The Italian Regency of Carnaro in Fiume (1919 - 1920) - The "Fascist" State by Gabriele D'Annunzio

The Italian Regency of Carnaro (1919 - 1920) was established after the First World War. First is was known as the Italian Regency of Carnaro. Today known as Rijeka it was part of Austro-Hungary till the end of the First World War. It was known as Fiume. After the end of WW1 both Italy and the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Italian aristocrat Gabriele D'Annunzio made his move and took the city with his men and established the Italian Regency of Carnaro. After the Treaty of Rapallo (1920) it was known as the Free State of Fiume.
History Hustle presents: The Italian Regency of Carnaro (1919 - 1920) - The Proto-Fascist State by Gabriele D'Annunzio.
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SOURCES
- The Vanquished, Why the First World War Failed to End, 1917-1923 (Robert Gerwarth) [e-book].
- • Italian Proto-Fascists... (02-07-2021).
- • Fiume City State: Free... (02-07-2021).
IMAGES
Images from commons.wikimedia.org.
MUSIC
"Crusade" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
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SOUNDS
Freesound.org.
Wanna join forces and do a collaboration? Send me an email at: [e-mail]

[@HistoryHustle]

SHORT-LIVED STATES PLAYLIST: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jIKZgnuimpqaapI

[@HistoryHustle]

@6th Battalion Royal Australian Regiment Thanks!

[@AdmiralKarlDonuts]

Gabriele D'Annunzio was one of the most interesting figures in post WW1 Europe. His entire life was just WILD.

[@jon-paulfilkins7820]

Imagine a Bond Villain that is One part Lord Byron (Playwrite, Author, Poet), one part lothario (an absolute horn dog), all parts charming. That D'Annunzio.

[@gumdeo]

Amazing guy.

[@HistoryHustle]

Wonder if there is a movie about him.

[@mario.-_-.]

@@HistoryHustle Official RAI version: kzbin.info/www/bejne/bovKmpJoa81ljKs kzbin.info/www/bejne/e5-8eaahjrVll6M Or slightly historically "reduced": en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%27Annunzio_(film) en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bad_Poet

[@Utsubu]

@@jon-paulfilkins7820 He wasn't a villain though he was a hero. :j

[@milaperkovic6550]

As Croatian, I will thank to your realistic view of our croatian part of history. Well done

[@HistoryHustle]

🇭🇷👍

[@user-cn8tk4ry9i]

As a Fiume resident I thank to you

[@tng2057]

Thanks for the video. I learnt about this bit of history during high school and when I traveled to Rijeka in the 80s I was thrilled to see Fiume wordings still around at the port. Even more excited when I saw freight trains reaching Rijeka port along the famous former Austrian Hungarian sud bahn. I enjoyed spending time at Rijeka during a few times when catching the coastal ferry but unfortunately following the recent cancellation of the Adriatic costal ferry there are now fewer reasons for tourists to pass by this port city.

[@HistoryHustle]

Thank you for replying 👍

[@Jay_Speed]

Very interesting like always, history is one of the things that really appeals to me. I wish I had a history teacher like you at school.

[@HistoryHustle]

Thanks 👌

[@michaeldelisieux]

"History" is a bunch of stories. When well told it becomes a pleasure! ( Like the ones grandma used to tell us before bed time ( if you are lucky enough!))! Cheers!

[@tonnywildweasel8138]

Learned nothing but new things today! Big Fat Thumbs-up again :-) Groet, T.

[@HistoryHustle]

Great. Thanks once again!

[@gibraltersteamboatco888]

Great piece. BZ .D’Annunzio succeeded in creating a new style of political liturgy made up of elaborate uniforms, special ceremonies, and chants, with speeches from the balcony of city hall to massed audiences in the form of a dialogue with the leader. In other key contributions to what soon became ‘Fascist style,’ D’Annunzio and his followers adopted the artiti’s black shirts as uniform, employed the Roman salute of raising the right arm, developed the mass rallies, brought out the hymn Giovinezza (Youth), organized their armed militia precisely into units, and developed a series of special chants and symbols..” His fashionable troops, clad in black and silver uniforms, were called “The Centurions of Death,” the uniform with pirate skull-&-crossbones, later stolen by the SS

[@jacopofolin6400]

Interesting, i tought they Just adoped Arditi uniforms and simbols

[@HistoryHustle]

Thanks for sharing your insights on this.

