The Magnetic Force on Moving charges particles

Dr Martin Allen uses a vacuum tube and a bar magnet to show how moving charged particles can be deflected by a magnetic field.
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[@carmelpule6954]

This experiment is often demonstrated to students and the Force= B.q.v, stated for calculations, with the left hand and right-hand rule mentioned, but the reason why the charged electron moves laterally when it moves in a magnetic field as this gentleman showed, this is never really explained in detail in some simple manner. My daughter teaches Design and Technology at a university and she often asks me to help her with a subject she came up with, "Knowledge Transfer methods for Engineers". Her "would be teachers" students often come up with difficulties about explaining some electrical phenomenon, and I have to wrack my old brains to try and explain what I understood in my own way. Here is what I came up with to explain in an acceptable manner the movement of electrons in open-circuited conductors in a rotating machine. First I have to explain my homemade concept of a single electron and then go on from there. An electron is a sphere-like blob of the mass of material which has a negative charge - Q coulombs on it. We may look upon the whole mass as being made of small masses like sand particles where the whole charge Q is distributed on each elemental mass on the surface even reaching deep down the center of the mass, had the elementally charged masses been insulated. If the charged electron mass was completely motionless in both ROTATION AND TRANSLATION, then all that the electron would contain is, mass M, negative charge Q, and an electric field E due to the existing charge and all this is shown when we rub a piece of plastic or use a Wimshurst machine, to attach the electron and mechanically move it to another location. But it is said that the whole mass of this electron is not stationary, it is rotating about one axis. This means that the elemental charges inside the mass are also ROTATING/SPINNING and so this immediately creates an electric conduction CURRENT circling around a definite axis, as after all, an electric current is made up of moving charges and in this case, the movement of charges are going around a particular axis of the whole spinning mass. Here we have a circling current and so this creates a MAGNETIC FIELD at right angles to this circling, ring current. This can only be another set of Magnetic closed rings at right angles to the circling current and all of a sudden we get a DC TOROID spinning around the axis of rotation which has created a North and a South magnetic Pole with this spinning effect. This, in fact, is a spinning permanent magnet or a spinning solenoid with the current disk rotating in one plane about the axis at right angles to the plane's current surfaces but the magnetic field is ROTATING. with the spinning. What we now have is a rotating/spinning, coulomb charged, electromagnetic ball, whose shape is as we normally see in any football game. We have seen many football games where a spinning ball is subjected to the MAGNUS EFFECT and when translating and moving in a straight line, the spinning ball goes laterally to the left or right depending on the spinning direction. Let us now apply this well known mechanical effect to what goes on in a conductor placed in a steady magnetic field. Let us assume that the steady magnetic field is represented by vertical lines falling from the sky to ground and the long open-circuited conductor is in a North-South geographical direction and the motion of the open-circuited conductor is going to be in an East-West or a West-East direction. As soon as the stationary conductor is placed horizontally lined up in a North-South direction, in the main vertical magnetic field, the spinning magnetic axis of all the electrons will LINE UP WITH THE MAIN VERTICAL FIELD due to their own magnetic polarity and hence they all will be like magnetic footballs, all spinning in the same direction and as long as the conductor remains stationary, all the spinning electrons will stay in their place within the conductor as there is symmetry in this activity, and this produces no potential voltage across the two ends of the long conductor placed in a magnetic field. If the conductor is now moved and translated continuously in a West to East direction, the totality of the action now contains an unsymmetrical effect on the existing dynamics, where the spinning electron is subjected to an apparent magnetic wind and its spinning direction will create more magnetic pressure forces on one side than the other and it will react accordingly and the MAGNUS effect will take place with the spinning electron having to move along and parallel to the long axis of the moving conductor. This "magnetic MAGNUS EFFECT" is what pushes the spinning electron to one end of the conductor to create a VOLTAGE DIFFERENCE between the two ends of the open-circuited conductor, by robbing one end and forcing the electrons to go to the other end all due to their " MAGNETIC MAGNUS EFFECT" through the spinning magnetic field reaction on the main stationary magnetic field. Note that there are no free electrons which come from outside to join the circuit, it is all a case of displacing the existing free electrons in a circuit, in this case, an open-circuited conductor which will go through a transient period to build up the voltage difference on its unconnected ends I am including a video showing the Mechanical Magnus effect which I feel could be used as an analogy to explain what takes place in our alternators and generators due to TRANSLATING and SPINNING electrons placed in a magnetic field, which I am calling a " Magnetic Magnus Effect".Note that if one changes the spin or alternates the translation one changes the direction of the voltage! I checked that this follows the right-hand rule for generators and it follows the deflection of electrons in old magnetic television tubes as in this video and the deflection in magnetrons and if we forget all this magnetic effect and look up the electric plates in the old Cathode ray tubes the charge Q on the electron acting alone which has its own ELECTRIC field will react with the electric field of the deflection plates or the electric field of the anode and grids in the tubes/valves. So an electric field will react with a stationary charge of an electron, but a magnetic field will react with the translation of either the magnetic field or the translation of a conductor, all due to the spinning of the charge in the electron. We may call it " Magnetic Magnus Effect!" The wonderful conclusion out of this is that we owe our electric products to, stationary, varying, or spinning electromagnetic fields and I am happy to include the "Magnetic Magnus Effect" on open circuited conductors moving in a magnetic field leading to a VOLTAGE BEING SUSTAINED till the electrons can move into a load when this is connected to take the return path to the pumping electron action of a generator, all due to a form of "Magnetic Magnus Effect." This is the manner one can get a good voltage source with low output resistance and impedance as with a voltage source this Magnus effect can result in having a voltage across a short circuit as, after all, the wound bars in an alternator and generator will have little resistance but need to have reactance due to the fact that we need to use coiled turns in any of our generating machines. But that is another story. To conclude, these spinning toroids exist when we have materials which support electrons is conductive materials be they magnetic or nonmagnetic and when we deal with insulators or vacuum this EM toroid will do away with the spinning conduction current and replaces it with a circling E field which explains all our RADIO TRANSMISSIONS in space and insulators . No doubt there are higher-order explanations why the phenomenon displayed in this video does happen, but students seem to accept that the effect is to a form of Magnetic Magnus Effect! Please see the submitted videos showing the Magnus effect on footballs and how one can unbelievably score a goal from a corner post, all due to the Magnus spinning effect. . kzbin.info/www/bejne/aGTJYp2sfLqKgNU kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z3PCaH2ufNh-bbs

