The Mission System | California History [ep.2]

[@John-mf6ky]

Man, never knew how little of California's history i actually knew. Such an interesting history though. As a native Oregonian I've always enjoyed the different history of the west coast. California was practically heaven on earth in the early-mid 20th century imo.

[@alolkoydesigns]

Thank you for including my cultural history. I am of Ventura Mission decent via the Channel Island Chumash.

[@ruomingcui7522]

As an international student, these videos REALLY helped me learn the history of California and better prepare for the class. Thank u sooo much fir doing this!

[@alexnavarro6941]

Hello! In the video you said the Spaniards hunted down anyone who escaped the missions. I’m trying to find the original historical references to that, but I can’t find any. Could you show me the references please?

[@CynicalHistorian]

look in the description. Sandos's _Converting California_ is the best for that topic, but Hacke's _Children of Coyote_ is good too

[@thecashman1020]

Proud native/spanish= MEXICAN born in USA

[@kmzstube]

I just visited the San Gabriel mission on Monday. The site of California's first orange tree.

[@musicgirl999]

kmzstube Awesome! My dad grew up on Alhambra, which is not far from there.

[@davidestrada9692]

Hi there are you guys going tomorrow to my house

[@2degucitas]

I made pilgrimage to my parents backyard in Long Beach, home of the first lemon trees my dad planted. Thanks dad.

[@Santiago-xw7dk]

My little cousins go to school at the San Gabriel mission.

[@johnv7834]

I went to San Luis Rey. Interesting history and it holds California’s oldest pepper tree

[@nemesis962074]

Just uploaded and I can't wait for the next one, keep it up man

[@Camibug]

Really enjoy this series!

[@gusthejoker85]

I went to solvang and la Purisima mission was old and made me remember when the Spaniards and Indians were here

[@DeodorantDan]

This is the best history channel on youtube.

[@jeffjohnson1054]

Sam Dolan Sounds to me like a wikk page read off with some online california images. An above-average high school history presentation. No insights. Nothing correlated to our present problems, or any remotest hint at new understandings of modern historical conflicts. B+ don't forget your chapter 12 review packet due monday.

[@AlfredoPuente8]

So religious victory isn't just a Civilization V mechanic.

[@DaglasVegas]

this is becoming one of my favorite channels

[@trailblazintim1622]

What does the graph at 3:01 show? Deaths or population, or something else? I am unclear

[@bobb6668]

GREAT VIDEOS.. THANK YOU !! I hope you will add more to the California Indian History. As a note my ancestor Manuel Butron was Father Serra's Body Guard. He was a Catalonian Volunteer , Serra brought a small group of Catalonian's to protect the Padres and the Indians from the Spanish soldiers who he often was at odds with. . In Monterey my tribe the Costanoan Rumsen Carmel tribe were the majority and dominate tribe of Indians in the Monterey area. Rumsen's believed in 1 Gpd our Creator so they adapted to the Catholic religion easily. Serra arranged for a dowry ( a pinto pony reported in church records for my Indian Ancestor Margarita Dominguez) so she could marry my Catalonian ancestor. Manuel Butron, Serra also gave them jointly the 1st land grant in Calif at Carmel outside the chapel.with the Spanish the Indians and the Church all signing off. He also arranged for the local Rumsen Indians and their children to be educated. Also I hope you will do a video on the 18 LOST California Treaties. Tribes in California signed US Treaties but the Gov. of California Peter Burnett had the US Senate" LOOSE" the treatises for 30 years. Because all treaty land had rivers or creeks, Gov Peter Burnett was afraid the Treaty land contained gold! So he Order all Indians not on a reservation could be shot. Their scalped could be brought to the local Sheriffs who paid $1 a scalp. Any children with them were spared and sold into involuntary servitude by the sheriff till they were 18. This was one of Gov Burnetts first acts as Gov. Since the 18 Treaties were unratifyied those tribes never got their land and the tribal members became INSTANT TARGETS. I would love to discuss this more with you. I am the elected Chairman of the Costanoan Rumsen Carmel Tribe. Bob Burton [e-mail]

[@betsywilde6610]

Do you have an outline for this cynical history? I have 4th grade elementary students.

