The Chola Empire At Its Peak | The World 1000 Years Ago

The Cholas were one of many Tamil dynasties to rule in Medieval South India. But, in the 1020s, they were without a doubt the masters of the region. With an empire stretching from Sri Lanka up the coast of the Bay of Bengal and west into the Deccan plateau and the Malabar coast, the Chola dynasty had a powerful aura which could be felt far beyond. But how did the empire work? And why did the king, Rajendra Chola, wage so many wars? Well, in this video, we're going to try to answer these questions as we explore the Chola empire 1000 years ago.
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Recommendations for further reading:
--Balambal, V. Studies in Chola History (1998)
--Kulke, Hermann, K. Kesavapany, Vijay Sakhuja, eds. Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the Chola Naval Expeditions to South East Asia (2009)
--Sastri, K.A. Nilakantra. The Cholas (1935) (most of Sastri's ideas have been built upon in the other readings, so I would avoid only reading this one)
--Spencer, George. "The Politics of Plunder: the Cholas in eleventh-century Ceylon," in Journal of Asian Studies 35, no.3 (1976)
--Stein, Burton. Peasant, State, and Society in Medieval South India (1980)
--Subbarayalu, Y. South India Under the Cholas (2012)
--Vasudevan, Geeta. The Royal Temple of Rajaraja: an Instrument of Imperial Cola Power (2003)
All images used in this video are either my own, in the public domain, or under creative commons (whence they shall be credited appropriately)
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Outro music: Laid Back Guitars by Kevin MacLeod, CC BY-SA 4.0
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#history #india #tamilnadu #tamil #educational #southindia #medieval #medievalhistory #chola #indianhistory #southasia #middleages #medievalindia #globalmiddleages #choladynasty #cholaempire #rajendra #hindu #rajarajacholan

[@dnesh3021]

Thanks for this video brother. As a proud Tamil, I'm really grateful Chola empire existed and flourished. Watching from Malaysia.

[@studiumhistoriae]

I'm glad you enjoyed it! It's important to me that people learn about all different cultures and peoples in history, not just the ones they are most familiar with. I hope my pronunciations weren't too bad!

[@manjunathmnm]

​@@studiumhistoriaeVery detailed description.. I wonder from which country you are from as a South Indian..

[@studiumhistoriae]

@@manjunathmnm I myself am from Canada. I don't have any connections to India, just a desire to learn about and share knowledge about the whole world.

[@Eelamtruth]

You need to go learn some grammar and Lankan history. Tamil is a language and that too a Lankan one, NOT a nationality.

[@animesh7296]

it's Chola Kingdom/Empire not civilization.

[@perambu3441]

Rajahnate of Cebu : The Last Chola(Tamil Nadu, India) Chola Expedition Philippines: In the 14th century,Sri Lumay, a descendant of the Tamil king Raja Raja Chola, was sent to Cebu (Philippines) to prepare a base for the expeditionary forces of the Sumatra Cholas (Indonesia), but instead he established the Rajahanate of Cebu on the island. In April 27, 1521 in the "Battle of Mactan" chieftain "Lapu-Lapu(Cilapulapu)" and his warriors defeated Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and delayed the Spanish occupation. The Rajahnate itself folded in 1565 when the last King, Sri Tupas or Felipe Tupas, cousin of Rajah Humabon was defeated by another Spanish navigator, Miguel López de Legazpi’s soldiers in April 27, 1565 and subsequently signed the Treaty of Cebu, heralding the end of the Great Cholas, one of the longest ruling dynasties in the world(200BC - 1565AD).

[@raghuls1515]

👑Cholas in a nutshell during their peak in 11th century... They were the Greatest empire of its time Had the Greatest emperors of its time Posses Largest gdp of its time Had the Most powerful navy of its time Has Greatest architecture of its time. 🌊The kings of indian ocean🌊 Raja raja the great was one of the greatest ruler ever. Rajendra chola the great was one of the greatest commander ever...

[@albertgallanosa8600]

Probably also the Cholas influence on Indonesia , Malaysia and the Philippines were tributary States when the created their Sri-Vijay’s and Madjapahit empire’s , India had more influence on that region back then than China

[@tiadanama4512]

Chola don't attack Srivijaya. Srivijaya attack chola. Here is an excerpt from a letter written by a Song dynasty official to his emperor. "Chola kingdom is subject to Srivijaya. This is why we wrote to its ruler on course paper with an envelope of plain stuff." Source: Song Shi. Page 489

[@raghuls1515]

@@tiadanama4512 😂 to get access to song goods u guys wrote something that never happened & result is srivijaya ended by cholas in 1025 ce..kulothunga chola embassy to china clearly states srivijaya was a vassal of cholas..

