The Integumentary System, Part 1 - Skin Deep: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #6

Anatomy & Physiology continues with a look at your biggest organ - your skin.
Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ
Chapters:
Introduction: All About Skin 00:00
Skin Layers: Epidermis, Dermis, & Hypodermis 1:30
Types of Epidermal Cells: Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhans Cells, and Merkel Cells 2:15
Layers of Skin: Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, and Stratum Basale 4:15
Layers of the Dermis: Papillary, Reticular, and Hypodermis 6:59
Review 8:48
Credits 9:18
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[@lynns4122]

God I'm glad to be born at a time when there's KZbin

[@MomochiSama]

Layers of the skin: Epidermis-made of stratified squamous epithelial tissue Dermis Hypodermis Keratinocytes: Make up the bulk of the epidermis They are the building blocks of the tough fibrous keratin protein Melanocyte: Spider shaped cell that synthesises melanin Langerhans cells Originate in bone marrow and defend the epidermis Merkel cells: Combine with nerve endings to create a sensory receptor for touch Thick skin- palms of hand and soles of feet and contains 5 epidermal layers Thin skin- covers everything else and contains 4 epidermal layers The deeper you go, the younger the cells are. Regeneration happens in the lower layers and new cells move up towards surface where they die. This is because the epidermal is epithelial so its avascular, all nutrients and oxygen come from dermis, so as they mature and go up, they lose their oxygen and nutrient supply so they die Layers of the epidermis: 1. Stratum Corneum (horny layer, cells tough like animal horns) a. Outermost layer and is the roughest, made up of 20-30 sheets of dead keratinocyte cells 2. Stratum Lucidum (clear layer) a. 2-3 rows of clear, flat and dead keratinocyte (only found in thick skin) 3. Stratum granulosum (granular layer): a. Contains living keratinocyte that form keratin, looks grainy as cells are getting compressed and flattened as they move up the epidermal layers, maturing as they go 4. Stratum spinosum (spiny layer) a. Look prickly when seen under a microscope 5. Stratum basal a. Single layer of columnar cells but is where most of that cell production happens and is also the layer that connects epidermis to dermis Mnemonic - Come Lets Get Sun Burnt Corneum Lucidum Granulosum Spinosum Basal Layers of dermis: 1. Papillary layer a. Composed of thin areolar connective tissue that is riddled with little peg like projections called dermal papillae. These protrusions form friction ridges that press up through epidermis that helps fingers and feet grip surfaces, fingerprints 2. Reticular Layer- thicker deeper layer that makes up 80% of dermis a. Made up of dense irregular connective tissue Hypodermis: mostly contains adipose connective tissue, provides insulation, energy storage, shock absorption and helps anchor the skin

[@vanessa156734]

"if theres a cell in the human body thats been responsible for causing the most pride and prejudice in human history is the melanocyte" but on a cellular level we are all the same". I love this man!!!

[@dootdootclaire]

i don’t know why I’m here. I learned this 2 years ago, and I’m on fall break. i woke up at 7am thinking about the epidermis, i don’t know why.

[@Sara-md8nu]

Lol. I took anatomy 3 years ago and still dream of bone markings.🤣🤣🤣

[@LeAnnASMR_]

i love u

[@Dontstalkme378]

I learnt this 6 years ago and I still love it! I'll probably complete this entire course lol

[@user-wn2pf2ty7i]

Im never going bare foot again, that little animation of the nail hurt me on a mental and physical level. ;-;

[@egemenayyildiz8499]

Lol that's how I feel XD

[@TheK3yMaker]

I'm not alone on that lol ....damn nail

[@arlokarpelevitch3875]

ugh it was horrible. like a nail on a chalk board.

[@yourfaceishumerus]

I'm a biomedical science student who's worked with cadavers and that *still* made me cringe and flex my toes like mad. So don't worry. You weren't the only ones.

[@daredaemon8878]

Yeah, I didn't see the need to drive the point home like that either.

[@VictorFoote01]

Going into nursing as a career change. Watching these videos are very helpful. Seriously thank you so much for taking the time to create them.

