The Mysterious Architecture of the Universe - with J Richard Gott

J Richard Gott leads a journey through the history of our understanding of the Universe’s structure, and explains the ‘cosmic web’: the idea that our Universe is like a sponge made up of clusters of galaxies intricately connected by filaments of galaxies.
Watch the Q&A here: • Q&A - The Mysterious A...
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J. Richard Gott's book "The Cosmic Web: Mysterious Architecture of the Universe" is available for purchase now - geni.us/EtIx
J Richard Gott was among the first cosmologists to propose that the structure of our Universe is like a sponge made up of clusters of galaxies intricately connected by filaments of galaxies - a magnificent structure now called the 'cosmic web'. In this talk he shows how ambitious telescope surveys such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey are transforming our understanding of the cosmos, and how the cosmic web holds vital clues to the origins of the universe and the next trillion years that lie ahead.
J Richard Gott is Emeritus Professor of Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton University and is noted for his contributions to cosmology and general relativity.
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[@einstu]

What a lovely person. I can imagine him as a teacher more committed to others than his own brilliance.

[@LostArchivist]

Those are the truly brilliant.

[@AndreUchoaUSA]

One question that I raise to myself every time I watch a lesson in this historical place is WHY the RI doesn't install a monitor on the ground in front of the lecturer, so he/she can avoid having the need to look awkwardly up to his/her back every time he/she wants to follow the slides??!!!??!!

[@mkor7]

Really. I used to set up AV equipment and it's standard practice.

[@Judsonator]

They do have monitors installed , but they are located above the entranceways. However, usually the lecturer is using a laser to point out certain features of the current image, which will require them to face the projection screen. I wish the lecturer would use a mouse pointer so that the people watching online would know what was being pointed too. But having also done AV installs, getting all lecturers to cooperate in that way is a futile battle

[@Dr10Jeeps]

As several commenters have noted below, the availability of such amazing science lectures on KZbin is wonderful for humanity. However, in my more cynical moments I can't help but think that those who watch these videos are already members of the choir.

[@HarryNicNicholas]

when people say i have a big brain i tell them a lot of it comes from looking up words i heard in monty python sketches (terpsichorian for instance), the rest of my intelligence is down to the OU putting out those programs at 2:00 am when i couldn't sleep. if we took all those utterly, utterly banal reality shows and replaced them with science, art, literature, almost anything educational (and substantiated, god knows there's enough "secrets of" progs to do yer head in) then maybe we might pull ourselves up to the levels of intelligence of the rest of europe, or maybe japan if we try.

[@CompetitionChris]

I've happily been singing in this choir for years now. I love it. I have nothing to do with it professionally. I'm an electrical technician. But I can watch these kind of videos all day everyday.

[@adamwakoaw]

No not are members of the choir, some of as are just enthusiast;s.

[@jimBobuu]

Just an enthusiast listening while I trudge away at my day job. :-)

[@kierankieran7507]

He sounds like Ross from Friends became extremely interesting. I loved this video, thank you sir

[@DJLiddle]

Completely different accent... one is new York the other deep south

[@cherriedquat]

The joy and enthusiasm are infectious. I'm blessed to live in a time where such excellent content by such formidable people is accessible at my fingertips on the internet. Thank you so much J Richard Gott and The Royal Institution!

[@StevenRud]

A truly fantastic lecture!!! I'm blown away... Mr. Gott is a great speaker, was a joy to listen to him... greatly explained... this should be taught at regular schools! 😇

[@vasantakumarpai3195]

He is a perfect teacher,his language,his expression are more effective than the subject of the talk.

[@theashars9534]

What a wonderful lecture. I like his personal stories and his humility. Thank you.

[@claudiaarjangi4914]

Lol🤣 Total humility.. Completely not impressing us formost with his life story and accomplishments

[@MrGoldenhigh]

Love his enthusiasm, you can tell he loves talking about space.. very interesting

[@mountdrinan1]

Yeah. He never grew up.

[@di7948]

He is a treasure and i'm surprised at his light footprint on the web. Yes Richard, most of us had no clue that things like Andromeda were that big in the sky though diffuse. I'd never heard anyone explain that before, thank you, answers a few questions in my mind.

[@vitormartins5742]

Great, great talk, just so charismatic. I think it boils down to the fact that, despite so many amazing accomplishments, the professor comes across as very humble. That's a fundamental quality for an educator.

