The First (Staggering) Siege of Vienna 1529

Get an exclusive NordPass deal plus 1 additional month for FREE here: nordpass.com/sandrhoman or use code sandrhoman at the checkout!
On September 25, 1529, for the first time, an Ottoman army arrived at the Austrian capital of Vienna. Their arrival marked the beginning of a siege characterized by subterranean warfare, nasty weather, and serious supply problems. The siege of Vienna was rather short, but it was without doubt an event of pan-European importance. It ended the perceived invincibility that had surrounded the Ottoman army just when it had come closer to central Europe than ever before. For centuries this event had extraordinary symbolic power, but it is now overshadowed by the second Ottoman siege in 1683. In this video we present the story of the first Ottoman siege of Vienna which was no less staggering than the second one.
Patreon (thank you): / sandrhomanhistory
Paypal (thank you): www.paypal.com/paypalme/SandR...
Twitter: / sandrhoman
Bibliography:
Bremm K.-J., Die Türken vor Wien. Zwei Weltmächte im Ringen um Europa, Darmstadt 2021.
Düriegl, G., Wien 1529. Die erste Türkenbelagerung. Textband der 62. Sonderausstellung des
Historischen Museums der Stadt Wien, Wien/Köln/Graz 1979.
Duffy, C., The Fortress in the Early Modern World 1494-1660, London 1979.
Hummelberger, W., Peball, K., Die Befestigungen Wiens, Wien/Hamburg 1974.
Matschke, K.-P., Das Kreuz und der Halbmond. Die Geschichte der Türkenkriege, Düsseldorf/Zürich
2004.
Wheatcroft, Andrew, The Enemy at the Gate. Habsburgs, Ottomans, and the Battle for Europe, London 2009.

[@SandRhomanHistory]

Get an exclusive NordPass deal plus 1 additional month for FREE here: nordpass.com/sandrhoman or use code sandrhoman at the checkout!

[@AK-dw8jo]

Still best channel of its kind. Thanks m8

[@AK-dw8jo]

@N Fels what church might that be kind sir so that my Nigerian princes may join you on your quest for justice

[@MegaDuckmonster]

@@vardekpetrovic9716 *we* the people, will always remember, even if it's just a few of us..

[@yakupdemir5016]

The friend who made this video drew a picture of Sultan Suleiman by looking at his own ass. bro, do it like a man, have respect for your job, take some care. let's say well done

[@mariushunger8755]

@@MegaDuckmonster the turks were there twice. They say it in the intro

[@Raptor747]

It's crazy to think that the second siege of Vienna occurred something like 150 years after the first, and yet they involved the exact same belligerents.

[@SeverusFelix]

They must have been really old by then.

[@AdamNoizer]

The second also included a large coalition relief force composed of the HRE states and the Commonwealth. Whereas the first one was mainly just the Habsburgs and the Ottomans.

[@Almirante1741]

No, in this one there were Spanish troops involved as well

[@Nogoodideaforname]

@@Almirante1741 sent from Habsburg-controlled Spain ;)

[@nairda55555]

@@SeverusFelix hahaha, good one

[@samwill7259]

Two empires that battled to the death again and again. In the end they'd die together.

[@seanpoore2428]

Extra historyyyyyyy 🤘

[@pingusingame]

Damn that's poetic

[@samwill7259]

@@pingusingame I am certainly not the first one to point the irony of it out. The historical note was made by men much wiser than I.

[@morriganmhor5078]

A better way how to say it is, that muslims, in this case, the Ottomans, attacked anybody on sight, if the enemy was not too strong. In that case, they paid for peace just as the Byzantines before them.

[@GarkKahn]

I'm sure neither thought they would die fighting side by side with the other centuries later

[@imanrahimi1739]

Sulayman famously said “after 14 days of siege I will have my breakfast in the Cathedral”. About midday of the mentioned day he received a message “your breakfast is getting cold.” 😂😂😂😂

[@kma3647]

This is a critically underrated channel. The art is excellent. The research is top notch and cited when appropriate. And the history is told in an engaging and interesting way. The amount of work that must go into producing one of these videos has got to be enormous.