[@tiadanama4512]

@@raghuls1515 Nope. Chinese sources only made it clear that chola under puppet king kulothunga was a vassal of srivijaya. Noboru Karashima : Song huiyao was the most important source material which gave information to the compiler of Songshi, and in its lidai chaogong section, which records the arrival of envoys from foreign countries, the status of Di-hua-jia-luo is described as fanwang, a foreign king or ruler of Zhu-nian, thus distinguishing him from the king of Zhu-nian. Rajendra I, in contrast, is described as the king of Zhu-nian in the same section

[@raghuls1515]

@@tiadanama4512 throughout the history only india influence south east asia not vice versa..so it is very clear from the repeated embassies of cholas to china..from the multiple expedition of cholas to surpass the rebellion in south east asia to the khmers relations with the cholas..the srivijayan king was captured and prisoned ..clearly says that srivijaya played a useless role in sending wrong info to the song court about the cholas ..cholas dominated the indian ocean region for nearly a century..

[@karikalan8830]

Always Cholas gets spotlight.! Talk about Pandyas, Cheras too, Pandyas were empires even 1000 year before Cholas.

[@tiadanama4512]

Chola don't attack Srivijaya. Srivijaya attack chola. Here is an excerpt from a letter written by a Song dynasty official to his emperor. "Chola kingdom is subject to Srivijaya. This is why we wrote to its ruler on course paper with an envelope of plain stuff." Source: Song Shi. Page 489

[@karikalan8830]

@@tiadanama4512 why are you replying the same to everyone, this has nothing to do with my comment still Sri vijaya was under Chola influence too

[@tiadanama4512]

@@karikalan8830 how about showing solid evidence of your so called chola influence?

[@_natureisgod]

India not only British and mughals..... Its 5000 year's history ❤💪🇮🇳

[@Ak-qq2le]

And definitely not Aryans and other iranic people.😂

[@Worldcitizen7777]

​@@Ak-qq2leno its of Aryans you are african migrant

[@sandyqbg]

@_natureisgod Or just Guptas and Mauryas either, who also get a lot of attention for how ancient they are and how limited the source material on them is. It is good to see that South and North East Indian states like the Cholas, Chalukyas, Ahoms, Rashtrakutas, Pandyas and Vijayanagar get attention. Even the Bahmanis and the Deccan sultanates also get scant attention, despite being contemporary to the Mughals. The problem is that the general narrative is that the history and culture of the Indo Gangetic plain is the history and culture of India.

[@tiadanama4512]

Chola don't attack Srivijaya. Srivijaya attack chola. Here is an excerpt from a letter written by a Song dynasty official to his emperor. "Chola kingdom is subject to Srivijaya. This is why we wrote to its ruler on course paper with an envelope of plain stuff." Source: Song Shi. Page 489

[@aum-nama-sivaya]

It is way older than 5000. Aryans are not people. ARYA is a Sanskrit word for "noble" person such as Kings.

[@rolloxra670]

Having India united today would be the equivalent of having Europe united as a single country

[@Infiniteemptiness]

But India was United like under Mauryas, guptas, mughals, nandas and despite being many kingdoms their is sense of civilisation of Hindu culture, Sanskrit and history

[@dv9239]

​@@Infiniteemptinessthere is a sense of civilization in Europe too since the Roman times

[@Infiniteemptiness]

@@dv9239 Not true Roman Empire was not following same religion and culture, they're very different, one is civilized like greeks and Rome and others are barbarians like UK, France and Germany. In fact barbarians are considered as slaves by Romans. Only after Roman colonisation west Europe got civilisation and it's not all of Europe only west and south Europe.

