The History of Climate Cycles (and the Woolly Rhino) Explained

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Throughout the Pleistocene Epoch, the range of the woolly rhino grew and shrank in sync with global climate. So what caused the climate -- and the range of the woolly rhino -- to cycle back and forth between such extremes?
Thanks to Julio Lacerda and Studio 252mya for the excellent Woolly Rhino illustration. You can find more of Julio's work here: 252mya.com/gallery/julio-lacerda
Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: / pbsdigitalstudios
Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:
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References:
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/1...
www.nature.com/articles/natur...
science.sciencemag.org/conten...
www.nature.com/articles/natur...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
science.sciencemag.org/conten...
science.sciencemag.org/conten...
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agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.c...
adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AGM...
data.giss.nasa.gov/ar5/srorbp...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
biocycle.atmos.colostate.edu/s...
curry.eas.gatech.edu/Courses/5...
Markovic, A. "Woolly rhinoceros Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach, 1803) from Pleistocene of Serbia." Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of Belgrade (A) 47 (1998): 217-237.

[@eons]

Hi Eons viewers! As some of you have pointed out, I mistakenly cropped out Mars in the image we show when we mention that Milankovic was obsessed with ice ages on both Earth and Mars. Sorry to all of you (and the planet Mars) for the error! -Seth

[@cynopterusbrachyotis9919]

Humans produce many gases, and soon there would be a new extinction.

[@SunniLeBoeuf]

Also you mispronounced Milanković pretty awfully! The ć makes a “ch” sound, as in “church”. I love your videos, but man that hit my ears like shrapnel. Gonna send to my Croatian friend to ruin his day 😂

[@drewdurant3835]

Lol

[@glenbe4026]

Could you do a video on the Holocene Megafauna Extinctions? There seems to be a "battle" between those who blame Climate changes and those who blame Humans. (Like in this video, you seem to be firmly on the side of climate change being the killer of Woolly Rhinos, despite a lot of evidence suggesting human predation was occuring).

[@damirsaurio]

Would you please do a video about.... I’ll let you guess... YESSS TERRESTRIAL GONDWANIAN CROCODILOMORPHS!!!!???

[@alanblanes2876]

That must be some kind of record for the most information ever packed into 14 minutes 35 seconds...

[@KayKay114]

Mine says 14:36 😄

[@Caroline-tb8eh]

@ Crash Course

[@mwperk02]

@Pleoryo I see your brain matter is constrained. Drilling holes in the skull will enable your brain to expand. Disclaimer: don't drill holes into body parts.

[@stathis_kaza]

14:36

[@nakenmil]

Wow! That's a LOT of climate science crammed into 15 minutes!

[@pockit57d.a.d.68]

don't take a rocket science to know a rino can adapt to any climate .

[@NotCassidy]

dave dimartino did you even watch the vid? 😂

[@Crysomandiaz]

Yes, sooo coool!

[@mantisnomo5984]

@@Crysomandiaz - They entirely left out why it makes a difference if the Earth is tilted relative to the sun. (The thermal properties of land differ from water.)

[@databanks]

@@mantisnomo5984 Might have run out of time - she did mention there were numerous other factors she didn't have time for. But hey, that's why we have a comments section. So you and others with extra data can chip in and help out. Thanks I really do wish politicians would start watching this channel, though (not naming or pointing at any in particular, as they could all do with learning some actual science)

[@Germanjorge]

This is probably the best Eons episode I've ever seen. It's so well made. Such attention to detail. I just want to congratulate you guys for such a finely made episode!

[@liamfahy4521]

Would love to see a video on how the platypus evolved!!

[@LennerPOPPADOPALIS89]

Ahhhhhh, nature's weirdo.

[@lunited1410]

@@LennerPOPPADOPALIS89 lmao

[@diceman199]

When a beaver and a duck really love each other..... :-)

[@Yaratoma]

@@diceman199 They drive to Australia?