[@radred609]

There are a couple of this style of history focussed chanells in KZbin. Invicta is Great, Kings and Generals is good too, but SandRhoman will always be my favourite. SandRhoman's balance of history, storytelling, and analysis is damn near perfect!

[@kevinmurphy65]

Absolutely spot on.

[@Codemned]

"OIDA".....as somebody from Vienna I loved this little part, to those who don't know it means sth like "dude wtf".

[@richardsanchez9190]

I was wondering if that meant something.

[@ronhuppert2410]

Is it something like “old man! “ Vienna slang of alte mann?

[@DerOrk]

@@ronhuppert2410 Yes. Alter / old one, verbatim. Often used as a cry of anger or astonishment.

[@OliverdeClisson]

fresse cringer spast

[@deteon1418]

This is a very interesting siege, and not one covered too often. I suggest doing a video on the *Siege of Stockholm* (1521-1523), as it has several interesting factors and shows how sieges could be conducted in that time of a coastal city.

[@mariushunger8755]

Never known stockholm was under siege. Video about it would be great! Until then: any more info about it?

[@deteon1418]

@@mariushunger8755 Well, at that time Stockholm was mostly located on one island, so it was hard to cut it off for the peasant army, and mercenaries and ships were also very expensive. Hardship after hardship basically. The year prior, Stockholm had been blockaded and taken by the Danish, who controlled Sweden at the time.

[@mariushunger8755]

@@deteon1418 interesting! Hope he covers it one day

[@Enkabard]

i want one too: Siege of Brno (1645): Swedish Army of 28 000 men against 500 soldiers and 1000 peasants, Moravians(Czechs) lost 250 men and Swedes lost 8000, ending in victory for small garrison

[@rick7424]

Sulleiman: You can't defeat me! Austrian defenders: "I know but he can." *Incoming winter and existing supply issues*

[@patriciusvunkempen102]

WINTER IS COMING

[@fernandotrevinocastro1018]

ahhh! the ultimate adversary: logistics.

[@abdelidrissi7241]

it has more to do with the lack of heavy canons.Without them there was no way to damage the fortification. they instead had to relly on minesr to breach the wall which is deplorable to say the least

[@Brahmdagh]

@@abdelidrissi7241 And those big cannons couldn't be transported all the way to Austria, because of the hilly, muddy Balkans.

[@baoxidiaoyu]

​@@BrahmdaghRome would have built rock roads and wooden causeways

[@historicalfootnotes]

AYO! The "Staggering" is back!!!

[@eeyfeel]

Minor (common) mistakes: Pest and Buda are on the opposite sides of the Danube than it is shown on your map. Also, the name Bratislava didn't exist back then. In Hungarian, the city was called Pozsony, in German, Pressburg, and in Slovak, Prešporok. Bratislava was coined in the 19th century and only became the official name of the city in 1919/1920.

[@urosmarjanovic663]

What does Bratislava means in slavic?

[@eeyfeel]

@@urosmarjanovic663 The city's modern name is credited to Pavol Jozef Šafárik's misinterpretation of Braslav as Bratislav in his analysis of medieval sources, which led him to invent the term Břetislaw, which later became Bratislav.

[@Maus_Indahaus]

@@urosmarjanovic663 Brat in some, if not all, Slavic languages means brother, and the ending - slav is often used in many names, like Branislav, Radoslav, Miroslav (braniti- to defend; rad - labor, work; mir - peace). The word Slava could mean glory or celebration

[@DMurphyApple]

Sandrhoman gets peerreviewed in the comments, thats how high quality they are

[@seranymouse6176]

I would not disagree with anything mentioned here, however there is a certain value in using modern names when referring to towns and cities as well as geographical features since they can serve as reference points for people who aren't familiar with the older names. It's a matter of which best serves the educational purposes of the material.