[@Captain_Eagle]

That part about the SS “stealing” the skull and bones (Totenkopf) from Fiume is completely false and not true at all. The Totenkopf (skull and bones) has been a German military symbol since King Fredrick the great of Prussia and also used by German Brunswick in 1809 during the Napoleonic wars. There’s a photo from 1914 of German field marshal August von Mackensen wearing the Totenkopf on his hat. There’s also a photo of Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia in a Prussian military uniform with a Totenkopf on her hat. After the collapse of the German empire the Totenkopf continued to be used by the FreiKorps and eventually N**i party members like Julius Schreck used the Totenkopf as a unit insignia and later was used by the SS.

[@murrycod6725]

My Grandfather passed today at 91 years old and that’s why I was googling videos of his town where he was born which was Fiume. Very interesting story. Thankyou

[@HistoryHustle]

Condolences!

[@SternOnYoutube]

Love your work, keep it up big man!

[@HistoryHustle]

👍👍👍

[@xvsj5833]

Incredible Stephon 💪 thank you for sharing , your knowledge ✌️

[@HistoryHustle]

👍👍👍

[@marcoskehl]

Another beautiful town, and another great video. Obrigado! 🇧🇷

[@HistoryHustle]

👍👍👍

[@thomasgonzalez7133]

"Wild parties were thrown . . " Reminds me of college Spring Break. I am beginning to like D'Annunzio.

[@HistoryHustle]

Lol 🤣

[@MjrCarnyx]

Toffe episode weer! Dank voor de info

[@HistoryHustle]

Bedankt!

[@NellaCuriosity]

I love your Short-lived States series!

[@HistoryHustle]

Soon more 👌

[@stever7066]

Never heard of this event, fascinating video. Cheers.

[@HistoryHustle]

Thanks!

[@Artur_M.]

Yay! One of the wackier short-lived states in history. BTW the Hutsul Republic would be a nice material for one of these videos.

[@HistoryHustle]

Thanks. If I ever get to Yasinia I'll see to it.

[@mammuchan8923]

Excellent choice Andrea! This may be the best short lived states video ever. It’s not often we hear about the cocaine fuelled party side of things🙃

[@jacopofolin6400]

If still existed would be Better of Ibiza probably

[@HistoryHustle]

👍👍👍

[@andrijamartic2403]

:)

[@mikewest5529]

D’Annunzio died in 1938 but as always.. how? Just another amazing video! As always you teach something new!! Thanks many time over! And stay safe!!

[@HistoryHustle]

Hi Mike, great to read you reply again. It's now October and for sure two episodes about Hungarian history will come online. Maybe three.

[@sirdarklust]

This really wasn't a sociopolitical fascist state, except in looks (speeches from balconies, etc.). If anything, we may be best to call it a liberal nationalist state. I know that's a strange term, but it fits the social policies. In fact, it may have been the most liberal state in Europe at the time.

[@HistoryHustle]

Thanks for sharing your insights on this topic.

[@jacopofolin6400]

Probably even more liberal of now in some ways like legal drugs

[@Utsubu]

He had a Corporatist (National-Syndicalist) system which was a tenant of Fascism in Italy. Mussolini added the "dictatorship/police state" aspect to the definition. Though I guess D'Annunzio was a dictator, but he wasn't as hands on? Having a dictatorship isn't necessarily synonymous with widespread censorship and repression of dissent, and such things are always increments and degrees. If D'Annunzio or someone else led the march on Rome Fascism could have been different in practice.

[@cataginandtonic]

Bruce Sterling''s ''Pirate Utopia' is an alt history novel in which Fume survives. Cool read.

[@HistoryHustle]

Ok 👍

[@nicolamazzoli2424]

I would never put Fascist and D' Annunzio in the same sentence. D' Annunzio 's ideas were just out of reach for the masses, and to some extent they still are to this day. Mussolini on the other hand, remodeled D'Annunzio's thought into something far more rough and crue that only a nation of angry and ignorant farmers could pick up as a national ideology, also thanks to the brits and french (paris peace conference etc). D'Annunzio in reality despised Mussolini and his Camicie Sordide, and if anyone had the curiosity and the time to dig a bit deeper will be able to find proof of this, as well as other amazing facts about Gabrielino. D'Annunzio was a 1 in a millennium character of its own, that changed the history of modern Europe.

