The crossroads of human evolution (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka)

Thanks to NORDVPN for sponsoring this video! Get a big discount and watch some archaeology! nordvpn.com/stefanmilo
South Asia is one of the most interesting regions for human evolution. A region where all simple models fall apart!
Huge thanks to!
Sheela Athreya
James Blinkhorn
Gopesh Jha
Praveen Kumar
Joao Teixiera
All of my generous patrons / stefanmilo
Sources:
Narmada: Athreya, Sheela. “South Asia as a Geographic Crossroad: Patterns and Predictions of Hominin Morphology in Pleistocene India.” Asian Paleoanthropology, 2010, pp. 129-141., doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-90....
Patnaik, Rajeev, et al. “New Geochronological, Paleoclimatological, and Archaeological Data from the Narmada Valley Hominin Locality, Central India.” Journal of Human Evolution, vol. 56, no. 2, 2009, pp. 114-133., doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2008....
Great Overview: Chauhan, Parth Randhir. “South Asia: Paleolithic.” Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 2020, pp. 9987-10006., doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-300....
Early Middle Paleolithic: Akhilesh, Kumar, et al. “Early Middle Palaeolithic Culture in India around 385-172 Ka Reframes out of Africa Models.” Nature, vol. 554, no. 7690, 2018, pp. 97-101., doi.org/10.1038/nature25444.
Anil, Devara, et al. “An Early Presence of Modern Human or Convergent Evolution? A 247 Ka Middle Palaeolithic Assemblage from Andhra Pradesh, India.” Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, vol. 45, 2022, p. 103565., doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022....
Late Achuelean: Haslam, Michael, et al. “Late Acheulean Hominins at the Marine Isotope Stage 6/5E Transition in North-Central India.” Quaternary Research, vol. 75, no. 3, 2011, pp. 670-682., doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.....
Extinct Hominin 1: Teixeira, João C., and Alan Cooper. “Using Hominin Introgression to Trace Modern Human Dispersals.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 116, no. 31, 2019, pp. 15327-15332., doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904824116.
Disclaimer: Use my videos as a rough guide to a topic. I am not an expert, I may get things wrong. This is why I always post my sources so you can critique my work and verify things for yourselves. Of course I aim to be as accurate as possible which is why you will only find reputable sources in my videos. Secondly, information is always subject to changes as new information is uncovered by archaeologists.

[@StefanMilo]

Thanks to NORDVPN for sponsoring this video! Get a big discount and watch some international archaeology documentaries! nordvpn.com/stefanmilo

[@ankursaran3508]

Wow @Stefan... Do you have any group with which you work. I am so very interested in kind of work you do but at the same time I have day time job.. So would be interesting to collaborate or just learn and read papers in anthropology for fun.. Good work I so proud and thankful for your work ..

[@berttorpson2592]

2nd watch Man that gitty walk chat was just lovely. It's always nice seeing someone passionate about anything! I'm so happy your channel exists, every video is a blessing, and makes me happy to call you my brother (or perhaps, very distant cousin) Cheers amigo

[@villageidiot641]

link your music ape! please

[@nafijulalam3255]

Thank you for covering South Asia.. every one seems leave this part out of Archeological discoveries.

[@akhanddbangladesh8274]

There was no lndia before 15th August 1947.

[@uptamistik]

As an Indian from the south, i am obsessed with anthropology but had to get an IT job to support my old parents. Maybe another life. Excellent video though 👍

[@devverma144]

also, unfortunately there is no incentive (socially or financially). I was super interested in these topics but never even thought about doing this as a profession as I never met someone working in this field or anyone talking about it. Taking Arts subject was almost thought to be embarrassing among my peers.

[@uptamistik]

@@devverma144 exactly, same thing.

[@sam0095]

@@devverma144 same man i can feel too

[@navaneetdas5454]

Same here, from East India, cheers.

[@sajin4515]

Dr. Nelliyattu C. Shyamalan A guy from Kerala who did some DNA research on the caste group of Thiyya from Kerala, his findings are somewhat shocking And yeah he's the dad of Hollywood Director Manoj Night Shyamalan

[@MedlifeCrisis]

This was wonderful Stefan, clearly so much work went into it. I also wondered why the Indian subcontinent is not talked about so much. Such a great video.