[@diceman199]

And make little, strange babies together...

[@sunterror55]

Do you think you guys could do something about the evolution of bats?

[@lordteragriff7114]

Yee brother

[@Hlkpf]

@@_robustus_ thank you for replying to this lazily formulated question so i don't have to :-p srsl, i thought the very same thing ;-)

[@Danquebec01]

@@_robustus_ Hahaha, I’m laughing so much. Thank you.

[@andrewmartin9379]

Well gee I think we’re talking about a video about how bats managed to convergently evolve the ability of flight and to be the only mammals to do so.

[@mohdrazif777]

How about Batman?

[@Sciencerely]

As a stem cell researcher, I really appreciated the balance between facts and entertainment in this video! Your channel is really inspiring me to make similar videos about current medical research (although it is very hard work)!

[@blacklikeme88]

Any timeline when we will be able to fully regenerate any part of our bodies ?

[@Sciencerely]

@@blacklikeme88Depends on which part of your body you want to produce (and the underlying complexity). Currently, there are some clinical trials in which we transplant tissues which arise from stem cells (which on the other hand are often made from skin cells but I will talk about this in my next video). I am personally really looking forward to reading the results of a study which tries to cure type 1 diabetes through the transplantation of insulin-producing beta cells. There are many reasons why we are currently more focusing on producing tissues rather than whole organs. One very important factor here is safety. It is very difficult to control the development of stem cells to create whole organs (we need to understand developmental processes way better). If we try to transplant something as complex as an organ we could not guarantee that cells in this organ might not become harmful for the recipient (and provoke teratoma which are tumour-like cell aggregations). I cannot precisely tell you how long it will take until we have overcome all these challenges but we are making remarkable progress (about 15 years ago we were not even able to make stem cells from skin cells)!

[@johnballs1352]

@@Sciencerely Is it fun cracking open fetuses for the stem cells?

[@MasterJedi86]

@@johnballs1352 Go back to Alabama.

[@A_name_is_a_name]

Stem cells are live

[@kristentocherspoon6034]

My son wants to know: Where did cows come from, and what happened to their wild ancestors?

[@gigifabulous]

Actually, here in the Netherlands, we have wild cows. I'm not sure whether they're a domesticated species that returned to the wild, but they're there. Literally translated, they're called Scottish Highlanders.

[@xway2]

Their ancestors were called "aurochs" and actually survived up until the 17th century in Europe. Their original range stretched basically across the entire Old World, from Europe to China.

[@philengel8741]

@@xway2 Yeah, and as far as I know we killed off the aurochs because they're aggressive. And then we were left with the docile cows that we know today. But there's probably a lot more nuance in that history that I'm missing lol

[@spindash64]

xway2 Damn, not a bad track record, all considered.

[@davidhansson7041]

There are many kinds of wild cattle or "bos" in latin. The cattle seen in most of europe comes from the auroch but they were also domesticated in india which is where the humped cow comes from. Aurochs where hunted away and replaced with sheep, swine or domesticated cattle "bos taurus". The last auroch died in the 1700. Jaks are also a domesticated species of cattle but their wild ancestor still exist.

[@TheIgdrasil1]

Thanks for the best content on this platform.

[@joeys4289]

this

[@Raphsophomes]

You have seen like 000.01 Percent of the internet then.

[@granky_]

@@Raphsophomes they said "of this platform", meaning youtube, not the whole internet

[@Raphsophomes]

@@granky_ wow thanks for pointing out exaggerated sarcasm. I feel like I learned something new today.

[@granky_]

@@Raphsophomes you are very welcome! If you can do it here's one more thing for you to learn today: it is impossible to transmit sarcasm via written comments. Unless you use some kind of format like bold or italics of course, otherwise anyone can say they were sarcastic after they made a clown of themselves.

[@carlyblack42]

Awesome! This is great. Not just learning about woolly rhinos, also learning about space and climate change.

[@michaelweston7748]

Or Dude, which ever you....

