The Battle of Mohi, 1241 | Kingdom of Hungary vs. The Mongol Empire

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FIRST MONGOL INVASION OF HUNGARY - In 1241, Hungary, led by King Bela IV, faced one of the most devastating attacks of the medieval era. The attack was orchestrated by the Mongol military genius Subotai, as well as Batu, grandson of Genghis Khan and one-day founder of the Golden Horde. By now the Mongols were considered virtually unstoppable conquerors, sweeping aside armies from east to west. On the battlefield of Mohi, King Bela would be joined by a few staunch allies - the Croatians under Duke Koloman, and a band of Templar Knights led by Master Rembald de Voczon, as well as the warrior Archbishop Ugrin Csák. Subotai’s plan of attack was brilliant, and King Bela seemed to fall right into it. But would the Mongols truly emerge victorious? Indeed, what were the real results of the Battle of Mohi?
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Written, edited and narrated by J Stephen Roberts
Animations by Denys Rodionov
Game footage: Medieval Kingdoms Total War 1212 for Attila
Sources:
-Chambers, James - The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe, (Castle Books, 2003)
-Engel, Pál; Tamás Pálosfalvi, Andrew Ayton: The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526, (I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd, 2001)
-Jackson, Peter - The Mongols and the West: 1221-1410, (Routledge, 2005)
-Kosztolnyik, Z.J. - Hungary in the 13th Century, (East European Monographs, 1996)
-Salagean, Tudor - Transylvania in the Second Half of the Thirteenth Century: The Rise of the Congregation System, (Brill, 2016)
-Sugar, Peter F. - A History of Hungary, (Indiana University, 1990)
#Mongols #Hungary #MedievalHistory

[@RealCrusadesHistory]

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[@gilgameschvonuruk4982]

The battle of Legnica was fought by Silesians, not Moravians.

[@RealCrusadesHistory]

@@gilgameschvonuruk4982 Silesians and Moravians were present.

[@ramsaysnow9196]

There is actualy a legend of a battle on the croatian coast who vas alegedly won by croats alone or with the help of the hungaryans im not sure :) After that the mongols left.

[@risingwindspress]

I’m glad you mentioned Subutai. Perhaps conquered more territory than any other conqueror in history.

[@PoetofHateSpeech]

Not really, they could defeat armies when they outnumbered their enemies

[@tha1ne]

@@PoetofHateSpeech mongols were actually often outnumbered and STILL won lol

[@PoetofHateSpeech]

@@tha1ne lol not during their attempted invasions of Europe

[@tha1ne]

@@PoetofHateSpeech def during then lmao

[@PoetofHateSpeech]

@@tha1ne lol def not

[@johnnyb7628]

Why isn't there a TV series about this conflict? I would binge watch the hell out of that show.

[@ramsaysnow9196]

you anglosaxons only make tv shows of robin hood LOL!! there is many more materials and even better ones in hungaro croatian history!

[@markomajstorovic6043]

I am croat, never knew that templars fought side by side with croats, very proud.

[@rpavangchhia8953]

I like how Batu was wavering but subutai pressed on, it shows how skilled of a general he was. I think Batu, Jebe and the whole mongol empire in general would only conquer half the territories they did without this guy.

[@victoriaamat5368]

Great exposition of the battle. So many questions surrounding those events, a lot of speculation for historians (and maybe even literature), though it might not have been as consequential as other battles it certainly deserves more attention. Must have been one of last great battles of the Templars, mustn't it?

[@ZenexTheZealous]

Would be really cool to get a video on the 1st Mongol invasion of Hungary and Croatia post-Mohi as a sort of sequel to this! 👀 Great video as always!

[@fartz3808]

Your video editing has really improved with the years

[@James-sn5mg]

The Mongols actually suffered more damages and beatings trying to conquer China.

