The Destroyed 10,000 Foot Volcano in New Hampshire; The Ossipee Caldera

[@GeologyHub]

A slight correction. The hotspot which created kimberlites in Canada, the Ossipee Caldera, and seamounts in the Atlantic Ocean is most likely now no longer active. So the former hotspot is unlikely to produce more seamounts or submarine volcanoes in the Atlantic. Of course, the Ossipee caldera and the kimberlites are long extinct volcanoes which will never erupt again.

[@sogno_89]

Wow, thanks for this update, even after almost a year! Appreciate the frequent scientific findings.

[@Off-roading1]

After a year more mounts seemed to have popped out in the line of the hot spot so it appears it is still going

[@carolynallisee2463]

I loved that you said "bird-like reptiles called dinosaurs". It shows that this idea is moving from strict scientific circles into the mainstream at last!

[@clintonmorris8222]

What I find truly remarkable is they are so confident that they know what sounds they made that somebody released an hour long CD of dinosaur sounds. True story.

[@FirstDagger]

@E Van ; The coolest dinosaurs to me are the ones flying outside of my window right now, Corvus cornix. Intelligent little fellows, and give no second thought about flying raptors.

[@felixhaokip]

What's the significance of it? Genuinely asking

[@FirstDagger]

@@felixhaokip ; The general scientific consensus is that birds are dinosaurs, thus are called avian dinosaurs and share a common ancestor with theropods like T-res and Velociraptor.

[@carolynallisee2463]

@E Van Parasaurolophus!

[@GeologyHub]

The Ossipee mountain range and caldera is simply one of dozens of similarly sized calderas which formed during the same time period. It just happens to be the feature which best retained its ancient shape. Also, it is still debated whether a mantle plume hotspot can occur without producing an initial flood basalt. It seemingly appears that the ancient Great Meteor Hotspot instead began with kimberlite producing eruptions.

[@rafaelvalimfernandes]

Is it possible that this same collapse, of a caldera formation, will happen in that huge Mexican volcano, volcan Popocatépetl?

[@roytallow6784]

Do one how many Glaciers are still around ! H2o Life to exist ! How long before they are gone ! Melted ! 🤔

[@jessikamiranda2306]

@@rafaelvalimfernandes It depends on the composition of the volcano's magma and the size of its magma chamber

[@michaeldeierhoi4096]

@@roytallow6784 The largest glaciers are in Antarctica and Greenland. Those glaciers are the most resistant to collapsing because they are so big. Possibly hundreds of years of warming would be necessary for those to disappear. The ice in Antarctica and Greenland is over a mile thick after all. There are however glaciers in West Antarctica that are accelerating their march to the sea and thus will go much sooner. Then there are the glaciers in the mountain regions throughout the rest of the world that are receding at a record rate and many are already gone. The mountains of the Himalayas are not above the risk and their rapid rate of melt poses a catastrophe for the many peoples at lower levels that depend on the constant melt water for their livelihood. Hard to say when those glaciers will be gone.

[@SheepWaveMeByeBye]

@@roytallow6784 It will take a few millenia for the polar ice caps to melt away. You should be more worried about the rapid deforestation taking place all over the world, or the overfishing that is endangering the ocean ecosystems. Or my old aunt Betty who insists on taking that holiday in Thailand even though she doesn't need it and she knows it's bad for her grandchildren. No aunt Betty, we don't care if you volunteer at an orphanage, it's still bad for all of us!!

[@Krakatoa78]

It's quite interesting to see the path of hotspots and what volcanoes they leave behind. It also shows roughly what path the North American plate took. Great video.

[@laurenhoward8397]

So glad to see Ossipee! I did my PhD research there in the Ossipee pine barrens 20+ years ago. Brought back some great memories. Is the nearby Mount Chocorua also of volcanic origin?

[@GeologyHub]

It’s also volcanic but is a bit older; from the Jurassic period

[@randolphpatterson5061]

Your videos are the best of their kind! Thanks for not resorting to sensationalism & instead sticking with science-based facts.

[@b.a.erlebacher1139]

There are diamond-bearing kimberlite pipes in northern Ontario, too. Unfortunately they only produce industrial quality diamonds. The cool thing is that they were located by constructing a 'landscape' representation of gravitometric data (on computer) casting 'light' at a low 'sun angle' and spinning the image. Circular features representing the kimberlite pipes popped out to the pattern-finding human eye. This was in the 1980s when it wasn't so easy to do this with computers. I thought it was absolutely wonderful at the time.

