Hey Coop I followed your recommendations when building my home gym 2 years ago. Down 80lbs since then, thanks a lot!
@quacksun59592 жыл бұрын
@@StatueofGuyThinkingI am
@Itsmekvn11 ай бұрын
Keep it up
@shanedm339610 ай бұрын
It may seem that Coop doesn’t care, but he might
@TCAPRecipes9 ай бұрын
Big ups!
@rosema79096 ай бұрын
Try doing it for yourself and not to try to brag online
@shaneroberto212 жыл бұрын
As a "baller on a budget" your videos have helped tremendously with making sure I get the best bang for buck on home gym equipment since moving back to the US. Thank you so much.
@drewstein54032 жыл бұрын
I never buy anything for my home gym without consulting GGR. Coop is the utmost authority on home gym equipment and his expertise is unmatched
@drewstein54032 жыл бұрын
Also I have the grind bench as well as the grind squat rack. Both are great budget options and I’d recommend them both
@BasementBrandon2 жыл бұрын
My WS custom bench is hard to beat 😝
@AlphaZero12 жыл бұрын
I just bought an Ironmaster Pro with the pull up bar, decline situp and dip bar attachments and I love it!
@gregprevite85482 жыл бұрын
I got the iron master super bench pro. Best bet for a small gym. Small footprint. Very versatile
@reconstructionwouldhavesav94722 жыл бұрын
It is good for short people below 5'10.
@charlesenaking924811 ай бұрын
Try marcy adjustable weight bench please thanks
@bcarter92522 жыл бұрын
Two years with my REP AB-3000 FID and going strong.
@tomjones82352 жыл бұрын
Same with me. I use the decline feature a lot more than I thought that I would when I bought the bench.
@mightymochi63202 жыл бұрын
I love the grippy texture of the rep benches. Have both the incline and flat bench from them.
@1882dmac2 жыл бұрын
Btw REP is killing it overall. Rogue has increased their prices so much since the pandemic.
@realshaolinprince2 жыл бұрын
Rep needs to get better with inventory control. They show stuff as in-stock but then say the items are pre-ordered. I am waiting on a couple pieces of gear and have been for awhile.
@chaosdisciple30522 жыл бұрын
For sure. Benches are where they shine.
@avinashtyagi22 жыл бұрын
@@chaosdisciple3052 And Power Racks
@plmn932 жыл бұрын
@@avinashtyagi2 I've been browsing their racks for about two years. Not once have all the pieces I want been in stock. Granted I'm not checking everyday, but still...
@bmstylee2 жыл бұрын
Everyone has increased prices a lot. Rogue isn't the only one.
@creepincat73992 жыл бұрын
I got the Titan Single Post Adjustable FID Bench after doing research on different options back in January 2021. It's served me well and is very sturdy. There were some flaws in the manufacturing/ tolerancing that caused some holes to not perfectly align and to have a slight wobble after assembly. The bench is also a bit too long in my opinion, so some overhead stuff is hard to do (5'9'').
@geomantilla Жыл бұрын
Coop it’s amazing seeing your videos from 5 years ago and todays videos. It’s so crazy how much you’ve changed 🤝
@geomantilla Жыл бұрын
An also the channel has changed. So cool man.
@mattmccams2 жыл бұрын
Bought a prime bench simply due to the lack of inventory of other companies during Covid, and I don’t regret it at all. It’s super solid. Bench press, hip thrusts, sit ups, curls it doesn’t move, wiggle, or anything at all.
@GameOver32111 ай бұрын
I have a commercial life fitness adjustable and a hoist decline ab bench. Im hoping this can replace them
@robertduncan62922 жыл бұрын
AsSAMbly Tip on the Ironmaster SB Pro: Move the footplate with the wheels to the other end and you can stand it up vertically for storage. You also get more room for your feet with the narrower footplate at the seat end.
@PK-tp6jo2 жыл бұрын
The Inspire SCS is an amazing versatile bench with Incline, Decline, Wheels, and attachments as extras: Preacher Curl & Leg Extension/Leg Curl.
@babygiantbarbell10142 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the overview guys! Lots of options and something for everyone!
