Its hard to understand from a secular persepective because back then, the concept of secularizm in government did not exist.....gov. and religion were inseperable....

A ruins of lost empire left me nothing

This is wonderful! Thank you for making the effort to pronounce the Italian so well; auguri!

Found this very helpful- thanks for your tenacity!

This was both interesting and fun. I had read The Divine Comedy many years ago but was considering reading it again, so this will be very helpful. Thanks!

Marvellous.

Your videos are very enjoyable. Many thanks for your work from Germany

Very interesting and informative. Love your videos!

Thanks for making this. I'll be honest, I fucking hate the premise of the divine comedy. The idea of someone presuming to have knowledge of the afterlife and allotting to themselves the authority to meet out divine justice is as sacrilegious as it is nauseatingly self-righteous. Dante just comes off as the biggest piece of shit, coping with his own failures by creating a fantasy where he gets to pass judgement on everyone and their grandmother. Even so, learning about the historical context of it all is a lot of fun. Looking forward to the rest of the series.

35:03 I was really expecting an Office reference in here. Fun video though.

Very good. One point to be aware of. To this day, wheat or other seed crops grown in ireland have to high of a moisture level to be turned into flour. They got around this in the past by drying it in kilns. But this could only be done in small batches. Wheat grown in ireland was and is mainly used as animal feed. Are summers are to short and wet. We are a pastoral society for this reason.

What do you think of the Jacque le Goff claims in The Birth of the Purgatory? I know it's a bit old and annales academia

I can't help think what level Trump will end up. Listening to your description he belongs on so many levels. I guess he will just go to the bottom.

Very interesting, and detailed. Other then the Dan Brown book,i knew nothing of this. Now I'm intrigued. Need to see more. Thank you

Should I read it in Italian? (I donʼt speak Italian)

Love your videos. youtube needs much more concise, informative history videos without the annoying "youtube editing" tropes

I may have to read this again now that Im older and know who at least some of these people are! I read it decades ago in school for an assignment and got nothing from it because I had zero clue who he was talking about. Thanks for posting!

Thank you for this look at Hildegard and her life, interesting from beginning to end!

Of the Republican and Democrat, I choose the Bureaucrat

Not hispanic , spanish please

Really interesting thank you

I respect you saying it's not your are of specialisation. I've seen a few history videos in my time from KZbin where you can tell it's someone reading a wiki page with no understanding of the context lol.

Are you the Asianometry guy?

Chola empire ❌ Merchant empire ✅.

They were descendants of the Sassanids .

Saying that all medieval people knew the world is a sphere is as incorrect as saying they all knew it is flat. It was known to be a sphere by many, perhaps most, educated people (although an influential group of scholars during most of the middle ages said it was flat, because the bible describes a flat earth). And sailors knew the sea was curved. But parish priests were largely illiterate and uneducated, and unlikely to know (or believe) that the earth was a sphere. And illiterate peasants, who were by far the largest part of the population, were unlikely to think of it as a sphere. For all practical purposes, their world was flat, the sky was a roof, and they didn't know anything about the knowledge of scholars, or even what a scholar was. Who would tell them those things? No one. When priests told stories from the bible, those stories were about a flat earth, with a hard ceiling - rain, the bible says, is water set above the heavens during the creation, let out by opening the windows of heaven. And medieval religious tradition had it that when the stars appear at twilight, that's God taking them out of their storage chest and pinning them to the firmament. Many of the biblical stories and religious traditions - which were all that most peasants heard about the nature of the universe - describe things that are impossible on a spherical world. This was not a plot to hide the sphericity of the Earth - it was just not important, and the biblical account was good enough for most people. It's fashionable today to say that Medieval people knew the earth is a sphere - but people who make those claims (and I have read a lot of them) are talking about educated people who weren't biblical literalists. They ignore the illiterate peasants and the nearly illiterate clergy, or they assume that secular general knowledge spread through the population then the same way it does now. No, it was a very, very different world. The fashionable narrative has swung from no one to everyone knew it's a sphere - and neither is correct.

Better title : How the english imposed their precense in any other country of the World where they were not welcome; and how they left à shitload of problems after they left '. Let's start talking about the Middle East.... Oh and how they still hate the French...even if they started the war themself.. Let's not forget BREEEEEEEEXIT !!! 😂😂😂😂

Great video, thanks for posting!