[@isastring]

One year later, how is nursing?

[@kenrupple9085]

How'd you do? I'm starting nursing school in a couple of months and have been using Crash Course to help me to get started on a good foot.

[@kenrupple9085]

Same here with me.

[@joanniesears9933]

Same!

[@bethel_4374]

Same!!!

[@nicolestarke9403]

Thank goodness for crash course!!! Once again explaining things better than my actual teachers! Side-note: did anyone else cringe as the nail went through all the layers?

[@alexanderfabian8414]

I thought it was hot.

[@fortuna19]

Because teachers know their audience, smelly young adults which sleep and don't pay attention. Here they get money, have all kinds of audiences and it is accessible by anyone

[@jenniferravelo923]

I was freaking out seeing that nail go down. It happened to a friend but through her bottom...

[@facesbygemjae4485]

That happened to me when was a kid and now watching that I was reminded of it .. it was in the subconscious part of my mind ,, lol now I'm conscious of it all again ,, oh the agony !!!!!

[@ashesmith6124]

Ahh!! I did! Idk why I cringed if it's just an animation...lol. It freaked me out..

[@kyrstenleoni7574]

Literally watch this for my anatomy test in the morning

[@ZyNeEnZyNe]

Watching this for my histology test which is in 1 hour lol

[@yangoh1621]

Watching this before my 11am A and P exam today😂

[@kaelincampbell1930]

Same lol

[@xan4685]

Same Lmao

[@leighandra9952]

History repeats itself lmao

[@avynlie]

Thank you for fueling my nursing courses. I listen to this each morning as I try to wake up for classes ridiculously early

[@melissahernandez2515]

Crash Course really comes through when you have last minute cramming to do for a test you have in anatomy

[@hollywoodgirl148]

Yess

[@akhterhujour646]

Tdlr GFDL Meiddj

[@costenthusiast2tm131]

Anyone here for Human Anatomy or Human Body Systems?

[@rachelelizabeth6017]

CostEnthusiast2 [アニメゲームテレビ]TM I’m taking Anatomy and Physiology! 😄

[@daphneespage1087]

Same.Majority student are from anatomy and physiology

[@angelinar1451]

Here from Skin Specialist school aka medical aesthetician 🙋🏻‍♀️

[@khamden7934]

Me

[@kurumipanda8034]

Yup! It's vital to learn human anatomy before and after death to deduce. :) I'm 12 by the way and is curious.

[@SaiyanHeretic]

Skin has layers, like ogres.

[@Amiabenson]

SaiyanHeretic you’re great

[@adelinemarie6700]

and onions lol

[@awkwardzoltar3529]

There needs to be a video on the anatomy of ogres.

[@Soliy87]

"On the Cellular level we are all the same" :)

[@Unknownboi88]

However on genetic level we are all different.... well most of us are (twins & clones)

[@johnandan1594]

Philip Anderson hmm... I've heard before that people have 99% of the same genetic information, the 1% is what makes us look a bit different from each other. I mean if we share 97% of our DNA with chimps it's kind of scary how similar our DNA are from each other.

[@sonyastaneva874]

Deathcap Rabadon well, it's wrong, haha

[@Soliy87]

Deathcap Rabadon best name ever :p

[@Soliy87]

***** see the racist in his natural habitat the internet. Pretty sure you wouldn't say that to a person face to face would you?

[@lizzies.1562]

Actually, I had a really interesting discussion with my science teacher about the organ aboard the Nautilus. He said that since it could come up for air whenever it wanted (except for when they were at the South pole), it wouldn't make much of a difference. They'd have to come up a bit more often, but not a ton, but now, since the ocean is so crowded, it would be extremely cost inefficient to have a pipe organ in board.

[@user-ux2dd9pp8x]

"Excuse my Latin - Horny Layer" I'm sure a lot of people have laughed at the name of that.

[@rnj117]

ah ! i thought when i went to uni my days of being able to rely on crash course to help with revision were over. I was wrong. and I am so happy ! this topic is being covered at just the right time for my uni assessment !