@GoProGF Жыл бұрын
COOP! We need a review of the Bells of Steel Buzz Saw 2.0 with attachments
@Vandelay.Industries2 жыл бұрын
The Force USA MyBench - FID Bench with Arm and Leg Curl Attachments is a great bench. It is adjustable and has attachments for preacher curls, leg extensions and lying leg curls. Very versatile
@brisque312 жыл бұрын
Great assortment of benches, would love to see you review the bells of steel adjustable benches though!
@StarCrusher.2 жыл бұрын
Seems like someone had an extra large cup of coffee before filming lol
@GarageGymReviews2 жыл бұрын
I got a new espresso machine. No lie. - Coop
@StarCrusher.2 жыл бұрын
@@GarageGymReviews It's definitely working for you
@dannylockett94458 ай бұрын
I always watch on 1.5x too
@AwesomeHotSauceandKristosCast2 ай бұрын
Can you rate that Flybird vs the Major Fitness Adjustable bench PLT01? I'll wait, ha ha
@MrPanthers232 жыл бұрын
Man, my zero gap rep bench is awesome. Love the no gap for comfort, it stands up, and I can do decline stuff on it.
@RyanSilva-gg9ve2 жыл бұрын
Just a heads up for anyone that needs to know - Best Buy is selling the Tru Grit flat bench today (8/1) for only $50. Hope y’all are able to grab one!
@befreak72614452 жыл бұрын
I got the REP adjustable bench based on your review. Great bench
@briancary62332 жыл бұрын
Prime adjustable bench is the best bench I have ever owned. Great versatility and light-ish weight for easy maneuverability
@masstwitter47482 жыл бұрын
“Componentry” - Coop’s reviews are so good, he’s expanding the English language now!
@rxonmymind83622 жыл бұрын
I have the older model Ironmaster bench which requires a "step" or plyometeric box at the end for my feet as it's too high. My feet are on it's tippy toes when benching without the box. I'm 5'10" with 30 inseam. The attachments are wobbly and not tight but not a deal breaker.
@1882dmac2 жыл бұрын
I really like this segment. You did a really good job on your recommendations.
@ncerator2 жыл бұрын
great content as always! can you guy edit this to add a woosh noise with all of coop's hand movements? that would be gold. thanks!
@hankyou852 жыл бұрын
Would love to see and hear more about stray dog. Their bench looks great. A little pricey but offers customization options.
@visionzCS2 жыл бұрын
Forceusa mybench! Thinking of buying it as a secondary bench for leg workouts
@HaggardDouglass2 жыл бұрын
Nice review! Would love to see the Torque XFIB mentioned sometime. It's outrageously expensive for a home gym, but it's half the cost of comparable commercial benches from Hammer Strength, Precor, Dynamic, etc.
@jimmiferfreddette8583 Жыл бұрын
I own a tonal. The iron master really solved a lot of problems for me. Thank you for adding this to your list it’s perfect for me.
@runiniscrazy2 жыл бұрын
You miseed the Fitness reality SuperMax adjustable bench. I am 6'2 and my favorite part of this budget bench is the long back pad 33.5". The flybird you show is only 30.1". I can fold min up to 9" deep stored vertically and I actually hang it on the wall on a safety arm hold. Plus the Fitness reality is only $149 and is on sale right now for $119. I mean it's not prefect on fit and finish, the adjustment notch are welded on which i have heard people have issues with and the foot holder is not padded and can be uncomfortable; but I have used it for over 5 years with no issues. It amazes me how many gym equipment youtubers are talking about the fly bird with Fitness reality being out there.
@Gymgineer2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for bringing up his glaring omission.
@runiniscrazy2 жыл бұрын
@@Gymgineer Of course! I guess you guys need to start sending out of bunch of benches (and let's be honest probably some checks) to get mentioned along with flybird by all the fitness equipment you tubers.
@johngoldbeck53462 жыл бұрын
Thanks for validating my action of starting with a fly bird adjustable and upgrading to a REP FB since I mostly use a flat bench
@GarageGymReviews2 жыл бұрын
YUP! I think this isn't talked about enough. Start small, upgrade over time! - Coop
@mplussant2 жыл бұрын
…GREAT, GREAT, GREAT review…well analyzed…well produced…I’m not even in the market and enjoyed/appreciated it…ride on, bro…👍
@mikesbigtank6015 Жыл бұрын
The first bench(crapola) was $200 reg price, so the rep ($209) would still be the better choice for best flat bench over all!!
