Tesla's 4680 Current Collector Layout

[@MunroLive]

Limited Edition Pink Foam of Death Tee! Buy Now: munro-live-store.creator-spring.com/listing/pink-foam-of-death-band-tee

[@wernervienna]

As a Tesla driver and engineer, I can hardly express how much I love this channel. Please keep it up! These insights can not be found anywhere else and are just great for the interested tech nerd

[@MunroLive]

More to come!

[@TheGreatestJuJu]

All of this wouldn’t ever be shown to public without Munro. I don’t understand most of it but it’s fascinating to see the complexity that goes into manufacturing

[@ricknplano1401]

Corey, you are getting much better at this. I enjoyed hearing you compare and contrast with other manufacturers, what is good and what is bad, why do they do it this way versus another way, what do you see that is surprising, what is a mistake, etc. Thank you for your insights.

[@MunroLive]

Thank you Richard, much appreciated.

[@limeyB-star-D]

I totally agree, what you have done to propel Sandy into our world has been beneficial to everyone including myself, just wish I was 40 years younger! I honestly believe you are setting sparks of encoragement into our youth and their futures, which is all of our futures! great job to everyone at Munroe

[@toobalicious]

Truly, one of the best-spent uses of my time available on YT. In almost every instance, I walk away from your videos having learned something useful. Thanks for putting in the hard work so that we can benefit!

[@MunroLive]

Great to hear!

[@chriswilson263]

Fantastic work guys! Thanks for doing the horrible job of splitting this apart then explaining, so we can all appreciate the incredible technology and packaging that has gone into it.

[@techman2553]

This is in dire need of a 3D model that can be shown layer by layer, section by section so that we can see more clearly how it is all put together. That's probably a good project for an enthusiast that wants to study the footage and create the model, similar to the community Starship and Raptor models. Awesome tear down !!

[@thelimitingfactor]

Thanks guys!

[@doctormix71]

I’d love to be able to personally thank and shake the hand of every person who has had a hand in designing and assembling these technological miracles… and even MORE kudos to those of you who trudged through the DISassembly!!! 🙌🏼🤩👍🏼👍🏼😂

[@TomTheDutchy]

Since 3 years i am running my own rental company renting out trailers with batteries as stand alone energy alternative to dieselgenerators. I used tesla modules and now catl 16S modules from mercedes. I am a self taught engineer and this is where i learn the trade and optimise my systems. Reduce the component parts, give parts multiple functions, reduce weight and keep it very simple. You guys are absolutely phenomenal and worth more than any education that you can pay for. Thanks and love from the Netherlands!

[@HoldFastFilms]

I needed one of those cells in the 80's to power my walkman. Silliness aside, it is very exciting to watch all the progress being made and thank you guys for making this educational content for all of us.

[@LawpickingLocksmith]

Brilliant design! Such a rigid battery, no rattle and shake. Together with 2 casts this car is getting more and more ahead of the competition.

[@yuvallitvin]

I really appreciate what you and your team do to make this channel so informative and entertaining. Thanks again

[@MunroLive]

Glad you enjoy it!

[@kstaxman2]

Everyone just gets better and better at working with the video medium as the experience grows with the number of videos you've put out. It's great to see that you continue to improve the quality and nature of your sharing the insight and engineering that Munro and associates has in house. Taking these complex ideas and parts and explaining them in layman's terms is a tough thing to do. You all are working so hard to bring us all the information we could possible hope for. Thanks!

[@BexieBoy]

My favorite videos are those where you compare different models, manufacturers, years etc. I find this channel bald and honest - something that is extremely rare to find when dealing with content that compares carmanufacturers

[@MarkRose1337]

I enjoyed the Anker ad. More ads like that, please.

[@Weezedog]

Another KZbinr, The Limiting Factor, got a pre-production 4680 cell and sent it to researchers at UC San Diego for tear down and has the full 4hr teardown condensed down into a 1hr video on his channel. It would be interesting to see if there are any significant changes in the production cell, though not sure Munro will go into that level of detail on KZbin. The shell of the 4680 cell is much thicker than a 2170 cell, likely due to it being intended as a structural pack design. The researchers had a heck of a time cutting the through the shell, much like Munro is having a heck of a time disassembling the pack.

[@AustinFerguson]

This guy bought a cell from Sandy already to repeat this process again. So he will have his comparison between the two.