[@dv9239]

@@Infiniteemptiness After Rome adopted Christianity Every empire even after the fall of Roman Empire wanted to be the successor Like the holy Roman Empire in German lands and the eastern Roman Empire

[@raghuls1515]

​@@Infiniteemptiness no empire had fully conquered india

[@Indispania]

Great video! India is a fascinating country with a fascinating history

[@manuelgegundez6154]

Great video, found it by searching info about the cholas, great job and you got a new suscriber

[@ashugowda5284]

Very good compilation on Cholas... Thanks... You can also explore and present more on the Hoysalas and Vijayanagara Empire of South India which had a huge influence in the region in the growth of finearts and literature

[@vijayvijay4123]

Cholas conquered almost the entire South East Asia and defeated Indian kings of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh Bengal,Orissa, Karnataka Andhra Pradesh . No Indian dynasty can be compared to them Jai Hind 🙏🏼

[@vanisridhar5509]

@@vijayvijay4123 Bro every kings are important for the culture that we have today. So we no need to compare anyone. Indian kings fought with each other. But they had marriage relationship too.

[@anirudh177]

@@vijayvijay4123 No they did not, they controlled parts of sumatra and Java, some Malay peninsula, Pegu etc, they vere raids and ekpeditions to other parts of southeast asia though.

[@vijayvijay4123]

@@anirudh177 how do you explain Angkor wat? Where do you think Muay Thai originated from? Even the traditional Thai dance of the ladies looks like classical Indian dances

[@anirudh177]

@@vijayvijay4123 Angkor Wat has nothing to do with the Cholas lmao, the Khmer Empire of Cambodia built them, they were never conquered by the Cholas. Muay Thai originates from Bokator, which developed as a mix of local fighting styles and Indian musti-yuddha. Not sure how any of this proves that the Cholas conquered all of Southeast Asia? This is cultural stuff, not politics or war stuff 🤨. The Cholas never bothered to attack mainland South East Asia because they didn't have any incentive or motive to do so, why should they waste resources to invade the mainland? And the Khmer Empire was an ally of the Cholas, why would they conquer a friendly kingdom? Cholas conquered only Sumatra and Java, putting Sumatra under direct control and Java and other ports and coastal areas of Islands in SE Asia under vassal kings.

[@euroschmau]

I was fortunate to travel the length of Tamil Nadu, seeing all the great temples along the way. The three Great Chola temples are extraordinary architectural marvels, of such majesty that they can rival medieval French cathedrals. Aside from these royal medieval temple complexes, there are several ancient temples that are old as the oldest myths and legends of South India. Most prominent of these are the temple at Srirangam and the famous Madurai Temple. People have been worshipping at these sites for time immemorial, and the inner sanctums are truly unique spaces to visit. A trip across South India is a must for travelers seeking to gain knowledge of lesser-known great civilizations.

[@TriBgarage]

Another very interesting video, keep them up.

[@qboxer]

Great video on an otherwise obscure topic for most Occidentals. Cheers.

[@tiadanama4512]

Chola don't attack Srivijaya. Srivijaya attack chola. Here is an excerpt from a letter written by a Song dynasty official to his emperor. "Chola kingdom is subject to Srivijaya. This is why we wrote to its ruler on course paper with an envelope of plain stuff." Source: Song Shi. Page 489

[@subramaniansankarakumaran8697]

In anticipation of unbiased historical narrative I am eagerly looking forward more videos that delve into the intricate history of Southern India 👍

[@abhinayfinearts]

Thank you for this video.

[@studiumhistoriae]

Thank you for watching!

[@tiadanama4512]

Chola don't attack Srivijaya. Srivijaya attack chola. Here is an excerpt from a letter written by a Song dynasty official to his emperor. "Chola kingdom is subject to Srivijaya. This is why we wrote to its ruler on course paper with an envelope of plain stuff." Source: Song Shi. Page 489

[@ColoniaMurder20]

their influenced reach in the Philippines.. just look at royal families in the PH were Raja..

[@shreeraaman1667]

Are you referring to the Cebuano Kingdom?

[@tiadanama4512]

Chola don't attack Srivijaya. Srivijaya attack chola. Here is an excerpt from a letter written by a Song dynasty official to his emperor. "Chola kingdom is subject to Srivijaya. This is why we wrote to its ruler on course paper with an envelope of plain stuff." Source: Song Shi. Page 489

[@tiadanama4512]

Chola don't attack Srivijaya. Srivijaya attack chola. Here is an excerpt from a letter written by a Song dynasty official to his emperor. "Chola kingdom is subject to Srivijaya. This is why we wrote to its ruler on course paper with an envelope of plain stuff." Source: Song Shi. Page 489

[@alamelue2988]

I am from this land. On behalf of all of us, a sincere thanks to you. Please do visit us.