@whitemakesright2177 Жыл бұрын
Yeah, that recommendation doesn't hold up now that the bench has increased in price. The Grind bench looks like the best budget one at this point, looks to be just as good as the Tru Grit and it's still only $100.
@davidalpers68692 жыл бұрын
i have tru grit flat bench, absolutely love it. looking for adjustable bench now. this vid helped. had titan adjustable v2...hated it, sold it, got true grit,and now here we are
@JJ-to6qu2 жыл бұрын
Starting Strength is waiting for the "wood plank and rusted sheet metal" category
@MiniatureReview2 жыл бұрын
I would like to see some more commercial grade benches thrown in. Example the Life Fitness signature series multi-adjustable bench. It's such a nice bench and a lot of commercial gyms carry it. They also offer a lot of color options for both the pad and frame. Precore's adjustable bench is also really nice. Atlantis Strength Adjustable bench is another one. I know their expensive, but they are really solid and the fact that you can get different color options with the pad and frame does help.
@Mike-tw4iy2 жыл бұрын
I bought the GRIND bench when I started my gym. It's ok for the price. The front foot pad is easily bent and renders the bench very unstable under weight. Thanks to lessons learned from this bench, I now also own an AB 3.0 💪
@lurklingX Жыл бұрын
1:07 1 minute in but i'm appreciating the energy, the jokes, and the bright orange shorts 😁👍 i started with a few pieces of equipment last year and was doing good (simple barbell setup, a bike, dumbells, exercise bands and a pullup bar i never installed.). then fam health issues, then more recently a stupid medication that blew out my progress and set me back 30+. losing my mind on that. anyways, off the med, starting over. got a few more items for garage gym. (climbing rope, olympic rings, and installed pullup bar). figured a bench would be the next best really useful thing. DON'T WANNA GET SOMETHING THAT CAN COLLAPSE. i read some concerning reviews on amazon, about parts failure. don't wanna do *cheap over SAFE* despite good reviews. and amazon's star system and reviews is all fukked to hell anyway. so, i'm glad to see a real review. and i'm having nostalgia because i definitely saw this channel back when i was starting out and the reviews were SO friggin helpful.
@menhajahmed82622 жыл бұрын
Would like a video on column benches vs ladder style benches. Also, I think you missed out on some adjustable benches that have attachments like preacher curls, leg curls, pec flys that ATX benches can do
@tjmoshie2 жыл бұрын
I've had the Inspire SCS adjustable bench for a couple years and it's been great. Has some attachments, good quality, the upholstery is different but I like it.
@pointmass2 жыл бұрын
I have the Prime Fitness Adjustable Bench and can’t say enough about it. LOVE IT!!!!!!!!!!!! Arm curl pads are so genius and work awesome as a foot stop during seated rowing in addition to their intended use. The decline attachment is so valuable to me but its handle, on mine, mounts perpendicular which I love and seems way better. Coop must have an older model??? The entire bench with both the arm curl pads and decline is industrial gym quality with zero doubt. The pad is dense, durable, deceptive and comfortable.
@lunchie_rs_5292 жыл бұрын
How are you using the pads as a foot stop?
@DownWordGames Жыл бұрын
Digging the Kings Kaleidoscope shirt! Not many people I know have heard of them. lol I love em!
@lvl300mrmime2 жыл бұрын
I think I saw it in the pyramid at the beginning but I've really enjoyed my REP Zero Gap adjustable bench.
@GarageGymReviews2 жыл бұрын
Yep, great bench. The AB-4100 is just a better value. Can't go wrong with either though. - Coop
@lvl300mrmime2 жыл бұрын
@@GarageGymReviews Makes sense to me. I was torn between the two when I was trying to buy. Thanks for the videos!
@XsafetypunkX2 ай бұрын
Just googled your bench review vid after the pin on my Flybird adjustable bench broke while I was decline pressing (175lbs so not heavy). Definitely got my $150 out of it over five years but snap downwards with a barbell above scared the F outta me. Appreciate all your vids and advice!
@Blahmanwhysoserious2 жыл бұрын
Im a big fan of my ironmaster bench, i got it back in 2017 for 300 bucks but noticed they cost a bit more now but it was a great value at the time
@jjgonz982 жыл бұрын
Do you think you could do a best all in one bench? For example like a bench that has incline, decline, leg attachments for extensions and leg curls, etc.
