The Gendarms: Medieval French Cavalry or Modern Police?

[@metatronyt]

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[@kelluke.]

oh no.

[@Boselaphus]

What no

[@aliceinwonder2106]

No KZbinr can resist raids shadow legands

[@Arabelcz]

Hello can you talk about chevau-léger, which was a type of french troop from this period (more during Wars of Italy) and which is more lightly protected than gendarms but also interresting

[@otakunthevegan4206]

I just found your fantastic channel recently, I love history always been a passion and you make fantastic videos with great effort put into research. So it's a shame Raid Shaddow Casino got to you too xD

[@AaronThePony]

Evolution of the Gendarme companies and their equipment is what I'm working on in my current historical article. Super hyped to see this notification!

[@shinobi-no-bueno]

What a surprise 🤣

[@leoprzytuac3660]

I'm doing tha same but with winged hussars. Really difficult to get detailed info on their equipement pre 17th century

[@adibar9066]

@@leoprzytuac3660 when I cant find anything on the internet it is always good to go an old book storage, or ask an expert.

[@not-a-theist8251]

Username checks out

[@leoprzytuac3660]

@@adibar9066 Yeah! after an intense night of research, I found a book on ebay called "Husarze: Ubiór, oporządzenie i uzbrojenie 1500-1775" (Polish winged hussars: dress, equipment, arms and armor 1500-1775). The thing is... It's only in Polish, which I don't know, only my last name is polish. So now I'm gonna learn polish to read that book XD

[@SS55075]

16:34. My physics isn't the best but I'll give it a go The cavalry charge is about 500 m (I just googled this so I have no idea, for perspective a little over a lap on a field track) and the total weight is about 800 kilos, speed is 40 km/hr(11 m/s). The momentum is quite colossal (mass * average velocity in m/s) at around 8800 kg*m/s. Then the momentum is always conserved, and our target is about 80 kilos (based on video), and the horse slows down to 8 m/s (again an estimate) when the knight hits the target. By conservation of momentum, the speed of the target deflected backwards when hit should be around (8800 - 800*8)/80 or about 30 m/s (70 mph I think). That's like getting hit by a car on a highway (what we call it in the US) assuming the car sudden breaks when it crashes into something. Though I am most certainly wrong on this estimate as I am missing a lot of factors/arithmetic errors possibly.

[@cyrilscordia9565]

Close enought... The top speed was at the last 25 meter and the horse +rider mass Closer to 750 kilo ... The lancé was désignéd for a certains amount of " charge" before broke for thé rider shoulder etc safety ( like polish hussard Gear is programméd : some sort of leather Spring system and planned broken lancé )

[@namelessmidnight]

Those calculations are only accurate if the charging lancer stops completely by passing all the kinetic energy to his target - similar to how billiard balls act. In reality it will be much more complex, the gendarme will keep moving after the hit, a lot of energy will be spend on deforming the target (which is the end goal, also known as "killing that guy") and breaking the lance itself. In the end, no flying back at 30 m/s will happen, and the poor soul will most probably be pushed back a few meters at roughly the same speed as the horse before falling and being finished by stumping over him.

[@oinossolo6219]

@@namelessmidnight We should take into consideration that all this force is applied on a few mm² at the tip of the lance, so it's probably going to cause puncturation and go through the poor guy that might be dragged over a few meters, skewered at the tip of the lance. I don't know wether knights had found a way of retrieving their lance from the body 'en passant'.

[@afinoxi]

"I'm a sucker for elves. So what I'm trying to do is , I'm trying to get as many elves as possible." -Metatron , 2021.

[@philemon26]

He has a good taste.

[@davefekete7187]

Metatron is a Elveeaboo lool

[@davidcruz8667]

Yep, I'm quite partial to female elves myself. Groovy.

[@davefekete7187]

@@philemon26 in terms of what? 😆

[@positroll7870]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/jZybmGl5rrScqck

[@Knoloaify]

About the lance system, the Gendarmes and mercenaries. From what I've read, when Charles VII created the Gendarmes, he invited local mercenaries and hired them into his army. That's also when he created the "morte-payes" who were garrison soldiers. That allowed the Kingdom of France to deal with the issue of banditry that was plaguing the country by employing some of those jobless mercenaries, and using them to fight banditry by creating the Maréchaussé. And another interesting point : Gendarmes or "Gens d'Armes" means "Men-at-Arms". So the Gendarmes themselves weren't really a new thing as they had been operating as mercenaries and part of retinues for a while, what was new was the proffessional army and police force they were a part of.