[@bebeleal8917]

Awesome , my teacher loved to use crash courses to review for tests or just to review what we have learn in the class. Personally I enjoy this videos because they help me in In a short time to grasp what I may forget or have forgotten about a certain topic. I has also helped me to grasp information really quick while John is talking really fast which helps my communicative skills. Thumps up for crash course, keep up the good work.

[@tycoon1661]

Crash Course vs Khan Academy? For me Crash Course because amazing animation and i don't actually do it for school just for the love of knowlege!

[@rachelelizabeth6017]

I think I like Crash Course more!! 😄

[@rachelelizabeth6017]

Tycoon both are AMAAZING though!!

[@anjali5306]

both are amazing. khan academy for math tho, crash course for everything else

[@origintv900]

Love osmosis better

[@joanniesears9933]

I feel like Khan academy goes into a LOT more detail about most things, but also has a lot of support and different ways of presenting the same information. By the time I'm done with their material, whether I understand it all or not, I have more than enough to understand my other class material, which looks easy all of the sudden. For that, I love it. THIS, however, literally encompasses everything I need to know and does it in a way that's easy to understand and quickly.

[@jessicascheffler7915]

These videos are so awesome! I use them in addition to my book & slide shows for Anatomy & Physiology 1! They are interesting and a great extra resource!

[@Zile.e]

"Moisturize me!" said the talking 3-5kg, 2m^2, waterproof, stretchy, insulating quilt.

[@tl3724]

Elleari coconut oil works well for this problem and it's natural 👍

[@yunachoi8465]

the last human ;)

[@ashleydawn3628]

Very Who of you.

[@2ndchancehypnotherapy]

This series helped me get through A&P. Now I'm entering nursing school 🎉❤

[@exploreyourweb]

Wow, what an AWESOME video. I learnt in 45 minutes what took my teacher 5.5 hrs. Who needs lecture notes when there is CrashCourse. Looking forward to my next lecture with you. Come Lets Get Sun Burnt - classic.

[@jocey005]

I am taking a online course and I am having a hard time understanding, too poor for tutor. Thank you for doing this for free, it is very appreciated.

[@DayWatch]

thank you so much for this. you even explained, indirectly, that skin does not breathe. also, you mentioned sunscreen! good job crash course!

[@crashcourse]

DayWatch Crash Course strongly endorses the wearing of sunscreen. -Nicole

[@DayWatch]

CrashCourse you guys are the best

[@mattbennett8252]

CrashCourse sunscreen inhibits the bodies natural safety mechanism (burning sensation) that tells you you've been in the sun long enough. This allows you to be in the sun too long which is not safe...it's also been shown to inhibit the skin's production of vitamin D...most sunscreen has a long list of toxic chemicals as well that may be carcinogenic. Something like coconut oil, seems to be a safer option but still covering up with light clothing or finding shade after you've been exposed to enough Sun would be a safer option. I've noticed the more fresh fruits and vegetables I eat and less processed foods, the longer I can be in the sun without burning. Anyways, thanks for your videos, always informative!

[@DayWatch]

Matt Bennett the carcinogenic claims have been discarded multiple times. every sunscreen has safety instructions written on the back that include "do not spend a prolonged time in the sun, even with a high SPF." the vitamin D statement is simply NOT true, show me one single peer-reviewed study that shows this. coconut oil has an SPF of about 8 which is extremely low. the vegetable thing isn't some miracle solution, it just means that you are eating more antioxdiants which are anti-inflammatory and sunburn is an inflammation of the skin.

[@mattbennett8252]

DayWatch hi daywatch, the skin absorbs much of what you put on it and to think that the many chemicals in that lotion entering the blood stream is not harmful, seems odd to me.

[@someonenotsomeone8450]

Currently watching all these the summer before the next school year because I'm skipping A&P I and going straight to A&P II. Don't know how that happend, but I'm super thankful for this crash course!

[@Nocure92]

I never had these types of classes in school, so I find this awesome! This is explained in a really good way that makes it easy to understand :D

[@susandowling9403]

I am so glad I found this crash course playlist! I have a test tomorrow and this is SO helpful!