[@StefanMilo]

Thank you! Yeah it really doesn’t get the attention it deserves. Hopefully some more human remains will thrust it into the limelight a bit

[@ajithsidhu7183]

@@StefanMilo how can that q paper say punjabi and guitarists have denisovans when there are no adaptions to it(wouldn't they be referring to Nepalese as they have denisovan adaptations)

[@Q_QQ_Q]

Bfrahmin quota people destroys evidences.

[@abdulrkhan2008]

@@StefanMilo Thank u from India

[@SoulDelSol]

@@ajithsidhu7183 guitarists?

[@AKu-xs5vg]

You never mentioned that India has the worst conditions for fossil preservation. 1) It's hot. 2) It gets the highest rain penetrance in the world. Even though other tropical regions get more consistent rain, India is the only place that gets 2x the amount of rain for 4 months straight, which saturates the ground and kills fossilization chances. This is why almost all fossil DNA comes from Northern Eurasia, and to a much lesser extent the Middle East. The former is cold, and the latter is dry which helps to combat the hotness.

[@naman6491]

And also its worth to notice our govt also have 0 interest. For sure we can get many fossils if govt is dedicated as well

[@hahahahahahahaha6682]

That skull that scientist found in Narmada river was literally in the River itself and survived the continuous water flow for about 200000 years what is possibly rain going to do to a human skull? Will it reduce it to atoms is what you are trying to say?

[@kemalataturk1917]

@@hahahahahahahaha6682 Basic middle school chemistry: Water is one of the best corrosives that we know of. That's why we don't drink pure distilled water, it thins out our gut. And that's just in a decade. Water will cut through anything given enough time. How do you think the Grand Canyon was formed? Also, just because we found ONE skull that survived in what you're interpreting as harsh conditions isn't evidence that this happens on a large scale. That's like finding a red rose and concluding that all roses in the world are red!

[@thedescanteer]

The most critical of facts often wilfully ignored.

[@anilkumarp76]

Srilanka, which is closer to equator, which is more humid, has fossil which dates to 23,000 years.

[@hasanmaharoof]

As a Sri Lankan going for a career in arcaheology and anthropology, thank you for making this video :) I love your videos a lot

[@firstconsul001]

kohomada kollo jeewithe

[@CaptainFakers]

u have my blessing for your work

[@caiussl3249]

Best wishes from 🇱🇰

[@94akeepan]

​@@firstconsul001eppedi machan pokethe

[@Pandarius17]

all the best in your career!!

[@shaunsaintey1793]

The point about South Asia being transitionally isolated due to deserts, and the difficulty of travelling from east to west is something that I have never thought about before and is really interesting to think about for sure!

[@Q_QQ_Q]

It's also much wetter region which doesn't help in preserving fossils unlike Arabia , north Africa etc which are absolute drier.

[@ishanpareek2188]

@@Q_QQ_Q nah, north west is just as humid as germany

[@Q_QQ_Q]

@@ishanpareek2188 read again .

[@7xr1e20ln8]

Also remember that you might be attributing these based on current climate. 250k years ago it might have looked and felt completely differently there.

[@mrbaab5932]

@@7xr1e20ln8 Like the Sahara and Arabia green period.

[@pratvachan]

Its so true, India is literally sidelined in human evolution discussion!!!

[@WayOfTheCode]

Mostly because we don’t fund it much locally and sone hindu nationalists have made it super political.

[@classnclassics7252]

@@WayOfTheCode did you have to get your “liberal “ mindset here ??

[@nobody5814]

​@@WayOfTheCode ah yes lets blame everything on hindu nationalist will look cool. Was it the hindu nationalist in pakistan who waged war on india 4 times making us increase defence buget or was it the hindu nationalists who did multiple terrorist attacks in india shouting allah hu akbhar ?

[@Tuluva_Yavdheya]

​@@WayOfTheCode did Hindu nationalists force you to remain stuck in ur colonial hangover?

[@pruthvirajchavan-patil380]

@@Tuluva_Yavdheya because Brahmin think they are descendants of rishis not monkeys

[@PrithivirajSaminathan]

Living in south india , this is full of goosebumps for me. There is a proverb in our tamil language that starts with :" kal thondra man thondra...."" which means there has been a civilization living here even before land and sand.. so one day we will know the truth :) absolutely mind blowing 🤯

[@lawrance9160]

The proverb "Kal thondri man thondra kalathu mun thondriya mutha kudi tamizil kudi" In Sangam period "Kal" means mountain, not stone, "man" means "land" and it says that after the creation of mountains and before the creation of land our people (tamizilans) were had an iron knife to hunt an animal's. This clearly points to the end of the ice age, which means 10000 - 11000 years.