[@CynicalHistorian]

The closest I've got is my MA thesis, which is linked in the description, but I don't think that's particularly good for teachers either. Honestly, I haven't really thought about trying to make teaching tools out of this series. If you'd like, I could send you the script, but that's pretty much exactly what I said in the video (I do improvise while recording sometimes).

[@betsywilde6610]

That would be great to see the script. I love your videos. They are succinct and give a nice summary for broad spaces in California History. I thought about making my own outline for the students to fill out, or a timeline to annotate.

[@CynicalHistorian]

@@betsywilde6610 here are the first 4 episodes: docs.google.com/document/d/1Rk3HGD-1LShKdPqHdf46m5G3b7jf8dEM4Z2Uy_b8XII/edit?usp=sharing

[@josepmar2744]

@@CynicalHistorian quite interesting your work, thanks for divulgate it; do you know any chart of the evolution of the population of California, differentiating Indians from mestizos, Spaniards, afros, etc? from 1760s onward? thanks

[@CynicalHistorian]

@@josepmar2744 There's a commonly cited graph from _Genocide in Northwestern California_ by Jack Norton that shows the Amerindian population from 1760 to 1900. I used it (though copied from another book) in my race episode of this series. Dunno about differentiating mestizos, since that seems next to impossible without pictures. The census isn't good for differentiating Hispanics in general, so I don't think anyone's done that

[@PendelSteven]

5:09 Can you tell me who that missionary is? Since that face seems very known to me. Resemblances et al.

[@Arcsinner]

Well done video, I know next to nothing about the history of California

[@JoshuaShepherd]

It's pretty brutal. The former state librarian Kevin Starr wrote the 'California Dream' series of history books, which might be a good starting point. They're engaging, readable, and structured around thematic time periods even if he is sometimes too gracious to powerful interests. He was a San Francisco Examiner columnist for some time. As Starr was quick to point out, he regarded Carey McWilliams (author of 'Factories in the Field' & many others) as being the best California historian ever.

[@BountyFlamor]

So some Indians became neophytes and lived around the missions and others remained in their tribes? What was the rough ration between independent Indians and those at the missions?

[@CynicalHistorian]

+BountyFlamor overwhelming independent throughout California. Much higher proportions of neophytes in the areas near missions of course, but still mostly independent

[@jimmyjam-vc6rf]

Very interesting and informative

Thank you very much.

[@wgjung1]

Hyppolite Bouchard (later Hipolito Bouchard)was a French sailor who fought in the Argentina independence wars, on the Argentina side, along with the Irish William Brown who is the creator of the navy in Argentina. Both fought against Spain in Peru and Ecuador. He obtained from the recently formed Argentina government (Provincias Unidas del Rio de La Plata at that time) the patent of corsair and sailed all over the world with the mission of prey the Spanish commerce in different colonies and also to attacks slaves ships of any flag. He traveled around the world and took Monterrey and raised the Argentine flag in that city for six days.

[@rayrombos6469]

Lummis admired the scant importance of Spanish culture that Racism has in it, so inherent in the Anglo-Saxon world of his time. Charles Fletcher Lummis (Lynn, Massachusetts, March 1, 1859 - Los Angeles, November 24, 1928) was an American journalist, historian, photographer, poet, librarian, and American Indian rights activist.

[@iw3892]

Great video! Keep it up!

[@jenniferfisher5250]

Thank you!. I've been looking for history videos to help me on my test. This is a great crash course and well explained. :-)

[@californiai2845]

If you'd like to know what really happened too All California Indians. Read ( An American Genocide) by Benjamin Madly. The Info in this Book is information that hat been kept from the public and not taught in Schools.

[@CynicalHistorian]

@@californiai2845 I've seen you commenting on this video about Madley's book constantly. I like the book, and actually talked with him a few WHA's ago about his then-upcoming book, but it's not appropriate to the content of this video. He barely talks about the mission system, and it's meant to specifically refer to 1849-onward, hence the title having _American_ in the name. Stop spamming my comments section. Go to the video Madley actually corresponded with me producing: kzbin.info/www/bejne/fnvXYZuDjbBpedk Also references are listed in the description, as per usual

[@josepmar2744]

thanks to your video I am reading the list of land grants, which I ve just found on wikipedia; I am spanish interested in comparing land allocation / grant practices of spanish-mexican settlement with those of british-american/US, the underliying mentalities of its elites and its influence on subsequent development; I guess that US sistem did not assigned super-large lands to individuals, and was focused in granting enough land to every settler

[@CynicalHistorian]

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ranchos_of_California

[@fuzzydunlop7928]

So, "El Camino" just means...'the road'?

