All 8 Biogeographical Realms (Animals/Geography)

The distribution of the world’s fauna can be broken down into 8 areas known as Biogeographical Realms. Each of these realms is separated for various reasons and contains unique wildlife that has been evolving separately for millions of years. In this video, we’ll delve into each realm and explore the geographical features and biodiversity found therein.
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00:57 Antarctic Realm
03:06 Nearctic Realm
06:17 Neotropical Realm
09:21 Afrotropical Realm
12:16 Palearctic Realm
15:14 Indomalayan Realm
18:22 Australasian Realm
21:29 Oceania Realm
Media & Attribution
Unless stated above, all still images are used under license from Shutterstock.com. Thank you to everyone who makes their work available for use. Covering all of the wonderful species in these videos would not be possible without your incredible work.
Music
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tbtrvl.com/epidemicsound
Sources & Further Reading
Listed below are the sources used to create the video.
An Update of Wallace’s Zoogeographic Regions of the World
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s...
news.mongabay.com/2013/01/sci...
Biome Maps traced from NASA
earthobservatory.nasa.gov/biome/
Biogeography Definition
www.merriam-webster.com/dicti...
Info on Individual Species
animaldiversity.org/
Overview of Realms
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeog...
Most biodiverse countries
www.iberdrola.com/sustainabil...
Antarctica Topography
lynceans.org/tag/british-anta...
Antarctica Temperature
public.wmo.int/en/media/press...
Orca diet
www.antarctica.gov.au/about-a...
Moose Diet
www.nwf.org/Educational-Resou...
Freshwater Fish of America
​​www.fws.gov/fisheries/freshwa...
Greater prairie chicken
cranetrust.org/who-we-are/wha...
Great Basin Reptiles
www.nps.gov/grba/learn/nature...
The hottest place on earth
earthobservatory.nasa.gov/fea...
Mississippi River Fish
fishingbooker.com/blog/ultima...
Insects of the prairie
wp.stolaf.edu/naturallands/pr...
Fish of the Amazon
www.rainforestcruises.com/gui...
Bull Sharks in the Amazon
www.nationalgeographic.com/an...
The Pantanal
www.nature.org/en-us/get-invo...
Heaviest snake in the world
​​www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/what-i...
The Atacama
www.livescience.com/64752-ata...
The Great American Biotic Interchange
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
www.si.edu/newsdesk/releases/...
Largest African Elephant
animals.sandiegozoo.org/anima...
Elephant evolution
theconversation.com/how-did-e...
Congo fish
www.practicalfishkeeping.co.u...
Bird of paradise flower
www.nationalgeographic.com/an...
Animals of the Kalahari
www.worldatlas.com/articles/a...
Animals of the Taiga
sciencing.com/herbivores-taig...
Gobi Desert
www.youngpioneertours.com/gob...
Full Source List (there were too many for the character limit so I've included a link to a Google Doc with the full source list for this video)
docs.google.com/document/d/1F...
About Textbook Travel:
Videos Exploring The Animal Kingdom & The Natural World
Educational content about the most fascinating elements of our planet and the study surrounding them. Current content includes:
Relatives | A series exploring the most fascinating families in the animal kingdom
How Animals Work | A series exploring animal behaviour, ecology, biology and more
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#textbooktravel #animals #biodiversity

[@Textbooktravel]

Hi everyone! Just a quick note to say that this video is based on the zoogeographical regions mapped by Alfred Russel Wallace in 1876. I realised halfway through creating this that there was a 2013 study by Holt et al. which identified a further 3 realms. I've posted the link to this study in the sources section of the description along with an article I found where you can see a map of the new realms. Thanks for watching! Uploads will be more regular from now on, aiming for every 2 weeks. Next up... Marsupials!

[@theculturedjinni]

Awesome video, I might be from the humanities but I still enjoy good content regarding the natural sciences!

[@lmzaadi]

Thanks so much for educating me and showing me the beautiful footage.

[@vernonfridy8416]

Most still use this classification of biogeographic realms, so this video should be good enough.

[@antrikshgupta7683]

I'm very excited

[@DaniMartVtbr]

Can you do an "Introduced Species" video?

