💖.... the bestest greatest friendliest creature of all time 💖💙💚💛💝💜
@ArjunShenoy
@ArjunShenoy 10 жыл бұрын
Didn't know there is so much !! Thanks for the share TED-Ed !!
@judypa38
@judypa38 3 жыл бұрын
Interesting: I live where there are deer. I noticed I won't see a deer if I am outside working. If I stay inside all day, sometime during the day I have a family of deer hanging out in my yard. I had seen cougars and wondered how the deer avoided the cougars; then I learned deer smell other animals and they know who the predators are. There was a couple of times peoples dogs would run over to me and let me pet them; the owner would say: my dog doesn't let others pet them. My favorite animal story: I was really tired one day and fell asleep sitting up on the couch. My friendly dog, was acting chaotic and really wanted my attention - I got up because he was acting so weird and followed him, he took me to the door and I saw a mans hand reaching for the door knob and I noticed the door wasn't locked. I locked it, and the man said, sorry wrong house. My dog knew- he smelled or sensed danger.
@ronque23
@ronque23 5 жыл бұрын
Watched this while my dog lay on my lap, right before he’s sniffing around even though I’ve got no treat for him. Great bonding video!
@achalsood3705
@achalsood3705 3 жыл бұрын
All this sniffing power and my dog still struggles to find the treats I hide for him. My dog is a little derpy but I still love him very much.
@o001857
@o001857 8 жыл бұрын
I love the narration by Pen-Pen Chen.
@studmuffin4785
@studmuffin4785 10 жыл бұрын
Hahahahahaahaha @2:36 and her voice is so serious loool- funny yet educational :)
@goldenhorn15
@goldenhorn15 9 жыл бұрын
What a wonderful video! My dogs never cease to SNORT me, when I have been away from the house. I love dogs so fking muchly :)
@hrrawr
@hrrawr 2 жыл бұрын
It's been a long time since I've learned so much in less than 5 minutes!
@ha8008
@ha8008 3 жыл бұрын
the animation is so cute i love it
@vjnikm8730
@vjnikm8730 4 жыл бұрын
Animation is awesome...hope u make each video like this only....and dog look so sweet...I'm definitely gonna adopte one soon...
@Lena-ld1qc
@Lena-ld1qc 10 жыл бұрын
Great video and lovely animation.Thanks! 2:25 -on how impressive! Was left speechless the first time I read about it! Amazing set of skills these amazing creatures have! :)
@domenica1976
@domenica1976 9 жыл бұрын
this is amazing. Thanks for sharing!!
@danilovilela1784
@danilovilela1784 8 жыл бұрын
After watched this video I undestand my dog better and see the things as its point of view. Thanks for that! Grat job
@_charlotteevee_
@_charlotteevee_ 6 жыл бұрын
The dog in the video is so cute!
@Miyao05
@Miyao05 8 жыл бұрын
This is why I love dogs. Just another amazing facts about them
@gowasnoga
@gowasnoga 10 жыл бұрын
dogs are awesome
@dipro001
@dipro001 10 жыл бұрын
AWWW this dog is SO CUTEE! I want to give it a hug ^_^
@deadblasterjs
@deadblasterjs 10 жыл бұрын
Ted ed dogs don't see in black and white you know... They see a lot less colors but they do see colors Human beings have 3 cones of color receptors in our eyes Dong only have 2.. Mantis shrimp has 12 receptors :D
@FunnyLittleFrog
@FunnyLittleFrog 5 жыл бұрын
And how do these receptors/cones make each thing look different? Just curious
@siyacer
@siyacer 5 жыл бұрын
@@FunnyLittleFrog 3 different cones means 3 different primary colors. Less cones means less colors, because there's less colors that can be made by combining with the primary colors.
@thatoneguy7451
@thatoneguy7451 4 жыл бұрын
Dogs see blue and yellow, but don’t see green and red; green and red looks like just gray to them.
@random_person_on_internet
@random_person_on_internet 4 жыл бұрын
@@thatoneguy7451 means color blind peoples also have 2 cons instead of 3😄😆😂
@random_person_on_internet
@random_person_on_internet 4 жыл бұрын
Looks like world is always very colorful for mantis shrimps :D
@LizzieMarie1111
@LizzieMarie1111 6 жыл бұрын
awwww i wanna hug my little buddy now like always love you Yoda and Jaxxy
@danielparra9271
@danielparra9271 2 жыл бұрын
This is amazing! thanks.