[@areguapiri]

Yep. And El Camino Royal means The Royal Road (the king's road).

[@ilmaestrovecchio6539]

Duh!

[@ilmaestrovecchio6539]

El Camino REAL

[@kaseym9927]

aregua1 yeah this is so interesting

[@sockjean2967]

Is this why we had to do projects on them in 4th grade? I still hated every second doing it

[@pbierre]

Good series, but would be better with a prequel detailing how the various Native Americans lived there for so long. One question I have is, how is it possible with so abundant natural resources, the Native Americans did not grow population to 10 million. They had plenty of time.

[@bonemo7783]

California actually did have a high population density of native Americans. Anthropologists aren’t sure of exactly how many there were living in aboriginal times but it was much higher than the previously estimated 300,000 in 1800 (which is also long after already having been hit with waves of disease from the Colombian exchange that traveled into CA before Europeans set foot here) The abundance of resources in California was actually in part due to the Natives use of the land, they practiced large scale horticulture with controlled burns to clear underbrush and encourage game and medicinal plants to propagate, they maintenanced the rivers and kept them clear for yearly fish runs, and the Central Valley during that time would flood providing ample resources for the pacific flyway of millions of migrating waterfowl (most of which has been destroyed now and replaced with monoculture agriculture) The natives lived in a multitude of ways depending on the region, but generally they were transhumant, moving between village sites according to the season allowing the land to regenerate. They had trade networks and commonly used abalone shells with punch holes in them on a string or leather piece as a medium of exchange. Valley Indians like the Yokuts would eat nutrient dense acorns that they would ground into flower and make a soup out of it called Wiiwish or breads. Their process of harvesting leeching and processing acorn flour was very elaborate one and was a big social ritual in which a lot of culture revolves around. In the Sierras it was the same with pine nuts and in the deserts it was mesquite beans. All California Indians are well known for their elaborate and beautiful basketry which was made from willow and was water tight. They would even carry basket water bottles with them on long journeys Most tribes were structured in a tribal council system between bands within the tribes and clans that were intertribal Their religion was animistic shamanism with secret societies that followed 3 major religious complexes recognized by anthropologists. The World Renewal tradition in the north similar to that of the Pacific Northwestern tribes. The Kuksu tradition, practiced in the Bay Area and northern valley. And the Toloache tradition, in the south and Central Valley which used entheogenic plants like Datura for divination.

[@Katatawnic]

I can't find part 1. Link, please?

[@dominickjsmith86]

If you every do another piece of history can you pull up Rancho Jamacha and what happen to the natives and why the name Jacome de la marca..

[@inferno0020]

Thank you for this video. To be honest, I think the American historical study of Spanish rule of Latin America has been filled with half-truths and contradictions. The most confusing part is the whole "racial" aspect of colonial Spanish America. We heard of completely contradictory claims from Barbarism of the Casta System and peonage, to the tolerant mestizo identity

[@mirthiwadamoses302]

Great blessing and true parumala

[@dawnlovedobermans]

I wish I could see more on the californios

[@soulfulyaddicted2921]

Thank you! Good stuff =)

[@moanacleaver7972]

6:38

[@roz0n]

The elites got them to fight a war then distributed the lands amongst themselves. Haha classic.

[@acornsucks2111]

Many look for the speck, and ignore the log.

[@kymwright4151]

Is that a giant woman @ 1:05?

[@tiffanydelgadillo55]

You're a life saver :^)

[@3vollady437]

pretty cool

[@Kimmie6772]

I vaguely remember this topic from elementary school in Texas but I was shocked to see this history of missions not much discussed even on the grounds of the Alamo. The sad thing was that, as far as other colonization methods the Europeans (especially the Spanish) and Americans used, this was by far one of the more humane ones. Still colonization nonetheless. One of the most vocal for the better treatment of the natives during this time period was actually formerly part of a mission (forgive me, the name escapes me). Still sad to see the nuances of this history largely overlooked as it was a big part of how the southwest was colonized by the Spanish and it really emphasizes how mixed the history of states such as mine was.

