The end of US neutrality? The Lend-Lease Act - WW2 Special Episode

[@WorldWarTwo]

On 11 March, 1941, American President Roosevelt signed the Lend-Lease, as Indy has covered in the weekly episode on that week. We wanted to revisit that bill in a special episode since it is arguably one of the most consequential American actions of the war before December 1941. Now, the effects of the bill are not visible immediately, but later in the war we will definitely revisit some of the materiel that entered British service under Lend-Lease. We hope you all remain safe and healthy! Cheers, Joram *RULES OF CONDUCT* STAY CIVIL AND POLITE we will delete any comments with personal insults, or attacks. AVOID PARTISAN POLITICS AS FAR AS YOU CAN we reserve the right to cut off vitriolic debates. HATE SPEECH IN ANY DIRECTION will lead to a ban. RACISM, XENOPHOBIA, OR SLAMMING OF MINORITIES will lead to an immediate ban. PARTISAN REVISIONISM, ESPECIALLY HOLOCAUST AND HOLODOMOR DENIAL will lead to an immediate ban.

[@luxembourgishempire2826]

I say it does violate it's neutrality.

[@kingsum4356]

Luxembourgish Empire it didn’t directly involve in the war so they are in theory neutral

[@BHuang92]

Roosevelt: We Americans should not be involved with those silly Europeans *but here's some stuff for you England.*

[@Pavlos_Charalambous]

Great job as always, I have a question . In the vid Americans had forbidden the sell off American or similar British equipment to other countries,but how did British equipment ended up as far as USSR or the occupated nations armies was re equipted with British armaments?

[@WorldWarTwo]

OK let's tone this down a bit shall we? Thanos 6.0 is right and technically celebrating any war crime is already against our rules under the ban on apologist rhetoric as in Partisan Revisionism - saying that it is justified to kill civilians, regardless of nationality, race, denomination, gender, and irrespective of which side they and their government was on, is a revision of legal reality, to not mention morally reprehensible. That being said we do give some slack here in all directions - we have to weigh carefully what we do so that we don't exit the responsible area of moderation and enter the irresponsible area of censoring opinions.

[@MarshalHopalop]

I appreciate the tiny Indy stuck in a cup desperately trying to understand the situation.

[@Arbiter099]

"What? No. No, there can't be any war across the entire world. I've traveled to the farthest reaches of Lilliput and there is no war

[@Tweakjones5]

What does the cup say

[@williamhild1793]

I know, right? I'm going looking to see how I can buy that coffee cup. it's awesome!

[@renel8964]

@@Tweakjones5 it reads:" but then the winged hussars arrived!"

[@alessandrorizzuti7857]

@@Tweakjones5 [something] confused really don't understand

[@KPearce57]

In 1982 I was a truck driver and was dispatched from Mannheim Germany to Paris France to pick up a lend lease WW II 1/2 track in good condition and haul it to Bremerhaven, it was put on a ship and sent back to the USA.

[@Raskolnikov70]

A lot of that equipment was still in use through the Cold War and even afterward. It's always interesting to look up information about a certain type of tank or weapon system or whatever and look at which countries were still using it long after it was manufactured during WWII. I'm sure there's still a Sherman or two kicking around in some African backwater, still being used by a modern army.

[@Raskolnikov70]

@@goldenfiberwheat238 In the 1980's, with the european post-WWII economic slump and the Cold War still going on, my guess would be it was still being used by the French military. Armies don't throw anything away, I personally deployed (with the US Army) to Iraq in 1991 with trucks built in the 1960's...

[@stephen1137]

@@Raskolnikov70 The U.S. forces threw materiel away wholesale. Aircraft were pushed over the side from aircraft carriers. Manufacturers fulfilled the remaining war contracts and were paid to then take finished vehicles, aircraft, machines, etc., and transport them across the yard to be literally chopped and cut up for scrap. A veteran who was in the ARMY of the UNITED STATES (in Italy) in a Mobile Maintenance unit received a transfer of ownership of one of the fully equipped and supplied deuce and a halfs. But that was rescinded and all the unit's Mobile Maintenance vehicles with all their equipment and supplies were loaded onto a vessel of some sort and then dropped off the side into the depths of the Meditetranean.

[@renanribeiro8137]

@@Raskolnikov70 Really sure. Israel, for example, used a modified version of the M4 Sherman in its army until the early-1980s. They were called "Super Sherman".

[@dentoncrimescene]

Well, it's not gonna be Paris Texas is it?

[@MrDuckTrollson]

US: "No war for us we'll stay neutral". Also US: *standing in dark alley dressed in trenchcoat* "Hey UK you wanna buy some guns?"

[@marcoAKAjoe]

Lol

[@alexanderchristopher6237]

Rick K The choice is either prop up the British or have Britain capitulate. One of them is the worst option. Not when we see in hindsight what the Germans did to the Poles, French, Greeks, Dutch, and other people who have surrendered. Besides, there’s a difference between selling weapons before the war and selling weapons during the war.

[@Quincy_Morris]

That’s a really malicious analogy, as if helping fight the nazis was a bad thing.

[@gunmnky]

More like "Go die in your own European pissing contest. We don't want a second round. But we have guns for sale."