[@aronchai]

The rhinos were a honeypot, a ruse

[@panzerlieb]

Only your not. They’re using the flimsiest evidence to promote a contrived narrative. The earths axis was not “wobbling” during the ice age. At least not any more so than before or after the ice age. Gyroscopic dynamics doesn’t work that way. They try and explain it by saying the earth was hit by something large. Really? Wouldn’t that have cause a mass extinction event like it did with the dinosaurs? There is so much wrong with what they saying in video that it mustn’t be taken seriously.

[@victoria6598]

@@panzerlieb Did you even watch the video or are you just spewing nonsense because you feel like it? They said pretty clearly it is thought the collision happened around 4.5 billion years ago, what extinction could that have possibly caused? Life on this planet didn't exist back then

[@patreekotime4578]

@@panzerlieb She clearly stated that the biggest change in recent epochs has been the movement of the continents so that Antactica sits at the south pole and generates a ton of sea ice which creates more extreme ice ages. You are the only one here with an agenda.

[@SEThatered]

Narrator's voice, cadence, enunciation and flow are so nice it is a pleasure to listen.

[@tomnekuda3818]

This is the best and most simple explanation I've ever seen for Ice Ages, axial tilt, season length variation, and the reasons for various periods of extinction that I've even seen. Thank you for your spot-on uploads. Tom

[@squatch545]

Kallie Moore needs a raise. Another great instructional video.

[@kyleblundell122]

Another great lesson! Eons has quickly become one of my favorite KZbin channels, along side Space Time. Keep up the amazing work!

[@chaosmarklar]

Yes indeed, I usually watch eons anytime but gotta watch space time in the early evening with my coffee

[@johnballs1352]

@@chaosmarklar is it just me or is the host of space times head really big for his body? It's bothered me for years lol

[@jlucky11]

Yeah I love getting more proof that we aren't causing any major global warming

[@donfields1234]

@@jlucky11 what? I hope your kidding and not deaf dumb and blind dude, honestly do your research properly and you can even figure it out. We are causing major climate change, devastating our ecosystem and driving the 6th extinction. We are headed str8 for hell, kzbin.info/www/bejne/sKXRmqGhnL9jrdU

[@ShellyAnn1a]

@@donfields1234 I believe you are wrong on the issue of humans causing global climate change. We are actually contributing to a ongoing process of warming and cooling trends. It is our overabundant use of fossil fuels that is speeding up the process. I live on the west coast, this year has been the coolest that I have witnessed in my nearly 7 decades of life. Today our temperatures got nearly to 80F, we should have been having temps at or above +/-90F by now. Last yer it was summer before spring as half over with temps at or above 100F by the end of April early May. This winter was another dry one with around half the snow fall on the mountains. We the People need to insist on transportation that is more fuel efficient or find other sources and not years down the road, the technology is there already.

[@sydneycompton465]

This is a really wonderful video with fantastic content, I’d just really like to see better pronunciation of Milanković’s name. It’s a Slavic name and the ć makes a sound similar to “ch” in English. Thank you contributing fantastic science content to this platform

[@waelah5554]

the woolly rhinos went extinct because they did not invest in renewable energy hence the global warming. on a serious note.... great content. thank you

[@adjacent-smith]

They were tastier and easier to catch than the elk

[@xxxsimedxxx]

Awesome as usual. And I really appreciate that you use the metric system!

[@TheMesosuchus]

It's called science. We don't use imperial units in science.

[@divinekitty1831]

Yo Momz I think you mean: Metric > Imperial

[@metametodo]

@@TheMesosuchus believe me, I've seen so called science channels using imperial system on their works. Unfortunately the US isn't as through with imperial as we would expect.