[@claudiaarjangi4914]

Haha, I'm sure he isn't impressing upon us his accomplishments

[@1959Berre]

What a wonderful personality. His enthousiasm is striking. His laugh reminds me of Sheldon Cooper.

[@joro8604]

I love his delivery. Does not make me feel stupid.

[@Ticklersoft]

Thank you for sharing!

[@volkzmedizen8171]

"The universe is a big place. Perhaps, the biggest."

[@HarryNicNicholas]

i wish we could annex creationists.

[@1SpudderR]

Volkzmedizen Hmm? Wrong? ! The Universe is not a big place! When compared to Nothing! Nothing Is the “Biggest Place” and the Universe is nothing when compared to it

[@55rebels]

@@1SpudderR ....and where exactly is this "nothing" you speak of, Robert? Even so-called empty space is far from empty as we have found out of late... are you speaking of the space between atoms? Maybe a parallel universe?

[@1SpudderR]

55rebels Hmm? It seems as though you have not grasped the power of “Nothing!” And it is not for me to inform you...but for U to find out! It is equivalent to experiencing viewing from a mountain top or just looking at a media photo of the same apparent scene! When you Understand great! Then get back to me! Might take you some time getting to the mountain top.

[@55rebels]

@@1SpudderR LOL!!... Good "luck" with that

[@matthewsutton3682]

This was a great lecture. Enlightening, enjoyable, well-paced.

[@HDGameWizard]

This is really amazing ... ... how incredibly creative these people are in coming up with fantastical and complex THEORIES which they show a couple mathematics algorithms and theorems and claim that to be absolute proof that the theory is fact, without ANY empirical evidence whatsoever. Where is Occam's Razor in all this nonsense ? There are so many theory's you must accept as fact gaining complexity as you delve through the pile of garbage. Relativity contradicts itself as it requires everything to pass through a transform algorithm with an assumption that the speed of light is a fixed number -- which can't be measured due to the same algorithm being needed to take the measurement. This is not empirical data. It is fantastical gibberish passed on as fact to those unwilling or too lazy to question the absence of empirical data.

[@johntowner1893]

Very good presentation. Liked the speakers personal insight experience and passion

[@bombattzorzz]

Such a fantastic lecture. I thoroughly enjoyed this.

[@richarddeese1991]

Here's someone I would actually enjoy having as a professor! Thanks. :) Rikki Tikki.

[@clare2385]

I left the last ever astronomy class of my school life just 10 minutes ago. We were talking about the expansion of the universe and so on and about the cosmic web as well!

[@clare2385]

I left in a state of euphoric inspiration.

[@houseplant1016]

Ah relatable

[@riadhalrabeh3783]

The best lecture I ever listened to. Very calm, but heavily loaded but easy to follow. Thank you.

[@Toxiferin]

1.Raisinbread 2.Meatballs 3.Soup 4.Pancakes 5.Honeycombs I got hungry after all those food-references :(

[@archersterling4044]

I'll watch later thanks for the heads up

[@davids9522]

I was just scrolling down to say the exact same thing. You beat me to it hahahaha, but you forgot the swiss cheese haha

[@theironblitz]

The History of the Universe: Footballs -> Raisinbread -> Meatball Soup, Pancakes (Honeycombs, Marco Polo); Bubbles of Steam;

[@henrywang6931]

Swiss cheese, champagne

[@jaaaadn]

hmmm pigskin

[@owencampbell4947]

After watching this very well explained lecture of the cosmic, universes, galaxies and sponge structures, through theoretical observations overwhelmingly agreed by most, I can't help myself but have a rare feeling, we're taking part in a growing new brain.

[@1SpudderR]

Owen Campbell Yep.....Your Own! Remember......Everything, all those galaxies, billions of them.....thousand of light years wide or circumferences, One look, and they are All confined in your brain....and You are outside registering it! Now do you see how the lecture really is going nowhere....and Everything is already in Your Brain 🧠

[@owencampbell4947]

@@1SpudderR maybe, maybe not, it's just your opinion, it's just your view of reality, not mine. It's your understanding the way you were influenced to understand, a buddhist is influenced to understand in a different way so is everyone else. If it wasn't that way, we would all ride through one tunnel one view, one understanding. We express our thoughts and contribute to the construction in all matters whether positive or negative. It's not one man's world and his understanding, it's that of many and yet we miss true answers.