[@adrianshephard378]

@@Quincy_Morris "as if fighting terrorists was a bad thing"

[@homefront1999]

Indy, will you do a mini-series about the common people and their reaction and introduction to the war? Such as the German farmer's life and them being drafted into the war. The American teenager that lives far away from the city. My most interested one is the life of a Japanese commoner. You don't hear much about the Japanese on a personal level in the war. Even less about how people lived and how they dealt with the war.

[@kglguy]

I agree. Those would be excellent points of view to have.

[@marcoAKAjoe]

Yes

[@stc3145]

Maybe they will in the on the Homefront videos

[@Cheeseman42046]

Isaiah Belter there is a book called the German war. I read it awhile ago. I will tell you it’s shocking. I was too lazy to double and triple confirm sources but I did read that the war with Poland wasn’t that popular

[@marcoAKAjoe]

@@Cheeseman42046 oh wow

[@BERNTRR]

"I haven't got the slightest idea about european affairs" love her honesty, so eloquent aswell.

[@yarpen26]

Those guys are all staged, it's painfully obvious.

[@BERNTRR]

@@yarpen26 and?

[@arnaldoteodorani277]

Bernt Refsnes Rørvik The automatic captions translated ‘european affairs’ as ‘your penis there’. I haven’t got the slightest idea about your penis there.

[@gunmnky]

In 1939, Europeans didn't have the slightest idea about American affairs. There was no internet and journalists have never had any integrity. We take for granted what we know now about the conflict. The truth is - nobody back then knew anything for sure and every government was lying to them.

[@bangscutter]

Hasn't changed much even till today. Your average American knows very little of the world outside the US, save for what the 24/7 news channels tell them.

[@CHAR0N_19]

yes, here's to enjoy my quarantine!

[@georget8008]

The first nation (after Great Britain) which used the Lend Lease Act was Greece. Unfortunately the first deliveries were received by the Greek government in excile (based in Egypt), after the occupation by the Nazis (April-May 1941).

[@jbloun911]

What a waste.. greece. Send aid to me

[@blackstone777]

Also another part of America's build up to war was the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, which was the first "peace time" draft in US history. By November of '41, the first draftees were entering military service. My grandfather saw the writing on the wall way before this. After France fell in 1940, he went to the Navy recruiter and joined the Navy that summer.

[@CArchivist]

Those earlier enlistees, especially those in the Navy, often earned enough points they could be discharged as early as 1944 (like my Great Uncle, who was at Pearl Harbor at the time of the attack). Though many (like my Great Uncle) couldn't abandon their friends and re-upped for another 2 years.

[@Davemte34108]

My uncle was in the first draft. Trained in a medical battalion that was attached to the 32nd Infantry Division. Shipped out to Australia in early '42 and returned in late '45.

[@657449]

In January 1941 my father was in the first draft for only one year. On December 6th he was on a ship headed out from California. They came back the next day. He went to Iceland for two years and then to Europe . He was at Bastogne. He was discharged the first week of August 1945. Our navy was in an unofficial war with u-boats. We knew that the Japanese were planning something in the pacific but there were too many options to plan properly.

[@MeatGuyJ]

Charles Lindbergh: "We should be neutral." Also Charles Lindbergh: "I accept this Order of the German Eagle...Uh I mean I'm returning it, lol."

[@deprogramm]

those aren't mutually exclusive.

[@davidchicoine6949]

@m g same for henry ford

[@squaretex]

Dr. Seuss certainly wasn't a fan: :D i.pinimg.com/736x/35/26/58/352658667c3a6ef33dd7ec57c643184a.jpg

[@gunmnky]

@@davidchicoine6949 At least Ford gave us a 40 hour work week and vacation time.

[@-few-fernando11]

He also flew combat missions on the pacific, so there's that

[@stephenconroy5908]

From Britain, God bless America for this before joining the conflict, the lives lost during it, and Marshall Aid afterwards. We are at times not grateful enough. Some cynics may say it simply benefited America's interests; well, I'd damn well prefer that to the dark alternatives of those times.

[@shaniamonde7341]

Britain never recieved any Marshal plan aid.

[@WorldWarTwo]

@Shania Monde The largest recipient of Marshall Plan money was the United Kingdom (receiving about 26% of the total)

[@richardsinger01]

Shania Monde Do you think so? In fact you couldn’t be more wrong. The UK was the biggest recipient of Marshall aid, about a quarter of the total.

[@knutdergroe9757]

THANK YOU ! Our own war deb was not paid off till the late 1960's(I could be wrong, but I think 1968). And I have been corrected(I was told in my youth that England did not), England worked very hard and paid the U.S. back. And may God Bless and guide the U.K.

[@johnmccallum8512]

@@WorldWarTwo Then how did it take the UK until the 1990's to pay off this "Marshall Plan"?

[@ABC-po6be]

I've been hooked on this series since I found it. I love the way that you immerse yourself in the period and bring history to life. Tremendous work!

[@WorldWarTwo]

Thank you very much for your support!

[@primkup]

Here we go again.

[@WorldWarTwo]

Thanks for watching

[@zolafuckass8606]

ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY

[@empowl1607]

Churchill lost his first election in 1945 by 3,000,000 votes. The German regime was elected not only in Germany but in Danzig as well. I don't get it, Poland was also a totalitarian state in 1939 and Americans sent more aid to the Soviet Union than Britain by the end of the war.

[@zolafuckass8606]

@@empowl1607 how the hell could they be elected in a foreign country? I genuinely don't believe you.