[@aaroneberle2488]

As someone who was born and raised in Vienna, I can only marvel at the accuracy and details of your map! All the villages around vienna, which you can see in close ups, are now districts, as the city grew. And yes, these districts still have the same names as the villages from 500 years ago, accuratly named in the video. The issue with "Bratislava" has been discussed in other comments, but still, unbelievable for a youtube video!

[@SandRhomanHistory]

thanks, and yeah that was a stupid mistake :/ actually one that we have made before I guess. But while reviewing and revising these videos our focus is usually on other things (positions of cities / rivers for maps and error / layers for artwork). These is a lot that needs looking at, so sometimes we just forget to look for the simple errors.

[@user-jv3mm6vt6e]

@@SandRhomanHistory the map was phenomenal. Big time cheers! Happy to see independent creators close in on stumbling pc beasts like Kings and Generals. You are criminally undersubscribed! And just got yourself a new subscriber.)

[@AbdarazakAbass-pq4bq]

@@SandRhomanHistory more fq,in

[@christianweibrecht6555]

Would be interesting to learn how cities rebuilt after seiges Like what was done with all the tunnels that were dug underneath

[@jaronzennaiter]

I was just thinking that. Must have been a nightmare clean up job.

[@twosheds7105]

Free wine cellars!

[@richardbradley2335]

Just filled in probs....would be easier to do at the time than turning it into anything else. Also somewhere to put the bodies !. Good question though.

[@johnhenry4844]

Probably just collapsed, seems easier than refilling them

[@AntipaladinPedigri]

The Maltese filled them with huge rocks to seal off the mine sites of the Ottomans. It was right before one of the Vienna sieges.

[@lerneanlion]

I have to admit. That's a nice face-saving move on Sultan Suleiman's front. If he cannot actually secure a victory, then make his citizens believed that he did achieve a victory.

[@Brslld]

Yes. Unironically, only great leaders can make quality copium.

[@Marth667]

Coming to you again when russia loses in Ukraine and Putin says the exact same shit on live TV. We won! Trust me, don't ask questions or you'll be executed.

[@discipleofdagon8195]

@@Brslld True, no one can think you're a bad leader if all the ones who do are in prison.

[@karlscher5170]

typical musIim move

[@WhatIsYourCard]

I’m starting to worry that SandRhoman has some sort of balance issue with all of this “Staggering” of his

[@sushidope1701]

Truly staggering

[@Tommykey07]

"Your breakfast is cold."

[@LPSD4829]

Hold your horses, the Winged Hussars have not yet arrived

[@patriciusvunkempen102]

bc non needed

[@raijuko]

Became a sub last night, I must say I have never been able to picture old warfare so clearly, until finding your channel. You make AMAZING content, thank you for educating us!

[@drazenbicanic3590]

Really quality works. It should be noted that there were 4 expeditions to Vienna. Two ended with the sieges of Vienna, but two ended with the sieges of Kiseg (Guns) and Siget. Little attention has been paid to these campaigns in history and they are just as important as the sieges of Vienna.

[@grzegorzfilipiuk1770]

Man you really don't need to flex on other youtubers. We know you're top quality.

[@Catonius]

Was just thinking of this earlier today. Wonderful!

[@jaythompson5102]

This really made my weekend guys. I love these seige series you are doing. How about the seige of cueta next?

[@Aioradeleo27]

Why don't you mention the role of Charles V and the Spanish Empire in this campaign? If I am not mistaken, a large part of the funds to defend Vienna came from the American riches of the Spanish empire. Ferdinand did not act on his own, he received the support of his brother Emperor Charles

[@TheLocalLt]

Yeah Ferdinand was only made Archduke of Austria on behalf of Charles in his position as German-Roman Emperor, he was only made King of Hungary on behalf of Charles in his position as head of the Habsburg family, and his forces were only funded on behalf of Charles in his position as King of Spain and its European and overseas possessions

[@Aioradeleo27]

@@TheLocalLt yeah exactly, Charles even was the senior archiduke of Austria, not Ferdinand, because as you say Charles was the head of the house of Habsburg