[@CiaranMcHale]

The Limiting Factor plans to buy one of the cells from Munro Live, do a tear-down of it, and report what differences it has, if any, from the older cell. I'm not sure what the time frame will be for that tear-down and reporting.

[@kadmow]

The cells themselves aren't structural - all that "pink foam" precludes that... Thermodynamics and containing "runaway events with a lower SurfArea to Volume ration will necessitate thicker casing... lol.. Ay research institute who can't cut a steel case, isn't trying... Obv, Triolled - for good reason... lol... jk..have a great day.

[@Cloxxki]

Define "structural"? Is the car a noodle without the pack bolted on? There was supposed to be weight savings, but the loss in energy capacity seems to be greater than the reported 9 kgs.

[@Weezedog]

@@kadmow Well it would be easy if you didn’t care about destroying it, but to do it properly requires doing it in a sealed glove box with no oxygen with all manual tools. Makes it a lot more difficult.

[@rmkep]

When Tesla said they would build a "structural battery pack" they meant it. Nice job fellas and looking forward to more.

[@Cloxxki]

Structural meaning, you just scrap it as one brick? It's a thick one, but apart from saving parts, what else does it? It's just a pack with cells and its bolted to a car. Just, it lacks a triple "floor", only has 2.

[@vaibhavdlv]

@@Cloxxki I think they decided to throw repair-ability out the door with this and just optimize the heck out of it for manufacturing,cost & performance. This pack is not made to repair. If anything goes bad, you throw it out, it gets recycled to elements. Now for customers, it depends on Tesla's manufacturing prowess for this pack to last 8-10 years and get max return on investment.

[@fred8281]

​@@Cloxxki wrote "... but apart from saving parts, what else does it [do]? ..." In a conventional battery pack, the cells are basically just sitting more or less loosely packed on the floor of the pack, with just enough structural connection to keep them in place. They are dead weight that needs to be carried by the outer casing, which typically needs to be reinforced with beams placed inside the pack between the cells for sufficient strength and rigidity. In this structural pack, every single cell is firmly bonded to both the top and bottom casing. So every single cell is contributing strength and rigidity to the pack. This eliminates the need for internal reinforcement beams, which allows room for more cells, and/or a more compact pack, and/or more crumple zone at the edges of the pack. Also, as a side benefit, the greater rigidity improves the ride and handling.

[@pgiatrakis]

I love this show thank you so much for all your hard work I really appreciate what you and your team do to make this channel so informative and entertaining. Thanks again ❤️🙏🏽❤️🙏🏽

[@MunroLive]

Our pleasure!

[@mimmipiggast2243]

This is like a drawn out Christmas present opening. Love it. 😍

[@kevin42]

Quality is significantly higher. B-roll looks great you guys.

[@MunroLive]

Thanks KEVIN (home alone voice)

[@kevin42]

@@MunroLive Keep the change, ya filthy animal

[@damongnojek3912]

I can see the headlines now… “Expert Engineer in Fan Favorite Teardown claims Tesla’s new Battery Pack contains “Foam of Death” Lol You guys are great, excellent video! We are all rooting for your enduring success! (We all loved seeing Sandy being complimented by the Ford Ceo, very emotional) Thank you!

[@jamesparson]

Foam of Death is the name of my Slipknot cover band.

[@damongnojek3912]

@@jamesparson haha, yes!

[@rogerstarkey5390]

HOLD ON!!! That means us "Tesla fanboys" (😉) can now use the term "FOD" as well!!? Great!! 👍👍

[@BatterVswithAntonio]

@@rogerstarkey5390 Its a Tee, and FOD is a standard acronym. "Foreign Object or Debris"

[@JRP3]

You have to do some cycle testing on a cell to find out what it can do. Capacity, C rate, efficiency.

[@nelsongarcia8959]

3:17 Learned a new technical term today: PUFD (Pink Urethane Foam of Death) Great video!

[@steverobbins4872]

9 cells in parallel. The shape of the current collector is critical for getting the most energy out of the pack. This thin flat material has some sheet resistance so, when the cell group is under load, the current through each cell is slightly different from the others. While discharging, the cell with the most current will reach full discharge first, forcing the BMS to end discharge while it's neighbors still have charge that can't be used. And durring charging, the cell with the most current will reach max charge first, forcing the BMS to end charging while it's neighbors could still be charged more. You should do a DC Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of this under max load; I think the results would be very interesting.

[@alexforget]

The shape seems to be calculated to balance the currents, thinner and wider bands are used depending on the length/geometry

[@steverobbins4872]

@@alexforget Exactly. But I know from experience that getting it just right can be very challenging. That's why a FEA would be interesting, because it would show exactly how well they did this.

