The Northern Renaissance: Crash Course European History #3

The European Renaissance may have started in Florence, but it pretty quickly moved out of Italy and spread the art, architecture, literature, and humanism across Europe to places like France, Spain, England, and the Low Countries.
SOURCES:
Hunt, Lynn et al. The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures, 6th ed. Boston: Bedford St. Martins, 2019.
Jardine, Lisa. Erasmus, Man of Letters. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
Donald R. Kelley, Renaissance Humanism. Boston: Twayne, 1991.
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[@crashcourse]

Hey! Thanks for watching. We had to re-upload, and we appreciate your patience. We misstated the date that Erasmus went to college, so we made a change, and here's the corrected video. -stan

[@stoicism388]

I was worried why it disappeared! Lol thank you so much, Stan!

[@J_T_B]

thanks stan the man

[@michaelkabilov6348]

Thanks

[@sagesheahan6732]

I'm pretty sure we're okay with you guys taking ng down and reuploading videos for corrections. These are suppose to be educational, so it matters they're right. Thank you for all you guys do!

[@wisdomleader85]

I had to set the speed at 1.25x to get the old John Green back, but thanks.

[@janpolak7013]

Mr. Green! Mr. Green! Some mammals CAN lay eggs!

[@jackofalltrades9259]

+

[@baronDioxid]

And they're the *best* mammals!

[@andreimoga7813]

Are you John-From-the-Past?

[@angelolorilla2050]

And male mammals have two eggs... Oops... Wrong eggs...

[@WindFireAllThatKindOfThing]

Thanks, Thought Bubble!

[@lhfirex]

I always like the questions John Green asks of us at the end of these history videos.

[@VashdaCrash]

Me too, these were specially awesome, though difficult . I'd go for some kind of equilibium between the dichotomies he presented. It would look messy as a result, but much better than taking some extreme in most issues.

[@gf1917]

Same! Especially when they are balanced like this.

[@VashdaCrash]

@The Illumination Are you actually concerned with their age for something reason, or are you trying to mock their comment?

[@DanileXu]

same. he always puts some thought-provoking questions which are really of vital importance. a brilliant teacher is the one who not only teach u what he thinks, but also teach u how to think and get ur own answer ur own lens of observing the world

[@DeathToTheDictators]

@The Illumination I suggest you look up 'ad hominem logical fallacy' (to realize how such a question is irrelevant)

[@michaelpisciarino5348]

0:00, 0:34 Renaissance *_Northern Renaissance_* Gutenberg's Printing Press 2:36 Literacy Rate Rising 3:30 Painting 4:30 The Father, The Patriarch 5:13 Girls get some education. Universities grow. Humanism, Human Society, Human Law Erasmus- Beginning of The Reformation 7:52 Protestant Reformation "Luther hatched a different bird entirely" 8:30 Machiavelli, father of Classical Liberalism "Better to be feared, then love." _Art of War_ (Win War, Gain Power, Rule Powerfully) 10:23 Thomas More, _Utopia_ , Executed for opposing Henry VIII Divorce/Anglicanism 11:23 _Book of the City of Ladies_ by Christine De Pizan: Queen Virgin Mary, Idealism vs Realism 13:07 Where you sit in the world

[@person14876]

Thank you kind stranger

[@pedrocacela1885]

Machiavelli isn't the father of classical Liberalism, because CL begin in early 18th century England with Adam smith, Stuart Mill et altri. Besides, CL is an economical doctrine based on Calvinism, not an amoral negative anthropology, which was what Machiavelli created. As for Thomas More, he did in fact intimately opposed Anglicanism but he did not oppose Henry's divorce because he said nothing against it or in favor of it. The king interpreted this silence as hostility towards his actions and had him executed. Yes, Henry the VIII was a Machiavellian. Thank you for your post, it was an interesting read.

[@monicamoon9785]

+

[@jad__lad]

Thanks, this helps alot with homework

[@skyrimhomie5449]

🙏

[@jn8712]

Sad to see you omit the continuation of Machiavelli's "better be feared than loved" instruction: "Nevertheless a prince ought to inspire fear in such a way that, if he does not win love, he avoids hatred; because he can endure very well being feared whilst he is not hated." That caricature of Machiavelli as a sociopath writing instruction books for tyrants is regrettably common.

[@Abahrelgazalia]

Also, sad to see Machiavelli discussed solely through the Prince. His Discourses paints a much more nuanced picture of his political views. He was interested in political stability, which could be achieved either through effective authoritarianism (The Prince) OR through a complex system of laws designed to inhibit rapid change in a Republic (Discourses).

[@Nasir3623]

But Machiavellian philosophy is evil

[@VittamarFasuthAkbin]

@@Nasir3623 no

[@nicolapacella5966]

@@Nasir3623 It's not philosophy and it's not evil.