@idkwtvr4844
@idkwtvr4844 5 жыл бұрын
In English, we can directly describe how things look (ex: this is green), or we can say that it looks like something else (this looks like an apple). There are a lot fewer direct description words for smell, and we usually describe smells by saying what something smells like. This is because most humans do not rely on the sense of smell as much as sight, so we have more descriptive words for sight. However, dogs have a relatively strong sense of smell and worse eyesight, so if they had a language, I can’t help but wonder whether they would have a lot more words to describe smell that we humans will never be able to understand. (Just imagine a dog being like “your apple smells green”)
@rafiasruti9430
@rafiasruti9430 4 жыл бұрын
This doggo is way too cuteo😍
@ronmecredy
@ronmecredy 10 жыл бұрын
I always find it funny when other dog owners comment about how my dog is probably smelling their pooch when she greets them
@ItBeHayley
@ItBeHayley 10 жыл бұрын
dogs are just amazing
@50zezima
@50zezima 9 жыл бұрын
dogs do not see like that, they are red-green colorblind by default. that means that they still see vibrant yellows and blues
@xivwords5448
@xivwords5448 6 жыл бұрын
Too poo not totally rg color blinds. The rods and cones
@gsantoscms
@gsantoscms 6 жыл бұрын
What a fascinating video. As a fellow dog lover, Thank you! Something else I have always wondered is why do they lick humans so much?
@diwesta
@diwesta 10 жыл бұрын
This dog art is really cute
@Simonmallink9
@Simonmallink9 9 жыл бұрын
fantastic love it .. Will be using it as a training aid at our academy ...
@genesisonaroll1040
@genesisonaroll1040 4 жыл бұрын
That dog is sooooo cuteeeee
@youwantmyname9208
@youwantmyname9208 2 жыл бұрын
Dogs could sense your emotions, sickness or your genetic even if you didn't even know you had it! Dogs smelling ability is so amazing
@jalajarmenon8680
@jalajarmenon8680 Жыл бұрын
Genetic?
@NguyenMinh792
@NguyenMinh792 11 ай бұрын
Genes
@kellytozarindamasceno6709
@kellytozarindamasceno6709 Жыл бұрын
I liked the animation, simple and cute!
@ChadMichaelSimon
@ChadMichaelSimon 6 ай бұрын
The enrichment dogs get from good sniffing is vital. Sometimes we walk for me, where she keeps pace by my side for longer distances. But I vary those with walks for her, with a longer lead and allowing her sniff as long as she wants. They say a quarter-mile of great sniffing is more rewarding than a 2-mile hike. Of course, having a balance is good. A metaphor I developed during our walks: Imagine you’re on a leash with a collar around your neck. Every walk is like going to an art museum. But your guide is blind. They can navigate the museum with you, but they can’t see the paintings. You can browse past several before one really catches your eye, a Monet or Degas or “Sunday Afternoon in the Park” by Seurat. You’re moved by the style, colors, and composition. Suddenly, your guide is tugging on your leash, pulling you away. “But… I want to look at this painting!” We can’t explain looking at a painting or sunset to a dog any more than they can explain what they experience with a good sniff. I remember that every time we’re walking. :-)
@TommyAndGracie
@TommyAndGracie 10 жыл бұрын
My chihuahua has radar smelling and hearing! : )
@bassinblue
@bassinblue 9 жыл бұрын
I'm watching this video and looking at my cat like ''see? Why can't you be like that?"....he just crapped on my bed.
@rolandviado
@rolandviado 7 жыл бұрын
David Harrison OMG!!! 😨
@siyacer
@siyacer 5 жыл бұрын
Potty training time
@christosvaid4454
@christosvaid4454 4 жыл бұрын
Wrong animal pet
@jujudizzle
@jujudizzle 10 жыл бұрын
Super cute and informative! Thanks :D
@valen8560
@valen8560 5 жыл бұрын
3:05 that is kind of sad
@jackjohn4882
@jackjohn4882 5 жыл бұрын
My dog could tell if I had bought chicken for dinner way before I was even close to the house's gate.
@youdontknowme55517
@youdontknowme55517 2 жыл бұрын
amazing video! love it
@gatorchomp3371
@gatorchomp3371 4 жыл бұрын
amazing, great video!
@SiccoKrediet
@SiccoKrediet 6 ай бұрын
Thanks alot, it realy opened my eyes🙏🙏
@isabellahaddad8091
@isabellahaddad8091 3 жыл бұрын
At first I thought it wasn’t highlighting the human olfactory bulb but after a hot second I realized it was a tiny speck almost as thick as the line and that’s how small it is
@mikestoneadfjgs
@mikestoneadfjgs 10 жыл бұрын
Great video!!
@1018Stacey
@1018Stacey 5 жыл бұрын
Wow, your video was very well done. I learned a lot even though we do not have a dog but, many cats instead.