[@steverobbins4872]

Forgot to say, the current collector needs to: 1) provide just enough series resistance for each cell to swamp the small cell-to-cell variations in internal resistance, and 2) keep the mutual resistance (yes, that's a thing) low enough for good current matching at max charge/discharge current. The temperature coefficient of resistance of the alloy may also be a significant factor.

[@NickGobin]

Can we take a minute to appreciate the music on Munro Live? Don't get me wrong - everything else is awesome too, but the music intros and outros on this channel kick ass!

[@JustTIC]

Super invested in this series. I own a 4680 model Y and I'm learning more about that vehicle everyday!

[@peterpenduko1070]

"almost impossible to misalign it". - enough said. im sold!

[@BexieBoy]

Awesome content, please do not change the simple and honest approach you guys use in your videos. I like how you let different engineers at Munro speak and express different opinions.

[@Deez-Master]

Very nice video I am glad you are taking your time and doing everything deliberately and carefully. Can’t wait to see the rest of the tear down too!

[@streetmoney21]

Big thank you to Munro and the team. You really are one of the most important channels on KZbin. You all are doing an incredible job educating us as we transition to the world of EV’s and your channel is providing the information I need to have confidence in why I spend and invest my 💰 👍🏾

[@GarretL757]

Amazing stuff, the structural nature of this pack is incredible. I would love to see an FEA of this chassis vs. the previous generation.

[@arto1313]

Interesting to see teardowns of constructions/engineering different manufacturers building ways, so one can also ponder which is the most sensible way to make it.

[@TamagoHead]

Great Camera work again! Awesome closeups too!

[@MunroLive]

Thanks John

[@TamagoHead]

@@MunroLive Welcome! 👍 Moving between the two presenters and choosing to switch to showing the details was great. The close ups were surprisingly good since I assumed it was only 1 camera, and the lighting was great even though it seems like the camera people just used shop lighting.

[@ericplatzke]

That intro is 🔥🔥🔥

[@MunroLive]

Thanks Eric

[@amigang]

That Anker advert was good, I would liked to see a full tear down of that, still great vid.

[@TamagoHead]

👍I know what you mean. I don’t need one but I want one.

[@patmcdaniel2016]

Quite the rabbit hole you have found!

[@erikbarsingerhorn4485]

Did Jim Farley had a peek at the battery pack? Great episode again, thanks for all the hard work.👍👍

[@MunroLive]

If you watch the Farley interview all the way until the end, you will find the answers you seek.

[@wolfgangpreier9160]

Yes, but what does it help Ford? When they start today developing such a pack they need at least 2-3 years until it could go into production. Thats 2-3 years + 5 years for the rest of the car - the first structural battery pack from Ford, VW, GM etc. may come not earlier than 2026-2028. BYD has one, currently no one else. Lets see if those structural packs are the next best thing or are just one other feature of Tesla nobody can duplicate.

[@erikbarsingerhorn4485]

@@MunroLive @48:06 Oops, I skipped that part... I was impressed by how impressed you were with the well deserved compliments. Thanks for answering.

[@mullholand]

@@MunroLive That camera in the truck with them talking to each other was epic! Whoever thought of that needs to get a gold star for the day.

[@kadmow]

@@wolfgangpreier9160 : ha ha ha, the fan is stark here, lol... take care, the roads are dangaroos.

[@Prositon1]

Wow... the production value is just getting insane! What a great Team and how good to see Cory

[@HeyHeyHeyHeyHey]

Awesome intro music! You should leave it on all video and just YELLLL on top of it 🤘🤘 Heavy metal style

[@MunroLive]

Good idea!!

[@jaydeister9305]

Wow! Great review of the 4680 battery pack!

[@MunroLive]

Thanks, Jay!

[@rottweiler9535]

looks like another winner when it comes to recycling. good luck.

[@jamesrose1191]

While you guys are amazing at doing what you do, I amazed that Tesla engineers figured out all the stuff you guys are trying to open. Keep up the good work.

[@budgetaudiophilelife-long5461]

THANK YOU CORY AND ANTONIO …🤗👍😎 we very much appreciate it and look 👀 forward to seeing the progress ( I’m only on UTUBE) and thank ERIC for doing a great job 👏 👏👏😍😍😍

[@MunroLive]

Our pleasure!

[@garyschultz3011]

Love the intro music!!!!