[@Gilbrae]

In French, the "arms" (les armes) also designate at the end of the 14th century all or part of the armor or equipment of a man of war, but also all the heraldic signs, coats of arms which appear on the shield (l'écu) of a noble family or city, which identifies the wearer as noble or related to nobility.

[@marcmonnerat4850]

The _grandes compagnies_, who had no employers in times of peace, ravaged the country, pillaging and killing like mad. Names such as _écorcheurs_ (skinners) give an idea of their practice.

[@spiffygonzales5160]

"Mercenaries were often trouble in times of peace." *Happy Prussian noises*

[@pandasniper1]

mercenaries got to get paid too.

[@loicduchange4429]

@Zeno the Filipino no they wouldn't the french have many ways to deal with prussian mercenarys like for exemple the foreigne legion that exactly what it was created for

[@Kannot2023]

@@loicduchange4429 Legion étrangère wasn't created by king Louis Phillipe de Orleans to fight in colonial wars?

[@loicduchange4429]

@@Kannot2023 they were created from prusian mercenarys to keep them of the streets of paris then were later on used to carve an empire for France out of the 10 % of the know world

[@nicbahtin4774]

Good old professional citizen army, nothing beats that

[@bunnyonabunwithagunnicepun5689]

Really reminds me of the phrase "the more things change, the more they stay the same." It's very interesting to see the design changes of armor throughout history, and see how they changed and what themes were deemed necessary! Thanks for the video!

[@Vicus_of_Utrecht]

There's nothing new under the Sun.

[@positroll7870]

1) It might have been useful to mention what gendarm actually means in French ... gens d'armes = men at arms. 2) Some 17th century cuirassier breastplates could be made of up to three integrated plates, and could even stop musket balls at a reasonable distance. Those were darn expensive, though, and you'd normally only find them with nobles / officers ...

[@phunkracy]

They were tested against pistols and bandolets in point blank range. They'd fire it at the cuirass, leaving a mark, a "proof". Hence the term "bulletproof".

[@positroll7870]

@@phunkracy That's also true of the standard, mass produced ones the normal cuirassiers or even pikemen were using. I am talking about a specific high end product.

[@TentaclePentacle]

just call them praetorian guards

[@metatronyt]

I did Say It means men at arms

[@positroll7870]

@@metatronyt Then I need to clean my ears ... :(

[@seleukosnikator7347]

Always good to see. Nice pronounciation of the French words. It's funny to see lance for exemple. In Switzerland we have another funny word. Bataille. It's of course the same as battaglia but it also means a square of 6000-7000 foot soldiers. So we can say that there are 3 batailles during this bataille. Maybe the words became bataillon in later centuries.

[@morriganmhor5078]

It is also known from medieval English as battle, for example first battle acting as vanguard, last battle as rear-guard and the third (or more) as main body of the army.

[@russko118]

in italian you could say it's a battaglione, so they are ralated there too

[@plumebrise4801]

Bataillon in French

[@LeVraiPoio]

"at around roughly 40 kiloGRAMS / hours speed. I'm not specially good at physics" This made me smile so much I have trouble believing it was genuine. :D

[@Goldenleyend]

I thought italians had a weird unit system where kilograms per hour was a thing 😂

[@Makofueled]

@@Goldenleyend it's a measure of energy usage where it's how much fuel a given object would require if on a flat surface with no friction and powered only by the stored caloric energy of that many kg of pizza to travel a given distance.

[@Goldenleyend]

@@Makofueled 😂😂🤣

[@Sublimeoo]

i legit think he meant to say 40km/hour for the horse speed.

[@LeVraiPoio]

@@Sublimeoo obviously :)

[@Altrantis]

14:00 Assuming constant value for silver, meaning if you were to exchange them for USD currency today, those 120 livre would be worth around 8000 American dollars. I calculated that, assuming a constant or current value of silver, a Livre Tounois is worth 67 USD.

[@badgamemaster]

Metatron, could you make a video about watchmen/city guards in middel ages worked. How were they trained and armed and so on.

[@Apokalypse456]

are you looking for any city in particular? because they were not uniform, not even with neighbouring cities.

[@brittakriep2938]

Depends also on the size of a fortified town. Could be a large capital of a kingdom, but also a very small settlement ( for example Zavelstein in german Black Forrest).