@plmn932 жыл бұрын
Really feel an adjustable bench should be the best overall...very few people will be happy for very long with just a flat bench. The AB4100 was a good choice. I was pleasantly surprised to see the Ironmaster in here, it's a very solid do-it-all bench. I really like mine, there's really nothing else out there that can do as much.
@majorgear10212 жыл бұрын
Exactly. No adjust. No buy.
@koningklootzak7788 Жыл бұрын
So true
@GameOver32111 ай бұрын
Surprised Prime wasnt the winner
@Lady_Graham4 ай бұрын
Yeah not having adjustability seems pretty silly. If you’re on a budget though it’s not a bad idea
@suprero90 Жыл бұрын
The tru grit bench is at best buy right now for $60 1:44
@GrinderMagee2 жыл бұрын
Love the REP! Do NOT wait to get a bench for your home gym. Essential.
@JoshuaLTRyan2 жыл бұрын
Love my FB 5000 with wide pad. One of my favorite home gym investments. Adj. the AB 3000 is very solid as well. I might have upgraded that if I were to buy it today, but it was my first bench and honestly I think it's good enough to not bother upgrading.
@goldee2402 жыл бұрын
I love my FB 5000, but hated my AB 3000 i ended up returning it and eating all the fees.
@majorgear10212 жыл бұрын
Would you say the AB-5000 is the best Rep adjustable bench?
@tvoyelitsoglupoye23262 жыл бұрын
I need a portable, preferably foldable squat/bench rack. I'm going to CDL school and afterwards I'm interested in long haul. I think it would be fully awesome to drive big rigs around the country with my dogs and a barbell. Also i have significant nerve damage and have hurt myself badly more than once, weights are critical to me functioning as a human. I have a lousy clean and want/ need to keep back squatting more than i can clean. After 7 years of dedication and fighting serious weakness from an injury my bench is slowly going up but progressively loading push-up might be a better way. I'm not sure that weight vest will keep doing the trick. Any advice is appreciated. Thank you.
@codjunkie1232 жыл бұрын
Where’s the GetRX FIDAB-2? I think it stacks right up there with the top benches and combines full decline with ladder adjustment
@meisdetermined2 жыл бұрын
Agreed
@ninjastrongman282 жыл бұрын
doesn't just line up, its better. less slop/movement in the bench and some cool features
@Thunder0292 жыл бұрын
I have a REP fb-4000 and an incline bench by hoist that has an attachment for plate loaded leg extension/leg curls. I love the hoist bench and use it all the time for legs and incline exercises. The only complaint I have about it is that I'm 5'7" and as a flat bench it is higher than regulation for bench press which makes it a bit too high for me to comfortably use for that exercise. It has a preacher curl attachment too, which I have but I never use it. Would love to get your thoughts on the hoist bench with the attachments.
@ninjastrongman282 жыл бұрын
Getrx FIDAB-2 is similar to the REP5200 but with some additional perks and tighter side to side movement
@davidekman52452 жыл бұрын
Coop I think you need to do a video om what equipment to take with you if you go on vacation with car and you take your training seriously. Like wich squat stand cand you take with you, and barbell maybe like the mobile bar, dumbell and so on.....
@victorw24742 жыл бұрын
I thought about using the Titan independent squat stands but they are very heavy. I went with the cheap Amazon squat stands that are adjustable in height.
@pinstrypes2 жыл бұрын
The Abmat pylo box in the background, again! I’m a big fan of my Vulcan soft cube pylo box.
@AdrianLima-o2i9 ай бұрын
Great review, I appreciate the range of products as well!
@ayebee47032 жыл бұрын
Fitness Reality Super Max XL is the best budget adjustable bench IMO! $200 850lb capacity folds to stand up and has leg holsters for decline and sit-ups. Excellent bench!!!
@shawndeignan42202 жыл бұрын
Can you please do a review of neck machine rack attachments? Like titan vs sorinex vs stray dog?
@TheCarterHomeGym2 жыл бұрын
REP is killing it 🔥🔥🔥
@orionpee Жыл бұрын
What about the Hoist Fitness adjustable bench? I love mine! Nice finish. Wheels. Interchangeable attachments for foot rest/leg extensions and leg curls, super high weight capacity, really stable, beautiful leather and soft comfortable padding…I LOVE mine. Would love to know how you think it stacks up against the competition. Thanks Coop & GGR!