[@empowl1607]

@@zolafuckass8606 Churchill was appointed by the King and he lost his first election in 1945 by 3,000,000 votes. The men that won the war hated him, more than 2/3rds of them voted Labour.

[@zolafuckass8606]

@@empowl1607 They voted labor because they wanted a change in politics. Whether or not he was hated, he held the UK together through the blitz.

[@CArchivist]

Churchill wasn't hated, they just wanted someone else in charge to run domestic policy, which is not what Churchill was about. Labour was offering programs and plans for the future after the war. Conservatives, they ran on their war record, and the war was ending...

[@ferreirasilas]

Top 10 recipients of Lend-Lease materials (in US Dollars): 1 - British Empire: 31,39 Billions (part of it was "forwarded" to the Soviet Union) 2 - Soviet Union: 10.98 Billions 3 - France: 3,22 Billions 4 - China: 1,62 Billions 5 - Brazil: 372 Millions 6 - Netherlands: 251 Millions 7 - Belgium: 159 Millions 8 - Greece: 81 Millions 9 - Norway: 47 Millions 10 - Turkey: 42 Millions HIGHLIGHT 1: proof that the Soviets and the Chinese desperately needed American help. But gratitude is not their strongest suit... HIGHLIGHT 2: proof that Brazil and Turkey provided help to the Allied cause (including some troops and blood) that nobody talks about...

[@JohnJohn-pe5kr]

Jonathan Williams turkey joined the war on allied side when the Soviets entered Romania and Bulgaria because they didn’t want to be invaded by the Soviets.

[@auguststorm2037]

It worked both ways. The equipment send to Soviets and Chinese prevent US more losses. They basically repaid it with their blood.

[@generalkenobi9782]

MILITARY HISTORY VISUALIZED did a great video on soviet gratitude towards lend lease. In most part, the soldiers, not the politicians, were very appreciative for the assistance. But cold war politicians tend to downplay the cooperation that occurred. So be careful when you only see thru black and white lenses

[@OTDMilitaryHistory]

Nice job Scott. It's great to hear a familiar name with these videos.

[@dylanjohannson]

How on earth did I miss this channel? I've been hoping for something like this since 2014... Why didn't KZbin ever recommend this? Hell, this isn't even a small channel... Definitely going to subscribe! It seems to have a lower budget though, or is that just me?

[@JohnJohn-pe5kr]

Dylan Johannson looks like you found this channel just in time before it gets good.

[@WorldWarTwo]

Lower budget compared to what? The Great War? Well, unlike TGW we're not financed (or owned) by a big corporation. We fully depend on our communities' financial contribution and therefore the quality differences between our first episodes and the ones we're producing now. And still - we're producing a lot with a small team and a low budget. We'll get there though! Thanks for subscribing and enjoy the binge!

[@alexplotkin3368]

Great presentation. Before we started Lend Lease, we totally cleaned out the British first: Gold reserves Cash reserves Foreign holdings in the Western hemisphere including investments in the U.S. (Dunlop tires, tobacco companies, etc.) and Argentina (railroads). The British had no overseas investment income in 1945. They were dependent on the U.S for loans and Marshall Plan aid.

[@alexplotkin3368]

@The RightStuff we cleaned them out and skinned them to the bone. They had no overseas investments after the war as a source of investment income. We didn't have to do that.

[@alexplotkin3368]

@The RightStuff if this was done to America you might be viewing this differently. BTW Hasn't the U.S. moved a vast amount of its manufacturing to China? And China owns one trillion in U.S. bonds and government debt. Somewhat similar trajectory. Thankfully we are starting to push back.

[@alexplotkin3368]

@The RightStuff you are so missing the point. We forced them to sell all of their U.S. and overseas bonds, common stock, preferred stock. ALL. There are rare paintings in the Smithsonian they used as assets to buy arms. And we weren't in the war yet when Lend Lease starting in March/April 1941 and they were doing all the fighting. That was petty and spiteful. We left them with NOTHING to keep them afloat after the war financially. Tanks and jeeps don't generate investment income. So of course they needed loans from us. We made them economically dependent on us and forced them to liquidate their empire. Gee, China seems to be playing a similar game of trying to weaken the U.S., don't you think? Now they did squander to an extent the post war loans by trying to hang on to their empire instead of investing in new plant and capital. China is pushing something akin to this with so many of our factories (I'm an American) and manufacturing base going to china.

[@alexplotkin3368]

@The RightStuff we fleeced them and then made them dependent on us. We didn't have to force them to bankruptcy for aid. Kind of like what China is doing to the U.S. today.

[@alexplotkin3368]

@The RightStuff do lend lease Jeeps, tanks and planes pay investment income? No. We cleaned them out by forcing them to sell all of their overseas investment holdings.

[@naughtlocke4516]

I dont think I've ever clicked this fast. Ty indy and crew for providing quality quarantine entertainment. I hope y'all stay healthy and safe!

[@marcoAKAjoe]

This is indeed a great channel. I may start supporting them on Patreon

[@WorldWarTwo]

Thanks for the love, stay safe too!