[@kommissarkillemall2848]

.. and especially the Watchmen of Ankh-Morpork. now that would be an amazing story.. XD

[@jabenkleefman9867]

finally The Gendarms I've been waiting for this for a long time you're a great man metatron you're doing good keep up the good work

[@player0851]

Something I would like to point put is that even though the unit has changed their lance for a pistol it doesn’t mean that their shock role has changed, te power and range of the pistol was just enough to give it enough distance to stay relatively safe from the pikemen but their role was still the same of trying to break enemy formations, albeit on a slower mode. That’s why the caracole appears, the continuous cycle of shooting to the front of the pikemen could be enough to break the formation. Also it’s important to notice that the pistol gave the possibility to these units to have more than one “main gun” because you could carry more than one pistol, sometimes up to 7 and also carry your saber or heavy sword around

[@petarkresimirkrizmanic8206]

16:34 Here goes nothing. TL,DR imagine being stabbed with a motorcycle 1) let's round up the full weight of the horse and rider(800kg), and the diameter of a lance tip to the diameter of a ping pong ball(38mm) 2) we need the area of effect which we get from (A = π r²) and comes out to 1134.1149 3) Now the time. AVG racehorse weight 650kg and time(1/4mile or 402m) is 20.57 so I added a guarter to the time( (20.57÷4)+20.57 ) to get 25.71sec . We add 18.75% more weight(rider and gear) making the horse 18.75% slower then AVG and get a time of 30.53sec and the speed of the horse upon impact should be around 65km/h. 4) We take all that and we plug it into the formula for acceleration a = Δv / Δt and we get 2.1290m/s^2 5) Force of impact F = ma 800kg * 2.1290m/s^2 =1,703.2N applied to an area of 1134.1149 comes out to 1,5018 pascals

[@BaltazarSMZ]

So it hurts. Got it

[@not-a-theist8251]

Ekin= 1/2 mv^2 so an 800kg knight moving 40km/h (11 m/s) generates about 48400 Joule. As a comparison a 9mm handgun has between 500 and 700 Joule (according to wikipedia)

[@yaltsyaboi7489]

Nothing compared to a pommel throw

[@alvaroasi]

Wikipedia: a .50 BMG (heavy machine gun) is rated "only" 18.000 to 20.000 and is able to make disappear an arm or your head. Literally.

[@Fullerite_]

I'd say from the side of physics this is a very very and very rough comparison...

[@KalashVodka175]

Shouldn’t we take into consideration the surface of impact? Cause sure that 9mm suddenly seems ridiculously weak compared to that knight, but all of this energy is contained within a projectile barely the size of your upper ring finger

[@Glegionar]

As usual this video was amazing and the informations given to us are a lot. Thank you! Having said that, I have a request. Nobody talks about the late eastern roman empire army. I mean, in the 900/1000 AD how was the army of the Roman empire? How was it composed? what was a Thema? How many men were in the army? How was their equipment and so on and so forth. I really don't understand why nobody talks about this period of the Roman army and I know for sure it would come out a nice series of videos and, having the Metatron making this series, would be stellar. So please Metatron, help me (us?) quench this thirst of knowledge!

[@agingerbeard]

I always learn something new. Keep up the amazin work and keep getting those sponsors, you really deserve the support!

[@yeahminecraft1627]

A horse + rider + equipment weighing 800 Kg, going about 10 m/s (conservative gallop) has 8000 kgm/s of momentum. We're gonna have to make a lotta assumptions here w/o actual measurements, so im going to make a lower estimate and be conservative with the numbers. If we assume it takes maybe 1/2 second for the lance to slow down as it hits the person, and maybe take an 80% efficiency of force transfer with the point (as it will knock the target back as well) then you have an impulse of 6400 kgm/s, so with Impulse (delta momentum) = delta time * force, you get 12.8 KN of force. Now, what actually does damage to material is pressure, and that's what you get by concentrating ALL that force onto the tip of a lance. Now, again let's be conservative and not assume it's the world's sharpest lance, and say it has a tip area of 1/4 square millimeter (1/2 millimeter squared). That's 51.2 MEGApascals of pressure. Atmospheric pressure is about 100 KPa of pressure for comparison. Now, that's a conservative estimate, which via a quick search for the tenstile strength of various steels (between 400-800 MPa), that still couldn't quite penetrate it, but it depends on the thickness, angle, etc. Now these assumptions may be off so take the numbers with a grain of salt, but the main takeaway is that IT'S A LOT of pressure even with my conservative estimate.