[@MarioDallaRiva]

Anker? I wanna see Dr. Sue approve your product before I make any purchase decision. Thanks to Mr. Munro’s better half, I’m getting the best shaves I’ve ever had! And, my brother is waiting for his 👍🏼 Just sayin - eh

[@BHFJohnny]

Discovered this channel few hours ago and I'm lucky to continue with 4860 series :)

[@MunroLive]

Welcome aboard!

[@zezizarjaars]

4680 * ?

[@oof_Dad]

I'd recommend their Model y teardown. You can see the whole playlist in their channel. That's a good baseline in my opinion as you can see the 2170 battery in that tear down along with a whole bunch of other stuff. You see how they improve the Model y over the model 3 and now you can see the next generation being tore down.

[@BHFJohnny]

@@zezizarjaars yes thank you for the correction. 4680

[@vwasson6725]

Oh yeah!!!! More juicy information.

[@fred993a]

Thank you Cory and Antonio - excellent analysis!

[@MunroLive]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@x_ph1l]

Pink urethane "foam of death" is a great name!

[@cessealbeach]

Very Detail and methodical ! Love the Tear Down and the presentation! Its EV Time Thank You

[@DaBooster]

Great work from the Munro team

[@MunroLive]

Thanks a ton

[@cameronfuture7467]

I am so familiar with the 2170 model 3/Y battery pack, its a lot going on and its going to take me a few views to relate this new 4680 layout and can't wait for much more detail and a dig into the penthouse changes. Love to hear an estimate on cost and time saving on the structual pack and how the thermals and charging curve will compare.

[@dougk5456]

WOW!!! That is a solid structure!! I would love to see the reclaim process for one of these.

[@human_brian]

@Poorold plowboy To add to what you've said, they grind up the entire pack and then float the result in a liquid and separate out the different matierials, plastics and the like float to the top.

[@TheBlackstarrt]

Unfortunately, from a personal consumer perspective, I can't trust you opinion on the Anker, because it is sponsored. But from a KZbin fan perspective, that is such a good sponsorship. And the innards are supper cool.

[@leigh667]

The comeback story of the century... when the D cell battery returns!😜👌😎

[@williampmcd8548]

Thank you for these videos.

[@MunroLive]

Glad you like them!

[@williampmcd8548]

@@MunroLive They're interesting and also they are a public service of sorts. Meaningful content, thanks again.

[@johntyson1958]

Someone is stepping up the videos 🎶🎶👍🏻 great work

[@MunroLive]

Thank you 🙌

[@305dreamhonda]

Bravo! Great stuff here gents and ladies! Keep it up.

[@MunroLive]

Much appreciated!

[@mini2nut67]

The amazing engineering and complex machines used to assemble the battery pack is incredible. I now see why it’s taking some time to ramp up and scale production at Austin.

[@christopherleubner6633]

I have seen that orange pink foam material before. It is a mica filled thermoset silicone resin, not polyurethane. Removal is very tricky but not impossible. I remember taking apart LSI/spectra physics nitrogen laser plasma cartridge modules filled with it for repair and refurbishment.

[@marcschouten3527]

Great video and such smart marketing of the Anker power bank in tearing down and highlighting the quality of how it’s built. So on brand. I just bought an Anker Bluetooth speaker partly because of the brand and because it’s the name of the beer I drink in Indonesia.

[@davefroman4700]

My takeaway? This pack is going to be able to move a lot more power in and out safely because of the robust nature of this architecture. Thanks again for your time and dedication Munro team.

[@EinzigfreierName]

Cooling is much more important for that than robustness.

[@rogerstarkey5390]

@@EinzigfreierName "Not heating" is much more important (and efficient) than cooling. "Tabless" says "hi". Low resistance> more power/ less heat > much less cooling required. Plus, less heat stress on the cell = longer life.

[@EinzigfreierName]

@@rogerstarkey5390 That's true of course. Producing less losses/heat in the first place is an important part. How much the tabless design really contributes to that we'll have to see. Waiting for someone to measure and publish such basic data like internal resistance of a 4680 cell.

[@fmucklo]

Nice job guys. It looks like this might be the million-mile battery Tesla talked about.

[@MrFoxRobert]

Thank you!

[@brianbeasley7270]

Thanks for sharing this tear down with us! Great work. Really looking forward to the specific energy density of each cell. Thanks for validating 828 cells.

[@koeniglicher]

Here are figures for specific energy density: 275 Wh/kg, 733 Wh/liter on the cell level.