[@WorldWarTwo]

Cheers! We'd love to have you join the TG army

[@nickdanger3802]

Part II: Formal negotiations between the U.S. and USSR to settle the Lend-Lease account began in 1947. The two countries could not agree on an acceptable figure for compensation even though the United States dropped its claim from $1.3 billion to $800 million and the Soviet Union upped its offer from $170 million to $240 million. Negotiations were, therefore, suspended in late 1951, and in early 1952, the U.S. decided not to move forward on the issue. National Archives The Resurrection of World War II Lend-Lease Records on the USSR: A Story in Seven Parts page

[@cluckingbells]

It did benefit both countries as it allowed the US to prepare its own war industries without being accused of preparing for war from both domestic or international opponents. One example of this even before lend lease was the P-51 Mustang whose design was a proposal made by the North American Aviation to the British Purchasing Commissions requirement for aircraft in early 1940.

[@indianajones4321]

Best thing to do in the quarantine

[@Raskolnikov70]

Lend weapons to your neighbors so they can help defend your block? I totally agree :)

[@brasspick]

It took the Brits a while to get used to navigating on the Right side of the ocean.

[@simongleaden2864]

Port side to port side, i.e. steering to starboard when passing another vessel travelling in the opposite direction has long been the norm at sea.

[@stephen1137]

@@simongleaden2864 He was kidding, Simon.

[@danepatterson8107]

This is one of your best episodes ever from any series

[@chevchelios523]

United States did not only won the largest aeiral and naval battles simultaneously, but also provided more goods to ussr more than it's own domestic production.

[@robin961000]

My man indy over here got a coffee mug with himself on it 😂😂 awesome

[@habitualbabyeater2445]

Please do more episodes on lend-lease, particularly in how they helped individual nations. Russia for example is trying to pass off their lend-lease aid as insignificant, so having an in-depth look at Soviet lend-lease aid in particular would be nice.

[@WorldWarTwo]

No fears, we will.

[@alexamerling79]

Thank you for these videos Indy!

[@jerryw6699]

perfect, i needed a break from solitaire

[@ArtemisSmith]

This dude looks tired in every episode. Let the war end so he may rest!

[@alphamikeomega5728]

Don't worry: I'm sure Gemany will have secured enough Caucasus oil by the end of the year that it'll finish the war pretty quick.

[@subscribeorsus6862]

@@alphamikeomega5728 it will be over by Christmas don't worry

[@marcoAKAjoe]

@@subscribeorsus6862 haha

[@DotepenecPL]

He's stuck in Bavaria with a pal named Spartacus, probably getting hammered on a daily basis, no wonder he looks tired. On the second thought: getting hammered on a daily basis is probably Indy's natural environment.

[@marcoAKAjoe]

@@DotepenecPL hahaha

[@genemartin6962]

You mentioned in passing the Rolls Royce engines and the Magnatron. The former is why the P51 mustang became the legend it did. Equipped with the original Allison engine the Mustang was good.....with the Rolls engine it was superb. The Magnatron was the basis of RADAR that gave the Allies such an advantage throughout the war. The Lend Lease program was arguably the best idea that Roosevelt had to get America ready for war without declaring war.

[@lastexile6924]

I would love that teacup with Indy picture on it

[@kirbyculp3449]

You can make your own at Costco, maybe Wal-mart.

[@elmile824]

well I can tell you that ringing that bell works - my 12 last notifications are from this or the Time Ghost channel. Keep up the amazing work guys, thank you for this!

[@WorldWarTwo]

Cheers!

[@matthewyoung1754]

This is a great series! Indy always gives a great perspective on the history. I almost missed this episode since it isn't in the special episodes playlist

[@jasonthedemonscaxmer6923]

I like this, I was interested in lend lease when it was mentioned in the week by week. Hope you do it more on other topics.

[@uprightape100]

On 12/07/1941 my US Navy officer grandfather was already in the war with his ship USS Joseph P Dickman transporting British troops to India/Burma.

[@Andrew-cn7zy]

2:19 speaking of Japanese American relations, could you cover the Panay Incident in B2W as a special video?

[@BeingFireRetardant]

Definitely. Panay is worthy of its own video.

[@Axemantitan]

3:36 I hate it when people treat ignorance as a virtue.

[@alphamikeomega5728]

Better to admit ignorance than to pretend you're an expert in everything.

[@jtgd]

@@alphamikeomega5728 wasn't hard to learn considering there was news and information about it

[@Axemantitan]

@@alphamikeomega5728 It isn't about admitting ignorance, but reveling in it. There's a middle ground.

[@willmannn]

@@alphamikeomega5728 Yeah my brother is like this. Ask him the most esoteric question on the planet and he'll feign knowledge and try to give a response because he can't even once in his life say something like "Hmm, not sure, need to read up on that more."

[@spookerredmenace3950]

i like Indy's vest! very nice! great video! hahaha that mug! Indy drinking from a mug where INdy on a phone :P classic!

[@nickdanger3802]

March 41, 20th - Following her earlier sighting of the "Scharnhorst" and "Gneisenau", Malaya was now sailing with convoy SL68 off the west coast of Africa. Torpedoed and damaged by "U-106", she became the first British ship repaired in the United States under Lend-Lease arrangements. The convoy lost seven merchantmen to the U-boats.

[@pilates68]

Nothing to do with lend/lease but sometime in the 1930s the Japanese planes “mistakenly “ attacked an American gunboat in China. I don’t recall the name of the US gunboat but it was obviously a portentous event largely forgotten now. Hope it comes up at some point. Great channel!!!!

[@WorldWarTwo]

We covered that in our Between Two Wars episode on American Isolationism -> kzbin.info/www/bejne/Y5rYgpaujaaXnNk

[@thescientificcaptain]

Hi Indy, greetings from Trinidad. Can you discuss the Destroyers for Bases Agreement between the Americans and British in one of your episodes? It would be really appreciated.