[@katherineperez3337]

Watching these before mys tests is a big help. It brings the basic ideals of each chapter together very nicely. Thank you!

[@katherineperez3337]

**my

[@airmizolina9626]

I love these videos they are so helpful. I wish I had them when I was in high school. I review them before every test. Thank you so much for all you do.

[@alexandriacadet8448]

I think your an amazing teacher. Despite the fact that you talk kinda fast, oddly enough, i grasp everything you say. very entertaining thanks a lot! :)

[@perbhatkumar3842]

Thnks for this CrashCourse. Now I can finally get the "A" on my test!!!!!

[@crashcourse]

Perbhat Kumar Good luck! -Nicole

[@perbhatkumar3842]

Thanks CrashCourse​

[@perbhatkumar3842]

This is the first time that the makers of a video have actually replied!!! CrashCourse​

[@srengsounly7525]

Whо Еlsе Wants Tо Cure Тheir Yеаst Infеctiоn, Rеgаin Тhеir Nаturаl Inner Baаааlаncе аnd Асhiееve LАSTING Freеdоm Frоm Cаndida Rеlatеd Sуmptoms?Cliсk Heeеre -->twitter.com/68e6f27f9f703effa/status/784262969735516160 Thе Intеgumеntarу Sуstеm Рart 1 Skin Dееp Crash Coursе A Р 6

[@erikamartinez4788]

Did you get the A?

[@AlKhttabAlSaqri]

I'm a medical student and I found your videos very helpful! Thanks a lot, Hank :)

[@luluq8almosawe241]

I am studying bachelor of applied science at Australasian collage . Thank you for sharing your knowledge 🌸

[@susanmacaskill5327]

Thank you for all your awesome videos, I'm a mature student who really appreciates the effort you've taken, very informative. I find them a fantastic supplement to our anatomy class and a awesome study help.

[@brookelynkiehl7650]

That mnemonic is going to save my academic life. Thank you! #nursingstudent

[@abhishekjaiswal8276]

Thank you Sir. The contents are very helpful, specifically "Come let's get sun burned" part really helped me to memorize the layers of skin.

[@biskutlover45]

I'm in barber college so I have to know this. Thank you

[@Thomas_Winters]

everything about ur username and comment has me smiling

[@kalnmark6747]

I've been studying anatomy and discovered a great website at Sebs Study Crammer (google it if you are interested)

[@nhidoan8463]

i can not study on Sebs study crammer. Kaln Mrak , can you show me? Thank you very much

[@inkbery4473]

6:28 funny thing is, my friend and I came up with Come, Let's Get Some Books.. And I think I'll stick with it 😅

[@thefriskybear5541]

I am in A&P right now with an exam around the corner and these crash course vids help alot!

[@neilgregory7655]

Crash course puts it out there in an easy to understand ,and explain way .thanks .

[@hamdad3447]

Well explained and every understandable! crash course videos are always helpful ❤️

[@jacobmiranda1]

This is great! another extra prep for my test.

[@MidwestHippies]

Crash Course is awesome, thank you guys Hooray for A&P!

[@EdwinHwuHacks4Science]

Awesome video! Saved me from dermatology papers! Thank you!!!!!

[@darlingtonboobam4107]

This was awesome ..thanks for your great videos 👍😁

[@jesusislordflock1706]

You explain the systems systemically that makes them sink into our nerval part of the long term memory enclosed in the cranial structure the brain 🤝 thanks to God for creating you 🙏

[@Jus10Ed]

That sound as the nail slid in. That's one of those things that treads the line between creative and morbid.

[@bloodyrose2076]

I really love Come Let's Get Sun Burned. That really is an awesome idea (no matter how stupid it sounds) and really helps me memorize the layers.

[@CortiB]

Crash Course! You're a life savior!! I have an exam in like 14 hours. TT^TT

[@lp-oz6pq]

This man is heaven sent❤️

[@shaeb8689]

Thank you for breaking this down.great way to study.

[@VandrefalkTV]

Great episode, must say I'm looking forward to the next one! :D

[@Cheenee]

Thanks for this lesson, Prof! Looking forward to seeing you personally someday!