[@albertogarciaprieto4637]

Im starting to realice why most of the world dont take us in consideration when it comes to history, besides "killing a lot of natives"

[@smacksmack5976]

That’s very true

[@Lacteagalaxia]

It usually happens that in many foreign videos specially in english there underestimated or ignored very important historical facts that they would have to know;so they become simple e inexactly videos to satisfy a certain type of public that does not like the very important history of spain due to ancestral stereotipes and rivaltries or people ;who do not care for what is safe and the videos that suit them exaggerate them have it very verified and the videos that suit them exagerated them i have seen many videos of these and most do.

[@mariozimmerl9755]

It is so amazing to see the villages around vienna on the map. Now they are districts and obviously part of it. Really dig your videos. :)

[@SarudeDanstorm]

Love the shade at Kings and Generals lol. I seriously question their sources considering their bold statements followed by a lack of citation.

[@michaelnagler9691]

its pretty nice seeing this channel getting better and better

[@12rednas]

The research you guys are doing for each vid is overwhelming :D keep up the good job ^^

[@j.w.9669]

The original vs the more known sequel :D Great video

[@CDSAfghan]

You're killing it man, keep up the great work!

[@HandleMyBallsYouTube]

FINALLY! I've been waiting for this video ever since the video about the second siege, many people who are aware of that event don't even know there was an earlier siege.

[@mariushunger8755]

Very true

[@kleddit6400]

Animations are getting better and better with each vid, and history remains as great as ever ! 😃

[@90secondsofaviation86]

Love it when you make a vid of a siege or battle, thanks!

[@WissHH-]

You are by far my fav history channel out there, as a history student this is inspirational, keep the good job! The artwork amazing as always! Also the animated animals... nice touch

[@SandRhomanHistory]

hey thanks so much for the nice comment!

[@tuh774]

This was very informative. Great video.

[@matthewbryson6423]

Im been hooked on all these lately! Really fun stuff and very informative.

[@brianknezevich9894]

I have been enjoying watching the quality of artwork and animation improve. I'm not sure how long I've been subscribed, but it's only been getting better. Most of this is nothing I have any background in, except in a vague sense of the politics of the time.

[@wastedangelematis]

Great channel, great content

[@Tophawtdog4411]

I'm not normally into historical warfare videos, but this was a really nice one.

[@Justin5s]

Your videos are excellent thank you this is such a cool topic

[@blacksheepdog6969]

Great content! Would love to see more videos about Ottoman battles/units!

[@maasbekooy901]

Such an amazing story with truly an unpredictable ending. Sometimes it is just forgotten that war is fought by individuals who have all their own lives and wills

[@Cheesarion]

The Animals! I really appreciate the effort you seem to make. They stick out a little bit from the usual style, but i love the detail ^-^

[@hetzijzo5601]

Thank you for these videos

[@IMACTED]

Historically Bratislava was still called “ Pozsony” at the time, where they crowned Kings.

[@zetectic7968]

Another very good, interesting and detailed video. Thanks

[@mancroft]

Excellent as usual. Thank you.

[@shadowwarriorshockwave3281]

Another day another amazing video on one of the sieges of the early 1500s

[@killer9kid]

Another great video! Please keep it up.

[@jeremycdurant]

Thanks, I listen to these while on a walk.

[@hochmeistergrenzer]

Great content as usual! It would be interesting to see a video about Ottoman field battle tactics, particularly the "tabur cengi" wagon-fort tactic. We see a lot of them in sieges but it'd be cool to get some insight as to why they tended to be the ones doing the besieging.

[@mihailtodorov892]

Great Video! As a huge fan of history and your channel l would like to congratulate you for the work and effort that went into making this academic mastepiece. l appreciate the suttle datails, such as sources, historians and others. l would only suggest you present the numerical data visually as well. That would make it that much more relatable and cohesive. Best of luck

[@LarpFan17]

Oh great a New Video from you 🥳🥳

[@edwardsallow3940]

I love you, you are one of my favourite intellectual content creators.