[@NSS7779]

How do you edit? What do you use

[@-RONNIE]

This is why I always watch your videos because I like learning new things

[@StoicHistorian]

What an interesting clash of cultures

[@spartan6992]

I have always thought they ended the campaign because of the death of Ogadai. Now I have to re-evaluate what happened after your information. Another great upload. Absolutely love the channel! 👍😁🇦🇺

[@aburoach9268]

they more likely did end it because of Ogodei's death, Because whatever hardships & casualties they encountered in Europe were a joke Compared to the difficulties and losses they faced during their conquest of China or Kwarezm and they did not give up there so suggesting that Batu gave up due to casualties does not add up, Perhaps he wanted to call for reinforcements or Secure Logistics to replenish arrow supplies or whatever and only then learned of Ogodei's death

[@NubiansNapata]

@@aburoach9268 There is probably more than one reason why the mongols left.. remember Batu never returned to Mongolia.. according to Rashid Al din mongols left to deal with the cuman rebellion

[@aburoach9268]

@@NubiansNapata Batu never returned to Mongolia because his rival Guyuk had become Great khan and Batu refused to acknowledge him as such and the Empire remained on the brink of civil war / This is also a good reason why Batu never invaded Europe again, Because of the Threat that Guyuk posed towards his Golden horde, this Means that if Guyuk were to attack, that he could call upon all Mongols forces of his and the Remaining khatanes, While Batu would only have his Golden horde and a few auxiliaries, So he could not afford an Invasion of Europe with such a threat at his back / Besides he could use support from the rest of the Empire for his Invasion of Europe and Guyuk most certainly would not help with that

[@denysrodionov5151]

The video is really very nice and exciting. Thank you so much)

[@mohammedsaysrashid3587]

excellent introducing ...allot thanks for Sharing

[@user-ji8zr2fv4t]

Can you do the full version of both Poland and Hungary ?

[@marccan3267]

Great video, however Coloman's troops and Templars surprised and destroyed the Mongol vanguard at the bridge. Especially large losses were caused by crossbowmen, such units existed in Dalmatian cities modeled on Italian communes. The events are described in detail in the work "Historia Salonitana".

[@Kevin-qt4vy]

Whats shocking is that the mongols were outnumbered and still managed to win with a raiding party.

[@DaFroBroforeal]

Great video. It is nice to see how you consider several factors as to why the Mongols retreated. Most history videos that I have seen only talk about the death of the great khan.

[@attilaistenostora]

my question is why is nobody make video about Siege of Vienna (1485)

[@paronzoda]

Great video!

[@paronzoda]

WAGON FORT YES

[@migelangeldejesusquinterog4584]

Excelent edited work. However you didn't mention the siege of esztergom, the batu's Failure to subjagate the Castle, even when he destroyed the whole city.

[@quocpham8591]

Agree, the Mongol failed to take Esztergom and suffer heavy casualties too.

[@aburoach9268]

he made a mistake in this video about the Mongol siege equipment at Mohi, They didn't use heavy Trebuchets but instead light Rope pulled Perrier mangonels which are light, easy to make and transport and thus great as field artillery But not powerfull enough to destroy solid Stone fortresses and the Reason for that is Because almost all the Heavy Siege equipment of the Mongols during that time was deployed to the Chinese front where it was most needed

[@thecrusaderhistorian9820]

Wonderful video! Really enjoyed it. In my opinion, Christiandom owes a debt to Eastern Christiandom. They held off the Ottomans and held off the Mongols as well. Wow!

[@Dadecorban]

It wasn’t done for the west, they were defending their countries. No debt exists

[@thecrusaderhistorian9820]

@@Dadecorban Their actions saved western europe. So yes, the debt exists

[@Dadecorban]

​@@thecrusaderhistorian9820 The Hungarians and Poles were fighting for their own independence, their nobility, noble familial connections, and because they had to. It's fortunate that the Hungarians and Poles put up a good fight, but they did not stop the Mongols, and they didn't try to for the French, English and Germans. Mongol alcoholism saved western Europe. Yes, metaphorically you might say they "saved Europe" and it would be correct enough but there was no "debt" incurred. That's not the way that works.

[@thecrusaderhistorian9820]

@@Dadecorban To me it does. And that is all that matters

[@dr.willow2403]

What do you consider under Eastern Christiandom? Because, Poland, Hungary and Croatia don't belong to EC.

[@thenyfbgiants7]

🔥

[@cetus4449]

Perhaps, thanks to such materials, it will be understood why in Hungary and Poland there was an ethos and the legend of being the bulwark of Western Civilization araised during hundreds of years of struggle and battles fought against the Mongols, Turks and Muscovites/Russians/Soviets.