[@umerghaffar4686]

As a Pakistani, this is fascinating. During the ice age the sea levels were lower so more land was exposed for human settlement

[@3Kiwiana]

Yes more fossil will be found in the future that will change everything but the trouble is at the moment archaeologists want to believe everything started and migrated from Africa so they will shun and regect any new discoveries, and in fact already have, hominid fossils have been found in India ,Asia , Greece that have been dated over 7 million years but have been ignored because they change everything and don’t fit their narrative.

[@yasinjamal7517]

its so amazing that in balochistan the tribe speaks bruhei language from Tamil language family, clarifying that it was Tamil not sanskrit that indigenous to sub continent and far older than aryan invasion time period

[@3Kiwiana]

I hope you have archeologists there looking for ancient hominid fossils. It’s the same as everywhere else if you look hard enough you’ll find them. I don’t believe the out of Africa theory. Too many fossils have been found elsewhere, I believe some are just hanging on to that theory because they “want it to be true “.

[@soyuz281]

Because of Himalayan mountains (spread east west)in the north and ocean in the south, south Asia gets sustained rainfall every year that is second to none. It also is on the same latitude as middle east. So its a perfect extreme of hot and wet. So human fossils are going to be extremely rare.

[@berttorpson2592]

My favorite thing about anthropology is that it’s all people from all over just learning about each other. There’s no room for racism when you get to learn that we are all just on different branches of the same path

[@sunnys3325]

I feel the same! I love Anthro and wish I had continued on to my Masters and PhD in it. Well said.

[@thomashiggins9320]

@@sunnys3325 At this point, they're not even branches. We're just walking in slightly different parts of the *same path* genetically speaking.

[@JJ-fq4nl]

We’re still evolving. We just might reach a Star Trek type level of existence. If Earth 🌋 or space ☄️ doesn’t do a FU humans.

[@sunnys3325]

@@thomashiggins9320 sure seems that way

[@infinitemonkey917]

There has been plenty of racism in Anthropology and human origins.

[@jacobcreech4415]

I'm blown away by how this channel has evolved. This is one of the best videos so far.

[@aakhthuu]

I disagree, the channel is very *intelligently designed* 🤣

[@davidcadman4468]

@@aakhthuu Oh, come on now!! It is obviously an Alien Creation!!

[@peterzinya407]

This channel is the only thing that has evolved.

[@CrypticConversions]

I really appreciate how you take these academic discussions and break them down for the average person who hasn't got degrees in these subjects. I learn so much from your channel.

[@paulhoskin5353]

Thanks for taking us with you on your academic journey (not just this video, but your body of work). It is very brave of you to put yourself out there and let us 'walk with you' as you construct meaning and knowledge in your own head. It's a privilege. Thank you.

[@Andy_Babb]

7:43 can we just acknowledge how Jimbob Blinkhorn might actually be the greatest name in human history? That’s fantastic.

[@TheOnkarj]

Why

[@6point8esspcee68]

And judging from his accent, British. Rough childhood, I'd expect.

[@Andy_Babb]

@@TheOnkarj why is it a great name? Idk bro. It sounds fun. Who cares why, that’s an awesome name. If ya don’t like it then idk what to tell ya.

[@jamesmaybrick2001]

@@6point8esspcee68 Thats some serious leaping. British probably, why assume rough childhood? I would assume opposite. Also, i dont know where people commenting are from , but "James" isnt remotely an unnusual name. I know many a james....one i see in the mirror every day.

[@tangocheapskate7279]

Such high quality content. I and i'm sure all of us here on the webs really appreciate you and your hard work. Absolutely Stellar stuff man

[@medjed2511]

Nice to see such an appreciated and underappreciated region get time in the spotlight, great video!

[@Pixxelshim]

Thanks Stefan!!! So much to think about and imagine life in those times. Climate, resources, competition, mixing.... Fascinating! I am happy to be one of your patrons.