[@WorldWarTwo]

We have talked about it, actually. Can't remember which episode it was though.

[@michimatsch5862]

Ah, the B17. A strategical bomber that was advertised as a naval bomber and after many naval attempts was used as a strategic bomber.

[@mjbull5156]

It turned out to be much harder to hit a ship underway and actively dodging with high altitude level bombers than they originally thought. In fact, it was nearly impossible.

[@DioBrando-mr5xs]

"Give us the tools and we will finish the job" Bro...

[@GustavoAlves-iq5pc]

Plz Kilroy was here special !

[@Javaman92]

Great job with the limited staff! How are all of you doing? Stay safe.

[@davidswift7776]

I love FDR’s .... “USA has to become the Arsenal for Democracy “... 👍 Thanks for a very insightful commentary on Lend/Lease !

[@WorldWarTwo]

You're welcome! Thanks!

[@thurin84]

fun facts; early on during cash and carry germany did avail themselves of it with merchanch subs such as the "deutchland" (later used as a supply "Milchkuh") and regular u boats. things they acquired were specialty items that they had difficulty getting via other avenues such as rubber tires, rare earths, and optical grade glass. it was, of course, a drop in the bucket compared to allied nations. after the war effort ramped up, england started manufacturing web equipment for the us army to free up shipping space for other more important items (known as reverse lend lease items amongst collectors today). production levels never rivaled us production though and such items are comparatively scarce (and sought after) today.

[@nickdanger3802]

"On Sunday, 7 December 1941 the battleship (USS Texas) was at Casco Bay, Maine, undergoing a rest and relaxation period following three months of watch duty at Naval Station Argentia, Newfoundland." en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Texas_(BB-35)#Early_operations

[@danlacina7562]

Question: Was the Monroe Doctrine finally realized when Great Britain leased its naval and army bases in the Western Hemisphere to the USA? From what I understand the UK was still the primary source of FDI and military aid to Latin America until this time. Basically, did Lend Lease complete the Monroe Doctrine. Great video!

[@danlacina7562]

​@Steven Lee i really hope Indie responds to this. The Monroe Doctrine still stands even though it was a 19th century creation. The UK had naval bases in the western hemisphere that were transferred to the USA ending Britain's hegemony on that side of the planet. also its not propaganda. if you actually read memoirs and biographies of Stalin, Khrushchev and Zhukov you would know they all said American aid was the reason they survived. But yes, I should do more research...

[@danlacina7562]

@Steven Lee typical revisionism...

[@richardstephens5570]

@Steven Lee Wrong. The doctrine was reinterpreted in 1898, Roosevelt went along with the new interpretation in 1933. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine And billions of dollars in aid is not a lie. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lend-Lease

[@wyominghorseman9172]

@@richardstephens5570 A total of $50.1 billion (equivalent to $565 billion in 2018) worth of supplies was shipped, or 17% of the total war expenditures of the U.S. In all, $31.4 billion went to Britain, $11.3 billion to the Soviet Union, $3.2 billion to France, $1.6 billion to China, and the remaining $2.6 billion to the other Allies. Reverse Lend-Lease policies comprised services such as rent on air bases that went to the U.S., and totaled $7.8 billion; of this, $6.8 billion came from the British and the Commonwealth. The terms of the agreement provided that the materiel was to be used until returned or destroyed. In practice very little equipment was returned. Supplies that arrived after the termination date were sold to Britain at a large discount for £1.075 billion, using long-term loans from the United States. Canada's Mutual Aid program sent a loan of $1 billion and $3.4 billion in supplies and services to Britain and other Allies.

[@wyominghorseman9172]

@@richardstephens5570 How Much of What Goods Have We Sent to Which Allies? The first lend-lease shipments, consisting largely of food and industrial commodities, arrived in England at a time when the German submarine blockade was close to starving out the British Isles. The first American tanks and planes reached Egypt in time to be used in the second British drive into Libya which started on November 2, 1941. In the various theaters of war in 1942, our allies fought with renewed confidence and better success because of the equipment furnished under lend-lease. General Montgomery’s Eighth Army, which defeated Rommel’s Afrika Korps at El Alamein, used American planes, tanks, guns, and other equipment. In 1943 as American armament industries hit high gear, lend-lease became a tremendously powerful instrument of war. Goods and services were provided to our allies at the rate of about 1 billion dollars a month. The British armies, which, along with American and other forces, pushed the Axis out of North Africa, Sicily, southern Italy, and France, used large quantities of lend-lease weapons. So did the rearmed French forces. The Russian offensive which drove the Germans out of White Russia and a large part of the Ukraine was aided by thousands of guns, planes, tanks, trucks, and other items provided by us. And in the air over Europe, the R.A.F. was using many American-made bombers and fighters, powered by gasoline also furnished under lend-lease. In the first six months of 1944, lend-lease transfers exceeded 1.5 billion dollars a month. With this aid, the United Nations gained overwhelming superiority over the Nazis. The assistance (along with the fighting efforts of our own armed forces) contributed to allied victories in Italy, France, the Low Countries, Russia, and eventually the Reich itself.This does not mean that our major allies-except for the revived French army which was almost completely equipped under lend-lease-were mainly dependent on American supplies. It has been estimated that lend-lease provided only 10 percent of British war equipment, and certainly a lesser proportion of Soviet material. But the goods we sent and services we provided were important factors in the success of their armies. Premier Joseph Stalin, in a toast at a dinner party at the Teheran Conference in ate October 1943, declared, “Without American machines the United Nations never could have won the war.” As of December 31, 1944, total direct lend-lease had risen from $28,270,000,000 to $35,382,646,000. In terms of commodities, what does lend-lease represent? From the beginning of the program to June 30, 1944, we exported to our allies under lend-lease about 30,900 planes, 26,900 tanks, and 637,000 other military vehicles (ordnance carriers, jeeps, trucks, etc.). Added thousands in each category were paid for in cash. We have also lend-leased over 1,800 merchant and auxiliary craft and 1,400 naval vessels, including escort aircraft carriers, corvettes, landing vessels, PT boats, and other small craft. What proportion o£ our finished munitions has been allocated to lend-lease countries? Out of every 100 tanks that have come off our assembly lines between March 11, 1941 and June 1944, 41 were lend-leased, 3 were sold to our allies for cash, and 56 were delivered to our armed forces. Of every 100 planes, 15 were lend-leased, 3 sold to our allies, and 82 delivered to our Air Forces. www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/aha-history-and-archives/gi-roundtable-series/pamphlets/em-13-how-shall-lend-lease-accounts-be-settled-(1945)/how-much-of-what-goods-have-we-sent-to-which-allies