[@Ditidos]

@@yomomz3921 Imperial is unnecesarily complicated. Metric is better because it has a uniform change of ten units and generalized prefixes that are added to any unit you want making the change (so moving through the system is extremely easy and intuitive). Plus, no one uses imperial anymore with the exception of the USA (because there is no reason to do so when metric is much simpler and easier to use). It is true that some countries use Farenheit but in that regard, Celsius and Farenheit are both bad units with the clearly better option being Kelvin. But since no one talks in Kelvin, going the more international option with Celsius makes sense (as Farenheit is only used in some english-speaking countries and nowhere else). Oddly enough, you could have a metric progresion with one of the imperial units, like centifoot, kilofoot and stuff like that. But I'm not sure how many people will understand you.

[@l4430]

@@Ditidos thing with celcius to kelvin as well is that a change of 1 degree celcius is the same as 1 degree kelvin, so it's still super easy to work with as things like specific heat capacity don't change and conversion is easy (just add the difference). Not sure about Fahrenheit as I'm merely an A level student from the U.K, but as far as I know they don't have equal changes in intervals?

[@timmicheletto1913]

the joys of procession, it's why the north star hasn't always been polaris, and why it won't be in the future

[@marcelodelgado3666]

It used to be Thuban right?

[@danielauto3767]

Precession

[@dallyh.2960]

@@marcelodelgado3666 That is an amazing profile picture. Is there any chance I could find it somewhere online?

[@AdrianMihaltianu]

This is one of the most important videos on KZbin. Not only it helps us understand what we know about the climate cycles, it also shows without doubt that current global warming has nothing to do with natural cycles, but is 100% man-made. On the long term, learning how to manage CO2 and other greenhouse gasses will help us regulate the planet's climate, preventing it from overheating or overcooling.

[@skibum6422]

Because we have that kind of control over this spinning rock.

[@dumke1000]

Big up, from Serbia, thx Eons!

[@oposum244]

Haha, Im from Sebia too!

[@jacaliber]

I have a request for a video on creodonts and entelodonts. Maybe separate videos of them.

[@mharder5262]

I second this request!

[@harrisoncoleman6306]

Same!

[@veggieboyultimate]

🤚

[@normalname8768]

Dafuq are those

[@jacaliber]

@@normalname8768 Creodonts were carnivorous mammals that look a lot like they belong to Carnivora order (cats, dogs, bears, hyenas) but did not even belong to that order. And Entelodonts, often referred to as terminator pig or hell pigs, were these massive omnivorous scavengers, that weren't actually pigs but were distant relatives and not descendants. In all the concept art they have these belligerent faces that only a mother can love.

[@Alexander-is9jo]

The ice age is like my mood. Big unexpected changes that makes my friends migrate away and closer from me in an endless cycle of depression.

[@FreedomAnderson]

Sumatran Rhinos are the closest living relative to the Woolly Rhino.

[@HerryNovri]

Is it because Sumatran Rhinos have 2 horns? Unfortunately they are very rare if not extinct. The near-by Javan Rhinos must be not their close relatives, because they have 1 horn.

[@pierrebegley2746]

@@HerryNovri Yeah, the Sumatran Rhinoceros has 2 horns. Not incredibly obviously given how small they are. But they do. The Javan and Indian Rhinos are the only ones with only 1 horn. And in the case of the former, the female has no horn at all.

[@marcustulliuscicero5443]

The explanation of how the Earth's rotational axis moves is a bit simplified. It takes the Earth's axis 29,000 years to rotate in relation to the fixed stars. So where does the 23,000 years figure come from? Well, there is a second precession going on at the same time, the so called apsidal precession, during which the orientation of Earth's orbit slowly shifts. Basically, every year the perihelion (the point in Earth's orbit furthest away from the Sun) moves forward a couple of arcseconds every year, forming a cycle that repeats itself every 112,000 years. Due to these two phenome combining with each other, the rotational axis of Earth rotates once every 20,900 - 29,000 years, with an average of 23,000 years.