[@etmarmeladchendjamstorebea4354]

Beeing a "cultural/social anthropologist" with south Asia and "historical ethnology" as a main subject, I love to watch stuff like this in the evening 😀. There are 3 or 4 channels worth to have a look at. Yours is one. Not boring at all (and with serious facts and thoughts). Well done.

[@chrispeacock1257]

What are the other channels? I’d love to have a look. Stefan Milo is my favourite KZbinr.

[@khirn10]

@@chrispeacock1257 same question from me haha

[@radikal8485]

@@khirn10 same

[@emilyharkness9685]

@@chrispeacock1257 same

[@saraf5414]

Bangladeshi here, Gosh how I'd love to have a conversation with you and just pick your brains about everything you know about Southasia- you can't imagine how starved I am for a glimpse into my ancestors' past since we never got to learn about human evolution in school.

[@kaizokumoobeane]

Great video! It is so fascinating to piece together the puzzles of human evolution, basically life on a different time, a different world even! I loved the illustrations too ❤️

[@ichigo11220]

I sincerely thank you for this. It scratched an itch of a question I've had for years, but no accessible media were willing to approach!

[@conorhaynes-mannering5094]

Been a fan for well over 2 years but you really exceeded my expectations with the coverage of this topic. Thank you for always bringing the forefront of great anthropology to us

[@rocroc]

Well, there is at least one other channel that produces exemplary work.

[@ubomninomen7765]

Yes, Stefan is great at synthesizing overwhelming complexities into accessible stories for the layman, like myself, that are both interesting and up-to-date.

[@cattymajiv]

I agree with you both! Stephan is just wonderful. He makes learning easy for us by doing the research for us, then discarding everything that's not immediately relevant, and giving us what is relevant now, saving us all an astronomical amount of time!

[@mad555555]

Stefan, I loved this format of video you put together. This was one of my favorite videos from you. I love how you splice together all the different conversations you had along with great graphics and great narration as always. This was very well done. You should be very proud of this video.

[@onemore4567]

as a Bangladeshi, its so rare but great to see my country being represented and recognized and talked about

[@caststeal]

True that.

[@emonizaz]

We know as indian

[@AponTechy]

Yes

[@aaatd7550]

Bangladeshis have partial East Asian ancestry

[@Miaowzi]

Bangladesh isn't very receptive of ideas like evolution. Glad to see a fellow Bangladeshi here.

[@moses3532]

First time I'm hearing about "a Narmada skull". It of course adds to the pre-historic record and Anthropology. I've seen South Asia stone tools in the Goa museum, which is also not reported in studies. Very informative video.

[@runristaren]

Top quality stuff once again, Stefan! Thank you and greetings from Finland.

[@redriver6541]

I have been waiting for a video on subcontinental Asia. Thank you Stefan. You do amazing work on this channel.

[@fleetskipper1810]

Listening to this vid again, Stefan, I realized that you are definitely the Tony Robinson of your field. You have a brilliant, insightful narrator’s voice that can tie together widely-separated finds from various geographical locations. I love your vids for this reason. I always feel that you have let me in on valuable insights. Bravo!

[@tonyhussey3610]

Absolutely fantastic video, such high quality viewing. Thanks for all the hard work you put into this creation.

[@hypergraphic]

This was probably your best video yet. Thanks for the work that you put into making such great content.

[@smithavempaty9136]

Amazing. This opened so many question boxes in my head. I am enthused to explore more and request you to dig some more for us. Thank you

[@marc1218]

Great vid Stefan you rock brother. The many beards and shirts adds montage feel. Months of work condensed into 30 superb minutes. Thanks for this, you deserve success.

[@ZohairRazaa]

I am from Karachi, Pakistan and I absolutely love your channel. It was a treat to see an episode about South Asia. There are a alot of mesolithic sites close to where I live. From cave paintings to dolmens are scattered all around the city. Some sites which were recorded are now destroyed due to urbanization. Anyway, would love to see a future show on South Asia.

[@Shelby._ai]

do you still believe in Allah

[@cloudfive4226]

Well you do realize that you all are not the true inhabitants of that land.