[@AverageRenaissance1234]

Especially with Prussia and Austria due to the 3 partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth

[@AverageRenaissance1234]

Polish go hard - eastern European women are fine too. Although I likely have Mongol blood. Ghengis khan was pretty much my great great grandfather

[@nonye0]

The man behind the two greatest generals mankind has seen? The chief strategist of Genghis and Ogedei? The man who perfected deep warfare, mobile warfare, psychological warfare and even biological warfare in the middle of the middle ages? The man who remained undefeated after 65 battles, 32 nations from the Yellow Sea to the Black Sea, and 73 years of age? Europe was really lucky Subutai didn't pay them a visit.

[@jarogniewtheconqueror2804]

He was defeated though. Two examples I saw from Kings and Generals is one were he was drawn into a feigned retreat (ironic) by the Volga Bulghars and defeated. Also defeated by Jin general which nearly made Ogedei sack him due to the heavy losses. It shows that at least some of his enemies were very skilled as its not easy to defeat this guy

[@nonye0]

@@jarogniewtheconqueror2804 WELLLL true :P

[@RealCrusadesHistory]

I suspect that if Subotai had driven deep into Latin Christendom, such a campaign would've roused a major coalition crusader army into being. Louis IX of France and Fernando III of Castile would've likely combined forces to lead this crusade. As a result, Subotai has all his problems in Hungary and Poland multiplied, but he's now facing a large coalition crusader army led by two of the most powerful rulers in the West. At this point, if he isn't able to effect a retreat, he suffers a decisive defeat.

[@nonye0]

@@RealCrusadesHistory i dunno about that but from what i read no medieval army could have stop their advance if they set theirs eyes on especially subutai era. that was the first invasion and then he went back due to some electing a leader thing. that was also when the poles started to mass an army to stop any mongols invasion which they succeeded. but the first invasion was just near impossible. but im not a total historian guy so i maybe off in alot of facts.

[@RealCrusadesHistory]

@@nonye0 Well no army is invincible. The Mongols were impressive, but even during their first invasions of Poland and Hungary they ran into major problems and suffered serious casualties. This was under Subotai. You have to consider extending their distance from their home front even farther, and compounding the problems they dealt with in Hungary and Poland. Plus, the Latin Christians would've had the home advantage. Had the Mongols advanced into the Holy Roman Empire or even France, this likely would've prompted a major reaction. I think we would've seen the biggest crusader army of the era. I think Subotai loses in France against Louis IX and Fernando III.

[@RexAndAllen]

I was working on a project if Batu and Subutai invaded the Holy Roman Empire in 1242 facing Frederick II. I concluded that Bavaria and Swabia had more stone fortifications and Frederick II was a veteran against Saracens and Italian city states hence would easily hold vice King Béla.

[@seniornmaestro6662]

It would hold bela? But how is that important if an invasion of the HRE would've been successful or not?

[@RexAndAllen]

@Senior NMaestro that is a good question. When I was a teenager who had a military encyclopedia the biggest top 10 "what if" is that if Odegei did not die that the Mongols would have conquered Western Europe.

[@migelangeldejesusquinterog4584]

The best ideal world for the mongols is probably "if mongke Khan didn't die early, after 10 years later". The geography of the world would be change with a massive impact. And Batu and subetei never fought againts the holy Roman german empire, they were exhausted for the cuman's diaspora in the volga bulgaria, kievan rus, kipchack khanate and hungary and poland, just some raids of kadai of moravia and bohemia fortifications.

[@gilgameschvonuruk4982]

Subutai was an expert on Sieges, and the Mongols were able to defeat Chinese Fortresses. On the other hand accesing Bavaria and Swabia would require crossing the alps or Bohemia. This would be a logistic nightmare for the Mongols.

[@cetus4449]

Pure fantasy. In fact, Frederic II would probably establish diplomatic relations with Mongols and make the appropriate treaties with them for his own purposes - knowing the biography and character of this twisted emperor-heretic.

[@starfox300]

The Mongols were obviously shook by the brutal knight attacks, I highly doubt they would have ever conquered Europe