[@1SpudderR]

Owen Campbell Hmm! Striving to release thinking from cultural influence conditioning...a Perception back to You.....the pinion Of The commencement of an opinion....and wherever you observe in space at whatever is illuminated, the transfer is “straight” just as spokes on a Wheel the input to Perception comes from the Unlimited circumference Which by definition must also be straight to the Absolute.

[@owencampbell4947]

@@1SpudderR how can we understand the universe if we haven't even completed to understand the worlds of living species around us. We can't even communicate or exchange informations with living species on earth, but want to explain perception, reality, consciousness, illusion and the tasks of a brain. In our world we can do so, we convince ourselves of knowing by learning, but isn't that just a mechanism? the importance lays on the living ones, not on the dying ones. If we don't accept the reality of our existence and the existence of what surrounds us, we will have a hard time solving the problems if ever, of the meaning of being. We can think of being outside of us, but we can also think of being inside a body. Just because there's no theoretical source that claims such, it doesn't mean its absurd.

[@josephsmith6777]

This guys model of the self making universe is amazing

[@stevefaure415]

I like this fellow, it's like watching Don Knotts explain the mysteries of the universe. This is a compliment!

[@medievalmusiclover]

Great lecture. !!!

[@kokopelli314]

Really nice presentation

[@pjapy]

Food for our imagination! Astounding

[@jgeorge2465]

U have to love that jacket.

[@marin4311]

I'm happy that the Universe is made of Champagne !

[@rubenducheny2788]

WONDERFUL!!

[@jeffrooow]

I love his enthusiasm. It's a shame the crowd didn't respond much to his jokes. they were funny to me XD

[@willfreese]

Timing. He needs to work on his delivery if he is ever going to be a comic. And yes, I recognize the irony in waiting two years to post this reply.

[@MrBitterman75]

Bill Freese You beat me to it just by 3 weeks.

[@turgidbanana]

His timing and delivery sucks. I didn't really laugh much at his jokes.

[@mountdrinan1]

@@turgidbanana what. There were jokes ?

[@dr.paulwilliam7447]

Excellent!

[@tadeth]

Why do I enjoy learning about the cosmos, while at the same time I feel hopeless when the vastness of the Universe gets on the way, and the staggering time it takes to overcome.

[@lklmmedia4715]

Love RI lectures to bits! One query - maybe it is just a few too many years out of Physics - but at the 11:10 mark - the 1975 paper where Time is the Y axis and r (Rate?) is the X axis - doesn't this type of graphing violate normal linear graphing techniques (especially where Time is represented) - Time should be the X axis in this case (as in most cases) - since the Linear relationship then prevents the Rate folding back in on itself in some Weird hyperbole arc. Seems more like it is drawn up to represent the "unexpectedness of the finding" rather than showing the "rate" starting Low, then going High, then going Low - in this case it is more like "starts left, then goes right, then goes left" - which is NOT a true means of communicating the graph.

[@andrewk3507]

Time is not independent in GR. Remember, time is relative and the speed of light constant - more specifically causality.

[@backuosndnd]

Awesome Video

[@YogiMcCaw]

This guy is great! This lecture not only is an exposition of his idea(s), but also a comprehensive, yet easily understandable review of the science history that led up the formation of his ideas. He makes such concepts as negatively curved space and multidimensional geometric structures understandable to non-scientists in a way I haven't seen the other famous physicists do. This guy is doing major deep science, but you get the feeling he could easily explain it to you at a backyard barbeque over a beer. Science needs guys like Mr Gott.

[@BaldingClamydia]

Wonderful lecture! I had to look up the word "nutriment" because I didn't think it was real, but I was wrong. :D Thanks for a new word as well.

[@clivewells7090]

It's a fine drink over here!

[@MuggsMcGinnis]

I've hoped for a long time tat it would turn out the filaments formed around cosmic strings. I wish people used different terms for different categories of multiverse. The multiple universes are nothing like the multiverse model used to account for quantum mechanics, e.g. Many Worlds.

[@me_and_me_]

I READ THIS GUY BOOK, AND I CAN ASURE YOU GUYS THAT THIS GUY IS THE "GUY"

[@PtolemySoter]

this also shows implication to gravitation sponge like density fluctuations

[@MrPiha]

perfect

[@PazLeBon]

I cant help picturing rocket fireworks every time I imagine the big bang, like a huge one in timelapse

[@drania76]

Wait a sec, what kind of lense is he talking about 5.00? Does he mean gravitational lensing? But how does this apply to Doppler’s shift? Doppler’s shift applies to mechanical waves such as sound and waves in kinetic sense rather than electromagnetic.