[@lukasmakarios4998]

Thank you, Mr. Spock! No, actually I really appreciate the correction. Thanks a lot. I was wondering if our planet's orbit had a precession of its own. Good job! Now, how does that relate to the varying eccentricity of the orbit? Would it have any effect on the amount of insolation either hemisphere receives? Or is it just "in the background"?

[@Boogaboioringale]

It’s 25,772 years. Caused by the sun and the moon.

[@jaimequinones1109]

These videos are art, literal art, so much information so easily digested in such a short amount of time. I hope you give yourself the credit you deserve. I find myself rewatching a lot of your videos to catch new things I miss.

[@aresmars2003]

The ellipse chart at 5:52 is wrong for e=0.5. The sun should be at one of two foci, not at the center!

[@SSGranor]

And, then, at 6:09, the sun gets put off-center in a circular orbit!

[@MsSilvain]

My totally very favourite channel on YT. Thank you for being there guys! 😊❤️

[@srijansaxena7455]

This is the type of content that should get famous on KZbin

[@Never_heart]

Yes I love the woolly rhinos. Such a beautiful and unique creature. It makes me think of a possibly similar creature the elasmotherium. If only we could get more complete elasmotherium remains to determine more about its horn or ram or growth.

[@Never_heart]

@@TheBelrick possibly? We did hunt megafauna. It depends on when humans came to that area which in itself is highly debated.

[@simonj3413]

Aka the real unicorns

[@Never_heart]

@@simonj3413 possibly as far as I am aware we have never found their actual horn so it is all conjecture if it was a long conical horn or not.

[@simonj3413]

Neverheart yes but we at least know that it was on top of the rhino’s head, plus that rhinos are related to horses.

[@Never_heart]

@@simonj3413 ya we know the location because we have the fossilized base of horn. And while rhinos have dual conical horns other relatives have more elaborate blunt ramming horns over piercing and goring horns.

[@proximacentaur1654]

outstanding content. PBS Eons you are so on point. One of my favourite channels.

[@lurking_silhouette5802]

This single episode is 2 times better than my WHOLE SEMESTER Quaternary Geology classes. I feel like a criminal not supporting this channel..

[@AFishBicycle]

Amazing content. Well thought out and presented in a very approachable way. Thank you for creating this!

[@Anakin985qwerty]

Thank you for Milutin Milanković! Great video!

[@SunniLeBoeuf]

great Serbian intellect strikes again. Second only to Tesla himself. *awaiting outraged Croats*

[@b.griffin317]

12ky ago? so the whooly rhino and gobleci tepe coexisted? amazing to think about!

[@vexaris1890]

There were still a few mammoths around when the pyramids got built.

[@roodborstkalf9664]

@@vexaris1890 : Small ones on Wrangel Island

[@starlitshadows]

Oh damn, I didn't think about that. Pretty amazing.

[@A_name_is_a_name]

Bigfoot the rhinos

[@A_name_is_a_name]

Bigfoot indeed, and yes the rhinos were extremely adept craftsman, however the camels rewrote history for themselves during the asteroid event 12k years ago. I believe that is why you don’t hear of the rhino culture in history.

[@garyfolmer5497]

Climate cycles are even more difficult to understand when you include the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis which may have caused the extinction of the mega-fauna including the Wooly Rhino. Really an excellent presentation. Thank you.

[@richardgunton9564]

This channel consistently makes me nostalgic for Nigel Marvin’s Prehistoric Park.

[@Antoine7881]

This is the best video I've seen on climate cycles. A lot of info without being boring. My mind didn't wander once.

[@1dir951]

Great presentation! Thank you for this balanced overview of a complicated system... 8D

[@stevoplex]

😀 You have such a lovely, melodious voice and speak articulately about fascinating topics! I could listen to you all day long!

[@IgorJugoslaven]

Hi guys, just one note for future episodes (from a Serbian native speaker): you get the correct pronunciation of his name when you mention the Milanković (Milankovich) Cycles. So, it's more of a ch- sound (like in chair), rather than the k- sound (like in care). Hope that helps. And keep up the great work!