[@dancemoves777]

In life three things are certain. Death, taxes, and raid shadow legends ads

[@MarcLombart]

Interesting note, here in Canada our national police is also Gendarmes. In English the force is the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, in French, la Gendaramie Royal du Canada.

[@michelguevara151]

gendarmes : medieval french cavalry or modern police? yes.

[@cernunnos5727]

I've been waiting for this video for ages

[@eyeballpapercut4400]

Me sleepy eyed read the title as "Gundams Medieval"

[@arx3516]

That would be Mazinger.

[@emmitstewart1921]

That covers the medieval and renaissance gendarme. Now we need to know how the modern era gendarme developed, what equipment he uses, and what tactics he has developed.

[@vathek5958]

Well he touched on it a little. By the Napoleonic Wars, the term was used for an elite unit of the Imperial Guard who primarily operated as military police (nicknamed ‘the immortals’ as they rarely saw action in battle). During the Napoleonic Wars, such units were spread around Western Europe as countries Napoleon subjugated followed his administrative system. After the wars, most of these countries kept these units as specialised military police, so they were no longer military units.

[@pisipart2026]

Raid: AIDS Legends ad ends at 3:18

[@marcelogonzalez8547]

This very video on itself is a question I asked myself for a long time now. Thanks.

[@comlitbeta7532]

16:30 40kg/h Haaa yes the kilogram per houre, a true gentelmen speed unite

[@jvp1286]

Kinetic energy = (mass * velocity^2) / 2. Given a mass of 800 kg at a velocity of 40 km/h = 11.1111 m/s the energy will be (800 * 11.1111^2) /2, or 49,382.7 Joules. If we assume it takes one second for all the momentum to be transferred, Force = momentum / time = (mass * velocity) / time = (800 * 11.1111) / 1 = 8,888.88 Newtons or roughly the weight of 3 average male grizzles if they weigh 620 pounds each. If we also assume that all that force is concentrated in an area of 2 * 2 = 4 cm^2 = 0.0004 m^2 then Pressure = Force / Area = 8,888.88 / 0.0004 = 22,222,200 Pascals, or 2000 times the pressure of earth's atmosphere.

[@deathcompanybattlebrother]

Isn't force supposed to be mass multiplied by acceleration?

[@jvp1286]

@@deathcompanybattlebrother Yes, but more fundamentally it's the derivative of the momentum with respect to time, or in this situation the change in momentum divided by the time in which it changed. Force = linear momentum/time, and because linear momentum = mass * velocity = mass * distance/time then force = mass * distance/time^2. Knowing that acceleration = distance/time^2 then we end up with force = mass * acceleration.

[@MemphiStig]

The idea of the bureaucratic unit, the Lance, makes a lot of sense. i haven't heard of it before, tho it seems somehow like i should. organizing what is expected of vassal lords in this way is very smart, but i would assume the types of individual units trained together, since they fought together. i'd like to hear about that sometime too. tiny correction on a minor note: 13:48 *paid Excellent as always. Keep flying high!

[@Lttlemoi]

Don't forget the fabled Gendarme unit from Saint-Tropez, formed in the first half of the nineteen sixties.

[@discounthistorychannel7292]

Yes a Metatron upload! Excited for the video, sir!

[@LewisFawley]

I think a video about the Marechaussée would be very interesting, or types of medieval law enforcer in general.

[@masonclark9110]

Interesting to see you talk about such a topic

[@teofiloljubisavljevic7943]

13:48 just wanted to point out a little mistake there. Talking about "paied"

[@teofiloljubisavljevic7943]

@H0T-Vlog Go to My Channel no ur not, but you are another s*x scam profile. Honestly im kinda sick of it.

[@morganmcallister2001]

16:24 "Imagine all of this weight concentrated into the tip of a lance at around I want to say roughly 40 kilograms per hour speed. Well I'm not really good at physics so I'm not going to calculate it exactly." kg/hour hmmm... You don't say. JK I know what you meant. It's just little things like this that keep the Metatron human like the rest of us instead of ascending into a higher plane and leaving us here. LOL

[@swaggstang1]

I was going to say the same thing but stopped bc he speaks English a hella lot better than I do Corsican, Italian, Japanese…lol

[@hallod1]

What an insteresting topic, finally a video sbout the history of the Gendarmerie..

[@Altrantis]

14:00 Assuming constant value for silver, meaning if you were to exchange them for USD currency today, those 120 livre would be worth around 8000 American dollars.