[@ecurewitz]

Diamonds bars still cool

[@GeologyHub]

Sounds like the kimberlites I explored in the upper peninsula of Michigan! Although those had some nice olivine and garnet crystals

[@cacogenicist]

@@GeologyHub - Are any of those kimberlites diamondiferous? One does occasionally find diamonds in glacial deposits in Wisconsin and Michigan, IIRC. But I suppose those are probably from farther north.

[@Solutionsarejustcompromises]

These old Hot spot exibits are realy fasanating to me. They explain so much of the questions i sometimes have scrolling around in Google earth. Rarely are vulcanos just that, a lone vulcano, great to hear the greater picture.

[@Dragrath1]

While hot spots appear to be real and are quite fascinating playing a role in the geology of not only Earth but also Venus and Mars there is growing evidence that at least on Earth they are a lot more complicated than conventionally assumed coming in different types and forms that vary in the source of buoyancy for upwelling (which can be a mix of both conventional thermal hot spots or chemical hotspots. The chemical variety seem to largely result from chemical transformation and or saturation due to enrichment of the mantle due to subducting slabs while the conventional thermal plumes are thought to arise from the core mantle boundary. Some hot spots even seem to appear to be related in their timing flaring up with large igneous provinces(LIP) around the same time notably during intervals of tectonic plates reshuffling sue to subduction ceasing along large margins as the underlying subducted plates run out like the greater LIP associated with the Yellowstone hotspot in the Pacific and the Icelandic hot spot in the Atlantic . This is far from a proven link but it suggests there is probably an even deeper connection of processes within the deep Earth system.

[@cmannion4]

Would love to see more New England ancient volcanic activity videos. Growing up in New England it was fascinating to watch how that particular hotspot started in what is now Canada and moved all the way to the modern Azores.

[@erinjackson6243]

Fascinating as always! Thanks for continuing to make such fantastic content. 😊

[@lesleyfowler8524]

My home State, New Hampshire!!! It's so beautiful here and the foliage colors are about the most wonderful drives!!! Especially with the Swift River running all along the Kangamangus hiway!!! Come take a drive thru our mountains!!! Enjoy my friends

[@stephenrickstrew7237]

I’m first … to say how much I’ve learned thanks to Geology Hub ..!

[@zbar739]

Another great video! Where is the photograph at 2:30 from?

[@MightyMuffins]

So cool that you can literally track the hot spot and it's STILL active too. That's so legit.

[@waynefatguyinakayak7408]

You can also see the track of the Hotspot that created the Hawaiian Islands too. You can follow the seamount chain all the way across the Pacific, almost to eastern Russia.

[@BulldogWilly]

Thank you for covering this! It's a fascinating area to explore on foot

[@janetoney4714]

I really appreciate that I have gained a lot of knowledge from watching these videos.

[@timothyconover9805]

Mont Yamaska in the Great Meteor chain is very useful for hang gliding, being basically a circle with places to launch into all wind directions.

[@jorismulders3000]

Really like your videos, and this one made me wonder what causes hotspots in the earth's mantle and what drives them to stay active for millions of years, in a relatively small stationary location. Even if the tectonic plates are moving over them. Could you make a video about this or do you have some resources where I can read about this? Thanks!

[@theidiot5496]

Could you do the shiprock volcanic plug in new mexico

[@baystated]

Yay! New England geology! I'm sure we've got more going on than just dead ancient volcanoes. Though we don't have diamonds around here, it'd be cool if you talked about diamond volcanoes. I remember an old History Channel show about them but their explanation for their formation (both the diamonds and their volcanoes) felt cartoony and dumbed down.

[@bryanmcgucken7209]

Agreed! I hope he does more NE geology,

[@sheenal2387]

Would love to see a video on this

[@midori4352]

This is great! I had no idea New Hampshire had such a hot spot, once. I'd love to see a video on any volcanoes in New York!

[@TheCrossroads533]

Check out Stark's Knob near Saratoga. Likely an undersea vent smothered by layers of pillow lava.

[@vernicethompson4825]

Thank you for this video. I lived in New Hampshire as a teen and traveled around the state with my parents a lot. But we were never aware that the Ossipee Mountain Range, one of my mother's favorite places, was actually an ancient volcano. I would appreciate it if you would do a video about the volcanoes of France, in the Auvergne region. They seem to be mostly cinder cones, but perhaps you have a better explanation.

[@jjMcCartan9686]

He covered that a few years ago I'm sorry I don't have the link but I'm sure if you Google geology hub French volcanoes it will be there vernice 👌

[@waynefatguyinakayak7408]

@Vernice Thompson Not just the Ossipee mountains, but the Belknap mountains and Rattlesnake Island are remnants of a collapsed caldera as well, just across lake Winnipesaukee. Also formed by this Hotspot, but on a smaller scale, is the complex surrounding Pawtuckaway state park in Nottingham. Look them all up on a topographical map. It's fascinating.