[@DevynPlaysGames]

"where it preys upon mice-like rodents, such as mice" such a funny line

[@SadaEKE]

- Mice like rodents like mice. That is one hell of a writing. :D

[@Textbooktravel]

Haha! I couldn't help myself!

[@sampagano205]

One big error I noticed, the steppe eagle would definitely not have fed on guinea pigs, since caviaformes are all south American. The wild species domestic guinea pigs are descended from are also still extant.

[@ryukovascaina972]

Oh, just saw we basically commented the same mistake.

[@Textbooktravel]

Thank you, Sam! I'm trying to improve my research process with each video and really appreciate the feedback when I make a mistake

[@DaniMartVtbr]

@@Textbooktravel yeah, I kind of laughed really hard on that one. It's almost as bad as suggesting Capybara were once native to Komodo Island....

[@kristianhubatka856]

Oh yeah, And nicobar pigeons arent native to oceania, they live in Mauricius which Is in the Indian Ocean

[@polytrashed]

@@Textbooktravel I’m sure you meant gerbil there… the facts pretty much line up.

[@sampagano205]

I like that caiman have both one of the largest reptiles on earth, but also Cuvier's dwarf caiman, the absolute smallest crocodilian.

[@Textbooktravel]

Very cool! I hadn't heard of this species before, I have added this to my spreadsheet! Thank you

[@sampagano205]

@@Textbooktravel they are in my opinion absolutely adorable. They think they're so scary, but they're only a little bit more dangerous than a large mean dog.

[@martinphilip8998]

My dad brought a caiman home from a trip when I was ten. We named him Fingers.

[@Bazibishop]

@@martinphilip8998 why

[@martinphilip8998]

@@Bazibishop This was 50 years ago. People bought pets that are now considered endangered. My mother loved that animal to death. She thinks it died because she handled it too much. Fingers was a cautionary name. I remember when we laughed from the safe staircase as it chased my baby sister who was still crawling.

[@carlacristinadas.almeida3395]

Loved learning about the Wallace line! Fascinating how it impacted evolution on both sides!

[@rhettC5]

This is literally the perfect channel for me, geography and biology combined is just amazing.

[@whatabouttheearth]

Biogeography is pretty cool. Ecology, geology, evolutionary biology, biology, it's all fascinating to me, so much diverse life and beautiful places.

[@omnibussy]

you consistently have the most wholesome, entertaining taste in stock images and video of the animals ❤️

[@Textbooktravel]

Thank you!! Finding the photos/videos is my favourite part of the whole process!

[@cheyennepepper301]

“That preys on mice-like rodents. Such as mice” you are so underrated I swear 😂😂😭

[@CNCiscool]

I’m still confused about the different crocodilians. Having recently discovered gharials at the zoo, my understanding has shattered. Maybe you could make a video about them!

[@Textbooktravel]

Definitely! I will move it up the list! Thanks for commenting

[@sampagano205]

Disappointed you didn't bring up my absolute favorite Australasian and Oceanian species, the emerald tree skink, which is one of the most widespread and beautiful lizards in the region. But it is a big subject. Hopefully you do a video on skinks in the future since all skinks are delightful.

[@jyiiehoobaclayon2646]

0:58 Antarctica 3:08 Neartic 6:18 Neotropical 9:22 Afrotropical 12:18 Palearctic 15:15 Indo-Malayan 18:23 Australasian 21:30 Oceanian

[@mrguy452]

Thank you for including both measuring systems for the temperatures and distances!

[@ryukovascaina972]

This is a very good video, but... at 14:47 it's said that the steppe eagle (most likely) used to hunt guinea pigs. This is very confusing, since guinea pigs: 1- are (and were always) an entirely domesticated species and 2- originally came from the montane guinea pig (Cavia tschudii) from the Andes mountain range, in South America. They couldn't be the main source of food for Aquila nipalensis, who are instead opportunistic pretadors, only specializing in ground squirrels during breeding.

[@Textbooktravel]

Thank you, Ryuko I really appreciate the feedback and the extra information

[@chez1241]

"The world's smallest carnivore, the east weasel, feeds on mouse- like fauna, such as mice" idk why but that cracked me up

[@k_dubs5222]

Honestly one for the most entertaining channels I've come across on KZbin. And with the amount of different topics about nature you'll never run out of content keep it up.