[@tamaghnosaha2520]

U have to comments mentioning the same thing, the other one being more informative. Just bringing to ur attention, tht u might wanna delete this one.

[@Altrantis]

@@tamaghnosaha2520 Hm, sometimes youtube does that. I don't think I can delete comments that have been responded to though. I think when I edited it it just made another post.

[@tamaghnosaha2520]

@@Altrantis Once, I actually saw 7 comments by the same guy. Also, I now k tht u can't delete comments tht have been responded to.

[@LeonidasSparta-Fun-History]

Excellent video! Amazing work.

[@janetmackinnon3411]

So informative. Thank you

[@DesingitTime]

your french is actually impressively good

[@ravenguard0098]

Ironically enough I used to spam these guys in Medieval 2 total war as a rebel or straggler suppression group while I use Lancers in my main armies to conquer and expand. I always thought of them as THE French knight like the Gothic Knight is for the HRE/germans curious to see how different knights are for each nation culturally.

[@theamericancristero7390]

Yup, a Huge city produced army of pikes, arquesbuses, mounted archers and gendarmes was inferior to Citadel produced army of dismounted noble knights, aventuier crossbowmen, and lancers, but for suppressing rebels a "regiment" (around 10 companies, or units) of a middling general, 6 gendarmes, and 4 mounted archers, could get places quickly and handle most pissant rebel forces handily, with the benefit of being re trainable at any huge city. I always found expanding with fuedal armies difficult, bc it was predicated on a campaign terminating in capturing a citadel, so earlier on I generally prefer using militia units in a 20 unit stack.

[@kevinalmgren8332]

When I played Empire, I’d use Gendarmes as a kind of border police in Eastern Europe against small incursions of Polish and Russian armies. Usually they were pretty effective for that

[@TomaszDurlej]

A little question about Lance. Isn’t possible they deploy Lance to “secure king interest”, i mean single Lance or two to doing police stuff? Gendarmerie is what make lot of confusion in my child days during watching French movies. In Poland Police is police, Gendarmerie (formal Military Gendarmerie, but no one it’s using full name) is military police.

[@Thelizardviking]

7:35 Were squires non-combatants? I always thought squires would fight alongside their master in battle. I stand corrected.

[@martytu20]

Makes sense though. Knights can be ransomed, while soldiers are not valuable enough in terms of time and money. Squires are future knights. Too much time was sunk in to train them, while their ransom gets them nothing.

[@EvilTwinn]

I'm hardly an expert on this, but from my understanding is that it would depend. A younger squire, probably not. If the squire was older and closer to being knighted, he'd probably fight as equipped and required.

[@shorewall]

@@EvilTwinn Yeah, that's how I see it as well. In the Knight track, up until 16 you were a Page, and kept the knight's stuff, and held his backup horse, and didn't fight. At 16, you became a Squire and would help arm the knight and accompany him and perhaps fight. And then around 21 you would be knighted.

[@dilocorp4294]

Enfin quelqu’un qui en parle, c’est vraiment pas trop documenté même en français

[@Ian_Carolan]

Interesting. But wouldn't there be some good documentation at the BNF?

[@dilocorp4294]

@@Ian_Carolan probably but you need to have time and patience for found information, and live next to paris

[@-Bile-]

Stellar intro!

[@xavierzimmer4506]

Love your stuff and your work From France

[@randomsketchystuff5572]

Video I'm watching: here's a sponsor for today me: its raid shadow Legends video: its raid Shadow Legends me: dies inside💀💀💀

[@Uteuschmidth]

As French, I don't even know this History Thank you Metatron :D By the way : Gendarme is a contraction of "Gens" and "d'arme" which means People equiped with weapons. We can translate it to Man at arms PS : I like your funny accent when you speak French :))

[@jeanvonestling7408]

For some linguistical mutation reason in Polish 'żandarm' which comes from 'gendarm' are not militarasied police but military police (as in soldiers who police other soldiers who have only limited authority over civilians).

[@mael9479]

When filming, is dubbing used? Voice overlay.

[@cyrilscordia9565]

"Pierre de Terrail intensify"

[@T2266]

7:50 Hey it's coustilier, I recognize that word, thanks DE.

[@combatraptor4592]

Would you ever consider doing any videos on the 30 years war? It might not be as old as you normally cover but I would like to see what you have to say about the armor and weapons of the time

[@rcfokker1630]

Look up Henry V111's 'tonlet armour' ... made for the Field of the Cloth of Gold. This armor has a metal skirt.