[@studiumhistoriae]

I'm glad you enjoyed it. I would love to visit some day

[@perambu3441]

It is not enough to use merchant ships to wage war on a country. Over 1,000 warships and more than a million soldiers, the Chola navy established supremacy over the Bay of Bengal, earning it the ancient moniker ‘Chola Lake.’ Notably, women were also part of their naval forces, actively participating in battles. The Chola navy comprised four primary divisions: Dharani, akin to modern destroyers; Lula, comparable to small warships; Vajra, capable of swift attacks like modern warships; and Thirisdai, formidable warships armed with devastating weapons.

[@GowthamV07]

nice

[@ashok755]

Concise presentation! One minor comment. "Ch" in Chola is pronounced like the "Ch" in the word change, not the "ch" as in the word chagrin. Thanks again!

[@ShilpaNav]

வாழ்க தமிழ் 🔥

[@SJking-gk4go]

History of the mighty Cholas were hidden from the world and even the vedic culture (aryans) tried to convert South indians and their priests into complete vedic culture. Amazingly some tamil states managed to keep practicing their culture. Thanks 😊

[@animesh7296]

Dravidian Goons are always easy to spot. No Evidence, Except for their Anna Durai statement.

[@user-gv1qv6cy7j]

Cholas are pure Vedic..The Thirumurai retrieved by Raja Raja praises Vedas..Raja Raja setup Vedic schools..His great Grandpa Parantaka l was a pure Vedist..wonder from where did you get all these shit stuffs...Sangam literature itself show Vedic influence in Tamil population 🤡

[@pratapbalakrishna3036]

Sorry, aryans are , were never there.

[@Shrey_Shrek]

Source: trust me bro

[@tiadanama4512]

Chola don't attack Srivijaya. Srivijaya attack chola. Here is an excerpt from a letter written by a Song dynasty official to his emperor. "Chola kingdom is subject to Srivijaya. This is why we wrote to its ruler on course paper with an envelope of plain stuff." Source: Song Shi. Page 489

[@ismailbahamed1738]

as a thamizhian i thank u for the deep understanding of the Chozhas, Plz also research into the unproved yet belived fact that Thamizhians ruled all over India , Thamizhians followed Tortoise route thro' ocean streams and reached all over the world , even pharaohs have reln to Thamizhs , Plz watch videos of "Orissa Balu " for these facts

[@animesh7296]

yeah yeah...a good dream

[@vanisridhar5509]

@@animesh7296 yes, thats true. Chola built Siva temple in all the lands they ruled 🔥🔥

[@krishnaprashanth2478]

Plse do it for Pandyas

[@tiadanama4512]

Chola don't attack Srivijaya. Srivijaya attack chola. Here is an excerpt from a letter written by a Song dynasty official to his emperor. "Chola kingdom is subject to Srivijaya. This is why we wrote to its ruler on course paper with an envelope of plain stuff." Source: Song Shi. Page 489

[@rahulnshetty9944]

Make a video on Kannadiga Rulers The Rashrakutas , The Chalukyas , Hoysalas , Vijayanagar , Kadambas , Gangas Who Conquered Whole South India and Most part of North India also... Our Unparalleled dedication in Adminstration , Unparalleled Architectural Marvels , Temples and Holy Shrines built across Bharat 💙 Still Standing Strong 🕉️...

[@user-qp9lj2wm6w]

VOIR ABSOLUMENT LES VIDÉOS DE PRAVEEN MOHAN 👍👍👍👍👍👍

[@avinashpoojary7897]

🇮🇳🙏❤️

[@sj_life_and_science]

Keen follower of the Cholas. Great objective analysis. Enjoyed the content and been to each of the temples and palace excavations you showed. Good job bro

[@user-rr5mq4em5w]

Hi, I think u did a good job, hope u will do more regarding this region.. I liked the fact that u used chola instead of south india, its the right thing to do.. Pls also use sinhala for sri lanka since the name "sri lanka" is a new term. The island was formerly known as ceylon(a western corruption of sinhala).. Furthermore, lookup on sinhalese history cuz there are quite a few historic literrary sources surviving there... even indian historians use sinhalese records to find out what happened in ancient india.... hope this info helps u to make more videos...

[@SWAROOPSKNAIR]

That was great to watch. Thank you

[@jeyasingamjeyasimman6119]

Good video bro, I am proud of you for being interested in our culture and history.