[@acutefailure1]

"Micelike rodents, such as mice" is my favorite line in anything.

[@christopherstefanatos7197]

I hope you do a botanical analysis of the biogeographical realms like you did here for animals.

[@gb8894]

Incredible video! Just one thing, there are a few marsupials outside of the Wallace line, but not in the eastern hemisphere, we have marsupials in the americas, namely opossums.

[@indyreno2933]

The Indomalayan realm is also called the Indotropical realm, collectively, the Indotropical and Afrotropical realms are collectively known as the Paleotropical realm, also Australasian and Oceanian realms are actually the same thing, therefore there's actually seven realms.

[@MRptwrench]

I was hoping to see the Gaur, or Indian Bison, the largest species among the wild cattle and Bovidae. I feel it may be the most interesting bovine. While it is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, perhaps the more recognition this massive beast receives the better it's chances of staying extant on this Earth!

[@pij0n]

Yes, I really needed this today! Biogographical realms are a pretty fascinating topic to cover, so Im glad you did!

[@russianhomecat3313]

This channel is underestimated! One of the best wild life content on KZbin! 😻😽👏

[@Zappygunshot]

Don't underestimate the Least Weasel. They'll just as likely go after an adult rabbit many times their own size, latching on to the back of their necks and using their incredibly strong jaws to *bite through the skull* to kill it. They're the smallest of the mustelidae, which is honestly a testament to how little the mustelidae mess around.

[@highlanderro]

haha, I can even express how much I love your videos!! Your voice is so pleasant to listen to and the editing makes the whole experience even better!! Loved the music you choose on australasian plane:D Also I'm so grateful you didn't include any species of butterfly in this video! I know it's pretty specific but as a person who suffers from lepidopterophobia it's sometimes pretty challenging to watch videos discussing fauna, especially that of tropical region. I was so ready to skip some parts but I apparently didn't need to! That made the whole experience even better. Keep up the great job, I can't wait for another video from you.:D

[@Jess-I-Guess]

These are such enjoyable and relaxing videos to watch, I'm always excited to see a new upload! Plus, seeing you respond to people commenting on little mistakes in a positive way is refreshing! There's so much uncertainty on these topics and little facts found in some places may be claimed as false in others, so it's great to see your dedication to trying to provide the most accurate information you can. But I'll enjoy watching it either way!

[@MaxMustermann-rh2uq]

really entertaining and informative at high production value, i especially like the editing of the maps. keep up the great work and greetings from germany

[@CWeetus]

Dude this channel is amazing👍👍 really a nice change of pace compared to other channels

[@bloxburgsisters3172]

Informative videos, I have learned so much from this channel. Keep up the great work!

[@jdgayer2160]

i love your video as always :) watching your videos always brightens my day!

[@Accentor100]

Another great video! I see someone else mentioned the Guinea Pig thing but you are really doing great with these.

[@nabeelahmed2413]

22:17 The Nicobar pigeon is a bird found only on small islands and in coastal regions from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India not in Pacific

[@Textbooktravel]

Thank you for the feedback Nabeel, I'm pretty sure about this one, though; Bird Life International and WWF has their range extending as far as New Guinea and Palau

[@chingizzhylkybayev8575]

Should have made a mention of Xenarthrans, the only mammal order endemic to the Neotrpopics and pretty defining of its fauna as well.

[@ryukovascaina972]

Really liked knowing about the spiny turtle and the rhinoceros hornbill, such nice looking guys.

[@sopadepiedra7466]

ABSOLUTELY AMAZING CHANNEL YOU GOT HERE

[@zalex2357]

So cool! Just woke up and saw this recommended 😊

[@mrguy452]

Amazing channel and I am happy to be here before the inevitable 1 million milestone, keep up the great work!

[@randomkinkajou5747]

I was here when he had 3000 subs which was about 3 months ago, how about you?

[@TheDeadmanTT]

10/10 You once again found the most silliest pictures!

[@tearsofjoy5416]

This is the perfect KZbin channel, thank you 🖤

[@joec.5898]

Absolutely love this chanel

[@alejandromontalvo4922]

Nice video! May I ask you where did you get the physical maps from?