[@Goku-zc8tp]

@@cloudfive4226ahaha what do u mean

[@cloudfive4226]

@@Goku-zc8tp real Inhabitants were Indians, not Arabs, not Persian, not Turk

[@angel-meta]

@@cloudfive4226 Extremely incorrect. Umayyad Caliphate. Lead by: Mohammad Bin Qasim (Sindh in 711) *ARABS* Indo-Scythians. Lead by: Maues (Taxila in 150 BC) *EASTERN IRANIAN NOMADS* Parthian Empire. Lead by: Gondophares l (Taxila in 19 CE) *PERSIANS/BALOCHS* Indian is not a race. Your patriotism has made you so blind, you think your nation is your race. Even worse, how can you claim Western Pakistani’s are genetically similar to Indian races over Afghani races or Iranian races. Delusional. Stop using the name your country only recently adopted (it was Bharat before Indian.) to claim a territory and a people (races) you have barely if ever interacted with.

[@mistyhaney5565]

I really appreciate your willingness to do all the hard work to bring us these videos.

[@erinmcdonald7781]

A long time subscriber, your content has become phenomenal. You've always brought your particular nuance to topics, but you're tackling more diverse, difficult, and yet fascinating questions, now. Your determination and hard work show. Thank you! 💜🌏🥄😎

[@kellerk9310]

Thank you for such an amazing and interesting video Stefan! Your hard work shows!! And i enjoy it a lot in your videos when you grab the camera and walk outside and talk to us, its refreshing!

[@user-zv8js6wt2y]

I am from Pakistan. In studying the history of my country, I have gone back up to the Indus Valley Civilization and the pre-Indus farming communities of Mehrgarh and Beluchistan. And I thought I had gone far, but clearly, not far enough. Human habitation is indeed so much older and goes back to even pre-homo sapiens to even more archaic species of humans. It's mind blowing just how many people have stood behind us in order for us to enjoin in and enjoy this very moment in our lives. It teaches you gratitude.

[@BlackholeJET369]

Your country's history is starting from 1947, b4 that it was India

[@greg5023]

I'm not sure that human habitation goes back to the pre-human era.

[@nikki7962]

WOW very interesting reply, thanks

[@user-zv8js6wt2y]

@@BlackholeJET369 Incorrect. "india" is a word created by the British and india's history begins in 1947. At the time of the Indus Valley civilization of Pakistan, no such thing as India nor hinduism even existed. The Indus Valley civilization and pre Indus cultures of Mehrgarh were all located in Pakistan.

[@vanarqwq3660]

@@BlackholeJET369 cry about it India also never existed all states were independent and their separate entities

[@TanibImtiaz]

Finally someone made a video on the topic I always searched for. As a Bangladeshi I always wanted to know the evolution history of this region.

[@grimmoris]

Lovely how you approach this challenge in your career, you are a great inspiration as a content creator

[@Where_is_Waldo]

Absolutely fascinating! Human evolution cannot be put simply and joining you on this deep dive was a lot of fun! The complexity makes it all the more interesting.

[@lightbeingform]

I think this is my favorite of SM videos so far. I love how it’s structured and presented and this science is so fascinating - so cutting edge. Great to hear it from the scientists. And SM of course. The statement about processes and influences on the evolution and dispersals rings throughout. Awesome

[@phillipwilber3427]

We are the lucky ones Stefan. Thank you for the hard work, to all, who make these videos.

[@davidmellings6997]

Was feeling stressed and tired and Stefan drops a video- perfect remedy ❤

[@thedankknight2066]

Great video Stefan, as usual. Your passion for the subject really shines in this one

[@nicholaswoollhead6830]

Some of the most exiting content online right now. In Danish we have this word "formidler" which is the title of someone whose job it is to convey technical information to laypeople, but unfortunately I can't really find an English equivalent - you're a great formidler, Stefan!

[@rosswhite-chinnery5725]

Time for us to adopt it as a loanword. Don't worry 'formidler', there is already a lot of Old Norse in English, you'll fit right in!

[@p.m.rangarajan1055]

Very interesting video. Thanks for uploading. The limestone caves of Meghalaya, in Krempuri hosts a number of geological specimens and the caves in Baratang Island in Andaman and Nicobar Islands should probably be the connecting point for the East and West ancestors. Lot of rock paintings can be seen in Bhimbetka Rock shelters in Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh. The excavations in Keezhadi, in Tamil Nadu has thrown some interesting theories on the migration of early man in India.

[@jadeemp]

Western part of Meghalaya in garo hills region, stone age tools were also found.