[@shitsandgiggles9996]

@@Nasir3623 care to explain why you think it is evil?

[@InspectHistory]

Love Green Brothers so much, we believe the existence of Crash Course, definitely influence a lot of education creators in YT today :))

[@historyexplained916]

I am a small history channel, and I'm wondering if you could shout me out on your channel one day.

[@kaan4040]

History Explained what language are you speaking?

[@historyexplained916]

English. How about you?

[@InspectHistory]

@@FlamingBasketballClub "History", we speak Bahasa Indonesia, but also provided English Subtitle :)

[@pongop]

@@InspectHistory Terima Kasih!

[@PsychologyinTamil]

Crash Course is not the same without John Green. He kind of brings Wisdom to the table.

[@samlane5270]

John's voice is exactly what I need in my life right now.

[@maxgullberg9733]

Can we just take a moment to appreciate the fact that John said football, and not soccer?

[@rajnair4678]

Would have been more happy had he said catennacio instead of defensive football lol

[@jenniferli3181]

I would have preferred soccer.I’ve already wondered if the Americans have football for soccer than what do they call football?

[@LANeverSleeps]

It is European history after all ;)

[@xxafthabxx9346]

Wait for it........

[@kingdot4677]

Jennifer Li Gridiron or Gridiron Football

[@TheLadyRochester]

Yes! I’m so glad you mentioned Christine de Pizan! I didn’t hear about her until my senior year of college in a course on the Rhetorical Tradition (from the Greeks to present-day European philosophy). Thank you for including women intellectuals in European History!

[@Shoopdelaang]

I read Machiavelli's The Prince in high school and I totally was amazed by it. It definitely got me hooked on political science. I couldn't believe that such an old text could feel so relevant and captivating.

[@russellconklin960]

Some other good points that The Prince was not meant to be good advice: - One of his more famous pieces of advice is to arm native country men as they are by far more favorable than foreign armies or mercenaries. This seems like good advice at first, until you consider that he's giving it to a tyrant ruling over a former republic (one which had a previous republican uprising that was thwarted). The ruler's own countrymen, if armed, are likely to overthrow him. - He advises ruling from within the city itself rather than being removed from the city. This, again, seems like bad advice that would make an overthrow far easier.

[@genericyoutubeaccount579]

@@russellconklin960 Only unpopular leaders are in danger of a coup. If you follow "The Prince" then you won't be unpopular. -The average person does not want anything from their government. They just want to not be oppressed and left alone. Avoid cramming down your values on your subjects for they will resent you. -If you must punish the populace or a rebellious subject nation then make it swift and brutal. Quick punishments are forgotten but long humiliations only further stir up resentment. If only Germany had listened to this advice when making the French pay reparations in 1871. Or the French in 1919. Or the Xiongnu who demanded yearly tribute from China. -Avoid supporting allies who actively oppress their people as this will hurt your own popularity. Other great advice: -People with little power must use "fortuna" or luck/chance to gain more power. People with lots of power should avoid taking such large risks and instead rely on "virtue" or stability. This is basic game theory.

[@Nasir3623]

But Machiavellian philosophy is evil

[@russellconklin960]

@@genericyoutubeaccount579 Not breaking promises is also basic game theory. Only unpopular leaders are in danger of a coup? "It is better to be feared than loved" This book is filled with contradictions, but one thing it does NOT describe is how to be popular with your citizens.

[@genghiskhan5701]

@@genericyoutubeaccount579 'Avoid supporting allied who actively oppress their people as this will hurt your own popularity' Cough US government cough Saudi Arabia

[@CrisSelene]

I am so glad you discussed Christine de Pizan. I studied women in medieval Europe and came across her texts. She is really a fascinating and inspirational person. P. S. I laughed a lot at Machiavelli is the Erasmus living in the Upsidedown

[@eedobee]

I love how mellow you’ve come as you’ve gotten older. Your high energy schtick was fun, but this is much nicer.

[@angelolorilla2050]

Is it just me or did John had a bit more enthusiastic voice than he had last episode? By the way, another great lesson. As a history geek, I really love your videos. :3

[@Madhattersinjeans]

He's been bringing up a child so he's a bit tired out I think. Poor guy needs some time off work.

[@wisco_simple]

I've learned so much more about history from John Green than I ever did at public school. Thanks for educating the masses.

[@kanglongshankz3313]

Relying on Crash Course for your historical education. How sad.

[@phalgunvedantam1388]

Changed the speed to 1.25 just to make this feel like crash course again.

[@ethanmayes7297]

+

[@ognitron8191]

9:07 I love how, after he mentioned that Niccolo's shoulders were dislocated, John Green doesn't tell us that he was fine afterward, suggesting mans wrote a damn book with screwed up shoulders

[@sidharth97]

John: "..ballet, fascism, automatic weapons,pizza and defensive minded football" Most people: "He said football!! :o" Me: " He understands enough football to make a reference about the spread of defensive football from Italy across mainland Europe :O"

[@JKCWvids]

I hope some day you will do Asian History.