[@PedroBoteon]

"Come, Let's Get Some Bacon" There, I fixed it =)

[@faizanullah5646]

These are soo fun to watch!! Which makes it super easy to learn (:

[@hopeahooper]

Look at the little Strongmad! Oh my goodness, so cute!

[@geekgroupie42]

Moisturise me!

[@nisc92]

/)

[@procrastinator99]

***** (\

[@imagaintwonkabar4384]

It's like living in a portable bouncy house

[@madhavjoseph3336]

Stefan Matthias Cornelius Glauninger Doctor WHO?

[@apoorkidfromyourcloset590]

The pony needs a condom.

[@justinzhang6883]

Crash deliver the most fun and easy to understand of human anatomy ,

[@ggonsg]

Thank you soooooo very much for helping me with my homework!! You're amazing!

[@katelynalcantara4712]

Stratum corneum- dead skin cells Stratum lucidum- Footsole and palm Stratum granulosum- Forming keranocytes Stratum- Cell regeneration Stratum basale- New cell production

[@TheFireflyGrave]

I found that skin-blanket animation/description both disturbing and hilarious.

[@queensaharaice7376]

Ikr lol

[@user-mj9qy4pb6m]

Thank you for translating it into Arabic language ❤ I'm an Arab from Iraq ❤

[@clashy9073]

I love this guy!! Thank you for putting it in layman's terms, I finally found a way to absorb but understand this stuff! Why do I pay tuition again? This guy is waaaayyyy better than my prof.!

[@jaredthomas7993]

I got the answers to my homework, and I just had to keep watching these are so good

[@stephanieg2887]

Waiting for next weeks video!!!

[@micah865]

this guy is a rapper

[@rebeccadantzler2853]

I absolutely love your videos! Thank you!

[@carolwilliams7952]

Great A&P info for nursing students....Thanx CrashCourse!

[@EnragedSephiroth]

Please cover tickle/sensation sensitivity.

[@cheeseenthusiast6549]

animation: you've just stepped on a big ol' nail my brain: AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHHHHHHHHHH!

[@paradisehero8523]

4 years in the collage and you helped alot!!

[@alondrarivera6153]

Better than my school curriculum ❤️ Thank you Crash Course !

[@Turk3yFilms]

Skin colour differs across the globe because it's a human evolutionary response to the sun's exposure, and the sun's rays hit some parts more directly and for a longer duration than other parts...correct?

[@titanchen1192]

Correct, the amount of pigment differs

[@antonylawler3423]

Rubbish. Skin colour differs so that racists know who to hate.

[@ragnkja]

***** Indeed. More pigment gives better protection, while less pigment enables the skin to make vitamin D more efficiently.

[@felipe970421]

Nillie To elaborate, darker skin is useful near the equator because sunlight is strong there, so more protection is selected for. On the other hand, nearer the poles sunlight is weaker so the problem becomes getting enough Vitamin D, which the pigment in dark skin blocks. Which is why darker-skinned people in higher latitudes should drink their milk and more fair-skinned people in the tropics should wear lots of sunscreen.

[@pigcatapult]

Lincoln Maurice Most brands of milk have a kind that's fortified with vitamin D.

[@user-qb5wy5dg8w]

"on a cellular level, we are all the same" .. the nerdiest wisdom I've ever heard XD

[@claudiahernandez1624]

I love him 😂 it keeps the world out and you in!

[@d1mple381]

This helps in class so much thanks for making this.

[@crashcourse]

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App! Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ

[@klutz3955]

Woah crashcourse it's like you KNOW i needed help for my exams, because i am in university now i am SO donating to your cause , thank you ever so much. such dedicated i can only stand in AWE OF!~

[@lizslilcorneroftheinstitution]

I couldn’t resist... but for Hank’s family and friends, if anything suddenly happens medically to Hank, and no one can figure it out, might I suggest looking for some evil, murderous epithelial cell who saw the bloopers clip and decided it had to get revenge! I don’t know that I’ve ever laughed that hard over one person tripping over one word that many times!! I love it! Not just for the humor but that it shows other folks that anybody/everybody can hit roadblocks especially in A&P!!