[@MrMetonicus]

Interesting. Can you do one on the difference between Shire Reeves, and Sheriffs?

[@TheAurelianProject]

A video about law enforcement in medieval England would be pretty cool

[@brittakriep2938]

Attention! Up to 18th century the caliber of pistols was smaller than muskets. Also many of wheellock and early flintlock pistols had longer barrels than later flintlock pistols. So small caliber, long and strong barrel with strong powder charge: penetration! Later in 18th bodyarmour disappeared, for logistic resons ( same ball for pistol and musket) and low powder charge: enough for an unarmoured ememy.

[@beowulf.reborn]

Why did Heavy Cavalry seem to decline so quickly in the West at the same time that the Winged Hussars seemed to enjoy near endless victories during their "Golden Age" in the East?

[@beowulf.reborn]

@D Anemon From my (admittedly limited) research, the Golden Age of the Hussars lasts from 1577 to 1683. However, from what I have been able to find, the use of fully armoured heavy Cavalry (especially those who employed Lances), declined rapidly in the West during the 1500's, and by 1600 the Lance seems to have been (for the most part) abandoned, and full Plate Armour had been replaced with Three Quarters Armour. If I am wrong about this, and you can point me to accounts of 17th century, fully armoured Cavalry, leading charges whilst armed with lances, I'd be very happy to check them out.

​​@danemon8423First of all, firearms began to be used at the end of the 15th century and it was the arquebus that ended the use of traditional Shock cavalry already in the first decades of the 16th century. When in 1568, the Spanish general called the Duke of Alba popularized the use of muskets in the war against the Dutch rebels, the cavalry that was used were the "Retiers", which was cavalry with pistols as Metatron says; so it is incorrect to say that Louis XIV was the one who introduced the musketeers, since they were more than a century old, what evolved was the number of musketeers that were on the field in battle and the cavalry in the times of the Sun King was the shock cavalry with sabers and armor (which does not disappear thanks to him as you say, since this type of cavalry continued to be used even in the Napoleonic Wars and it was the evolution of the Retiers), the winged Hussars being an exception at the time, which ended up becoming the so-called Lancers (a unit apart from light cavalry with lances).

[@TryChillBalloo]

thanks for bringing back a bit of burgundian research and for sharing you knowledge! would be intrested in burgundian history and army organisations

[@cahallo5964]

Gendarms here in Chile is a militarised police that are usually heavily armoured (modern armour) that exclusively patrol prisons. Funny how our armed forces are a mix of Europeans forces in terms of naming and structure, our army is prussian, our navy is british and our police is italian (carabineros)

[@TruePirateKing12]

Interesting. I have often wondered how the transition from melee weapons to guns would affect Calvary.

[@shieldwallofdragons]

Great video...Looks like you are building up quite the armory in your abode...now you just need a piles of gold and a stone throne to brood upon.

[@papyshak]

We need a video about the history of full plate and early guns use, how armour became obsolete and maybe the last time full plate knights entered battle

[@philvanderlaan5942]

And here I thought a lance was a platoon of 4 BattleMechs

[@pacorbel43]

"Esprit de corps" is not only the moral of a unit it is at the same time a conception of the cohesion of unit.

[@mustardjar3216]

In turkey we have gendarmes (jandarma in turkish) and they are the law enforcement of the rural regions while the police are responsible with urban regions. In peace times they are controlled by the ministry of interior however in war times they are transfered to the military control

[@avi1enkin]

With regards to physics. Assuming: Mass of horse rider and equipment of 800 kg. Velocity of charge of 40 km per hour= 11.11 meters per second. Distance of deceleration one rank of foot soldiers 0.5m Force = mass * acceleration Acceleration in this case being the rate of speed reduction required to stop in the specified distance. 11.11(velocity)/0.5(distance of deceleration)=acceleration=22.22 We will plug that back into Newton's equation F = ma F= 800*22.22=17,776 (n) In order to find the pressure the Lance head would be inflicting upon a Target we need to divide the force in Newtons (17,776) by the cross sectional area of the Lance (which I can't find) i will assume a cone with a base of 2.2 CM radius. Giving us a cross-section of 15.205 square centimeters 17,776/15.205=1,169.089 Newton's per square centimeter (Force divided by area) Kinetic force = 0.5*m*v*v =49,372.84 Joule of energy That's equivalent to almost 12 g of TNT. Of course in reality these forces would be hard to achieve due to friction and the elastic nature of the components of the system.