[@MiaSanBacon]

Outright stupendous, I can’t thank you enough for doing this research and synthesizing months of conversations and deep dives for us. I hope to see you here in 20 years helping us understand new discoveries!!

[@danpatterson8009]

Best video yet. What a marvelous field- trying to fit the pieces together, not knowing what new pieces might appear and disrupt the model you thought was good, insanely curious but wary of certainty.

[@intimaspace646]

Brilliant video, so much work went into this - and it's extremely interesting and informative.

[@juledude124]

Stefan, I simply love your videos. You've got to be one of my favorite youtubers. Thank you for all your content!

[@bobkeleher3455]

Man the production quality of your vids has gone through the roof over the past few months. Damn well interesting.

[@grantlawler8106]

Thanks for pumping out the best vids Stefan! I always look forward to seeing your new vids!

[@prototropo]

Beautiful presentation, Stefan. Just wonderful- I only wish each speaker was introduced by name, every appearance, since they were all--each and every--so riveting and articulate. I even wanted to study their bios to be more like them!

[@alecgill536]

Very many thanks STEFAN: A first-class video; highly informative; raises some great questions; sparkling debates; and a creative use of graphs / maps / images etc. Keep up your wonderful work. Cheers Dr Alec Gill MBE

[@thelostone6981]

I love the “we don’t know for sure” feel to this. It’s what great about science. I do hope we are able to fill in some of the blank spaces and until then; we’ll done to you and those working on it!

[@issakzwarton9067]

Feels more like a discussion than being preached to

[@vishnu98765]

@@issakzwarton9067 exactly we are just analyzing pieces of evidence and coming to conclusions one of the most satisfying and intriguing things according to me

[@ASChambers]

Fascinating video. I think your comment towards the end that we can become fixated on what each individual type of homo was doing is spot on. South Asia clearly illustrates how we need a truly holistic approach to the field, drawing in data from all types of research and using them together to create an elaborate illustration from where we can pick out overlaps, similarities and indeed differences.

[@brainfreeze1925]

One of my favourite YT channels...thanks Stefan. All the best in 2023.

[@fentin480]

I really appreciate how much work you put in, the care you took, and all the great people you interviewed for this video. I learned a lot!

[@christurner6295]

Another great video. Being in Australia it led me to think about the first humans to populate Australia. I’d love to see a video like this about Australia and surrounding islands. How people spread through the region and how language developed would be a great start.

[@semaj_5022]

This would be amazing. There's evidence of human activity in Australia dating back as much as 60,000 year ago; there's so much history to tell and explore there. The migration and spread of Austronesian people would be fascinating as well. I'd love to see Stefan tackle these topics in his world-class videos.

[@russpearson9802]

Great comment. Lots of mystery yet to be unveiled here. 😉

[@russpearson9802]

There is a theory getting round that turns the out of africa around, and refers to a new model called, "Out of Australia". Look it up, Rebecca Cann i believe is the author.

[@julianolan2860]

Me too!

[@urbnctrl]

Thats gonna require a series mate, we have more than 1000 languages just on one island alone. Maluku and Papua are obviously POI for their contribution to ocean navigation since the Outrigger canoe and dubble hull ship were created there with which Polynesia and Madagascar were colonized.

[@Souljahna]

Thank you Stefan, for keeping us up to date with all this fascinating research. Your doing a great job!

[@nicolaspettican]

Wonderful video, thank you Stefan. The only thing I would have liked better is short summaries after each main point, because it's a lot of information to take in and it would be great to tie it all up. Especially at around minute 27 or so, so much new information that I would have liked a short summary or conclusion. Thank you again, I always had a feeling that South Asia is a special place and this video fed that feeling.

[@kreskin0079]

Perhaps taking notes can help

[@dersitzpinkler2027]

So much dedication here. We appreciate you Stefan!

[@unvlog2721]

i dont think i ever watched a better made yt video. Thank you for an amazing half hour

[@2112x1Book2]

Congratulations ❤ Your love for the subject shines through with honesty. Keep digging 🙏

[@peterpayne2219]

Love your videos, Stephan! Your video editing is top-notch!