[@HistoryHustle]

Thanks for sharing your insights.

[@It_Was_The_Entity]

This channel rules.

[@HistoryHustle]

😎👍

[@kyrakrmpotic5061]

My town ❤

[@HistoryHustle]

👍

[@antoniogerardogiampaolo259]

Excellent!

[@HistoryHustle]

👌

[@zulubeatz1]

Very interesting feature as this state seems to contradict many of the things that we think define 'Fascist' (I have given up trying to explain the differences between that and Nazism) but this video suprised me yet

[@HistoryHustle]

Thank you for replying.

[@leninthedespoiler8113]

Well the difference is pretty defined, if you aim a gun at the head on a Nazi and you ask him to choose “Nation or Race” he’s gonna pick race, while if you do the exact same thing to a fascist he’s gonna pick nation.

[@zulubeatz1]

@@leninthedespoiler8113 Very eloquently put and exactly right why dont people get this?

[@leninthedespoiler8113]

@@zulubeatz1 I really don’t know, most people is just dumb.

[@FlagAnthem]

For sure not one: put a narcisisstic megalomaniac in charge with grandeur thirst

[@ayanamireizero]

Jeez that whas something i have never heard of, quite a fascinating history.

[@HistoryHustle]

Thanks, Kjell 👍

[@mario.-_-.]

From those days, there is a small story from the largest Croatian island of Krk about the first anti-fascist resistance/autonomy (if D'Annunzio's ideology was fascist, but it was not normal), about the "Republic of Punat" (some kind). The Arditi also landed on the nearest island of Krk (map 5:47 Veglia) where they looted a monastery on the islet of Košljun in the Punat Bay. According to The Treaty of Rapallo Krk was the territory of SHS/YU, but it was a "hollow" space then, and there was a regular Italian army in the town of Krk (and they had nothing against these compatriots of free-minded artists with wide views). The inhabitants of Punat organized themselves and offered successful resistance. As there were prisoners on both sides, an exchange agreement was reached and the Arditi withdrew... A few days later, the inhabitants of Dobrinj on the same island of Krk offered successful resistance to unwanted newcomers...

[@HistoryHustle]

Thanks for sharing this additional information with us, Mario!

[@mario.-_-.]

However, on the island of Krk, the inhabitants of Baška were the first to have a bad experience. The Arditi banned church Mass in the Slavic language and there was a conflict with the victims, some were captured. At that time, the inhabitants of Punat knew what awaited them, and Dobrinj allegedly already had a pre-organized defense with the help of people from the Croatian mainland. The Arditi also landed on the more distant island of Rab (which also did not belong to Italy according to the agreement, but there were no regular Slavic military formations yet)...

[@tresojos]

Any book recommendation on the Fiume Republic?

[@HistoryHustle]

I got my info from the book of Gerwarth which is an overall view of the post WW1 history of Europe.

[@dpiette]

Great episode! For a fictionalized version of this, pick up Bruce Sterling's book "Pirate Utopia"

[@HistoryHustle]

👍

[@luxembourgishempire2826]

Love these short lived states!

[@HistoryHustle]

Awesome!! 👍

[@Lucifer-dz6eh]

Pozdrav iz Rijeke! 7 countrys in last 100 years on this teritory!

[@HistoryHustle]

Yeah.

[@homefront3162]

Me: “ I’m watching this video FOR YOU!”

[@HistoryHustle]

👌👌👌

[@waaaakkkkk]

wow...what a crazy time

[@HistoryHustle]

It was.

[@raset002]

On the map at the bigin of the video arrow show city of Triest. Rijeka is on the right side of Istra.

[@HistoryHustle]

Ah I see.

[@kingerikthegreatest.ofall.7860]

Intersuing. Have you done a video on the confederate states of America?

[@HistoryHustle]

Not yet but for this format I have to travel there and I won't visit the US anytime soon.

[@debasmita98]

sir, I really loved your way of teaching but I do have a minor doubt, that is why did the Italian government interfere with the effort of their own man and they wanted Fiume which Gabriele got so what was the compulsion which resulted in the interference of the Italian government? it would be really good if you give me an answer to this directly.

[@HistoryHustle]

Good question, have to research that and I am not traveling without my books. Anyone?

[@nerozero8266]

👍

[@HistoryHustle]

😎

[@Indian_Marschall]

Plz make a video short lived state of balochistan 11 August 1947 to 17 august 1947

[@HistoryHustle]

That's Pakistan. Won't travel there anytime soon, so no, sorry.