[@martinzitter4551]

"Over the next trillion years, or so." Gotta love it...

[@kconger_]

"Gott-a love it..."

[@aleempashashaik3318]

WOW !!

[@hannuhytonen445]

Dark matter was discovered already on 1933 by Z-man. Why my physics teacher never mentioned about it then?

[@zaynab4032]

God, where have I been from this 💛

[@marccox8977]

Honestly many of the recent cosmology theories such as the multi-verse theory , dark energy , dark matter etc gained very little traction and so before this presentation didn't make it into my tool chest for modeling the universe . However, Richard Gott does good science based on empirical observable data here and draws plausible , even probable analogies between what are known facts and those particular theories here. In fact his sponge-like theory of the basic cosmological (super)structures of the universe makes sense and probably deserves a Nobel for Gott , especially when you consider how long his theory has been extant and how each new iteration of data only buttresses and reinforces it.

[@martinzitter4551]

Gott does a fine job of teaching and summarizing the current understanding without breaking any ground himself, thus, no Nobel.

[@martinzitter4551]

That is a totally nonsensical statement.

[@milton3204]

Many of those ideas are not only not connected to each other, but they each have different levels of evidence based support. You say "darkmatter" and "darkenergy" gained little traction, whereas the research literature says they are the most well supported ideas for the problems they tackle.

[@PazLeBon]

I think many of us have just as plausible theories that can never be proven too to be fair :)

[@AB-yr6ps]

I agree. I had no idea that many of these discoveries took place as early as the 1930's. Many people today have no idea what dark matter or dark energy is, so I definitely didn't think it was known or theorized to exist in the 30's. Better lecture than I expected. I like that old guy. Ugly ass suit and tie though.

[@rachendrapyakurel9911]

I've always enjoyed his talks and this ain't disappointed me either :')

[@kevinrawley5208]

Every time he mentions someone winning a nobel prize I can hear the Sodium Chloride in his voice.

[@squarerootof2]

Is that the only photo of Fritz Zwiky?

[@AlanWinterboy]

Fascinating, and beautifully explained. I only wish 6 out of every 7 sentences didn't end with an upward inflection. Drives me nuts, lol. But I listened all the way through anyway, that's how well it's laid out.

[@martineastburn3679]

Interesting. When I was a small boy 7 or 8 my thoughts were fantastic to think. The Sun was just a sparkle from a match or lighter striking a flint. Each 'star' created was like our sun and we were just in the hand of a monster size world. Not far from some real thoughts.

[@periurban]

The space making up your body is expanding at the same rate as the space between your body and the galaxies in the Hubble Deep Space Field picture. relative to the scale of the universe the expansion is now very slow. 20,000 kps is the accumulation of all of the expansion between here and there. Not very fast at all.

[@mobydick6420]

I wonder why Vera Rubin never gets any mention in Dark Universe presentations.

[@boggo3848]

Sean Carroll mentioned her in his talks.

[@combedpubes]

Excellent lecture, really enjoyed that :)

[@vsiegel]

The science of natural language processing works on applying AI and deep learning to summarize text. They may be interested in cooperation.

[@combatINFOcenter]

I’m strangely hungry after listening here. Pancakes, meatballs, raisin bread.

[@3zan6bel9]

Hubble never made any remarks or assumptions about redshift and the moving away from us

[@oscar7040]

starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/redshift.html be a starchild

[@battlefieldcustoms873]

why or why not does the higgs boson go on the periodic table? and if it does where does it go?

[@west9492]

Here After the Movie Mirage...heard his name in the movie...the cosmic web by Richard Gott...

[@jietzemiedema8002]

It started with a hard big bang. Is extrapolling proof. Does it means hard loud sound in nothing?

[@PleasestopcallingmeDoctorImath]

i had no idea doug stanhope was sober

[@dickhamilton3517]

the guy is a bit of a wreck, is he not. thin at the top, slack in the middle.

[@ElZottelo]

I need that beach ball!