[@malleableconcrete]

Bit of a broad topic eh? How about separate series for the history of China, Persia, India, Japan etc?

[@andreimoga7813]

Yea, it's a bit much, but I can sooner see Asian History condensed in 45-50 episodes than loosened over 7-8 series with, like, 10-12 episodes.

[@gf1917]

@@malleableconcrete They also skipped the first few thousand years of European history and will probably disproportionately focus on colonial countries, Italy and Germany while barely mentioning the rest. The same way Asia could be covered, too.

[@moondust2365]

@@gf1917 True. Although, I think we'd be better off if they cut it into the several regions of Asia. Namely: North Asia (Siberia), East Asia (The Chinas, The Koreas, Japan, and Mongolia), Southeast Asia (The Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, and Vietnam), South Asia (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and The Maldives), West Asia (aka The Middle East), and Central Asia (the Stans, Iran, etc.)...

[@halodavid8]

Nah, we did World History. It can work if we just do Middle East and Eastern Asia

[@Ehrgeiz33]

I got no money to give since I'm a poor person. But I'm so happy you guys make this. Erasmus for life. I'd rather be an idealist that dies trying than a realist that makes no difference for the common man.

[@alvinxie5274]

When you find out that this series of crash course is too late for your test *cries in AP

[@rudymastrocinque3357]

Same boat, dude. Good luck!

[@brianson6534]

I feel depressed

[@carojung189]

What's AP?

[@brianson6534]

@@carojung189 Its a subject test that you take in highschool used for college application

[@KW-vy1rf]

Pleasantly surprised to see you all include Christine de Pizan and The City of Ladies. I discovered her through the Stuff You Missed in History Class podcast and find her absolutely fascinating. Thank you! I also really appreciate the questions you ask at the end of the video. It's so important to keep in mind how our beliefs and ideals are shaped by our backgrounds, experiences and positions in society. Few experiences are universal.

[@jjma796]

Surprised you didn’t comment on one of the more interesting aspects of Erasmus legacy: the Erasmus Programme. This is the European Union (and some others though sadly soon not the U.K.) programme to encourage greater depth and breadth of learning through encouraging doing a year in a different European university which I think is a very good post modern example of Erasmus ideals

[@Chilukar]

I love the question at the end, one thing I have been challenged by in moving to a different country is my worldview and just how much I was shaped by my Northern European upbringing. This is something that I think especially applies when people talk to people from the 3rd world, especially Africans. There is a tendency to dismiss anything that does not agree with our ideas and thought processes as being the result of inferior education.

[@Heloin42]

Very nice episode, I loved it! :) I especially like the story of Erasmus of Rotterdam and there is a fantastic book by Austrian author Stefan Zweig about him and Machiaveli which is exactly about the struggle between "Gaining Power" and "Doing Good". It was written between the world wars and it is absolutely relevant today as well. I'd recommend it to anyone who enjoyed this video :)

[@StephanthePelted]

@12:32 Also from what perspective you wish to see, IE: do you imagine yourself as a commoner or a leading politician

[@kendrickoyola4290]

Hand writen to printing press, Kind of like going from 56k to cable internet in the 90s

[@kyokyoniizukyo7171]

I know right? It was a tidal change in but a generation...

[@Newbmann]

Not really the transition from hand written to printing press made making a information actually available to the masses while the transition from cable to the internet made information alot more easy to obtain and always just one click away its like saying the transition from gliders to planes is the same thing as the transition from horse and buggy to cars.

[@sogghartha]

56k? My first modem was 9600bit. Less than 1k. And that was in the 90s.

[@argella1300]

I'd always thought that The Prince was a satire, given that it was so short in comparison to all his other published works, and also that it was a response to the people who'd imprisoned and tortured him.

[@Cyfiero]

Really love the way you guys ended this episode: by redirecting its lessons to significant questions for its audience to think about in their own lives. It reminds us of the value of learning history. It was also kind of moving even if the question is not a new one.

[@angelolorilla2050]

Whoa... The ending lines is really something John. Regarding your question there, despite living on a "peaceful" era, I might identify myself as a Machiavellian. What he says makes sense. Though, I am not a warmonger myself, one needs to prepare for a war if you want peace. Coz who knows when will people backstab you.

[@rachaelregier8442]

My favourite fun fact about the Renaissance and misspelling- at some point, somebody accidentally wrote “horny Moses” instead of “holy Moses”, so during the Renaissance, Moses was depicted as having horns.

[@elfarlaur]

That was actually earlier and was due to a mistranslation of the Hebrew from the old testament into Latin. Keep in mind that horny and holy don't sound anything alike in most European languages.