[@joec.5898]

What worries me is that all an alien would have to do is watch the videos on this channel and they would know all they need to take over, props.

[@omnibussy]

that's true of the entire internet...

[@Textbooktravel]

This made me laugh out loud!!

[@nilanjanachatterjee9023]

Excellent video 😊

[@toyamorrison3775]

“It preys upon mice-like rodents like mice” that statement cracked me up 😂

[@Accountnolongerexists]

"Where it preys upon mice-like rodents, such as mice." Favourite line ever, lol

[@dinomation]

I knew about how biodiverse certain areas were but it's interesting to learn about these areas!

[@timefororbit]

Great as always

[@GeoZoo-official.]

This is phenomenal! Simply amazing! Also, video idea… Do one about cetaceans.

[@Textbooktravel]

Thank you! Yes, cetaceans is on the list for sure! So many families to do!!

[@fahoodie1852]

Shame that the entire Arabian region in both the Afro tropical and palaearctic were completely overlooked. We certainly do have interesting wildlife in our deserts

[@micaelaramallo4308]

It's a terrible video altogether. Everything was badly covered. If he intended to make a 24 video of all biorealms he could have used that time wisely and actually explain the biorealms, instead of picking a couple places and animals from each one and name them on their own without really giving any solid or complete information.

[@muhammadeisa1459]

@@micaelaramallo4308 it's a general overview, not a detailed thesis.

[@rizkyadiyanto7922]

@@muhammadeisa1459 indeed its a big topic. shouldve divide it to many videos.

[@rickwrites2612]

​@@rizkyadiyanto7922maybe he didn't want to make 24 vids. A survey is still better than nothing.

[@aguy64]

Are you gonna make videos on plants as well?

[@Textbooktravel]

I would like to eventually, yes! But I still have a list of about 40 animal videos to make! Perhaps I can do some smaller biome-style videos or at least try to mention plant life a little more. Thank you for the suggestion!

[@isaakring2573]

thanks for the upload

[@Textbooktravel]

Thanks for the comment!

[@dopamine3255]

Very nice!👍👍👍

[@adrianrutterford762]

Excellent News!! A new video.

[@shellexpedition2013]

This channel is gonna become huge

[@Textbooktravel]

Thank you!

[@claudifero17]

Haces muy buenos videos 😄

[@MRptwrench]

Some of those large predators would have definitely made a meal of me. Unfortunately (or fortunately) I am extinct in the wild, but I thrive while being domesticated. Guinea pig, you are my spirit animal.

[@paruhkicauchannel]

very beautiful..thank you for sharing..🇮🇩🇮🇩🇮🇩🙏🙏❤️❤️

[@Starwars6012]

I love your vids

[@shawnohagan5503]

Great video

[@chingizzhylkybayev8575]

In general, Nearctic is just a slight variation of the Palearctic. You should have covered Palearctic first, and then pointed out which animals are unique to the Nearctic, such as possums, skunks, racoons, cougars and so on. Some of the animals you brought up instead are not that characteristic of the Nearctic, because Palearctic is rich with bears and moose and weasels as well.

[@slyder35]

Great channel bud

[@Textbooktravel]

Thank you!

[@curiousgiraffe9172]

i LOVE THIS CHANNEL

[@whatabouttheearth]

'Everyone's hiding from murderous Orcas' As happy jangly acoustic guitar plays in the background 😂

[@ourclimateindia6442]

I m from india. And I loves your content with your knowledge . Thank you so much.

[@loadeddiaper4216]

You’re a legend

[@jamesmeppler6375]

I'm gonna start asking all my British friends to say leopard for me. Thanks for such a great video. Those paddlefish look like spoonbill

[@zoology6572]

i know that you covered this on your ungulate video, but can you please do seperate video on the familes of bovidae or cervidae?