[@saisarvan.s.r9215]

Cholas are great but Pandyas were the lord ❤. Wish they got the recognition

[@shivasrinivasan80]

I respectfully disagree. The Chola Empire achieved far more than the Pandya Kingdom. They were active expansionist with great army but more pertinently a world class naval power. They built phenomenal architecture (in fact vast majority of temples, dams and agricultural infrastructure) was built by the Cholas. They set up a robust trade post through out South East Asia and to some extent Yemen and Djibouti. The Cholas created treaties with vassal states and detailed tax revenue system. The Pandyas outlasted the Cholas but did not outshine them.

[@darzhanacf8983]

The pandya Kings started the sangam age.

[@vanisridhar5509]

Bro, talk about rise of hinduism. Hinduism was a combination of six ways(saivam, vainavam, sakthism and other three) which was practised in India. Buddhism, Jainism was decreased and hinduism was raised as a combination of these six ways. Also talk about vellalar community bro. I think this community existed in various parts of india.

[@hariharasudhanramajayan245]

Which made up by modi😂😂😂. Hindu is English word brother. Ask sir Jones William. Who named india as 🇮🇳 india

[@Ironized_07]

வெறிமலர்த் தீர்த்தத் தெறிபுனற் கங்கையும் அலைகடல் நடுவுட் பலகலஞ் செலுத்திச் சங்கிராம விசையோத் துங்க வர்ம னாகிய கடாரம் கொண்டான்! ராஜகேசரி வர்மனான பேரரசன் ராஜ ராஜ சோழனின் மகன்! மும்முடிச் சோழனின் களிறு! கோப்பரகேசரி மாமன்னன் ராஜேந்திர சோழன் 💪⚔️🔥 RAJENDRA THE GREAT

[@ChandiranChandiran-rr2ex]

Indian language mother language Tamil ❤

[@parthipanselvaraj2629]

Don't speak about language speak about Cholas.

[@prasanthyerramsetti9257]

If alians speaks mars language... Tamils claims mars language came from Tamil... Even they say they are tamils 😂😂😂 sambarians always living in utopia

[@arunramani1724]

I love the video my guy , you done us tamils proud.. But on 3:08 you told RajaRaja i annexed the Palavas but they annexed way before his reign by the early cholas , mainly by Aditha Chola I. But RajaRaja is mainly known for his conquest of lakshwadeep and the maldives , he also was also the founder of the chola navy and marines that were greatly used by his son Rajendra I for his pillage and influence in srivijaya of southeast Asia.

[@skventhan7215]

WORLD.NO.1.CHOZHAR..433.YRS.CONTINUE.REIGN.IN.WORLD..PARTICULAR.OF.CHOZHA.HORSEFORCE.11LACS.TROOPS.ELEPHANT.TROOPS.9OTHOUSAND.FORCE...ARTGALLERR.1LACS.IN.ONE.OF.THE.NO.ONE.WORLD

[@bulp9893]

Thanks 🙏

[@wojtekdutka348]

Excellent knowledge!

[@Sticklemako]

You should contact Srikant talegiri if you want to specifically analyse languages and connection to culture of the deccan and south of it. Also while the tamils controlled the empire the kingdom was a multi linguistic, multi sect culture

[@abilashananthula6966]

Bharat is one ❤.

[@kandiahsivathasan3809]

❤❤❤❤❤

[@RD-ij2sz]

11 th Century Europe was living primitive life . Under Cholas 11 story Gopuram with intricate carvings were built .

[@abramjones9091]

There were many financial developments in Europe during 11th century such as share investment and state bonds. No one ever had architecture as great as India though

[@gouthamkrishnan6718]

Not true highly developed greek and roman,southern european civilizations was there since ancient times.And by the time of 11th century almost all of Europe had christianity as state religion and had high civilization and culture.That's why they became huge superpowers in the world by the time of 17-18th centuries.

[@abramjones9091]

@@gouthamkrishnan6718 if Christianity causes high civilization Ethiopia would have settled Mars by now 😂

[@gouthamkrishnan6718]

@@abramjones9091 Sorry I didn't meant like that.What I said was there were much more ancient civilizations in Europe.By the time of 11th century europe had became christian

[@RD-ij2sz]

@@gouthamkrishnan6718 You are wrong . Europe progress started 15 th century onwards . Then is progressed rapidly during Industrial Revolution period of 18 century onwards . In India we were ahead of Europe till 12 /13 th Century. Then because of external aggression progress slowed down . Like Europe we did not have any Renesainc period . Again British Raj kept all industrial progress to nil. British took all raw material at very rates and took to Britain, used factories there to produce goods and send the same to India . This killed all local industry . Upto 13 th Century we were ahead .