[@arasheslamkhah969]

a long awaited video

[@nirfz]

Oida, super Video! Also, great work with the map! It's always a reminder to me how small vienna was back then. (knowing all the outside villages visible on the map as districts of todays vienna.) I find it always amazing what they achieved while being so outnumbered. And as the jannissaries are usually portrait as among the best fighters of the time, it is even more impressive that whoever they could master to throw against those ottoman attacks managed to stand their ground!

[@quebec8557]

A good day when he uploads.

[@ronik24]

Excellent content! 🙂 One more little correction: it is "Kärntnergate", from the Austrian state of "Kärnten" = "Carinthia". The gate is gone nowadays, but its street "Kärntnerstraße" still is the most opulent shopping street in the city center.

[@theblancmange1265]

I thought you'd cover Mathias Corvinus' siege after the last video.

[@garbancitolentejas486]

Great video. Congratulations

[@konst80hum]

I love the little animations like the pig and the rat! Good job!

[@ThursonJames]

Sick ad transition, bro!

[@LamiNalchor]

This is more than common knowledge that at that time there had not been any bastions yet, but that they had all been built after the first siege.

[@Contractor48]

I am curious that if the Ottomans had won, could they have had hold Vienna through out the winter? Surely Holy Roman Empire would have counterattacked.

[@hawk-eye654]

they would have raised the city to the ground and then leave. that was the actual goal. Vienna is too far away from the border. they could not hold that city.

[@Contractor48]

@@hawk-eye654 think about throwing so much of your men and materials just to raze a city. Surely the small wars in the Balkans were a better template to follow. Maybe the sultan got some good hashish in the earlier winter and smoked with the entire court.

[@hawk-eye654]

@@Contractor48 okay my english is not perfect but let me explain. War is about economy and politics. When you destroy a city especially a f...ing capital. you severy damage your enemy's reputation and economy. People start doubting your ability to rule them and give them safety. Ferdinand was trying to show Hungarian nobles he is the legitimate king and he has the power to force it and the Ottomans could do nothing about it. so the Ottomans could not just sit and wait. they had to show force. they had to punish Ferdinand. How do you do that? Ferdinand is not stupid he is not gonna engage the Ottoman army. so Ottoman had to damage his reputation and economy. They had to show everyone (enemy and friends) that they are not to be fuck with. you can accomplish both of them by invading your enemy's land burning their city to ground (which means their economy ,security and their image) killing their farmers and taking their people as slaves to try to force your enemy into open battle. and if not people will see their king is not gonna protect them. Hungarian noble could see this and side with the stronger side which is the ottoman Also, the sultan had spies everywhere. He and his council probably the knew horrible condition of the city defenses . They also knew division inside the HRE. They probably had thought it would be easy. And it should have been easy to take that city. Just imagine the impact of destroying the capital city of Habsburg.

[@slinger7529]

Who knows. Maybe they would've eventually taken all over Europe. Maybe they would've been crushed somehow in 50 years all to way to Syria. We will never know.

[@enonh82]

Ahhh videos like these is why I love this channel. My only qualm is that Suleiman did not look like that at all. That’s almost Jaffar from Aladdin. LOL

[@SandRhomanHistory]

that's just the stock artwork we have access to. there's pretty much only one artist that we can use for that. Personally, I don't think that they look bad. And in no way shape or form was it intended to look worse than any of the other characters.

[@hititmanify]

Yoooo i knew i recognize it somehow. Only Abu is missing.

[@Norilius]

Chad Landsknecht vs. Virgin Janissaries

[@vincenzoditommaso9596]

Dissing without dissing. Good job!

[@alinergiz5497]

While the Ottomans were sieging the Vienna, other nations have reached the end of the world by sea. Ottomans have not gained anything between the two sieges. Sad

[@auritrocalebbaroi91]

Not sad for me but nice Love dat

[@hussainashraf5179]

ottomans were dumb to not colonised americas

[@mattstakeontheancients7594]

Really loving these Ottoman era battles and history of the regions especially the battles during Suleiman the Magnificent’s reign. Do you have a video on the siege of Rhodes.