[@rudolphguarnacci197]

"...the secret Treaty of London..." Yes, let's consider England the reason of all the problems in the world.

[@coling3957]

well it was obviously not such "a secret" was it? when you are busily ruling the world you can't be expected to consider every little thing. i've never heard of Carnaro or Fiume.. i'm not so sure about Italy tbh...

[@demonprinces17]

Didn't do a good job drawing up the map

[@RavenioTheHatamoto]

Actually, we can blame the USA for this. England was keen on keeping the promise, but President Wilson made it clear that it wouldn't have been that way (also, the US didn't sign that treaty so he had no obligations to respect it).

[@rudolphguarnacci197]

@@RavenioTheHatamoto No doubt. Wilson was a clown. However, England has always done nothing to advance human rights.

[@rudolphguarnacci197]

@@demonprinces17 I'm looking forward to seeing the one you're able to produce. Can you cut and paste one from any of the multitude of games you access every waking moment of the day, Eagle Eye?

[@FlagAnthem]

D'Annunzio the Italian Mishima Or Mishima the japanese D'Annunzio

[@HistoryHustle]

Please explain.

[@mario.-_-.]

Uff... Rijeka (Croatian rijeka = English river)... The town that was once divided by the river (in Croatian called Rječina) into Fiume and Sušak (picture with a line at 3:42), after WW2 Rijeka=Fiume+Sušak... Only in the 20th century did merge and separate Austro-Hungary, SHS, Anglo-French troops, the Kvarner Regency, the free state of Fiume, the Kingdom of Italy, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Fascist Italy, partisans, the Third Reich, SFR Yugoslavia, Croatia...

[@HistoryHustle]

Thanks for sharing this additional information.

[@mario.-_-.]

@@HistoryHustle On "Bloody Christmas" 1920., the bridges on the so called Rapallo border between Fiume and Sušak were demolished. ~ ° ~ In any case, it doesn't matter, but the movie was shot from Sušak (on the east side of the river Rječina), and in the background you can see the former Fiume (on the west side of the river Rječina). Yes, today it is all one city of Rijeka (according to the Treaty of Rapallo, it used to be 2 different countries).

[@Hudsoncolo]

Please no more knees. They’re like headlights on a dark road.

[@HistoryHustle]

Lol

[@davidheaps3336]

D''annunzio was not an aristocrat. He just pretended. Read the bio by Lucy Hjghes-Hallet, a great read.

[@HistoryHustle]

Ok! That I didn't know.

[@MBP1918]

What a guy

[@HistoryHustle]

Yeah..

[@federicocarlosimonelli5827]

Sorry I have to report a huge and common mistake, frequent even in several italian non-scientific pubblications: Soviet Russia NEVER recognized the Regency, nor did the Regency.

[@HistoryHustle]

Funny.. not what I read.

[@federicocarlosimonelli5827]

Please let me know titles! 🙂

[@federicocarlosimonelli5827]

@@HistoryHustle please can you tell me what studies have you read about this topic?

[@demonprinces17]

Were these independent cities in the past or just warlords setting up their own country?

[@HistoryHustle]

In this case the latter although it then because an independent city

[@jacopofolin6400]

Often were the remains of the venetian empire

[@szakachdekapolna4372]

Memento from history, true event from 1920 in Istra, Mussolini was bitchslapped two times from a local factory worker ,after his speech.Instead of aplause.. Proud Istrian people first antifascists in history❤️

[@mario.-_-.]

Labin Republic ✌️

[@HistoryHustle]

I actually did research the Labin Republic, but wasn't able to visit Labin. Too bad. Interesting story.

[@ninomiskulin9286]

As a person from Rijeka whos mother has Italian roots and my father is Slavic Croat, I can tell you that D'Anuzzio made a serious mistake that eventually cost him a lot. He wanted Rijeka to be only Italian and have only Italian population. He tried to be harsh on Slavic population and of course they would have non of it. If only he made efforts to have a free city with equal rights to both populations, his rule would last much longer. But, he basically created even stronger hate between the two populations that in WW2 most of Italians were killed or removed from the city, their houses were taken and given to Slavic population etc. Nowadays, Italian population is very low in Rijeka, basically non existent. However, his ideas are still alive in the city. Rijeka is the most open city for lgbt population, its the most multicultural out of whole Croatia. We have catholic, baptist, orthodox church as well as jewish singoge and a mosque.