@JohnSmith-jg4rq2 жыл бұрын
Why haven't you included the PowerTec FID Bench? I have the Ironmaster, but had I known about the PowerTec FID bench when I was purchasing I would have probably went that direction instead due to the attachments it has versus the Ironmaster.
@joshuamartin50952 жыл бұрын
I have the rep fb4000 and it’s plenty of bench for a home gym. I’ll be getting the ab4100 from Santa this year
@TheCarterHomeGym2 жыл бұрын
Love my REP FB5000 with the fat pad. I don't foresee ever needing another flat bench.
@bmstylee2 жыл бұрын
It's hard to beat that. I bought it on 2019 and it looks just as good as when I bought it. I considered the ab5000 but it was never in stock. No regrets with it.
@TheCarterHomeGym2 жыл бұрын
@@bmstylee Same here. Looks brand new still.
@bmstylee2 жыл бұрын
@@TheCarterHomeGym actually strike that. My pad has a spot on the head where my bald head lays. Other than that it's good to go.
@dylantodd9574 Жыл бұрын
I could not stop watching this. I love Rep Fitness but never considered their benches before. I’m actually going to replace my Fringesport flat bench for the Rep. And I wasn’t even looking for a flat bench….
@richt59862 жыл бұрын
I have the ethos multi bench and the bells of steel comp bench. Happy with both. Love the videos coop. Keep them coming
@derekdunbar99682 жыл бұрын
I have the Rogan 3.0 and really enjoy it. I like that it's heavy. I'm thinking about getting a Titan hefty pad flat bench. I've worked out with one and really enjoyed it too.
@betitanfit2 жыл бұрын
This is a great idea.
@gmoney34892 жыл бұрын
I have the rep fitness AB 3100 and i truley love it.. i was able to get it about $199 brand new about 7 months ago and for the price its the best i have ever tried
@gumbygreeneye36552 жыл бұрын
Great review. Please do the review of the Force USA G20.
@grantcurrey63482 жыл бұрын
I have the Titan single post competition flat bench. Titan has so many sales that anyone should be able to get it for about $140 if they are patient. It’s a tripod design, has a handle, and stands up.
@CraigularjJoeWoodworks Жыл бұрын
I have a bells of steel hero bench, so-so overall. Love the stability, needs a tweak to the foam on the top surface for a bit more “out of the box” use. Even a few millimeters of compression would be preferred in my opinion. Overall 85%
@KyleHamilton79 Жыл бұрын
I use the Yukon adjustable. It works for me and wasn’t super expensive 5 years ago when I got it. I can do heavy dumbbells and it holds up. The adjustments sometimes don’t move too freely but I think I paid around $200 back then.
@makobobinzers Жыл бұрын
Man Coop is such an entertaining fella
@DampRaccoon2 жыл бұрын
Happy to see Prime mentioned again
@GarageGymReviews2 жыл бұрын
It's my personal go-to. Even got a 3D printed leg so it can stand up (and then my kid hit it with a hockey stick and broke it...) - Coop
@DampRaccoon2 жыл бұрын
@@GarageGymReviews I use a grey "adjustable bed frame support leg" from Amazon that matches the bench finish very well, and is the perfect height. Very secure - highly recommend, if looking for something less breakable. (this trick can work on most benches with a rear post)
@jaredmartin9022 жыл бұрын
@@DampRaccoon Could you share a link to the adjustable support leg? I might be interested in that.
@golfstud882 жыл бұрын
Would love a comparison of the PRx Profile Flat Folding Bench and the Rogue Fold Up Utility Bench. I don’t bench very often so my standard Rogue Flat bench takes up more space than it’s worth at times. Would like to know how the fold up benches compare. Thanks for all the great videos.
@ericjc172 жыл бұрын
You mention REP benches a lot, but I don’t think I’ve ever seen you review the REP AB-3000.
@99lrodgers2 жыл бұрын
please review the GETrxd adjustable bench please
@samcee18282 жыл бұрын
Can you review the force usa FID Bench which comes with Prone Leg Curl attachment, Front leg extension attachment and Preacher Bench attachment? Thx
@TommyBlazer6 ай бұрын
I’ve had my rep ab4100 for about a year and I don’t regret it at all
@Mr-mopar2 жыл бұрын
I have bought the wide rep branch and the rep 3000 adjustable…love all my rep gear..top notch and decent prices.