Fascinating subject. I'm descended from both groups oddly enough 😂😂😂

Some points that seem to stand out but don't get made often: 1) Everyone, then and now, agrees that *someone* has to rule; the interesting question is, who decides and how? What this period shows is a great deal of effort to accomplish this with some amount of reason and, note, consent. 2) Everyone also knew then how often becoming the ruler involved war; again, having some sort of "election" system would seem to be a way to have fewer wars. It may not have worked, but a good objective, no? 3) All this procedure and complexity also seemed aimed at resisting too much concentration of power. 4) Over time, the pressure is always there for consolidating power and for sweeping aside restraints. This seems a constant in history. But I think it's worth noting how, from the modern perspective, the old, patchwork system (which restrained central power) has almost always been viewed negatively, yet the way this "backward" system served to restrain concentrated power is often hidden in how history is recounted, to this day. 5) When we get into the more recent centuries, we have absolutism in monarchy that actually isn't rooted in Christendom at all, but pre-Christian history. And then, of course, that absolutism is ultimately swept away or defanged. How striking the transition from Henry VIII to Charles III!

Check out Khas history from 11th and 12th centuries as well

Excellent video - and personally intriguing, as I recently found out I'm descended from Robert II. Thank you for conveying French history with comprehensible clarity and adequate attention to detail.

Nice vidéo ☘️

As a German I have no clue what a Paladin is. But Pfalzgraf is self-explanatory.

Great video. Really informative on rarely talked about topic

Once upon a time south india is called as Tamizhagam

This is really informative, bud. Good vid.

Chinese civilization is far more than 5000 years, with proofs of archeology.

Another great video. I'm currently giving all your videos a watch, and it's good stuff. Cheers from a fellow Québécois.

Is it “char-le-mang” or “char-le-mann”?

Ireland has always been divided into independent kingdoms. This narrative of Ulster being separated 103 years ago is pure Irish Republican expansionist nonsense, designed to cause division. It is the Republic of Ireland that is 103 years old not Northern Ireland or Ulster as it was called. The facts are that 103 years ago Munster and Connacht were conned into what they believed was a socialist republic with the Anglo Irish in Leinster, and ended up a Little America offshore tax haven and money laundering facility for American business. Resulting in their demographic destruction, a mass exodus, a tragedy for everyone but Leinster. What is now Northern Ireland, had an unbroken history of independence until the British invaded, at no point did any Southern Ireland administration have sovereign over Ulster. Munster and Connacht should be allowed their own parliaments to rebuild their countries and the three Ulster counties allowed a referendum to decide if they want to re-join Ulster as they were all deceived.

Thank you so much

My ancestors come from the Chola

The great Raja Raja Cholan and his son Rajendra Cholan. The architecture of the Tanjore temple (Periya Kovil) has to be experienced to be believed. Raja Raja Cholan - mighty but kind to his people. This is hero in my book. Thousand years back. Look at the way kings behaved in other parts of the world. Really a golden age of Tamils and humanity. (Irony is it needed English archaeologists in the 19th century to discover this legacy. 👏 to them).