[@avi1enkin]

en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_tensile_strength

[@noneofyourbusiness3288]

In Austria in rural ares we still use "Gendarmerie" as a word for police. Originally it was its own unit of rural-police. It has long been abolished, but the name stuck.

[@markolajesic7359]

Another great educational video, thank you. I have an idea I'd like to pitch to you. Would you consider making a video about great fire in Rome in 64AD? A lot of controversies surround that tragic event.

[@gotyoubitch1628]

The pictures of the XVIth and XVIIth centuries are exchanged. Fashion and attire-wise, the one attributed to the 1500s is from the 1600s, whereas the one attributed to the 1600s is clearly from the second half of the 1500s.

[@shakall-9811]

Nice video , once more . What happens to the lance once it has struck its target? Does it break , get stuck into the target(s body? Has to be thrown away creating more obstacles on the ground? Enjoy your flight :P

[@Sublimeoo]

mass (m) of knight + horse is ~950kg approx speed (v) of a charge 15-20km/h (4.16m/s - 5.55m/s) momentum (p) of a charging wars horse therefore 3952 kg m/s to 5272.5 kg m/s and the kinetic energy (KE) of that would be 1/2 m v^2 which is 8220 Joules - 14600 Joules for reference 7.62x39 bullets range from 2056 J to 2179 J .308Nato range from 3470J to 3562J 50 calibre bullet ranges from 17952 J to 20195 J tl;dr getting hit by a lancer is worse than getting shot by typical modern rifle rounds but not quite as bad as a 50cal

[@danthiel8623]

Oh raid shadow legends could you rank them on realism

[@kyomademon453]

The french: our gendarmes will rule all of Europe in the battlefield The Spanish: that we use pikes they say

[@pougetguillaume4632]

French at marignan: pikes? cute

[@Andreas-ww5eg]

@@pougetguillaume4632 Marignano was the bloodiest battle of the Italian wars. So bloody in fact that it prompted Switzerland to not go to war against any country after that battle. The Swiss were really motivated but they were poorly armoured and their favorite tactic was to charge in large pike blocks. They had few arquebusiers/crossbowmen inside their ranks and they were shot to pieces in Marignano, Cerignola and Biccoca.

[@tibsky1396]

Face of war had changed. It had become more pragmatic.

[@comso3632]

What is your favourite medieval helmet

[@JETWTF]

The reason for the lance being a group like that is to maintain balance, the right amount of each type of soldier. Forming a new unit you just move the lances to it and you have all the roles filled.

[@shaidrim]

“Gendarmes” simply mean man-at-arms (gens d’armes or gent d’armes)

[@GIBunz]

Those guns look cartoonishly awesome.

[@americohagim1131]

Btw what are your sources for Gendarms? I wanted to look up more about them I’ve been interested in them ever since playing MK1212ad and they’re like the stereotypical “romantic knight” and they look cool af!

[@jovegajo]

Metatrom, you should do a video about the Medieval Roman Tagmata!

[@heraldofthemetalgods2620]

Skipping Raid P2W Legends is the best part of the video. 3:50

[@irsichzobor1594]

About the energy for Gendarme. 20 km/h is a more realistic speed. Also heavy horse of that time were shorter and lighter than 18th century horse. I would say a 550kg average is a good medium point. So a 700 horse+Gendarme in a charge at 20km/h would give (5,55m/s)*700/2 = 10802J at the point of the lance. There would be some energy loss somewhere but even with a 30% loss of efficiency that still over 7000J when a full power battle rifle fromm WWII wouldn't go over 4000J. Of course bullet and lance tip aren't the same thing but that give you an idea of the lethality.

[@omariscovoador7486]

16:31 ah yes, very fast, 40kg per hour 😂😂 just kidding Meta i got it, its 40km/h

[@carebear8762]

He was, of course, thinking of his pasta eating speed.

[@TitusVarus]

@@carebear8762 It rivals my cheese cake eating speed

[@polishFantasyEN]

What is the city depicted at 6:09? If it's actual city, I need to add this to my must-visit list. Edit: I could use also the names of the rest of the locations photos of which are in the video. Great video as always!

[@johnshepard8387]

I'm pretty sure it is none of them, but if you like that kind of cities, you have Carcassonne and Avignon, in the southern France. But you can find plenty of them in europe in general.

[@polishFantasyEN]

@@johnshepard8387 Ah but you see, those I've already seen. So seeing a picture of a city I haven't, I immediately taken interest. Regardless, many thanks for your response!