[@terranrepublic7023]

5:54 Speaker: "It looked like a football" Child Audience: "My life is a lie" Adult Audience: "Damn Yanks"

[@OmgEinfachNurOmg]

I am little bit confused, does the universe now expands forever or will it eventually reach a maximum and deflate?

[@marmarmariner]

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe

[@gabriellesutherlandphd5731]

It will continue to expand :)

[@rohitchat5538]

Wishing you happy teachers day regards 🙏🙏..great deep Learning broadly as well ocean ocean Abundance 🙏🙏perfactly stats base of AI.

[@MasterMLG07]

Yeah i was literally just thinking today about how reality is like swiss cheese but everybody treats it like cheddar

[@HomeMoviesdotCa]

2 questions - 1/ if the oldest galaxies imaged are 13.5 billion years ago, a) does it not seem probable they don't exist anymore b) ergo the imaging does not portray the universe as it really is today, therefore all the 'assumptions' about it could very probably be wrong ? 2/ at 54:01 does that cosmic web look like the neural network of a human brain, and the 'sponge' representation at 56 looks like an MRI of a human brain - a) could we be 'living' inside a universe size brain ? b) could expansion of it mean we are living inside the brain of an unborn child developing in it's mother's womb ? - holy fuckamoly, eh !

[@brian554xx]

Meaningfulness and meaninglessness intertwined in equal parts, distributed in sponge-like formation. Fitting.

[@rayengineer4946]

So which parts do you consider meaningful and which meaningless? And why? Do you have a model that better fits the observations?

[@ghasemahmadi3616]

I bought a piece of land for investment a new years ago. Can I sell it to a resident of another galaxy with a profit in a few hundred years from now? It is in a good location.

[@mooppoopzippp7015]

How do we know vacuum energy has no hydraulic type force it is not something we can create in a laboratory Nor is it something that is foreseeable to have within our Solar System. If it does that would be fuel for a faster than light travel.

[@GenXer82]

I always wonder if there is "order" or a specific pattern to the cosmic web (just as the Milky Way is spiral). Maybe this is a 3D representation of a beautiful higher dimensional structure...🤔

[@GrunOne]

It could be that this foam structure of the universe becomes highly regular/consistent at much larger scales and that we are as atoms staring up at what is the form of large material structures using the largest forces in our understanding as the small forces that bind their 'molecules' together!

[@GenXer82]

Cats of Ulthar I’ve heard something like that. Some people call it the “slime mold model”. Others refer to it as “God’s Brain”, due the similar neural structure of the human brain.

[@Tom_Quixote]

Ok so if space is expanding, surely the space inside galaxies is also expanding, making them bigger? And the space inside planets and stars, isn't that also expanding? So if the "raisin bread" doubles in size, but all the raisins also swell to twice the size, doesn't that mean nobody would notice that anything expanded at all?

[@christopherbenham8044]

That's not how it works in the bread analogy raisins are the galaxies; the space around the galaxies are the bread. Galaxies are held together by gravity. The space between each galaxy is expanding.

[@deepalikakkar2758]

Yes correct! And the ultimate end of it, as physicist call it "The Big Rip", where in the end even the space between the atom will expand to such an extent that electrons will be pulled apart then the universe will be left with just the soup of fundamental particles ultimately then all the quantum fields will die down there will be just pure darkness left with no trace of anything.

[@marmarmariner]

This is a wonderful presentation. Subtitles are ridiculous unfortunately. For non-native English speakers/listeners like me, this can be a problem.

[@TheRoyalInstitution]

Yes, the ones on there are automatically generated by KZbin so can be a bit hit and miss. We would love to provide high quality closed captions for all of our videos but with a small team it will take time so bear with us! All of our short form content is subtitled though so hopefully you can find something you enjoy there.

[@mow184]

The Royal Institution Thank you for all you do. Could I also please request that the edits be done in a more commonsensical manner? This video isn't the worst offender compared to many of your other videos but I notice that the editor often cuts to the speaker's face just when s/he is making a point about something on the slide displayed. Makes it frustratingly hard to follow what they are talking about and has often ruined (for me) what have otherwise been magnificent lectures. A bonus would be to have a camera trained on the actual screen in the auditorium rather than showing the slides from their PowerPoint file. That way, us plebs on KZbin could see the speaker's laser pointer :) Thanks in advance for your consideration.