[@anthonydunn-dchs5027]

Excellent video. Thank you!

[@alchemy1]

The force is at right angle to the magnetic field but electron deflection happens at any angle to the field except parallel or anti parallel to the magnetic field with maximum deflection at 90 degrees. Is that more accurate than the way you said it. I am just curious. And there is I believe a formula for that too I think. Torque on the rotor is at zero only when it is at zero angle to the magnetic field so the velocity of electron doesn't have to at 90 degrees only to the field only to experience the force. Correct?

[@venkipedia]

great experiment sir and very usefull

[@mrbrown6421]

00:21 - "So here's the Experiment ..." Take notes, friends. There will be a quiz. 00:12 - The voltage meter says 10KV. He said 1000 V beam. There are 4 low voltage inputs along with a green ground. 2 black inputs are: up/down 2 red inputs are: left/right 00:13 - The table is terribly scratched from other experiments with bad feet. 00:36 - The front wood plate where the screen is mounted has a tool mark where it looked like somebody was about to drill the hole too low. 00:45 - Electron speed on screen impact is 20,000 Kilometers Per Second ...To Be Continued. -- 5.23.2024

[@iandennislester6254]

Perfect example, thankyo

[@vanajakamalapuram5767]

Great thank you but why it is not moving in circular path

[@gandsnut]

Seeing the fluoresced proof of the beam of electrons, I'd be curious if a small coil of copper wire were to be placed in the undeflected electron beam path, with the leads to the coil brought outside the tube. Given the coil is made up of copper atoms with clouds of electron shells, might some measurable potential come from the bombardment of the copper with an electron beam? Just curious... Thx.

[@ramanareddy7007]

Super class

[@ericweiss1806]

I am confused by the direction of the deflection. Using the right hand rule (Velocity in direction of index finger, magnetic field in direction of middle finger, shouldn't the force (and deflection) be upward on the first example, when he brings the magnet in from the side?

[@allietripi5906]

I believe this is because the right hand rule uses the conventional flow of electricity (from positive to negative), instead of the actual flow of electrons. Another way to remember is that the velocity refers to the flow of positive ions, not the flow of electrons. In this case the velocity would be traveling AWAY from the phosphorescent screen, the magnetic field pointing to the right, and the force applied downward.

[@madhavanand756]

It is brilliant

[@SunilMishra-bo9jh]

Woww amazing

[@cyb.x]

Wow 😍

[@venkipedia]

i am a physics teacher from Andhra pradesh India. may i use your video for Telugu ( my mother tongue) lesson. thank you.

[@UCEngineeringNZ]

Hi Venkatarao, absolutely you can use this.

[@piyushdhok3622]

very helpful.. indian