[@jorgezavala8977]

the missions were very far from humane. He is putting it lightly, the natives worked as slaves and thousands were killed for resisting.

[@GreatMewtwo]

What the English primarily did with colonies, The Spanish did with missions.

[@grantsoto6902]

Saw a lot of my ancestors in the rancho section.

[@mgold7185]

i like when it said IM NOT HAPPY ABOUT THIS

[@patrickcummins79]

I wonder how self aware these missionaries were.. I bet literally every one of them thought they were totally justified in their actions, and did not see any bit of this as conquest.. This is why I respect the Mongols, I feel like they did what they did out of a purely "us v them" mentality, and not out of any delusion of "doing god's work (for the common good)"

[@JoshuaShepherd]

About as self aware as a plantation boss?

[@michaeldukes4108]

Joshua Shepherd ... History is rarely that simple.

[@TheGeneralGrievous19]

Well, they were right. 🤷‍♂️ Christianization of unaware people is noble goal - to convince them of Truth and share the Good News. Not to mention educating them, bringing them out of poverty and protecting them from salvery. And Mongols were infamous raiders and pillagers of everything. They didn't create anything rich in culture or science, constantly borrowing from conquered people. The only good thing they did was unintentional - making conncetion between West and Far East. Sancte Junípero Serra, ora pro nobis! 🙏 🇪🇸

[@bonemo7783]

@@TheGeneralGrievous19 cultural genocide at the end of a sword is not a noble goal imo

[@TheGeneralGrievous19]

@@bonemo7783 I'm very sceptical about calling it genocide. First - if there are cultural praticies that are objcetively wrong (like idol worship or polygamy) I do not think dispeling them is a bad thing and simultaneously teaching them Truth about Christ is a good thing. Second - many native customs, myths and languages were actually preserved due to the work of missionaries. Native art was implemented, legends described and sheared, dictionaries written. Third missionaries were never using 'end of a sword' in their work and created societies with no poverty or illietracy in the missions. If someone used force it was Spanish settlers. Even Spanish crown gave protecion for Natives from the very begginig.

[@2degucitas]

Git right to the point. Like it.

[@behonest3639]

I bet u know how to raise the roof 🙌

[@yesid17]

! i knew almost none of this thank you

[@matthewmann8969]

Yeah Whites And Mestizos have done some of the most backtracking of The Amerindians

[@californianoelmarichi8856]

I know the whole story better then this guy because I'm fucken Mexican and I have been in every single one ☝️ them from Mexico 🇲🇽 all the way to Alta California. And the frist missions was in San Diego Calif on July 16 1769 and the last one was founded in July 4 1823 in Sonoma California by Spanish and Mexicans

[@EastLosAngeles1964classic]

Estado de California, Ciudad Este de Los Angeles

[@freddyybarra6387]

Did you just say peacefully wtf

[@moosetoad7289]

I know!!!!

[@behonest3639]

Can always count on you to keep it real my Caucasian brotha all facts baby that’s the only side, the true side my brotha

[@dreadheaddavy]

Were the Native Americans to learn Christianity or Catholicism?

[@kylepietrusiewicz2749]

Catholicism, the original christianity

[@michaeldukes4108]

Kyle Pietrusiewicz ... Arguable.

[@ivetterodriguez1994]

Spain was Catholic so Catholicism.

[@ltlwatcher]

@@michaeldukes4108 What's your argument against the Catholicism being the original Christianity?

[@ilmaestrovecchio6539]

The comparison between the mission Indians and slaves is ludicrous. The Indians were not bought and sold. Their families were not destroyed. Returning Indians to the mission was enforcing the agreement between the Padres and the Indians. Please cite a source for the conditions of the Indians.

[@CynicalHistorian]

Please cite where such a comparison was made. Or are you just being ignorant? Also, look at the bibliography before whining about sources

[@ilmaestrovecchio6539]

I am not as KZbin savvy as a teenager. How do I locate the bibliography?

[@ilmaestrovecchio6539]

Never mind, I found the bibliography. I plan to read the book by Sandos. If you look in the comments you will discover that some commentors think the mission Indians were slaves.