[@dogfacedgod]

This was interesting. Honestly I thought he'd be a much better speaker. He kind of goes off on tangents but comes back to at least tie it together, albeit loosely at times. I wish RI would show the speaker's laser pointer!

[@TheRoyalInstitution]

It's hard to get right as it doesn't show up on camera very well, and it won't show up at all if we full screen the slides. We do have some ideas to try to improve on it so watch this space.

[@dogfacedgod]

I kind of figured that's why it wasn't shown. Still, kudos to you for producing such high-quality and informative lectures!

[@davidwilkie9551]

Comprehensive

[@brianeldredge9]

I didn't know John Turturro did physics lectures too.

[@venkateshbabu5623]

The maximum size would be approximately light speed by planks length.

[@venkateshbabu5623]

Ten power hundred miles.

[@ShaileshWagh123]

Professor proton from BBT.. 1st impression

[@soonfajsk8787]

What a suit

[@arekkrolak6320]

Ok, so I get how we can tell there is a lot of mass in distant clusters of galaxies, now how did we come to the conclusion this mass is not made of protons and neutrons is somewhat missing here...

[@haoss5ice]

this man sound like Ross Geller...

[@nathanokun8801]

Note something: The seed that created our inflation was concentrated and small. Where did it come from? There must be other such seeds, a few like ours and most totally different, coming into existence continuously in a churning infinite number of "virtual" creations, each creating perhaps an inflation like ours, but mostly something totally different (from us and from each other, of course). Thus, the "multiverse" discussed now is merely a cluster (perhaps infinite, perhaps not) of related universes (by basic physical laws). Most such alternate universes would be based on totally different sets of laws (or something else altogether) in an inconceivable "omniverse" (inconceivable both to our physical laws, to all human philosophies, or to the farthest fringes of human madness). Such an omniverse would have NO LAWS WHATSOEVER (what would enforce them?).

[@HarryNicNicholas]

"must" - ryou really ought to try avoiding the word "must" as in "must be other seeds" cos what you really ought to say is "i have no idea, isn't it fascinating". inconceivable !!. inigo: You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it means.

[@nathanokun8801]

@@HarryNicNicholas You are probably correct about the word "must". I get your reference to THE PRINCESS BRIDE, but "inconceivable" is exactly what I meant: Can you imagine a color that you have never seen? Yet you know what colors are and what your eyes tell you about the world. Most of the "omniverse" would be made up of things with no relation at all to anything whatsoever in our universe so we would not be able to imagine or even detect them. How can such a thing have rules? Who or what would enforce them? We cannot even say how entanglement works or where the truly random numbers that quantum mechanics shows come from (note that while they are truly random, they stay within the ranges calculated by QM equations). How do they know from test to test how to spread themselves out in a bell-shaped-curve or whatever the distribution is? They have to have some ability to "remember" what the previous values have been (next values will be?) or all formulae would give the same distribution all of the time. And this is using known formulae about things we can see for ourselves. Anything else would be beyond our imagination...

[@timgeurts]

15:00

[@WarzSchoolchild]