[@kate28bravewatermelons84]

hahaha"it's a pneumonic" hahah Closed captions are sick

[@emilysmith1277]

love this crash course, I learned so much!!!!

[@mishaswain5924]

thanks for this. very informative for a crash course.

[@evangalleon8948]

"Before sex get latex condom" - S. Basale, S. Spinosum, S. Granulosum, S. Lucidem, and S. Corneum. Easier to remember.

[@RambleMaven]

The stratum lucidity actually covers the entire body it is just more apparent on the palms and bottom of the feet.

[@kitties576]

Elisa, The Mediator I was waiting for someone to say this!!! As someone who is an esthetician they go over that, and its in our book which is used all over the country for it. 👍👍👍

[@nhahna]

Needed this for my esthetics theory. 🙏🏼🙏🏼

[@honeydew6980]

thank you for this! this really helped me think of some ways to do my science project! :3

[@kaizersoze]

I now want a skin quilt.

[@wallmarkberg9289]

Quick question: On someone who has a noticeable amount of fat, is most of that fat considered in the hypodermis?

[@kabtastick]

yeah it'll either be subcutaneous, i.e. under your skin, or visceral, i.e. around your organs!

[@henrystewart9656]

My AP world history teacher loves to play your history videos , you talk so fast that you make taking notes a workout for our hands 😂

[@tarrageina2751]

yay thank you so much...I have a test next wed..this help so much

[@carolinarojas2649]

Hello, Crash Course Thank you so much for your videos! They are such a great help. There is something I did not quite understood about Keratinocytes. In the video it is said that "they are the building blocks of the tough, fibrous protein keratin" I thought proteins are made up of amino acids...Did you meant to say that the keranocytes produce the keratin? Cheerio!

[@ihajeeorbis]

I'm confused because as we explored the Dermis layers the speaker mention that "the dermis is where all the work gets done and it does it all in THREE LAYERS" ... he then only mentions TWO layers 1.) The Upper Papillary 2.) The Reticulated Layer .... then just moves on to the Hypodermis Layer.... is this just a mistake or did I miss something? thanks

[@franciscocosta5123]

+ihajeeorbis If I'm not mistaken the hipodermis can be consider one of the three layers of dermis. Sorry for my bad English :)

[@jessicalowe8435]

the hypodermis is not part of the skin so no

[@jessicalowe8435]

He goes on to say "between both its layers" meaning only two layers so it's most likely just a mistake

[@thickasnelson7748]

This man is so brilliant my class and teacher love u and u also explain things better than teacher

[@sahraivsg1320]

Loves this!!! Thanks for this!!❤️

[@fruityeel]

Haha, my science teacher played this for the class and I was probably the only one who knew who Hank was… People are really missing out. 😂

[@sedrickalcantara9588]

My spine tensed when I saw that animation of the nail... >.

[@TheNegEgg]

this is such a useful topic! good job!

[@quencyhilton590]

Loved this! Thank you :)

[@ShadowDrakken]

***** if you're going to talk about deodorant, you should talk about antiperspirant and the difference between the two as well. Assuming you haven't already written and filmed that episode.

[@crashcourse]

***** Next week! There's a bunch of other stuff covered because we have the whole rest of the integumentary system to get through, but he will briefly discuss the difference between those two :) -Nicole

[@mariamalqhtani1858]

You talk very fast ، but thanks for your hard work 👏🏾

[@vonguyetthanhthanh4253]

Mariam Alqhtani very fast =.=

[@dogelydong8027]

Use transcripts on nerd fightera as notes

[@dogelydong8027]

Copy them into a word app and read them anytime ..maybe highlight some parts

[@dogelydong8027]

I use pages app btw ..you will have it by default if you are an iphone user

[@sara-gw4dy]

تقدري تتحكمي بسرعة الفيديو اذا حابه يكون بطيء settings- speed

[@PinkChucky15]

Awesome, looking forward to next episode :-)