[@vernicethompson4825]

@@waynefatguyinakayak7408 Thank you! I agree, it's fascinating!

[@genericalfishtycoon3853]

@@vernicethompson4825 I live about 6 minutes from the bottom of Mt. Washington, so hello from your former home-state! :)

[@vernicethompson4825]

@@genericalfishtycoon3853 I am from Nashua. Both of my brothers climbed Mt. Washington in their cars, so they probably passed by your home at some point. Unfortunately I don't remember what years they did that. Good to hear from you!

[@hgbugalou]

Wow, never knew about this one! Super cool.

[@chrisspicemonger503]

How about a video on the Palisades formation along the Hudson River in New York/ New Jersey?

[@Zephyrion__]

There’s also some rings in Vermont too

[@josephhughes1925]

Also interesting, is the Blue Hills caldera and granite complex just south of Boston, Massachusetts. Thanks for the great content.

[@posteroonie]

Thank you for informing me of an area that would be fun to visit on a road trip to New England.

[@timothyforet1198]

I visited this several times. It’s one of the few places in the NE where I can go to find a few remaining basalt columns

[@chrishughes8188]

Where can columns be seen?

[@mikehartford2604]

@@chrishughes8188 Turtle Back Mtn

[@Yevrag35]

About the modern location of the hotspot, I'm curious about how it crossed the mid-atlantic ridge? Is the whole ridge moving west/northwest relative to the hotspot?

[@TheGuruStud]

The entire crust is always moving, so yeah.

[@curious5887]

The Mantle is stationary, it’s plate that moves

[@ricdintino9502]

The information about the hot spot being currently near the Azores was very interesting. Have other hotspots besides the Hawaiian and Yellowstone left similarly lengthy trails?

[@kiramcpheron7426]

Look at the one that trails off of the southern tip of Japan. It is one of the longer ones in my opinion.

[@541Kris]

Big fan of your videos! I don’t have any education in geology, but could you make a video talking about mineral formation with the types of lava?

[@2xtryxn]

Question, Does this hotspot still produce diamond bearing deposits?

[@Dragrath1]

Unlikely the volcanic pipe eruptions can only excavate Diamonds already present beneath the continents largely from ancient subduction bringing carbon from the surface into the mantle. The Atlantic like pretty much all seafloor is young no more than a few hundred million years at most with little if any subduction none of which is near the current hot spot. There is also the nature of volcanic pipe eruptions which are thought to involve chemical reactions between carbonate source material and other minerals rich in silica driving the conversion of carbonates into carbon dioxide and other volatiles like water which drives the material's assent. As such there are no diamonds to excavate and even if there were, no carbonates to drive the rapid assent needed to get said diamonds to the surface before they can chemically revert to graphite.

[@GeologyHub]

Sadly not. The diamonds exist at depth in >1 billion year old cratons. They were simply brought to the surface by ancient hotspot eruptions. Since the hotspot is under relatively recent thin oceanic crust, it cannot bring more diamonds to the surface.

[@SpruceDodger]

Very cool! Erosion and eons of time are fascinating...would love to see a piece on how Lizard Head peak in the San Miguel mountains of SW Colorado came to be. Thanks for all your great videos!

[@jameshagel777]

Thank you for showing the progression of the hotspot to modern times.

[@GearGuardianGaming]

be nice to see a video on the origins of flat rock, a giant chunk of granite that makes up part of the bank to lake wedowee in alabama.

[@antonio39776]

Great video once again. Thank you!

[@waynefatguyinakayak7408]

Guess I wasn't the only one who requested this topic lol. Thanks for posting it!

[@mollysue5508]

Thankyou for taking the time to do all your amazing videos. Always so interesting and informative.

[@diannechace922]

I love Vermont and your videos may you do mount ascutney in Vermont plz do one on it

[@wanderingquestions7501]

The hot spot crossed under the mid-Atlantic Ridge?

[@janetdesmarais4089]

I have heard of the Is Ossipee caldera.but I never knew where it was this is very interesting thank you.

[@KittyLovesGlover]

I grew up in NH. Never knew this of Ossipee. gonna check out the lake this summer! :D

[@kellyburket6955]

I never knew this. I live in Vermont, and can't wait to visit this.

[@annierichardson5296]

There is a caldera in the Northeast Kingdom, too - now filled with the bogs of the Nulhegan River basin.