[@peregrinemccauley5010]

Well illustrated and bloody fascinating Military stoush , expertly presented here . Enjoyable viewing to say the least .

[@brokenbridge6316]

Great video

[@jrlonergan6773]

The one from the Drawing of the Dark. What a great book that is

[@verestamas3920]

6:00 In this time period the city name is Presburg or Pozsony. The slovak Bratislava name ceated by P. J. Šafárik in 1837. Before that the slovak name was Prešporok/Prešporek. Slovakia as country exist from 1 January 1993.

[@sarahsidney1988]

Cool video!

[@Jesse_Dawg]

I love this channel

[@JohnSmith-ls3um]

I always bring up this campaign by the Ottomans whenever I hear people talk about the Crusaders’ actions during the Battle of Jerusalem. Not talking “Whataboutism” but merely seeking to relay the horrors of warfare and atrocities are not limited to one time or one culture. Christendom didn’t have a monopoly despite statements to the contrary.

[@genericpersonx333]

Very true. It is an old practice, especially within Europe, to blame state-run Christian institutions for many problems. One corrupt Bishop or one hypocritical king committing sins in the name of God becomes proof that every bishop must have been a crook and every devout monarch a hypocrite. It is just another way for people to feel less guilty.

[@hannibalburgers477]

I always press Sack the City on Med2 so both things are very based to me

[@etuanno]

To be fair, it's quite effective and was crucial to the supply of food at the time.

[@GarkKahn]

Everyone commit war crimes in war (ignoring that war itself is a crime) Only difference being that some are better covering their bad deeds

[@matehavlik4559]

Actually Buda is the western side of Budapest, and Pest is in the east, but sorry about the nitpicking, awesome video, again! 🙂

[@mikek.692]

Excellent work! Your videos should be shown in schools making history interesting and morr easily understandable with the accompaning grafics. As an Austrian the "Oida(!), what's wrong with you? / Where the F have you been?" got me 😂

[@petermustermann8622]

13:10 "Oida" hahaha, you just gotta love SandRhoman 🤣

[@Fowly-Fr]

Wake up babe, new staggering siege

[@1984Phalanx]

Winter was a hero.

[@peterthepeter7523]

Cool cartoon-style animal animation on 6:55.

[@themosticonicscenesinmovie8737]

Great video as always. Will you cover another siege of Vienna (1619) ?

[@casparcoaster1936]

So few history tubers mention contested citations with or without interesting controversial detail.... t(h)anks SandRhoman!!! For makin in real, and protecting ur street cred!!!!!!!!!! That's what makes history fun to fight over!!!

[@vectorstrike]

Battered Bastards! Kudos to the defenders who fought like each battle would be their last. This entire thing reminds me of the Helm's Deep battle from LotR

[@l.a.covers8400]

*AND THE WINGED HUSS-* Oh shit. Wrong timeline.

[@kyleheins]

Nah, just a bit early is all.

[@BabyBoomersDoomer]

Yeah your videos are so cool. Remind me of Rome total war. Plus vintage history channel awesome

[@sale2168]

15:20 It is called Kärntner Gate (Kärntnertor) or translated Gate to Carinthia, video is really nice, good research!

[@cengizsogutlu]

I'm in love of your ottoman series greetings from Turkey sir.

[@troydavis1]

Great stuff, here a small suggestion, when you mention numbers like 12000 infantry and 2600 cavalry, can you please write them on the screen? I had to go back to get the number and few will do that I believe, easy to do and a great help for visualization !

[@alexgowin5585]

It's truly *STAGGERING* how awful people can be. "Listen, I know we didn't actually FIGHT with you guys, but we DID walk all the way here, so, time to pay up." Big yikes.

[@maxs.1880]

Damn. These videos are always entertaining and of superb quality. Awesome job guys (and girls?)!