@rootnac
@rootnac 3 жыл бұрын
Dog noses are the best thing in the world ❤️
@aryensujjan
@aryensujjan 10 жыл бұрын
TED Ed you are just amazing
@lavapop1900
@lavapop1900 6 жыл бұрын
I thoroughly enjoyed this video
@lara_xy
@lara_xy 3 жыл бұрын
Love the animations as always!
@noahsmit5663
@noahsmit5663 8 жыл бұрын
so helpful
@kukithecat9730
@kukithecat9730 5 жыл бұрын
dogs are amazing
@morkwa
@morkwa 9 жыл бұрын
fire hydrants and trees are kind of a dog "foursquare". they're like "sniff-sniff, let's see who checked in here?"
@1127jim
@1127jim 10 жыл бұрын
They should do another one on dog hearing. My dog can hear the UPS and FEDEX truck long before it passes near the house.
@Lena-ld1qc
@Lena-ld1qc 10 жыл бұрын
Have long wondered the same thing. My uncle's guard dog, who stays in his front yard, starts welcoming me when I'm almost a block away whenever I go visit them. I can hear him bark like crazy and I know he can't see me. Though, I've always thought he could smell and not hear me, cus he does not bark for strangers when they're that far, but he does bark for me and my brother.
@munk47
@munk47 Жыл бұрын
when i would walk my dog i would always think "are the other dogs doing okay" as she sniffed everything on our way. glad to know she can actually tell those things lol crazy.
@wndymr
@wndymr Жыл бұрын
Dogs are incredible beings 💖💖💖
@GoJays
@GoJays 3 жыл бұрын
The absolute best living thing on the planet. Unbelievable species
@aaronzamoranos9119
@aaronzamoranos9119 5 жыл бұрын
That's why I love dogs
@weird.silence9548
@weird.silence9548 8 жыл бұрын
We watched this in school! Great video!!
@B.Thull-Dawid
@B.Thull-Dawid 5 жыл бұрын
Sehr schön, super umgesetzt, ich bin begeistert!
@dominikakoodynska3357
@dominikakoodynska3357 5 жыл бұрын
how amazing!! 😍
@OscarstacyPretty
@OscarstacyPretty 5 ай бұрын
I want my dog like this ❤
@damienhagedorn8990
@damienhagedorn8990 Жыл бұрын
When it called landmarks like fire hydrants and trees aromatic bulletin boards it reminded me of something my grandmother would say about dogs taking their time to smell those areas she would say they're reading the newspaper
@MNobass
@MNobass 10 жыл бұрын
so nice! I love it!
@multiyapples
@multiyapples 3 ай бұрын
So fascinating.
@valentijnraw
@valentijnraw 10 жыл бұрын
amazing story here from the Netherlands. Police were searching with dogs for something i dont know. and the dogs picked up another smell.. turns out they smelled a car that had been laying under water for 17 years!! with 4 persons still in it. incredible right?
@emilyhancock3456
@emilyhancock3456 10 жыл бұрын
SO cool!
@pepsi-man2826
@pepsi-man2826 Жыл бұрын
And yet, when I’m having a bad day, my dog just sits there waiting for pets.
How do animals experience pain? - Robyn J. Crook
5:07
TED-Ed
Рет қаралды 3,6 МЛН
How Your Dog's Nose Knows So Much | Deep Look
4:01
Deep Look
Рет қаралды 957 М.
На ЭТО можно смотреть БЕСКОНЕЧНО 👌👌👌
01:00
БЕЗУМНЫЙ СПОРТ
Рет қаралды 4,4 МЛН
Провальная Акция в Seven Eleven
00:51
Тимур Сидельников
Рет қаралды 2,7 МЛН
New Colour Match Puzzle Challenge With Squid Game 2 - Incredibox Sprunki
00:30
The smartest dog in the world | 60 Minutes Archive
12:59
60 Minutes
Рет қаралды 18 МЛН
How to master your sense of smell - Alexandra Horowitz
4:34
How button boards are changing human-canine communication
7:25
PBS NewsHour
Рет қаралды 957 М.
The Real Reason Why You Have Allergies
15:14
Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell
Рет қаралды 4,2 МЛН
Why do cats act so weird? - Tony Buffington
4:58
TED-Ed
Рет қаралды 12 МЛН
The Problem Dogs Solved That We Couldn't
17:06
Real Science
Рет қаралды 599 М.
What staying up all night does to your brain - Anna Rothschild
5:37
How Dogs (Eventually) Became Our Best Friends
9:55
PBS Eons
Рет қаралды 6 МЛН
How does hibernation work? - Sheena Lee Faherty
4:49
TED-Ed
Рет қаралды 1,5 МЛН
На ЭТО можно смотреть БЕСКОНЕЧНО 👌👌👌
01:00
БЕЗУМНЫЙ СПОРТ
Рет қаралды 4,4 МЛН