[@rubysmyth3571]

could you please put in some sort of warning for arachnaphobia, i only had a few seconds reaction time between you saying 'spider' and showing one and i felt extremely nervous and close to tears for half an hour afterwards bc i didnt have time to look away

[@stevenhall8964]

Coyotes were never called Prarie Wolves, Prarie Wolves were a sub-species of the Grey Wolf and were also called Buffalo Wolves. They were one of the largest Wolf species that went extinct before anyone even realized they were a separate subspecies. The American Bison was it's main prey species, and they were killed by the Indigenous American tribes for fur and since they really were not all that numerous to begin with they were pretty much wiped out by the end of the 1800,s with the westward expansion of the United States and they were gone at the same time the Indigenous tribes lost their freedom to live in the ways of their ancestors. The Coyote was the little Wolf, and despite 3 centuries of persecution have expanded their range. Once found only west of the Mississippi River and south of the great lakes their range on the Great Plains going a little farther into Canada . Now they are found coast to coast and in the east they interbred with the remnants of the eastern Timber or Grey Wolf and are now the largest Coyotes on the continent.

[@ryebread1610]

“The weasel preys on mice like rodents..like mice”

[@mellon4251]

"Mice-like rodents such as mice" big brain time there😄

[@kevindevlieger300]

Amazing informative content. And I apparently have another pronunciation of Asiatic.

[@helmet2611]

In Norway coyotes are still refered as prairie wolves

[@jonathanthomas8736]

There are a few marsupials in the Neotropical and one in the neoarctic realm.

[@jacobrobinson7177]

At 5:15, coyotes were referred to as ‘prairie wolves’ and I just wanted to say there actually was a subspecies of wolf called the prairie wolf that was hunted to extinction in the 1870s.

[@blueheart2227]

omg we missed you

[@Textbooktravel]

Thank you! Sorry for the delay, uploads will be more regular now :)

[@chingizzhylkybayev8575]

There are so many other endemics of Madagascar you didn't mention.

[@kaiezesi6630]

Can you do a video about all Rodentia species?? Pleasseeeee

[@joshbarlow9480]

I find it interesting how few iconic species live in the Palearctic zone. I wonder if this is because they all went extinct? From hunting or otherwise like the mammoth?

[@lonekid9286]

Please, can you make you make a video exploring species of ours parrots and macaws?

[@mytube12]

Aren't there more tigers in indomalaya than paleartic?

[@Em4gdn1m]

Good video. But I can't help to notice the lack of use of words such as: "build", "player-base", "server", and "faction"

[@ryanbrooks5692]

I noticed that you said that that ferret thingy was the smallest carnivore, I don’t really know the size of said ferret but I have aquarium fish that love live shrimp and they’re 1 inch long. So maybe you meant the smallest mammal carnivore?

[@matthewmann8969]

Realms, pockets, pouches, buttons, zippers, and dimensions

[@florinadrian5174]

23:25 The sea mounts stretch from Hawaii all the way to Siberia, 6000+kms, dude. Look them up on google maps.

[@proboscismonkey7340]

“mice like rodents, like mice” lol

[@john5778]

we also have our own endemic animals in the Philippines such as in our island the panay deer, some scientists says we have extinct animals like the rhino, elephants. Just sharing no hate

[@IamAlexander07]

Yes,there were rhinos,elephants and even giant tortoises in the Philippines in the past Sadly,they went extinct

[@issievdhorst]

LOVELY

[@Coelacanth_yes]

Did you seriously make Florida apart of the Neotropical realm it's basically a part of the Nearctic realm that goes into the tropics making it so unique flora and fauna can evolve like the gopher tortoise

[@gnofriends5678]

"It feeds on mice-like rodents, such as mice."

[@Coelacanth_yes]

Most islands and archipelago s have there own realms

[@TheJohn132132]

21:20 those are bearded dragons. Not tuatara

[@kidindacardboardmask]

4:18 “…it preys upon mice-like rodents, such as mice.” Me: ……I mean….yeah I guess 🤷‍♂️

[@199NickYT]

"mice-like rodents...such as mice" lol

[@vermelhojabuticaba]

8:10 i actually took a while to spot it

[@Enderpig124]

4:18 good to know mice are mice-like.

[@jesselakey6139]

"Migration impossible for terrestrial mammals" *Proceeds to show the most boyant form of terrestrial mammal, the elusive Vested Weenie.*

[@noahwillers9423]

“Preys on mice-like rodents, such as mice”

[@willherondale6367]

Amazing video, but I'm gonna pick up on your pronunciation... it should be Pal-Ee-Arctic, not, PALE-arctic.

[@scojo6377]

It eats mice-like animals such as mice. That one got me.