[@louiswebtser]

Do you think you can do a video of the migration of humans and animals in North and South America ???

[@fredrickcanales3545]

During the ice age the sea levels fell and exposed land bridges and allowed animals and humans to migrate

[@louiswebtser]

fredrick canales what kind of anime though? And how well did they adapt?

[@21LAZgoo]

humans were in north america by at least 24000 years ago if not even earlier as new evidence is always showing up

[@eeriksare]

Oh, that was fantastic! As a physics teacher, i love the visuals. My students will clap their hands.

[@guacca]

Man, this was a wild ride.... don't get me wrong, I thoroughly enjoyed it! :) Keep it up! I love how your content is usually not topic-isolate, but you guys actually go out of your way to teach how everything's connected.

[@bloodsin28]

Well done with the video! Thanks very much for remaining impartial in your messaging. Very educational, going to share with the kids. Thanks again!

[@adamvega9007]

Reefs! Talk about REEFS

[@curioussoul6059]

That'd be neat

[@curioussoul6059]

Sad, but neat

[@knightowl2477]

could you do an episode on the Mt. Toba super-eruption?

[@bsgauge7496]

Toba... when humans were on the brink.

[@Revan8787]

One of your best videos so far. Well explained and in such a limited time, great job!

[@ZeldaGirl799]

One of the best episodes you've put out in a while, and they're all good so that's saying somthing. Very informative and I learned a lot. Always looking forward to whatever comes next.

[@ClickThwackRicochet]

Great video! Incredibly helpful! I would love to see a part two on greenhouse gases, position of the continents and volcanic activity :)

[@NicholsKT]

ClickThwackRicochet Yes please!!!

[@matthewcourt3795]

One of the most interesting and informative videos I’ve watched in ages!

[@kefkefkarina5948]

Thanks for the best explanation of the Milankovitch cycles I've ever come across. This is a great channel all the time, bt you outdid yourselves with this one.

[@enbyfairyyy]

Wow this just absolutely broke my brain in the best possible way. So much information packed into such a short time span! Thanks for an incredibly educational and just incredible video.

[@misakilive6010]

I love your work, you're one of my favorite channels and by far my favorite pbsdigitalstudios show

[@Enderman4999]

Really great video as usual! Great explanations!

[@armabearo]

Once again just another great video, love listening to you guys and gals on my walk to work.

[@alexross5714]

Thank you for putting anthropogenic climate change in context and for suggesting a parallel between our fate and the fate of the woolly rhino.

[@caseyrayharris.esquire489]

PBS Eons.. I love you!

[@maldito_sudaka]

omg thanks for this video, I love learning about earth's cycles!

[@williamlong8859]

Check out this series, goes into even greater detail kzbin.info/www/bejne/rafNe6R_jb6HZ9k

[@asmith7094]

Experts: the climate is always cycling to extreme degrees. Also the “experts”: *this time it is our fault. We can only fix it if you give us your money*

[@maldito_sudaka]

@@asmith7094 man, don't be a denialist. Yes, the climate can be extreme, but it's clearly going extreme way quicker than these occasions. These changes take millions of years, we're accelerating something that humans can't stand in the long run (short run in the grand scheme of things)

[@maldito_sudaka]

@@asmith7094 Watch Veritasium's video on climate change, point number 11

[@mikeyd946]

It would so neat to have those megafauna still around. 12,000 years ago is nothing in the scheme of time. This is so interesting!

[@DominickAlan]

I have to say I truly enjoy Kallies presenting on these shows.... shes the rock star of PBS for sure ! Keep the great videos coming.