[@brianbeasley7270]

@@koeniglicher Is that tested for the Munro cells?

[@koeniglicher]

@@brianbeasley7270 Not exactly. Munro themselves would have to test the cells they got out from their pack by surgery to answer that. It is based on these sources: The limiting factor review (and analysis at a battery lab, but based on estimates and assumptions) and Troy Teslike (based on rumors). On Inside EVs, there is an article "Tesla's 4680-Type Battery Cell Teardown: Specs Revealed". Be aware, that there is not one Tesla 4680 cell variation at the moment, but several seem to have been realeased: prototype cells, production cells by Tesla. And soon: production cells by Panasonic. They may or will all be slightly different.

[@brianbeasley7270]

@@koeniglicher Thanks. I'm specifically also interested in the energy per cell as we now have definitive numbers of 828 cells. So to figure out the pack range, we can simply multiply one cell's capacity by 828 to figure out the pack energy. I would like to know what the Tesla production cells actually net out to.

[@koeniglicher]

@@brianbeasley7270 piece of cake: 828 times 26 Ah times nominal voltage. Choose whatever you think fits best for these NMC-811 cells: 3.65, 3.69, 3.7, 3.73, 3.75V. The result is around 80 kWh gross capacity. Net capacity and range will depend on software configuration by Tesla and the individual driving profile and driving style of the driver.

[@andersbrathen]

Great to see you guys with a more moderate dress-code. 👍🏼

[@kadmow]

- gauntlets, bare minimum.. (hair and jewellery restrained) lol...

[@14energy]

Thank you for sharing!

[@MunroLive]

My pleasure!

[@mustnoor]

Great breakdown of how it all works and showing detailed view. This video made me more confident in my reservation for GM ultium platform.

[@nelsonmacy1010]

Corey is really looking great wrt to his weight. Just a little kudo to him

[@MunroLive]

Thanks Nelson

[@Sylvan_dB]

The pink foam reminds me of the firestop foam used in building construction. Probably urethane foam in proximity to the cells needs to be fire retardant, at least.

[@Aronatzg]

Good work as allways , thanks for the info .

[@WentzCraft]

Oh man please do a capacity test on one of those cells!

[@oof_Dad]

Munro really likes to avoid this question... I assume they are saving that for their reports?

[@cjwilson54]

Maybe The Limiting Factor KZbinr will do that.

[@oof_Dad]

@@cjwilson54 you can support him on Patreon to help fund it 😉

[@WentzCraft]

@@oof_Dad he is the only KZbinr I have ever considered sending money. Jordan is a legend!

[@koeniglicher]

26 Ah for this first generation of 4680

[@johnreese3762]

Super guys, thanks a million!

[@fredbloggs5902]

Every legacy auto company in the world is probably glued to these videos the moment they come out (including Tesla for the constructive feedback).

[@alanmay7929]

Uhm doubtfully wrong!!!!!! They are not interested in making cars like less repairable stfu!! What re you smocking!?

[@fredbloggs5902]

@@alanmay7929 I block clowns

[@alanmay7929]

@@fredbloggs5902 that’s what she said 😂 😂 😆

[@pablopicaro7649]

Oh but GM is world leader and way out ahead of everyone, Mary and Sleepy Joe have told us so

[@Travlinmo]

Pink urethane foam of death! I concur!

[@geoffshelley2427]

It would be fascinating to visit the pack assembly factory and see one built.

[@karmakh]

Thanks once again! You are the diamonds of engineering!

[@MunroLive]

My pleasure!

[@kaleygoode1681]

And the sport of 4680 Mining was born!

[@TheKOSSMANN]

many thanks to the Munro team for the work done, only you do something like this, it would be very interesting to test the capacitance and internal resistance of the 4680 cell, and what maximum currents this cell is capable of deliver

[@michaelplotkin7383]

another great video, thank you.

[@heinrichhein2605]

most of those coils are not for power conversion they are just filters, common mode chokes in the DC lines, nice to see that they try to comply with EMI and EMC

[@brianb-p6586]

🤣That's hilarious.

[@heinrichhein2605]

@@brianb-p6586 why hilarious :)

[@brianb-p6586]

@@heinrichhein2605 they're showing cells and the interconnections between them, not coils. But perhaps I missed some point where they showed coils...