[@CynicalHistorian]

In the description below the video

[@CynicalHistorian]

That's a favorite of mine. _Converting California_ was a really good read. I even cite him in my MA thesis

[@californianoelmarichi8856]

Did these missions look to yo like USA 🇺🇸 no way these missions look more to me like my Mexican 🇲🇽 aciendas

[@michaeldukes4108]

Which look Spanish. What’s your point?

[@EastLosAngeles1964classic]

Si muy parecidads a 🇲🇽

[@bonemo7783]

They were rebuilt many times, and many were left derelict for many year before being rebuilt

[@johnstockwellmajorsmedleyb1214]

Cypher Indians? Were they from India? Granted you as all of us our surely brothers and sisters, I am positive the North American Indigenous Peoples, or First Nations(depicts the matriarchical society), Aboriginal North Americans, or by tribal family name, The Morongos, Hopis, Utes, etc.? Not trying to be a dimwit but also, aboriginals across the globe have no words or system of ownership for anything. Then to clarify North American Aboriginals were by majority transient. They knew of the harsh treatment etc from speaking with other Native Aboriginals.

[@CynicalHistorian]

that's why I use their prefered term: American Indians (at least according to AIM)

[@johnstockwellmajorsmedleyb1214]

The Cynical Historian I feel ya. Ever studied how scalping came to be? Be cool to show how scalping was brought to the Indigenous peoples and not the other way around. Redskin is a good one to.

[@melanieortiz712]

@@CynicalHistorian some of us prefer indigenous. We're older than america.

[@DavesView]

Columbus get a shoutout in each episode

[@richardringer9028]

Columbus another rapest murderer and slaver.

[@newfeagentraymondsaldana3348]

part 2. Neaphites, Interesting

[@8ballentertainment.885]

You forgot the mission inn!!!! Lol riversidian jokes

[@TeethToothman]

🫀

[@patrickcummins79]

This sounds like hell on earth.. subjecting a group of probable hunter gatherers to a lifetime of patronizing sunday school sounds like a fate worse than death.. if you are going to kill me, just do it.. stop patronizing me with your assumption that all humans have original sin.. that is what i would think, if i were a californian native american, in this period

[@TheIsh1000]

Well said

[@areguapiri]

It was hell on Earth. It was another form of institutionalized slavery based on a belief that one group was a superior race.

[@ilmaestrovecchio6539]

The Franciscans maintained that the Indians were fully human because this is Catholic doctrine. This is why they were eager to baptize them. The padres feared that without baptism, the Indians would spend eternity in Hell. The maker of the video has provided a bibliography you should consult it. Greater familiarity with history would acquaint you with the fact that racism is predominantly a19th century phenomenon.

[@TheGeneralGrievous19]

Actually missions in Spanish and French America was very good for native people. More like Heaven on Earth really. They were fully regarded as rightful human beings and treated as such, caring for their Salvation. Fraiars teached them agriculture, educated them - in many instances they reduced illiteracy to zero. Properties were sheared and there was no starving or poverty. The work was never unbearable. Even anti-Christian Voltaire regarded Catholic missions as 'triumph of humanity'. Outside missions natives were most often enslaved and mistreated by secular lords. Mind you it was also against Spanish Crown and papacy which condemend slavery and mistreatment of natives.

[@dylanstipe4896]

I'm chumash and acjachemen thank you for taking about us

[@camarmena]

Tree of hate

[@buckit099]

Pronounced Por toll a

[@greenwhite2566]

Forcefully made indigenous people blessed with salvation 😝😝

[@weird.girl4444]

Anyone else agree that missions are racist?

[@truthseek3017]

Everyone must know that ancient indian wisdom and culture was destroyed purposely! Religion is corrupt!

[@addisondanaher4912]

this is boring

[@theWolfofVaca]

Christianity used to occupy and abuse. 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻

[@ELxSEVEN]

Christianity did not abuse the Spanish rule did. There was a division between church and state. That is why if your familiar with the Catholic Saint: Junípero Serra... St. Junípero protested barefooted from Alta CA to Mexcico City, would you do that to stop slavery and abuse for people? Likely is you wouldn’t.