[@saratmodugu2721]

Jesus man, knights & janissaries fighting in underground tunnels is some assassins creed shit

[@countalma9800]

This is how history ought to be taught. Fantastic.

[@SandRhomanHistory]

thanks man. Happy to entertain!

[@jacktarat]

"Oida, what is wrong with you?" ... so accurate! Love your videos!

[@Etropalker]

13:13 Its missing a "I got captured by the ottomans and all i got was this lousy t-shirt"

[@hititmanify]

Jannisaris with tshirt guns firing onto the walls, a blanket bombard beeing melted in the camp.

[@RemusKingOfRome]

Excellent.

[@BustedPancreas]

Love your content guys - informative and with unique artwork…not sure about the new Disney animals though.

[@FlashPointHx]

One of the great 'What if's' in history - I question what would have happened to the rest of Europe had they won here.

[@ShahjahanMasood]

@N Fels That is a good point. Without the Leadership of the Habsburgs the Catholics would have had a very difficult time in that mess.

[@mikkovaittinen3835]

France would have been stronger, it was ally of Ottomans during this period.

[@hassaanalisiddiqui3827]

Please make a video about it

[@amogus948]

@N Fels -age of explaration already started -I don t see how an Ottoman Vienna or an islamic+protestant Europe would have started a "science era", not like Renaissance and Humanism were already a (catholic) thing and the islamic world was on average not anymore as open minded and opened to science and innovation as in the past while most of the protestant and reformed countries were made of not so rational and innovative zealots

[@amogus948]

@N Fels most of protestants were so opened minded during the XVI-XVII century that they favourite hobby was burning witches and destroying art I didn t say that all protestants and their rulers were ignorants or zealots during that period but turmoil, zealotry and instability are not favourable to science and progress Listing some protestant scientists doesn t mean that more protestant countries would have created a scientist revolution which on the other hand was already happening and the Church and the catholic scientists were also the one contributing to it (e.g. Copernicus was one the fathers of the scientic method) Also the same Church and its orders had always been interested in financing progress and knowledge and this not only saved most of the greek and roman culture and science during the Middle ages but also made it flourish during the following centuries thanks to its well established, centralized and wealthy structure...I could list dozens or hundreds of famous scientists who thanks to the support and education provided by the catholic Church made the nowadays science and world the way it is No Church or a weaker Church would have probably slowed down the progress during the XVI-XVII century P.s. I know someone might reply with "but what about Galileo Galilei?" Well his position was rejected not because "The Bible says so" but because the tools and the scienfic findings of the time couldn t fully support the heliocentrism (something that happened only a century later); at that time Church and science could accept it as an interesting model but not as a fact due to weak evidence

[@conseglierie]

Great Video, very informative and with good sources! One little mistake is at 15:20: it should be Kärntnertor / Kärntner Gate. As in Kärnten (Carinthia).

[@IsaacRaiCastillo]

I was waiting for a long time that you would make a video of this siege, I even thought that you would do it before the second one, but I am glad that you have already uploaded this topic to the channel. On the other hand, I know that it is difficult to deal with the geopolitical maps of the time; but I see a serious error in the maps of the video (2:35), where you show the Hispanic Monarchy, Naples, Austria, the Milanese and the Netherlands as different territories, when by 1525 after the Battle of Pavia, all these territories were indisputably under the reign of Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire and first of Spain. Archduke Ferdinand was regent of the Austrian zone and it was not until the abdication of his brother in 1555 that he would become monarch of the Imperial zone; so it makes no sense either that you make almost no mention of Carlos I, Fernando being subordinate to him (although de facto he was the second who ruled in the conflict zone with the Turks). On the map all the above-mentioned territories should have appeared in light yellow, while Fernando's regency zone was left with the mustard he already has, to show that despite being part of the group, it was controlled by him (not pretty , but this is what Europe looked like in 1529). I don't know what the problem is with showing how surrounded France was in those times, by enemy territories. XD

[@viveleroi4214]

Gracias.