[@johnshepard8387]

@@polishFantasyEN You're welcome, good search !

[@loxodoncyclotis1823]

I think it's Aigues-Mortes, a small city in southern France with nice 13th century fortifications.

[@polishFantasyEN]

@@loxodoncyclotis1823 You made my day! google photos seem to confirm the match. Many thanks and wish you a great rest of weekend!

[@Corporate_Zombie]

Many thanks for the informative video. One remark on replacing lances with firearms. There is one Polish historian who specializes in winged hussars, Radoslaw Sikora. In one of his books, he wrote that very probably western European cavalrymen ditched lances in favor of firearms because using a lance was much more difficult and required much more training than using firearms. Cuirassiers took over from lancers because around the middle of the 16th century it turned out that it was too difficult to find a sufficient number of soldiers competent with a lance. Please, note that Polish and Lithuanian winged hussars continued to use lances effectively against pike-and-shot infantry until the introduction of bayonets. In other words, in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the heavy lance outlived the pike. I'm afraid that Mr. Sikora's books aren't available in other languages than Polish, though.

[@positroll7870]

There were still lots of Imperial lancers (Reiter) around for the 2nd siege of Vienna. Looked like this (2:44, with black and yellow banners, right next to the Poles) kzbin.info/www/bejne/faWWaaiwnampZrc Cheaper than cuirassiers... They were still around even for Prinz Eugens campaigns - thus mentioned at 3:22 in the above song (the vid is from a mix of docus). And the real game changer were ring mounted bajonets plus Minie balls, allowing to reload rifles as quickly as muskets, thus allowing to effectively start to whittle down cav charges from a distance and fire with the blade already in position before the final volley.

[@Corporate_Zombie]

@@positroll7870 As far as I know such troops were employed but other Western European armies. However, their weapons were much shorter and lighter than the heavy lances that medieval and Renaissance men-at-arms used. Also, those soldiers equipped with lighter lances were much less popular than mounted arquebusiers and pistoleers such as cuirassiers.

[@QlueDuPlessis]

I get a weird tinge of pleasure when I hear you pronounce "gendarm" like a native English speaker who's only ever seen the word in print. It makes me feel less stupid for not realising that "albeit" is pronounced " all be it" for over thirty years. 😋

[@ungeimpfterrusslandtroll7155]

In Austria the rural police was also still called gendarmerie until recently.

[@durandil]

The word "gendarme" is the modern version for "gens d'armes", which means men at arms.

[@enusama_9384]

Metatron: Does a Raid Shadow lagends sponsorship Me: Et tu, Brute?

[@lokischildren8714]

I hope you do a video on the White company and sir John hawkswood

[@livrasyt166]

You just saved me from boredom THANK YOU

[@Templar_PL]

How did old Polish fortress Kamieniec Podolski get here? (7:00)

[@ghardrimvoreksson7266]

It's not gendarmes, historically it's coming from Gens D'armes. And it's not knights or chevaliers but design all professional troops, sergeants and watchmen.

[@gaoth88]

I don't know if it has been said, but the dutch military police is also called the marechausee (prob from since napoleons time)

[@Njuregen]

In the Netherland Maréchaussé is the military police, that also guards the borders at airports for example. They from 1814 right after the Napoleon wars, I had an uncle who was in them at one time.

[@123456gordon]

They also have Gendarmerie in Argentina, "Gendarmería Nacional" (National Gendarmerie). I don't know for sure what their role is, but for what I remember it was more or less some sort of law enforcement, like you say it is in Europe. Something in between police and military, I know they have at least one anti terrorist unit, for what I remember they are usually involved in operations regarding drug dealing and border patrol, I think they also act as some sort of national guard. They were in charge of security along the federal police during the G20 summit they did in Argentina, was it in 2018?

[@Adam_okaay]

NOOOO RAFELLO CAUGHT RAIDS!!!!!!!!!!!

[@Tosiurpo]

raids lol i love it.

[@JBGARINGAN]

Like how British Infantry are still called things like fusiliers, musketeers, grenadiers, etc when really they're all standard modern army. Well maybe if you're called grenadiers and guards you're elite forces as their units retained the tradition from the past's most prestigious and valorous men.

[@not-a-theist8251]

Interesting topic!

[@morriganmhor5078]

Raf, evaluating the pistol-equipped cavalry you should look on the SandRhoman videos on the same issue, if you didn´t do it. But nice job here.