[@heinrichhein2605]

@@brianb-p6586 yes ge was talking about the Inverter board as well if you have watched the video

[@brianb-p6586]

@@heinrichhein2605 I did watch the video, although at double speed to make it tolerable. Since the video is about the battery, specifically the current collectors, I skipped the advertisement for the device that the sponsor is having them flog, from 5:37 to 7:08... which indeed has coils, presumably as filter elements. Sorry for the confusion.

[@Mike_Costello]

Awesome! Can you if you haven't already discuss the thermal runaway mitigation on this design as you see it?

[@generalvoltage1821]

Thanks Guys. Very cool to see how they have put this together. Is the thermal runaway mitigation better on this design as you see it and how so.

[@dangr3957]

Another great video about the 4680! The ‘death of pink’ is actually stops any condemnation issues which are common in extreme weather conditions like Norway where many Model S battery dies because of condensation water appears in the assembly of the modules.

[@aurelio-reymilaorcabal9669]

Another great episode, push them out sooner !

[@MrAdopado]

Please don't! Just spend the time necessary to do it right.

[@alexfodor8066]

That opening image, with all the snow shovels and stuff in the background looks like Cory took the pack home to his garage.

[@Big.Ron1]

Very cool. Thank you.

[@w0nd3rlu573r]

This is brilliant! And I am loosing sleep till the next episode.., again :D

[@MemphisMG86]

that intro :O POGGERS

[@EdKaine]

Nice job folks.

[@fcbrants]

Imagine how much fun the Tesla engineers are having, watching you guys try to tear this pack down...

[@simoc24]

They are watching 👍

[@Barskor1]

Like parents at Christmas watching the unwrapping.

[@alanmay7929]

Lol……

[@alanmay7929]

@@Barskor1 definitely not!

[@Barskor1]

@@alanmay7929 Why not? This is a way they can show off their work to the world and have it appreciated by those doing the teardown.

[@technologyandsociety21C]

Never change the intro music!

[@sryev9410]

Work is coming on well guys! Incredible work

[@AaronVanNoy]

Amazing video as always!

[@MunroLive]

Thanks again!

[@SmartMart1658]

Great work guys.

[@MunroLive]

Thank you, Martin!

[@aeggersd1]

Can't wait to see the cooling

[@TheAdventureAuto]

I love the 4680's! Can't wait for all the info to come out.

[@Cloxxki]

I loved the IDEA of them. So far, I;m not sure ANY of its promises are delivered on, except perhaps cost for Tesla. Less range, barely lighter, not cell to chassis.

[@HydrogenFuelTechnologies]

I'll save you the time, 4680 cell is equivalent to a Duracell D Cell battery, nuff said...Tesla would be better off filling the 4680 cannisters with lithium6 Hydride and using them as low pressure hydrogen tanks, his dumb rc cars would have 1000s of miles of range then.

[@brianbeasley7270]

@@HydrogenFuelTechnologies "his dumb rc cars would have 1000s of miles of range then." Then would need several thousand miles range since there are only a few H2 stations in the US. At the price of hydrogen, you can keep it for your collection.

[@4literv6]

@@Cloxxki this pack with the seats, carpeting center console and mounting brackets is several hundred pounds lighter than just the pack alone from the Munroe 2020 model y teardown. Cory said that in the very first video as he was surprised by the weight savings. 🤔 This is also absolutely a cell to pack and cell to chassis stressed member format pack. Nobody else has anything like this right now either. 👍🏻

[@HydrogenFuelTechnologies]

@@brianbeasley7270 I've built 5kw hydrogen electrolyzers with parts from lowes and metal plates from online vendors that would produce several kg of hydrogen a day. I dunno why tf people think you need a centralized hydrogen fuel refinery infrastructure when you can produce the gas at home or on site almost anywhere on earth. It's easy af to make hydrogen problem is the scum bag elite and military refuse to allow low pressure hydride tank technology to make it to market eliminating the need for high pressure storage. Your boy elons 4680 Batts got nothing on the density of the same size cell turned into a lithium6 hydrogen Hydride cannister.

[@aurelio-reymilaorcabal9669]

Munro Live team has to get a hold of a BYD with the Blade battery and do a comparison with the 4680 battery pack and systems , both i believe are cutting edge ,the 4680 might have an edge w/ density .

[@4literv6]

Or the new catl quilin cell to pack, cell to chassis lfpm format batteries. Supposedly those are more energy dense than even the 4680s by about 13% per catl claims anyway. The new lotus eletre is gonna feature that pack later this year.

[@turkhi]

That's impressive 😯