[@ratnavelvish18]

❤❤❤

[@ratnavelvish18]

👍👍👍

[@navastharan]

thanks

[@perfection9630]

Very interesting 😊

[@krishnamohan1065]

The cholas were undoubtedly one of ĝreatest kings in the world

[@jamesmk1841]

A good study of a part of the Chola history.

[@deepasairam2609]

Excellent thank you so much from a tamilian. Pandiayas were older than cholas and were mightier than cholas but very older than them so not much we can get details abt them.

[@thedominion6643]

South India in this period was much more tolerant of Buddhism than the north. Tamil monks like Bodhisena helped propagate Buddhism in countries as far east as Japan.

[@LoganathanP-ys7tt]

2000 year old men

[@711zuni]

Been visiting this area since 1981 ! Always enjoy a good history lesson as I am going to many of the area’s magnificent temples Thank you

[@k.v.chittibabu5063]

Thanks! Brother.....

[@Sthmohtwenty]

All d Kingdom break up and all d ppl rushing to North America etc ...way of d world

[@ericsmandrew3427]

Wrong info: They borrowed ships from merchant to bring army??? Arabs has written about the massive naval fleet.. research on that.

[@aleenaprasannan2146]

He was probably talking about merchants from Chola kingdom itself and shipped built in South India and used by South Indian merchants. And it is true that merchant ships where turned to military ships when needed. Arabs were the only ones who were merchants.

[@iambatman7218]

Lot of mis info in here. Title misleads from the content provided. There was no looting like how britishers did globally. Sri vijaya wasn’t a wealthy nation which was defeated to be looted. India was the richest country in the world during that time. The wars were fought by cholas to defeat srivijaya who joined forces with pirates in the silk line attacking traders. Sri Lankan king tried to kill Raja Raja Chola with their spies getting caught. That’s when Raja Raja Chola decided to end the Srilankan king by war and defeating him. You need to revise the words which have used in this video. It’s one of the greatest empire with loads of manpower for army. Cholas didn’t have to hire army people from Middle East which is again misleading. We only used their technicians to build our own ships.

[@summa7545]

The part about not having a navy is not correct. They have an extensive classification of naval ships of different categories similar to modern day speed boats, destroyers, battle ships, transport ships etc.

[@Psyshodella]

Source?

[@sivamadurai]

I shall be glad to guide you in tamilnadu. Please try to visit.

[@kicker3595]

Disappeared 1200 years ago, distingratrated to be a multi kingdom countries, India has never been a unified country before the UK colonisation.

[@raghuls1515]

It was not a country during British occupation ... Unified😂...u guys only know to back stab because can't face to face...😂 India is the richest for more than 1500 years...

[@barryobrien1890]

India has been United a couple of times. One time was by the Mauryan empire, which had agreements with the Tamil people. Prior to that it seems that there was a loose unity around religion and the early indus people's, as a number of bronze age artifacts were found in the south with links. The idea of a nation is fairly recent across the world, following colonialism and empires, so you are correct that India as a united hation is only 75 years old

[@kicker3595]

@@barryobrien1890 Maury disappeared 1800 years ago, distingratrated in 250 kingdoms, if no UK colonisation, India today will be over 500 countries or kingdoms.

[@barryobrien1890]

@@kicker3595 not as simple as that. India has a very complex and diverse history. There were many large kingdoms over the ensuing centuries, from the Delhi Sultanate to the empire of Akbar not to mention athe Cholas in the south. The British, Dutch, French, Portuguese traded with the various empires and rulers initially, before growing their influence fighting amongst themselves and eventually the British unified India around 1850, for about 70 years, before European wars destroyed the empire and IND India got it's freedom. India is United by Hinduism, and limited access in the north, so it's entirely possible it would form a single nation. British Raj was a very dark period of Indian history as it dismantled it's entire economy to make it a dependent colony, and then quickly abandoned it. Prior wars pretty much left India's economy intact. So much of Indian history is misunderstood by historians as they do not grasp the influence of the Hindu philosophy, and compare it to a European religion

[@kicker3595]

@@barryobrien1890 there was many dynasties here and there in this peninsula, these dynasties had no consecutive relationship, because they had the different cultures, ethic and languages, so we cannot consider they were the same country, Compare with China, their civilisation begun from the Yellow River, their ancient capital was Xian, during over 2000 years, where you can find many emperors tombes in many dynasties, they were in the culture and language, after they moved their capital in Beijing, the same case. If no UK colonisation, today India will be a multi countries.