[@alluraambrose2978]

It's time for another Roosevelt. Both Teddy and Franklin were a godsend to the world.

[@stepbruv8780]

great video

[@DerPrinceps]

Nice Video, carry on!

[@geoffcartertheoreticalstru6484]

Looks like rationing is having an effect on Indy . . .

[@QuizmasterLaw]

hey! you're right! noticed he has lost some weight! Good job!

[@geoffcartertheoreticalstru6484]

@@QuizmasterLaw . . ersatz coffee, powdered egg, nights in the shelter - it all takes it's toll

[@QuizmasterLaw]

@@geoffcartertheoreticalstru6484 Everyone knows he is very handsome right? Ok the palor and fatigue is detracting but the weight loss is a real improvement. Spartacus is also glorious.

[@geoffcartertheoreticalstru6484]

@@QuizmasterLaw . . I would not describe either as distractedly pulchritudinous . . but who would? Obviously, I am far more with their vocal delivery, intonation and sincerity of tone, but clearly, if either of them develops scurvy that may effect the visual feast . . . .

[@opkb4e]

@@QuizmasterLaw Spartacus is a striking individual.

[@anastasakisdas3890]

In 1940s in Greece was a street called Franklin Roosevelt Street

[@Bobby-fj8mk]

The way America was able to produce so many military products in such vast quantities seems like a miracle. The technology was very advanced so how were they able to train so many workers? We would need 10 episodes to discuss 10 different industries to get some idea. The most interesting would be aircraft along with their engines and radio equipment. In those days it was the equivalent of making an alien spaceship. The B29 super fortress design and manufacture cost more than the Manhattan project.

[@Bobby-fj8mk]

@@nickdanger3802 - that's why it needs to be covered. It was the economy that won the war not all the little battles so often discussed.

[@apokalipsx25]

In some alternate reality a very smart Mussolini managed to get Lend-Lease help from USA. ))

[@El_Presidente_5337]

7:26 Hearts of Iron IV flashbacks

[@williamturner01]

I'd like to know more about that coffee cup and how I can get one.

[@WorldWarTwo]

It was a present to the TimeGhost crew and at the moment there's no way to get one

[@autokukk88]

It's interesting to see about how The US slowly gears for war, while helping others to buy time. It made me see a similar approach with the USSR (without helping others) about it's rearmament program and would like to see how the USSR are preparing themselves while at peace, even if Stalin doesn't believe in war with Germany. We have only seen glimpses about rearmament, and am curious how they got all those tanks, aircraft, guns put into such high gear, when it's been said its disorganized and lacks the material at this time.

[@Ravie1]

Given a lot of the numbers around lend lease to Russia, you could say the USSR's preparations wern't very fruitful. Look down the list of what got shipped to them from rail cars, to aluminum, to aviation fuel. They didn't rearm very well or very fast.

[@auguststorm2037]

@@Ravie1 Well considering they there just an destroyed agrarian country after WWI, the Soviets made a huge military modernization by the end of 30's

[@Aeyekay0]

Good video, and interesting to look into lend lease more

[@WorldWarTwo]

Thanks!

[@p03saucez]

My No4 MKI* is a Lend Lease rifle made right here in the good ole US of A by Savage Arms. You're welcome Britbongs.

[@TheBreadB]

When you get to the Bengal Famine of 1943, use the book "Hungry Bengal". It's a good source from an Indian historian.

[@aciduzzo]

Ah Lend Leasing, perhaps the best part of Heart of Iron 4

[@qpid8110]

Do I see Timeghost merchandise?! O.O!!!!

[@WorldWarTwo]

It's a timeghost-themed mug. It's not for sale yet though

[@doolittlegeorge]

The US Navy had had almost no role to play in World War 1. This would not be true of World War 2 and indeed FDR had previously been Secretary of the US Navy. There was an a remarkable *cat and mouse* game with the German Kreigsmarine in 1941 as a result.

[@fclp67]

Anyone ever feel disconnected from the world around them? How does one deal with it?