A stunning lecture. Quote :- 8:39 "...There were two speakers in the audience they feared..." (Richard Feynman) ... xbradtc2.com/2015/04/03/a-quick-history-of-us-navy-flight-deck-tractors/ This link relates to Aircraft Carrier Deck Tractors.. For example the Newly launched Queen Elizabeth. will doubtless be training with F35-C Lightning, .... Fully loaded 22 metric tonnes. over 30 metric tonnes fully fuelled. Velocity on deck is often only one meter per second. One squared is one. so 22 metric tonnes at 1.0 m/s has a stored kinetic energy of 11,000 Joules. The other half being the Newtonian Reaction on the Deck. The principle of "Galilean invariance" below deck, would not reveal the velocity or direction of the Aircraft Carrier. The Queen Elizabeth might be at anchor or cruising at 15 m/s (about 30 knots) ... DARK ENERGY.... A fool might think that the Deck tractor driver could detect the movement by the "Power Consumption Meter" on his battery driven tractor. At anchor reaching a velocity of 1.0 m/s with 22,000 kilos load is going to consume a minimum of 11,0000 Joules. and if The Queen Elizabeth is cruising at 15 m/s, the tractor will have a new velocity of 16 m/s. (16 X 16) - (15 X 15) = 31, & 31 x 11,000 = 341,000 Joules. So this fool Deck tractor driver, firmly believing the "unqualified and unrestricted" demonstrably erroneous Laws of Energy Conservation, that the Public (NOT MILITATY...!!!!...) deliberately brainwash students with. (If the General Public had access to unlimited Free Energy, they would undoubtedly make lethal mischief with it...!!!...) ...So NO the Power Meter would NOT register anything near 341,000 Joules. it would be much closer to 11,000 Joules. (Galilean invariance is absolutely KEY to understanding both relativity and "DARK ENERGY". Experimental proof of Dark Energy can be validated by some of the simplest and reliable metrology experiments in the Physics Laboratory.... We now have SOLAR POWER costing 5 cents a unit to produce. The Military know that Energy Storage is a vital priority. Elon Musk's ""HYPER-LOOP ALPHA" Project, is just one of the test beds for Over-Unity Kinetic Energy Storage. ... Humanity risks High Intensity, Thermonuclear War over dwindling Oil resources. Unsubsidised 5 cents a Unit Electricity from Solar combined with efficient storage, that requires high velocity stored kinetic energy, provides a welcome alternative to fossil fuels. India has just cancelled a Coal Power Station in favour of Solar. This trend will continue. China plans to decommission all her coal power plant. . Beware of what can happen when Science promotes seemingly plausible balderdash! as a sacred taboo. J. Richard Gott has given us a delightfully detailed account of "Dark Matter and Dark Energy" laying dormant within the fabric of our universe. Clearly a very fertile field of further investigation and research. We live in a 'Generous Universe'... We may discover an energetic generosity beyond our wildest dreams? just waiting for us to harvest it.

[@chazbuck9330]

When I measured the redshift it was pink. OMG!!!!

[@HarryNicNicholas]

from where i am standing it looks turquoise...

[@ethanthompson1773]

He looks like mr. Roger's and Steve buscemi

[@androidkenobi]

Who sees a human image in the Park 1990 image? Clearly, this must be an invitation, right, Dr. Shaw?

[@dannysisk9458]

Where can I see this image??

[@NazarethSandoArt]

It's a crime that he wore that suit without a feathered hat.

[@DiscoGreen]

Helped him make galaxies first.. "which is what he wanted to do" .. look hypothesis is good when observations do not match predictions.. but jwst is apparently finding high metalicity huge galaxies (oh.. now they're 1mx stars?) Just 400m years after recombination.. what's next dark dark energy? Inflation before inflation? Or maybe.. maybe... variable speed of light/time.

[@1Reevee]

Somehow Voronoi diagrams have to be related to this

[@andybeans5790]

47:00 "...based on the Cold Dark Matter model of Jen Peebles" one of the old co-hosts of the Atheist Experience 😁

[@1OldWriter]

Or the matter is normal bar ionic matter that's in one of the other dimensions that we at the moment can't look into. Anyone suggesting it's an exotic particle in our normal dimensions shows their closed mindedness. They've been looking for so many year that if it was in or dimensions we should have found it but they've not had a single hit, thus it's not there.

[@ghost4548]

Raison Bread? = Red Shift? = accurately measures distances? OH, my bad. I keep forgetting C² is 'ABSOLUTE.' Nothing is absolute.

[@GrunOne]

C is not absolute. In different materials it's different. But in the vacuum, and with a direct line of sight, it is easily understandable.

[@ghost4548]

You'd better contact the national science foundation and tell them 'C' is not the speed of light (as Einstein would have us believe).

[@DonaldSleightholme]

I’m wondering if calculations could be wrong? what if burning or fusion energy emitted a different colour light. different elements might produce different colours from scientific observation.. I’m just assuming that all the calculations were based on white light? 🤷‍♂️

[@davids9522]

who actually dislikes videos like this?? Doesnt make any sense at all.

[@Jax.Scorpio]

Religious nuts

[@GrunOne]

Someone butthurt that humans call sportsball by different names in different places :p

[@kotyto]

The Dinosaur is hallucinating, and then it is morning :-)

[@billybragg2729]

5:25 Aan Staan. Love the accent... He means 'Rugby ball' at 5:50.

[@josephsmith6777]

No he means a american football pointed at each end not rounded at the ends but its a american thing we call football soccer

[@vitormartins5742]

Not gonna lie, I cringed a little bit when he called the oval thing a "fahtbahll" inside the RI in England haha That's obviously just a little blunder but it would have been nice if he had said "what we in the US call a football".