[@wildbytes5066]

Awesome, absolutely love this channel

[@BackRowB]

There are a couple of inaccuracys in this video, however it's correct to our current understanding. The main inaccuracy is the timing of the Last Glacial maximum (LGM). Regions experienced their LGM before and after the time mentioned, Putman, (2013) lists the LGM as 26.5 ka to 19 ka. Other recent studies have also suggested the use of Last Glacial Cold Period (LGCP) for this time period. P.s. I quite happy that this channel has covered an area which I've researched for around 4 years, and happy to say they got it right and obviously did their research

[@professorfilipo7650]

This is one of the best episodes! Thanks for offering us a so qualified content!

[@kartikeyamandapati1125]

It is just incredible how we just trace out the every single aspect of past.

[@heathenwizard]

James Cant Ranch? Wow man that’s a mean thing to put on a sign.....

[@Grand_History]

Who else is sad about the last male Malaysian Sumatran Rhino dying?

[@reececamptenmyers6063]

Yea, sad news

[@brandonshmandon1799]

Brandan Miller That’s in captivity there are still a few left in the wild.

[@Grand_History]

Brandon Davis there’s estimated to be only 80 total alive in the wilds of 9 different countries. Good bet they are extinct in the wild of Malaysia

[@myspacetimesaucegoog5632]

Me, very very sad. They are really wonderful animals. I just hope the last remaining wild ones can be protected and numbers increased

[@hj6507]

It's really heartbreaking. Human activity is decimating life on this planet :(

[@AaronDames]

I love Eons! Would love to see an episode on the history/evolution of coral.

[@kandie3127]

Thank you so much for making this video (all of them really). I have such a better understanding of this now.

[@Leftatalbuquerque]

Some people are using the space-position thing as an excuse to keep polluting.

[@SealofApprovalTWU]

Sure, I believe we should finds ways to pollute less but taxes will not stop the universe from doing what it's doing.

[@YraxZovaldo]

@@SealofApprovalTWU No, but less CO2 will cause less climate change. How do you cause less CO2 emissions? By making it more expensive to use. Just watching without doing a thing doesn't have a great track record of solving problems.

[@eliburry-schnepp6012]

6:56 It seems kinda mean to name an entire historic district after James's sub-par ranching skills

[@metametodo]

Milanković cycles are quite hard to absorb and work with. I've seen some videos on the subject, but it's quite a lot of information simultaneously that I've been quite confused. This video of yours is probably the one which I could grasp the best tho, I think I can be more certain now that I can understand and explain to others. Thanks a lot.

[@Deuronius]

One of the most coolest shows out there...thank you Eons^^

[@eldariontelkontar]

The video was perfect as always but please do justice to Milankovic which is read as "Milankovitch" as you see in the name of his cycles

[@BlackJar72]

Try explaining this to people who think the world is only six thousand years old.... :(

[@divinekitty1831]

Jared Blackburn You’re assuming it’s even possible to have an intelligent conversation with someone who thinks the world is only six thousand years old. I can assure you, such a conversation is not possible

[@SofaKingStupid]

I'm a fan of the channel and I found this video a lot more engaging than some others. I think that's because instead of one answer that could be simplified, there were several factors being addressed to one effect. I think it's interesting that we couldn't have covered all of the causes for the climate change and extinction of the wooly rhino in this one video! Keep up the good work.

[@EverythingYouNeedToKnowEYN2K]

Good video, seen the cycles but never knew why, makes sense now. Less salt in water of southern hemisphere, freezes quicker. Good bit of information

[@dustinfisher29]

That was a lot of dry knowledge for my first cup of coffee at 7 a.m.

[@le_funk98]

Very informative! I would love a video on the evolution of owls ❤️🥰

[@pedrocampos691]

and their foe, the giant elk, Megaloceros.

[@chi-weishen6740]

5:00 One complete precessional cycle takes a little bit less than 26,000 years, not 23,000 years. 5:18 Earth is furthest away from the sun around 5th or 6th of July, not 3rd of July. 5:28 Earth's orbital position in winter and summer does not only depend on the precessional cycle but on apsidal precession, as well. 5:53 In the diagram on the right side the sun shouldn’t be almost exactly in the center. 6:08 If the orbit is (almost) a circle the sun is (almost) at its center and it moves away from the center when eccentricity increases. The video shows the opposite.