[@noeltherrien5107]

Is this the same system that built the volcano in Montreal???

[@thomasdeb2723]

Can you do a more focused video on the Monteregian hills? Mont Royal is a pretty important one because it have a couples of diatrems that can be explained with an eruption at the surface or water/magma interaction. Mont St-Hilaire have amazing geology with some minerals varieties that are unique to this location only. And you have the Oka and St-André carbonatite that are rich in REE element and is a very rare type of magma. If you want more info, Pierre Bedard, a professor at UQAM university made a site (in french) that explain in detail the Mont Royal intrusion, and Ulaval have some information about the other Monteregians hills. I could DM you some articles if you want.

[@vhhawk]

Have you done Stone Mountain, Georgia? The diagram at 1:16 made me wonder if that is how it formed.

[@mariemenard4447]

I’ve actually visited and hiked part of this. I live down the road. We have two of these in the state.You can find columnar (sp) basalt in this area as well.

[@waynefatguyinakayak7408]

The Belknap mountains across the lake, including Rattlesnake Island are another collapsed caldera. Pawtuckaway state park is a ring dike complex.

[@donaldslowik5009]

Love these volcano focused geology lessons. Can you provide links to references / sources for some of major points made?

[@valentinsantiago277]

Holy crust shift! You dig deep! How do you have the time for all of this. Awsome! And it makes sense. I wish i had the time for all this. Love it.

[@chrispery9002]

Did a job in West Ossipee New Hampshire years ago. Very rural and as always in New Hampshire, plenty of rocks,mountains and trees. Get used to seeing them. It's by the bushelfull up there.

[@julezhamilton4776]

I’d be fascinated to see something about the formation of the Highlands and western Islands of Scotland. Have a chunk of red granite from Isle of Mull where I grew up. Would love to know more please x

[@josephpiskac2781]

Really interesting especially that the hot spot continued in the Atlantic Ocean and today is at the Azores.

[@noone-ft9lw]

Do the Wetumpka Alabama impact crater please.

[@mikebruns9750]

Love this video,I used to live in that area and was always curious about the difference in the surrounding areas

[@bouteilledeau1463]

Since you mentionned them, a video on the Monteregian Hills would be nice. Somebody said they aren't volcanoes, so doing these would be very nice.

[@brycelummis941]

Has there been any videos on one of the larger caldera lakes, Lake Taupo. Still in a very active geological area which has had very small eruptions around its edges in recent years. Also Taupo hosts a potential deadly problem of massive amounts trapped Co2 on the bottom of the lake. Any geological disturbance could result in the sudden release of the gas resulting in a disaster bigger that the 80s caldera gas eruption in Camaroon (think that's right).

[@nicholausbuthmann1421]

Do please consider doing a video on "Mt. Diablo" here in Central California. As it is indeed "not" a Volcano. Oh and good Work as always.

[@stevejohnson3357]

The kimberlite formation is interesting. Today there are a number of diamond mines operating in the North West Territory mostly closer to Yellowknife. Fellow science youtuber Anton Petrov once mentioned that he worked at 1 right out of university. They are usually under a lake because kimberlite is softer than the surrounding rock and, you know, glaciers.

[@DeborahRosen99]

I'm wondering if you could do a video on the ancient volcanoes found in the Boston area. New England is generally thought of as tectonically and geologically stable now, but it wasn't always so. I know of four ancient volcanoes in the North Shore area alone (two of which are active quarries now), some of the granite formations in the same area go back to the Ordovician, and going further west in MA the geology just gets older and even more interesting. Boston, and Massachusetts in general, holds some real surprises underfoot!

[@ptocknell]

That is crazy. “Hotspot still active today” Wow. Just mind blowing. Geology is so fascinating!!

[@edgarfarrell8096]

Question, in your opinion how would you start the eruption of Katla in Iceland. As a no fly zone in Eastern Europe would be very helpful at the moment...

[@TrafficCamWatch]

That's the most detailed mention of an active hotspot I've seen up here.

[@DavidJones-me7yr]

Do you have any info on Rib Mountain in Wausau, WI?? It's a mountain by 4ft.

[@bryanmcgucken7209]

There’s so much granite in New Enland. Must’ve had volcanoes all over the place

[@chadsuzka1995]

Silly to ask, but any volcanos in Saskatchewan Canada at any point in time?

[@curious5887]

Definitley possible, since continent at the time was placed geographically differently from today

[@enlightenedsoul8897]

What VEI would this eruption?