[@gianniverschueren870]

Well that's a tie for sure. Or a rose window, I'm not sure. 2.5/5

[@WorldWarTwo]

You kill us! Keep up the good work.

[@skeeterhoney]

Love the cup. You really should put a link to where to buy one in the video description. ...or you could just "lend" it to me.

[@harmen4436]

That mug is absolutely amazing

[@stevenrickett4333]

Ah. Lend lease. When you house is on fire and your neighbour sells you a hosepipe. But the cost is so high you have to mortgage your house. At least better than the Soviet Union who supplies 40% of the raw materials needed to attack you.

[@nickdanger3802]

Independently of the Lend-Lease Act, the United States took steps in March and April 1941 that made available to Great Britain about 2,000,000 additional tons of merchant shipping. Although American shipyards could yield little new tonnage for months to come, the United States seized 600,000 tons of Axis-owned and Danish-owned shipping then lying idle in American ports and turned the ships over to the British, and it succeeded in persuading the other American republics to follow suit. The government also took possession of ships engaged in coastwise traffic and intercoastal operations via the Panama Canal and put them into military service. On 11 April President. Roosevelt declared the Red Sea no longer a combat zone, thus permitting American shipping to replace British in carrying materials by way of South Africa to the Middle East. The government also used its best efforts to secure ship repair facilities for damaged British merchant craft in private American shipyards. 6 The United States gave other highly important and immediate aid to Great Britain during March 1941 when it opened American naval and private shipyards to damaged British warships. Lend-lease funds paid for the cost of their repair. The first damaged British warship steamed into New York Harbor [102] on 19 March. By opening its shipyards to British naval vessels, the United States helped to strengthen Britain's means of protecting merchant shipping in the North Atlantic, and therefore the move provided an additional method of cutting British ship losses.7 CHAPTER V The Atlantic Crisis of 1941 page

[@jesuscat3884]

Where can we buy that mug?

[@WorldWarTwo]

They're not for sale right now but maybe at some point in the future!

[@darthchu48darth92]

It’s Ewan McGregors birthday today.

[@yourstruly4817]

Another happy landing

[@currahee1782]

Happy Birthday to General Kenobi

[@darthchu48darth92]

Fut Is Our Life General Kenobi! You are a bold one

[@liammorris6412]

So uncivilised

[@Sakai070]

He-177 and Lancaster in the back, love em

[@WorldWarTwo]

Good eye

[@fumblerooskie]

I think you need to talk about the role of BSC, which was so important in getting the US into the war.

[@Sheehan1]

Well .. Pearl Harbor and Hitler’s declaration of war were probably more important ..

[@Sheehan1]

@Rick K British Security Coordination - a secret British intelligence and propaganda organisation devoted to “persuade” America to join the war: en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Security_Co-ordination

[@empowl1607]

@@Sheehan1 You should read his declaration of war. It's very eye-opening, it's also very censored and almost impossible to find on Google now.

[@Sheehan1]

@Mr. Powell A disastrous strategic miscalculation, the height of lunatic hubris. IF Moscow had been captured and IF the Red Army had been broken and IF Stalin had been killed or captured; then it might have been plausible statesmanship. But in fact it was the emotional reaction of a dilettante bohemian bullshitter. FDR’s unprovoked aggression against the Reich during 1941 would have come rapidly to an end. Instead Hitler pointlessly handed him the perfect opportunity to focus America’s military-industrial effort on killing millions of Europeans

In the 4 June 1941 normal episode are you going to talk about kaiser's death?

[@WorldWarTwo]

If he dies, we will, but who knows the future...

[@Jodonho]

Maybe you should do an episode on the conspiracy theories that were ubiquitous during World War II.

[@empowl1607]

We know the power behind Roosevelt..

[@WorldWarTwo]

@Mr. Powell Please enlighten us

[@WorldWarTwo]

Thanks for the suggestion!

[@empowl1607]

@@WorldWarTwo It's a quote from Hitler's declaration of war on the USA.

[@stephen1137]

There were no conspiracy theories before 1945. Up to that time everything was done with a refreshing transparency. There were no secret accords and everybody observed a stringent adherence to honesty passed on from time immemorial from the first foraged berry bush to the streets of Shedet, Damascus, Byzantium and Rome, all of their peoples and rulers unwearied in the exercise of innocence and moral rectitude. And anybody who says different is just a conspiracy theorist.

[@victorbruant389]

How to end Depression 1.01

[@Sheehan1]

Rearmament, baby!

[@Sheehan1]

@Michael Martin True, the US has been running a permanent war economy ever since

[@alphamikeomega5728]

@Zs Games Still, for most developed countries it's below 2%.

[@Rushking20]

AlphaMikeOmega lots are above 2% also

[@subscribeorsus6862]

@Michael Martin war didn't end. Cold war followed buddy

[@Nelson-gs9yv]

Why is there a P-51 Mustang with PLAAF markings in the thumbnail

[@I_am_Kamelot]

9:42 “you’ve got an email.”

[@JasonIsTheManWithThePlan]

If the cash and carry prevision didn't expire in '39 would we have sold military equipment to Japan? Would they have purchased any from us? I highly doubt it would have kept us from changing their decision in '41 to attack pearl harbor, but it would have helped their aggression in China.