[@dennisroland5654]

Fascinating and detailed explanation, flawlessly presented. Thank you!

[@mbvoelker8448]

The climate stuff was interesting, but I was hoping for a lot more about the wooly rhino.

[@andrewmartin9379]

A video about the cloning of extinct species back into existence? That would be awesome!!!

[@valiroime]

_Your scientists were so preoccupied with whether or not they could, they didn’t stop to think if they should._

[@noorjehankhan2347]

When things in life seems complicated and intimidating,it is comforting to know and realize,that life has been lived by a great many souls before us

[@user-qy1up4bj1w]

Great video as always! I think a video about the evolution of anapsids to therapsids would be interesting

[@thetool96]

This video is 🤯. Could you please make a video about avocados (Persea americana) evolution? I read somewhere avocados seed size is related to extinct megafauna, so it should have disappeared as well, but it survived somehow until these days. Thank you.

[@strakhovandrri]

They survived because of humans cultivating them. Think of yourself as a megafauna successor.

[@thetool96]

@@strakhovandrri Indeed, but humans started to sow "just" 12000 years ago. I'd like to know how they prevailed the gap from the magafuna extinction to that days.

[@kalebbaum2572]

Maybe an episode on how the heck the musk ox came to be? I was also thinking something about goats and why they can climb so well, but still use hooves to do it?

[@yurimow]

i consider this one of the best videos on youtube. Makes you want to create multiple accounts to like it multiple times.

[@aquariussoda007]

thank you , that was the most informative history lesson i have heard , and makes sense . everything has a cycle throughout the universe .

[@duchi882]

*Woolly Rhino:* _exists_ *Climate Cycles:* I'm about to ruin these rhino's species

[@NatureByDhole]

*Science comes by* : ~~It's rewind time~~ *Cloned woolly rhino* : ~~I see this as an absolute win~~

[@Reilly444]

10:30 IT'S A HEART BEAT

[@richardroyster405]

How have I never heard any of this? Amazing variability. I never knew. Great video!

[@NickiMoulton]

This is a great video! I like how you tied the wooly rhino to something that tends me to be more vague when thinking about paleontology - though we should all be thinking more about the climate and extinctions. Is there anyway you could do a video about anteaters????

[@Beryllahawk]

I got all happy when you talked about the Midland area

[@Hlkpf]

PBS Space Eons! I'm pretty sure there's a video over at Space Time :-D

[@veggieboyultimate]

Hlkpf yeah but I think this is more easier to understand no offense to PBS Space time😐

[@liamredmill9293]

Beautifully done, and elequently put, thank you all

[@FloozieOne]

This was absolutely amazing. Being a short-sighted human I have looked at climate change as a modern phenomena although of course I knew about ice ages, but I had no clue about all the other factors involved. I am going to have to watch this video a few more times to take it all in but it will be a fascinating project. Once again Eons has brought me new knowledge and widened my horizon. Thank you Eons!

[@ADreamingTraveler]

Yeah there are a ton of cycles that the earth goes through with some that can last years, decades or even centuries. For example the gulf coast US has spans of decades or even a century where they get hit with tons of hurricanes constantly and then sometimes they can go 50-100 years with barely any major hits.

[@FungWarb12]

Well you kinda butchered the scientist's surname. But other than that, great video!

[@marekj1100]

As if it were not spelled “Milankovitch cycles”… 🤦🏼‍♂️

[@valacarno]

@@marekj1100 That's what made me smile,i s that they appear in the same sentence, but only the cycles get right name. 😅

[@Popcornchicken42]

Best episode in awhile, great job ! ^_^

[@asdkjfhasfighasdfjha]

i've learned so many from this and still unwrapping details. awesome!

[@HistoricHisterics]

Awesome video! Thanks for making this, I love your channel!