[@downix]

There is a similar structure a bit south of there, around Pawtuckaway lake

[@evanthelegend7610]

Hey, wanted to ask do you think you could do an update on LaPalma? I also loved the “large bird type reptiles called dinosaurs” part. I had to watch it a few times lol.

[@djjonnybong]

Thanks for doing the one i suggested!!!

[@juice8292]

Sorry Geologyhub 😁 thanks for doing this.....SOOOO much amazing geology here....and mining 😁😁😁

[@patrickx5527]

can you do the extinct sussix county NJ volcano and or are there extinct volcanoes in PA?

[@VinnytheSanchez]

Is the movement of hot spots East from the magma finding new pathways in the earths crust like water traveling the path or least resistance or is the hot spot in the same spot relative to what’s below with the earths crust shifting over the top?

[@suitt1]

Could you do a vid on starks knob in ny? Also the mountain ranges in ny as well

[@azopalinc]

Do you think there are any as yet undiscovered kimberlite pipes in the world? I know the Canadian diamonds mines around Diavik are fairly recent discoveries. Thanks

[@FarrellMcGovern]

I also asked for it, thank you! One important place you missed was Mount Royal, a member of the Monteregian Hills, and gives us the name of the internationally known city of Montreal that it sits at the center of.

[@fancystardust7629]

Wish you would give a bit of an intro when you start your videos, but most of all want to say thank you for saying feet because here in the united states we neve adopted the metric system and you are very good at what you do but a small intro would help some of us. Please keep up the great work and thank you.

[@Catluke96]

Would be really cool if you could make a Video about the Eiffel Volcanoes in Europe, wich are mostly extinct i believe. Really enjoy your videos, they are very scientific and interesting. Keep going :)

[@kickapootrackers7255]

Thanks brother 👍

[@adamc1966]

So its really old. Love videos about hot spots. 🌋🌎

[@galacticadventurer6694]

Hi there is also a feature like this in Western India named Girnar hills. I would like to know your taughts about it

[@matthewmcintosh4925]

How about the glasshouse mountains, Queensland, Australia. Mt. Warning, and of course Mt. Flinders since I was named after Matthew Flinders.

[@mytar35]

This is on the Oregon state quarter.

[@puncheex2]

So, I assume the hot spot got across from the NA plate to the African plate before the Atlantic opened up? If, not, then how did it cross the mid-Atlantic? Or is it running completely independent of the plate system, deeper down, maybe?

[@curious5887]

Mantle hotspot is stationary, it’s the plate that’s moving, not the hotspots

[@ingibingi2000]

Pawtuckaway in NH is a big crater too

[@SB-qm5wg]

I didn't know about this place! Nice

[@SCSuperheavy114]

I believe I read something about a new hot spot somewhere in New England…

[@tsbrownie]

I thought about becoming a geologist, but making jokes about having a gneiss schist did not go over well with the profs. That and I took all the lab samples for granite.

[@NicholasRoselliTravels]

Amazing I’m from New Hampshire traveling the country I’m currently in Oregon just check out crater lake 3 days ago. Absolutely amazing this world 🌎

[@litiviousspartus4611]

It was neat seeing how that Hotspot moved off into the ocean.

[@paulcarpenter885]

Can you do a video on Tamu massif?

[@ACHistory]

Could this caldera count as an inverted valley?

[@yodorob]

One of the Monteregian Hills is Mount Royal in the heart of my own Montreal!

[@juice8292]

AAAAAHHHHH!!! THANK YOU THANK YOU THAAAANK YOU 😁😁 YOU MADE ME HAPPY....DOING A DORK DANCE....THIS IS WHERE I LIVE....TEEHEEE 😁❤️❤️ you've made this geek, stuck in BED, VERY HAPPY

[@peetky8645]

why is dolomitic limestone grey-blue?

[@petek1pml746]

great video did not know there was an ancient volcano in NH.

[@rabbit1908]

1:09 Vulkan Krenitsyna what a coincidence I was just researching that

[@AstonMartin427]

Thank you thank you!!

[@kristensorensen2219]

Could you do a episode about kimberlite pipe eruptions. Please💖

[@Shaden0040]

THERE IS ANOTHER CALDERA IN NEW ENGLAND, THE BOSTON SUPER VOLCANO CALDERA. PLEASE DO AN EPISODE ON THIS. IT IS AN OLD VOLCANO LONG DEAD ITS CALDERA RIM IS COMPRISED OF THE HARBOR ISLANDS, THE BLUE HILS, THE HILS OF SOMDERVILL ALONG ROUTW 2, AND THE HILS OF WELLESSLEY AND NEWTON.

[@RoinbinRobin]

so cool!