Kannada rulers outside Karnataka Outside of Karnataka, Kannadiga rulers throughout India cultivated a fragmented regional culture. Historians such as D.C. Sarkar as far back as 1959 have bemoaned the inexcusable ignorance of the Kannadigas in this regard.' The Badami Chalukyas who were established in the Sixth century have not only occupied an important place in the history of India but they spread all over India, there has been no study about the 'Kannadiga culture' which was expanded by many Kannada royal families including them (*There is ample evidence to prove that, for several centuries from the foundation of the Chalukya House of Badami in the sixth century A.D., the Kannadigas were not merely one of the most important peoples on the stage of Indian history, but they actually spread over wide areas of India. However, neither the characteristics of the Kannadiga culture nor its impact on the areas outside Karnataka have so far been studied. The world of scholars will be grateful to the Karnatak University if it is successful in initiating studies in this interesting subject."). Kannada dynasties that ruled outside India are as follows: Kalinga East Ganga (5th century), the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi in Andhra (6th century) (probably also the Kadambars of Kalinga), the Palas of Bengal and Bihar (8th century AD) are mentioned in records of Karnatas (Karnataka soldiers). Matrimonial relationship between Palars and Rashtrakutas. This may be due to the fact that the soldiers of Bengal (11th century) were of Karnataka origin. And the Sena dynasty called "Karnata" as a result of the conquest of Eastern India by Somesvara, the first Chalukya, and his son Vikramaditya, the sixth. The progenitor of that dynasty is called Samanta Sena (c. 1050) in his records as 'Dakshinatya', his grandson Vijayasena (c. 1095) as 'Brahmakshatriya' or 'Karnata Kshatriya'. His descendant was Ballala Sena (12th century AD). They were Kshatriyas of the lunar lineage. (The "Karnatars" of Nepal are of Sura lineage). His son wanted to bow to the Turkish Muslims. A mound called "Ballal Deeb" is recorded near the Sena capital Nabodwipa (Navadwipa) (Ballal-Kannada personal name. deeb=mound). *Rashtrakuta dynasties are seen in many parts of India. The Rashtrakutas of Karnataka (8-10 centuries) conquered up to Kanyakumari and attacked Ceylon as well. Their jurisdiction included the entire South Western part of present day Maharashtra. Chaulukkaras of Gujarat (10th-13th c.) Originally Chalukkas of Karnataka Chaulukkaras of Gujarat (12th c.) or Queen Nayaki Devi of the Solankis was the daughter of the Kannada ruler Kadamba Permadeva of Gove. (Permanadi was the daughter son of Vikramaditya, ruler of Goa), defeated Ghori Mahmud, who had invaded her Chaulukya kingdom as a widow, in 1178, and received the title of "conqueror of youth" from Prithviraja Chauhan of Delhi. Among them is the name "Barappa". Even today there are people with the surname "Solanki" in Gujarati. (The word 'Solanki' is a cognate of the word 'Chalukya'.) The Yadavas of Devagiri were Kannada rulers. Rashtrakutas of Manpura 499-7 CE), Rashtrakutas of Birar (7 CE), Rashtrakutas of Orissa (11-12 CE) were Kannadigas. Rashtrakutas ruled Madhya Pradesh (760-865). Rashtrakutas of Kanoji are the same (11-12 CE). In their 12-13th century inscriptions, during the reign of Lakhan Pala, a Gauda Shaivaguru named "Ishanashiva" built a Shiva temple at "Sinhapalli" in Haryana (palli-palli. This is a Dravidian word. Rathodas (Rashads) ruled in Rajasthan. ) Rashtrakutare 13-14th centuries) Karnataka is the origin of the system of indicating the administrative divisions by the number of villages in Hestikundi, Dhanop, Malavas (see also the Karnataka kings of Banavasi 12000). It is significant that the administrative units were indicated by the number of villages, 'Gramapati' was the revenue collector of one village, 'Dashagramika' was the revenue collector of ten villages, 'Sahasra gramapati' was the revenue officer of a thousand villages. (Sinha : Mithila under the Karnatas, P. 136-7.) The islands were also influenced by Karnataka. The Brahmi script at the head of the inscriptions there is a script of the Kadambara period. The influence of Karnataka is the reason why the year "Saka" is indicated in seven eighth-century records of Indo-Chinese Indonesia. (The Pallavas did not use the 'Saka' year: the Badami Chalukyas used it from the 6th century onwards. It was the Karnataka influence that introduced the decimal system numbers there. (I am grateful to DC Sarkar's article for the above information). Even the Senas who ruled in Himachal Pradesh (12-13 AD) were of Sena lineage from Bengal (meaning their origin was Karnataka). Lakshmana Sena of Bengal was the last Hindu ruler of that region. His descendant Rupsen went to Punjab and ruled there; His son Birsena went to Suket in Himachal Pradesh (1233 AD) and built a kingdom there. It was merged with India after India's independence. Raja Ashokpal Sen, Thikka Umeshwar Singh, the descendants of those Sens, are still living in the palace of the town called Mandi. Needless to say, he is originally from Karnataka.' Literature, sculpture, astronomy and medical sciences developed during his time as a worshiper of 'Kalika'. If Vijnaesvara's "Mitakshara", a valid legal text in pre-modern India, was composed during the Kalyana Chalukyas, Jeemutavahana's "Daya Bhaga" popular in Bengal dates back to the Senas: needless to say, both dynasties belong to Karnataka. famous Poet Jayadeva (kriti-Sanskrit "Gita Govinda") court poet of Lakshmanasena (c. 1200), Mahishasura Mardini of Bengal or Durga (Kali) originally from Chamundi of Karnataka; Maybe that can't be right. Outside Karnataka the Kannadigas also ruled northern Bihar and Nepal: they were the "Karnataka" kings of Mithila who were called "Karnatakas" in their records. I have solved that deficiency to some extent by working on the "Karnata" dynasty of Mithila who ruled North Bihar and Nepal." It has come to my experience that there are many advantages for Kannadigas themselves in undertaking the study of Kannada rulers abroad. This article kannada rulers outside karnataka is an extract from Dr. M. Chindanada Murthy s book karnataka- Nepal Samskrititka sambandha.

I strongly disagree with the interpretation that Britons mostly assimilated to Anglo-Saxon culture. The absence of any sort of brithonic words in old English contributes to the tradition ideas of the extermination of most Britons

Also - here I thought we Tamils were really good at being diplomats in the ancient days!

One comment I do have and I have seen this a lot is India as a country or concept or identity came out in the 20th century. There were considerable efforts India took to built this identity of one nation and one people. The framing of the subcontinent’s history by defining as ancient India may not appropriately capture the regions diversity and civilization. But this is simply a trend I have seen. Thank you for the video!

❤

IQ