[@shyamapple9060]

The name Bharat is named after King Bharat a mythical ruler who united all of the mahajanapadas in the Vedic period who followed a linear culture to constitute the first Indian Empire. The current India is a successor to this founding story which underlies the fact that all Vedic cultures in the Indian subcontinent are part of one umbrella. Please do more research onto this as to why and what religious and cultural ties the Indian kingdoms had to be considered part of one country before half truths and English propaganda as to why they were the ones that built the idea of India. The idea of a united India has long been present in historical and even mythological texts and the name Bharat the Indian name for India itself is a successor as the vision of the mythical King similar to the Shahnameh of Greater Iran. There were many Kingdoms and Empires at various stages of Indian history but, the overlying fact of today's India is the vision that all share a similar cultural lineage and can be integrated as part of one nation.

[@anthonypk7281]

What about brahminshit goltirishi?

[@shyamapple9060]

@@anthonypk7281 What does that even mean except something related to bigotry I suppose.

[@anthonypk7281]

@@shyamapple9060 it's with those type of mythology that the brahmin was able to psychologically, emotionally, spiritually, and economically rape the indigenous people. The "lower caste" still lives in ignorance even after 1200 of oppression. If they wake up from the stuper brahmin have to make up other stories.

[@xijinping937]

WhatsApp university 😂

[@hidolfatler]

@@anthonypk7281 Brahmins are not in power anymore. But chrishits are trying their best to convert whole indian population into their cult.

[@rajeshkumar-gw1qm]

The great chola Empire in the world 9th to 12th century

[@tamiltsairam2191]

Tamilnadu 💪😎🏴🚩🏹🎏🐯🦁

[@tiadanama4512]

Chola don't attack Srivijaya. Srivijaya attack chola. Here is an excerpt from a letter written by a Song dynasty official to his emperor. "Chola kingdom is subject to Srivijaya. This is why we wrote to its ruler on course paper with an envelope of plain stuff." Source: Song Shi. Page 489

[@leodass]

There was no India a 1000 years ago.

[@manisteinamrhein3779]

could you give the paandiya king videos

[@abramjones9091]

Would like to know more about economy and industry of these regions

[@lordatum8139]

Tamils are none other than Australian aborigines. They ruled Australia, lemuria, africa and India

[@raghuls1515]

Whole world

[@lordatum8139]

@@raghuls1515 yes you are right sir... But these white people and Aryans are butt hurt about tamils 🗿

[@tamilpatriot7815]

India was the land of the Tamils, some Tamils accidently went into Australia when they traveled the sea.

[@lordatum8139]

@@tamilpatriot7815 lemuria was connected to Australia... That's how they got there

[@lordatum8139]

@@tamilpatriot7815 every african is a tamilan

[@ismailbahamed1738]

Hi , its not Chola , it is grammatically incorrect, Plz call Cholas as Chozhas , Thamizh is the only lang in the world with the alphabet "ZHA" that is "ழ" and belongs exclusively to Thamizh only

[@sivamadurai]

It's ok Bro. Even other Indian languages sprakers find hard to pronounce it. Let us appreciate his study and nice presentation.

[@ismailbahamed1738]

Mr Siva u can destroy a civilization by destroying a language , U can see many northindian languages died , nobody is talking that language , its our prime and foremost duty to save our 5000 years old pristine romantic language , still being reverrred in the world especially by srilankans . all other languages have imbibed lots of words from other lnaguages , but still our language is far better For every new word coined in English , we have a suitable contemporary exquisite scientific word ready , save ur language boss u hav only one language , save our dear Earth , u hav only one planet to liv @@sivamadurai

[@shonegeorge2178]

Malayalam also has (zha) ഴ (I guess because it's related to Tamil)

[@nknkannadiga9742]

King of south india was vijayanagar empire. Not parotos

[@cameronpillay8050]

Jealousy is not good 😊 tamils are 🐅🐅🫡

[@nknkannadiga9742]

@cameronpillay8050 tamils were crying for kannadigas help to kick out madurai sultanate. We protected ur women. Be grateful

[@raghuls1515]

@@nknkannadiga9742 even ur language culture & everything given to u by us..u kannadigas were subjugated & u were the guys who routed sultans to madurai shameless traitors..now saying u protected 😂..kannada was just a piece of tamil race

[@tamilpatriot7815]

You guys came in the absence of chola pandiyas, and stole our land. Who were the Nizams? You could not protect your women from invaders, how to protect our women? It''s a telugu king brought delhi sultani army into tamil nadu as he was unable to pay taxes to delhi sultani.