[@HistoryHustle]

Thanks for sharing your insights.

[@mdev3987]

My City! =)

[@HistoryHustle]

👍

[@hcrofficial3582]

we didnt forgot him, he even has his own street where was/is his palace.. and its a big and long street. we was under 5 countries in 70yrs.. in 1 family u can meet ppl born in 4 diffrent countries and we are multicultural and open minded.. even ur ultras grup nowdays have slogans on italian.. we dont say we wanna be part of it, actualy we dream of our free state, but we remeber everone and respect their desire to fight for us.

[@salsheikh4508]

Was Lenin at the Coke parties??

[@HistoryHustle]

Nope. Something with a civil war in Russia I believe..

[@ShubhamMishrabro]

😎👌 wow Columbian salt was allowed 🙂

[@HistoryHustle]

Yes ..

[@aasphaltmueller5178]

and you could by a cough medicin called heroin in the pharmacy - all those drugs were declared illegal quite a bit later, late 20s or early 30s. So early Coca Cola did have Cocaine inside

[@grazianolaudisio3644]

Socialist, communist, anarchist.... (4.42 min). Hoe kan hij, Gabriele D'Annunzio, in hemelsnaam als fascist gezien worden.

[@HistoryHustle]

Vanwege zijn militarisme en ultranationalisme.

[@user-vw7os7xn2r]

Interesting man D'Annunzio. Yeah, he was a nationalist. He did invent much of the rituals later adopted by Mussolini. He did employ corporatism, but not the Mussolini style totalitarian national corporatism, but rather the libertarian, democratic and populist (Just means the opposition of elitism, having nothing to do with the latter Hitlerite or trump-like populism) corporatism, deeply influenced by the leftist syndicalism. He promoted self-governed and democratically elected corporations. He promoted gender parity. He promoted LGBT rights and sexual revolution. And it is worth noting that Fiume during his occupation was quite libertarian, and it's like, a rapture and truly free city. Everyone gathered here to realize their respective ideal, from the most extreme anarchists, syndicalists and communists to the die-hard ultranationalists and fascists (and fascism at that time was actually a petite bourgeoisie socialist movement lol). The marches were endless and totally legal, without much of the restriction today's so-called "democratic" stagnant modernist bourgeoisie governments give us! I'd like to say that Fiume was much freer than these contemporary nEoLiBerAl stagnant states!

[@HistoryHustle]

Thanks for sharing your insights.

[@dukethepitbull1568]

That being said it would be pretty interesting to see what it would look like if Carnaro Stuck around it would be like the European Singapore but with less homophobia and more sexy military parades

[@blackshirtsocialist1457]

Dannunzio is basically just progressive fascist or National Liberal (just like me but far more liberal)

[@HistoryHustle]

Very interesting person.

[@HUNVilly]

Based on this video I don't get why was this a Fascist state.

[@HistoryHustle]

It had elements from fascism such as the extreme militarism.

[@dukethepitbull1568]

It also heavily influenced the spectical of fascism as apposed to the ideology

[@ClipeusCroatorum]

DALMACIJA 🇭🇷 DUBROVNIK 🇭🇷 KVARNER 🇭🇷 RIJEKA 🇭🇷 ISTRA 🇭🇷

[@jacopofolin6400]

Actualy is istra/Istria

[@HistoryHustle]

Ok.

[@sator3946]

Fiume, Pola, Zara, Ragusa forever italian

[@Staniele]

@@sator3946rijeka pula zadar It’s HRVATSKA 🇸🇮❤️🇭🇷

[@user-yn9uo1cf6n]

D'Annunzio ha rovinato ... Fiume poteva essere finn'oggi (anche Trieste) uno stato libero. Italiani, croati, sloveni ecc potevano vivere d'accordo.

[@HistoryHustle]

I doubt it...

[@andrea99boban]

It is very improper to define this episode as 'fascist', at least with the definition of fascism seen from 1922 to 1945. More like a clickbait in the title...

[@berndf.k.1662]

Another short-lived state: the fascist republic of Salo.

[@HistoryHustle]

The so-called Italian Social Republic. Hope to cover that in the future.

[@sveu3pm]

wtf is fiume.

[@HistoryHustle]

The Italian name for Rijeka.