[@nawalbangali61]

Great content! Waiting for more informative episodes on this topic. Love from Bangladesh. 💞🙏

[@sabao4792]

when at the start stefan said that this part of asia is overlooked for archeoology, its resonated with me SO MUCH. only 1 human skull to have been found here is such a shock to me. this part of the world has some serious parts of the evolutionary puzzle.

[@victoriamatthew4422]

I have always speculated these people were shipped all over the world in mass numbers; which may explain why bones are not found where they should be. Bones found in other continents may not be of that person's origin. She/He could have been sent abroad as a slave for markets, labour, or war; and died where they were sent. Archeologists could be mistaken about human migration.

[@destinedforgreatness1175]

@@victoriamatthew4422 Intercontinental travel was not a thing during the time periods of when these humans whose fossils have been found were alive. The only means of transport was walking during the lifetimes of these fossils. Any fossil of a person found that existed in a time period where there were alternate forms of travel (such as with animals) don’t have any relevancy with the origins of humans and their migration. That would be considered modern human migration, while the time period that most archaeologists and palaeontologists are usually discussing is far before that.

[@Notthatkindofdr]

Not sure if anyone else mentioned this yet (too many comments!) but I love the commentary beginning at 29:22 for its insight into how we tend to want to oversimplify what must have been a very complex situation spanning a huge amount of time. I always thought the old "out of Africa" vs "multiregional evolution" debate was much too simplistic for the same reason. We make the same mistake in many other parts of science as well, where reality is often much more complicated than we expect.

[@kristiandent1798]

Super glad I caught this, Stefan. Diolch!

[@iahmad1760]

Very insightful. Good video. I like your enthusiasm. You really seem to enjoy what you do. Keep up the good work.

[@kellynaz9256]

south asia is such an interesting place and evolution there. im so glad youre covering this and giving it the in depth attention it deserves and has been lacking.

[@bernardsulman1506]

Thanks for a great video. .. an equally interesting study in evolution has been your studio set-up. Your tool technology has come a long way since the days of a clip-on mic on a plastic spoon :)

[@krishna-e-bera]

noooo, the spoon can co-exist!

[@encyclopediapierciana6815]

Another good one, Stefan! Very good work that you- do-- enjoy them a great deal!

[@robertgroth9723]

A great overview with unique perspective. You make them almost tangible.

[@suryakantpatre4812]

Thank you so much for this video on South Asia where I am from. Looking forward to more interesting videos on this in the future.

[@Embassy_of_Jupiter]

Human history in Asia is so interesting and very underexplored in education(at least when I learned about anthropology)

[@brooklyna007]

This was sooo amazing. Thank you so much for your work. I love it!

[@willsonj]

Great video. I find that nature almost seems to exist on a continuum, and continuums are really hard to describe succinctly. You did a really good job of explaining that here.

[@upfromtheskies]

i am so glad , i found your vids......i found your work, through north 02...........i cant wait to watch all your vids....i have been studying this same field , and so much more since 1991........keep up the hard work ol'boy ....your doing very well....congrats

[@NevenaMikec]

I really enjoy watching your videos! I would love to see your story and explanation about the findings in Lepenski Vir :)

[@perceivedvelocity9914]

Wow you must have put a massive amount of work into this video. IMO you have graduated from KZbin and might be ready for the world of documentaries.

[@-xirx-]

I couldn't agree more. It was a pleasure to watch, I love the design and aesthetics his work is going in, while still keeping the Stefan charm. SpoonCam™ or no SpoonCam™! 😉

[@pansepot1490]

Tell you what: Milo’s style is far superior to the documentaries you can see on TV. Even the good ones tend to dumb down the material, fill the narration with irrelevant fluff, and instead of reporting honestly on the the state of our scientific knowledge they try to create an aura of mystery around each new and old discovery.

[@alicecuriosityoftenleadsto6288]

NOOO! This is so much better, he has most the control, its actual Non-sensationalized information thats STILL FASCINATING and its FREE even for broke people and people in so many different countries! The TV is just a Monitor these days anyway!

[@SoulDelSol]

@@pansepot1490 agreed! They repeat same things over and over and try to force this mysterious excitement over things. That format would be a step down

[@benwarnock]

Hancocks latest JRE appearance ironically brought me here. This channel is so bloody good I have binged almost all the videos. Would like to see your take on early hominids and psychedelics, whether or not they could of consumed and if that would of affected evolution

[@guileniam]

Hancock talked about this?