[@ethanpogue6121]

Didn’t expect to see silver legion footage. Neat

[@roybennett6330]

Britain also send supplies to the USSR, tanks,trucks,great coats,planes, and much more

[@nickdanger3802]

1934 Johnson Debt Default Act Many governments allied with the United States during World War I subsequently defaulted on their debts. In response, on this day in 1934, Congress passed the Johnson Debt Default Act. The law barred those nations from negotiating any further loans until they had repaid their debts in full.

[@sigurdueland5194]

Remember at the outbreak of WW2 Norway had the 4th biggest merchant fleet in the world.

[@bartdecoucke7708]

What's that mug you have on your table and where do I buy it?

[@billyboots14]

The British also gave the US a naval base in Newfoundland in that trade for 50 destroyers. That is where the Atlantic Charter was later signed between Roosevelt and Churchill.

[@tomhussey4511]

In addition to two Air Force bases, so three total (Naval Station Argentia, Harmon Air Force Base Stephenville, and Pepperrell Air Force Base St. John’s)

[@millow2120]

Why is no one talking about the Arthur Weasley vibes, he's learning about the muggles

[@Warmaker01]

FDR was doing some serious tightrope dancing in these years.

[@Paerigos]

You know how Rooswelt did not want to give british any ships before Chuchill ordered French fleet sunk in Mers El Kebir...

[@ZER0ZER0SE7EN]

Destroyers for bases had the added benefit that Britain no longer had the duty of patrolling the Caribbean Sea, the US assumed this task, which allowed Britain to patrol the Atlantic with their existing ships plus 50 old US destroyers.

[@nickdanger3802]

"Over the whole period from March 1941 to September 1945, the balance in favour of the United States in the mutual aid books24 was in round terms about $21,000 millions. But by the settlement of 1945 Britain was required to pay no more than $650 millions, or £162 millions sterling." page 547 Hyperwar British War Economy

[@nickdanger3802]

British War Purchases, U.S.A. HC Deb 14 December 1944 vol 406 c1363W1363W §Mr. Craven-Ellis asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer whether he will inform the House what were the dollar amounts spent by this country for war purposes in the U.S.A. from the outbreak of war up to the effective application of the Lend-Lease Act, 1941; and if there is any possibility of a retroactive working of Lend-Lease or its equivalent. §Sir J. Anderson As stated in the second paragraph of the Report on Mutual Aid published in November, 1943 (Cmd. 6483), we had, up to that date, spent some £1,500,000,000 in the United States since the outbreak of war on supplies of all kinds. The greater part of this expenditure was incurred in connection with contracts placed before the application of the Lend-Lease Act. As regards the last part of the Question I have nothing to add to the statement made by the Prime Minister on 30th November last.

[@nickdanger3802]

LEND-LEASE AND RECIPROCAL AID HC Deb 16 October 1945 vol 414 cc943-4W943W Sir R. Glyn asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer how much value in dollars under the reverse Lend-Lease total of 5,600,000,000, came from the British Commonwealth and Empire; how much from the United Kingdom; and how much from all the rest of the Allies jointly. Mr. Dalton Of this total $3,797,000,000 was in respect of reverse Lend-Lease from the United Kingdom and Colonies, $1,498,000,000 from the Dominions (not including Canada) and India and $305,000,000 from the rest of the Allies.

[@deangelocarter9180]

US: I don’t want to fight in a another war. UK, France, Germany, Italy, USSR: OK Japan: Don’t care, didn’t ask.

[@QuizmasterLaw]

mar-key is the male form (marquis. sometimes spelled marquise) marquesse is the female form (mar-kess). 6:18 Per Cambridge correct pronunciation of marquess is markwess. dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/marquess

[@QuizmasterLaw]

@Joakim von Anka hey thanks! that's interesting.

[@QuizmasterLaw]

@Joakim von Anka dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/marquess Is pronounced per Cambridge as markwess. This appears to be yet another anglo corruption of a French term. The term originates however from the same root as "Marches/Mark" as indicating a landholding (which is Saxon, not French). Thus "the warden of the northern marches" for example, but also in other place names like Finnmark, Denmark; the German term Margrave (spelling?) is related (Mark-graf). I just can't abide when a masculine term is given the feminine pronunciation. I presumed Indy was trying to pronounce "marquis" (M) as opposed to "marquesse" (F) and not "marquess". He still mispronounced it, just not the way I thought. God am i pedantic.

[@QuizmasterLaw]

@Joakim von Anka i am polyglotter than thou. dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/marchioness?q=MARCHIONESS includes pronunciation w/sound generation. In German "von" is a noble title, apparently not in Dutch? Because von is much more frequent in Dutch names than German ones (van, too). Explain?

[@endurovro]

“Neutrality”

[@11Kralle]

Is there a mug with phoning-Indy and the same mug (depicting Indy and the mug as well) printed on it?

[@WorldWarTwo]

No

[@F1pidis]

I am not into politics but one has to admit that Roosevelt handled the global developments to America's interest with remarkable charisma, grit and success. The USA were definitely one of the largest economies at the time but through Roosevelt's management they turned into a world leading force. One can only argue that the strike at Pearl Harbour came at just the right time for US to also enter the war.....

[@WorldWarTwo]

He was elected four times. Must have done something right.

[@nickdanger3802]

Top 15 Countries By GDP (1600-2019) kzbin.info/www/bejne/rpOYq4yBjqtmjtE

[@nickdanger3802]

Pearl Harbor

[@labert2989]

nice mug you got there