@gregpeterburs415510 ай бұрын
I have a Hoist Fitness 5165 FID 7 position bench which I was able to use powertec accessory’s on and the couple of accessory’s hoist has , love the bench 🤙
@meisdetermined2 жыл бұрын
Rep AB 4100 in clear grind would be dope. Would buy one if offered.
@GarageGymReviews2 жыл бұрын
Oooh, I could see that being popular!
@MeinhardSRohr2 жыл бұрын
Best reviews over years out there. WIth growing professionalism and reach, it would be great if you could also make a special with a far look over the big lake. Not all your recommendations are available in Europe which is often disappointing. Maybe you habe means to check out what’s hot and what’s not in Europe
@hitleractually81802 жыл бұрын
He doesn't live in Europe and doesn't cater to the European market. So shut up and go do what all your unelected bureaucrats in the EU tell you to do.
@MeinhardSRohr2 жыл бұрын
@@hitleractually8180 wow that escalated quickly 🤡. Haha what a joker. Dein Profilname ist auch ein Witz du beschissener Nazi.
@tomabbott76202 жыл бұрын
Coop, nice review, obviously, benches are a very popular and personal topic. After spending a lot of money on Amazon and getting rid of the equipment, I am now brand loyal to Rogue with the exception of the bench, a Hoist HF-5165 F.I.D., $550, with the preacher curl attachment, another $160, both were a significant upgrade from what I had. Have you ever reviewed or looked at Hoist HF-5165 7 position bench?
@somguyhere11 ай бұрын
I have been to dozens of ppl's home gyms and I have only seen only three type. Those that just built a home gym normally have one that came from a set such as a Weider Legacy Adjustable Bench. Those that upgraded and gets something like a flybird. Then those that want something heavier move to a Keppi 1200LB. I have both the keppi and the Rep AB-3000 2.0 and I used these interchangeably. When I built my second gym I just went a Keppi 1200.
@gad3iii5322 жыл бұрын
Why no benches with leg extension and preacher curl features?
@lochi45752 жыл бұрын
i would love to see something about the best dumbells adjustables, fixed and all the other stuff also love the content
@DigiDriftZone2 жыл бұрын
What about the ForceUSA benches? - I have one of those and it has leg extension, leg curl, decline and preacher as provided attachments, it's not perfect but it's very beefy and seems unparalleled in terms of functionality.
@johnwesley29432 жыл бұрын
I bought an adjustable bench from a company in the UK called Mirafit. For the price, it's incredible. Does exactly what it says on the tin!
@timaugustyn90942 жыл бұрын
Rep ab3000 FID. optional Fat Pad. Versatile!!
@RayMAKES2 жыл бұрын
I bought the trugrit flat bench 2 weeks ago and it is Great! No regrets, highly recommend
@efrain3332 жыл бұрын
Please review this one HOIST CF-3165 SUPER FLAT/INCLINE/DECLINE BENCH Thank you 🏋🏾♂️🎶☘️🙏🏼❤️🥳
@MarkPMaguire2 жыл бұрын
I went with Rep AB 3100 after seeing a lot of positive reviews on KZbin. I love the grippy pad and esthetic of the bench. But you definitely feel how light weight it is, and just doesn’t seem that high quality. Should’ve went 4100..
@psykalag2 жыл бұрын
Yeah the thing that kills me is the little rubber things that just fall off. All. The. Time.
@theshortswordman20682 жыл бұрын
What about the AB-5100?
@stevenorkus65712 жыл бұрын
For my garage gym, my approx 10 year old adjustable bench(Weider) has roller pads for leg extension and leg curls, with a preacher curl feature that I insert. Any manufacturers make something similar? I like to have those options. I don't do a lot of leg extensions because of my 62 year old knees, I do them occasionally, like 1-2 times a month. Leg/hamstring curl option is used once a week.
@steeziewonder697 ай бұрын
PRx Fully Adjustable Bench, great price so an incline, flat and decline adjustments (decline up to 20 degrees), with foot folds and made in America for $400 (although we know you hate their shipping, still this is the deal)