[@RickSanchezc-xh3ky]

Very well done and well researched video. Love from Bangladesh 🇧🇩 I've been always searching for such an informative video about our subcontinent ancestors

[@Viralvideos-dv4sb]

We don't usually have ancestors.

[@RickSanchezc-xh3ky]

@@Viralvideos-dv4sb then where are we from? Dropped from the sky or emerged from the sea?

[@alkhemiegypt]

Fascinating! It's a subject you don't hear too much about. And I really like the way you're always happy to admit "we really don't know".

[@saraf5414]

Growing up, my teachers never taught me much about evolution at school because of prevalent societal preference to stick to creationism (dominant Muslim population, duh). We never read about these things from history and science textbooks, either. Hence you can imagine how STARVED I've been for this type of content! I'm so fascinated by prehistoric human life and everything paleo yet rarely do I see videos on Southasia's early hominids since most of the discussions seem Europe/ Africa focused. Only found your channel about 2 yrs ago, love your usual content but this one hit home. I'm so happy you tried to dig into the Southasian rabbit hole! Love from Bangladesh.

[@nafijulalam3255]

Oh God.. Been there, faced that. I searched literally four or five times to see what was going on with this region. Why weren't we on forefront of human evolution? For every logical and contemporary purposes we should have been. It just feels like enlightenment. I mean, there should be research on our ancestorial lineage. To read that my history started from three or four thousand year ego, disconnected from other human species is just infuriating.

[@saraf5414]

@@nafijulalam3255 ikr?!

[@nafijulalam3255]

@@saraf5414 Yeah :)

[@xenn6330]

Very relatable

[@ranjitkarunakar6607]

Thank you for your openness, bhai

[@holyhex6520]

Great job, I'm 4 months behind on my watch now list, so the break between videos gives me a chance to catch up. :D

[@bojack.k5104]

Wow.what a great video man.. appreciate it❣️

[@samdog166]

I love how anthropology sort of flows into ancient history

[@mrblackmamba117]

I started off digging into ancient human history and realized how important anthropology can help connect the dots

[@nizefella]

Thanks Stefan for a fascinating and informative presentation!

[@abisu5273]

This is great thanks. I love your illustration of the Lavallois technique. I hadn't appreciated what a change that was. I guess, like many inventions, a flaked werehacked off accidentally, giving the idea that such a useful thing could be replicated.

[@voetstryer]

Incredible stuff as always Stefan. You are bringing so much knowledge to world by bridging the gap between hardcore active researchers and armchair enthusiasts. You are like "Bhagirath" for lack of a better word. Keep going!

[@introtwerp]

Who is bhagirath

[@the_number_one]

@@introtwerp his aaya (grandma)

[@Kermatrix]

Really looking forward to this one, Stefan.

[@THIS---GUY]

Great video. Will definitely be checking out your library :)

[@lopamudraray4571]

Your Evidence 3 was what i was egarly waiting from the start of this vid. 😊

[@mikeymasters8459]

Stefan, I’m an anthropology major, with an emphasis in Native American Studies. I’m also addicted to your content👍🏼

[@perritoDeSatanas]

Jimbob Blinkhorn is definitely the best name i had heard of an expert in a while

[@StefanMilo]

It is fantastic lol

[@amritmohanty1937]

Yeah...its almost like a Harry Potter character.

[@russpaxman3660]

Excellent video, I can hardly imagine the mind boggling amount of research and collating of evidence to reach a “Best Guess” conclusion. Thank you so much for attempting to explain the as yet inexplicable.

[@LaoShiDa]

Thanks for these! They are great resources for teaching high school world history

[@frankperez1953]

You and your staff really do outstanding projects. I am profoundly interested in physical and paeleo-anthropology and archaeology. How important is it to establish a date/time and detailed location environment (geology, hydrology, the ecology of fauna and flora, and climate) in order to identify the species of a sample cranium or a tool assemblage?

[@mrblackmamba117]

Thank you for uploading this. I've been interested in anthropology but most of content is either focused in Africa, Middle East and Europe. Being a part of the Indian subcontinent, this video adds so much to my understanding of the land I come from!

[@StefanMilo]

It was my pleasure, such an interesting region for human evolution.

[@gollum8821]

Thanks for making such a great video Stefan! Hopefully we will know more about Indians ancient past in the future!