[@tamilpatriot7815]

Vijaya nagar criminal war lords stole kandy from Sinhalese as well. Became kandy nayaks, still ruling the country, they go by old sinhala names to hide their identity. They will be kicked out soon. Gotabaya was kicked out. He was one of them. They go to Thirupathi often.

[@krishnamohan1065]

The cholas were telugu

[@blackpinkmawifey4708]

😂😂😂😂

[@anthonypk7281]

Yeah? And Telugu is the oldest language right? And goltirishi invented Tamil, otherwise everyone in Tamil Nadu will be speaking sanscrit or effing Telugu. Cheppundi? Dongona kudukku.

[@Bacteria123]

oombu😂. why guys are stealing our tamil kings ?😂. you have your own king nayakas . proud of him

[@xijinping937]

Stop reading WhatsApp 😂

[@cameronpillay8050]

😂

[@Eelamtruth]

The Cholas were not a Tamil dynasty. Tamil is a language and that too a Lankan one, not a nationality. Also, a foreign dynasty and that too an enemy one cannot be called Tamil.

[@maniacram]

Give it up dude. Don't spread false information.

[@Eelamtruth]

@@maniacram @maniacram Why can't you contradict what I said than? 🤣🤭😏💀Why would I give up fighting against Southern Tip Subcontinental racism and lies?

[@raghuls1515]

Srilanka was always under the rule of tamil kings😂....u guys don't have history....the great tamil is one of the oldest & the oldest living language...The greatness & richness of tamil history can never be touched by lankans...the greatest nation ..

[@Eelamtruth]

@@raghuls1515 After I pointed out that Tamil is a language you claim there is a Tamil people which shows other than not understanding grammar you don't understand English as well or it's just that you're just slow 🤣 You people have no identity or a language. If Lankans don't have a history it shows you can't read. If Lankans don't have a history how come Tamil exists, how come the maritime silk route exists of which Lankan ports were the entropot and how come Lankans were travelling to Australia and New Zealand? The fact you don't even know about the maritime silk route just shows how uneducated you are. What happened to your Madrassi regiment which was allied to the other regiments in the IPKF? The IPKF was given a flogging by the Lankan army (LTTE) so why don't you South East Madrassis (SEMs) face us in a war by yourselves and see what happens? Why are you running to North Indians who don't like you to protect you. SWMs are under represented in the Indian army and you say Lankans were under the rule of your people who don't understand grammar. You clearly have grandiose thinking but your people can't actually back up your big talk. We will destroy your South West Madrasi army and retake Katchatheevu and Rameshwaram. Face us yourselves. The Cholas completely collapsed by the 12th century whilst the Lankans (Aryachakravartis) were poised to take over the whole of the southern Subcontinent if were not for the Portuguese. Again, if Lankans have no history how did Lankans have an exclave in your Nameless country? So why don't you read history before commenting? It's clear you're a racist and have been triggered as you're feeling embarrassed you people have no identity or language 🤣You people don't have a nation, you don't even have a name for that nation and furthermore you're part of India 🤣🤭🙃

[@orphan9334]

​@@Eelamtruthanother hindi mtr fkr

[@animesh7296]

They are not Tamil Kings. They are Hindu Kings from Southern States of India.

[@SarathKumar-lf7uf]

Cholas were indeed tamil dynasty they used tamil as their court language and contributed to development of tamil culture....they can't be called as Chinese dynasty lol

[@sivasubramani7738]

They were saivaite tamil emperors not hindu .why do you non tamils try to downplay and hide any mention of tamils.

[@sivasubramani7738]

you are dishonest fellow

[@SK-mg8md]

​@@sivasubramani7738Leave it bro, they're always like this obsessed with religion and everything

[@anirudh177]

They vere Tamil Hindus, one is an ethnic identity, the other is religious, they are not incompatible, you can be both

[@ChandiranChandiran-rr2ex]

Indian rules King 👑 empire cholan Tamil rules

[@snoopguy]

Nilakanda Sastri's book is biased and hided lots of facts..Youvmay want to refer Ko.Deivanayagam from Tanjavur University for more in detailed infomations on Chola Kingdom .

[@cameronpillay8050]

🐅🐅🫡