[@DinoTheSaur]

Who else is cramming for the 2020 test?

[@daisysmartheart1947]

ey,,, let's all suffer together

[@kevinavgenikos2995]

Honestly, a big shout out to the hard work you guys put in these videos. As a history teacher in Quebec, I have to acknowledge the fact that your videos are not only beneficial for my students, but also inspire some interesting questions for me as a teacher. Thank you all for making such interesting and complete videos in under 15 minutes.

[@CB-xk6ce]

History are the best crash videos there are

[@Sabrina-wr3zk]

I just discovered this Crash Course series and feel like I have been living under a rock. Great starting point for learning. Fantastic aggregation of information. Signed up on Patreon immediately. Please keep doing what you do! :)

[@Hazel_Velociraptor]

As a swede I find your concept of northern Europe to be very central Europe-shaped.

[@slitor]

Northern Europe is just a concept we Norwegians came up with to say "We have the biggest X in Northern Europe"

[@GoDLiKeKakashi]

I'm not sure why these videos are not called "Western European history" since the rest of Europe has not even received a mention in 3 episodes. Time stands still East and North of Berlin, I guess.

[@shitsandgiggles9996]

The northern Renaissance is referred to as such because it happened north of Italy.

[@Hazel_Velociraptor]

@@shitsandgiggles9996 I'll disregard the imperative of your handle and engage with you anyway. I'm not saying that calling it the northern renaissance is wrong, I'm saying that from my perspective it didn't happen in Northern Europe.

[@rileyrose5166]

@@GoDLiKeKakashi It's because the course is based off what is focused on in the AP European History course, which is fairly Western-Europe-centrism. On the bright side, the rest of the Europe gets a little love once Russia starts becoming important, so We'll hopefully get some more information then!

[@Beryllahawk]

Some great information and those questions at the end. Woof. Those are interesting but also really, really heavy in some ways... Wonderful video, and thank you once again!

[@hunam1464]

Loving the new upload schedule of Crash Course. Keep it up guys.

[@Kfroguar]

13:07 ooh that's the good reflexive history Also yay Christine de Pizane! She's awesome and 'The book of the city of ladies' is definitely worth a read. The Richards translation is great

[@asherfitzgerald6036]

“Where do you sit in the world and how might that shape the community’s you wish to see” What a great line shout out to the writer/s!

[@downtempus]

Thank you, John, for sticking to calling football a football!

[@brkatimachor]

YES! I second that!

[@user-qq4zb1yt5r]

Hi :)! Huge fan of your classes. Just for everyone's information, confirmed by UNESCO, the oldest movable metal type printing was made in KOREA :) Printed in 1377 ,The second volume of "Anthology of Great Buddhist Priests' Zen Teachings" is the oldest ! Thanks you all!

[@scarace825]

love the shout out to catenaccio football

[@volodymyrboitchouk]

I know that you dont have a ton of time on these, but I wish you had given Machiavelli the proper context. If one reads his other writings you realise that his purpose in The Prince is to tell virtuous leaders what they will need to do in order to improve society. Machiavelli's prince is ultimately selfless in that they must establish institutions that promote stability but which render the Prince obsolete. Machiavelli is a realistic idealist, he wants a better world but understands that it can only be achieved by winning under the rules of our worse one.

[@Abahrelgazalia]

Also, mention the Discourses... Machiavelli's political views become a lot clearer.

[@Nasir3623]

But Machiavellian philosophy is evil

[@volodymyrboitchouk]

@@Nasir3623 I hope you are being facetious here. The only way to conclude that Machiavelli is Evil is by looking at him out of context. In context it becomes clear that liberty and freedom are his ultimate goals, he just happens to be realistic about how to achieve them.

[@TheTexas1994]

Where’s Stan to tell me why the video was reuploaded?

[@crashcourse]

I'm here! We got a date wrong. And it was something I could fix, so I fixed it. -stan

[@brucefrizzell4221]

@@crashcourse Thank you .

[@TheTexas1994]

@CrashCourse What would CrashCourse do without you Stan? You’re awesome

[@Newbmann]

@@crashcourse joe of steal appreciates the lack there off a extra voice speaking about stuff so I can frame that stuff to secure my power in my state stuff like my name being Stalin not steal or the holodomor never occurred your thinking of the holocaust and I never genocided any Ukrainians now make that or else YOU GO TO SIBERIAN WORK CAMP.

[@cincinnati-ishmusic4382]

@@TheTexas1994 Without Stan CrashCourse would probably go plummeting into the depths of the millions of educational youtubers that nobody cares about. Luckily, whenever my teacher says "okay time to watch John Green" my entire class erupts into cheers.

[@tsmspace]

Im really happy about this series so far.

[@BozoEngland]

Your videos have become my new thing. So informative and entertaining. Thanks!

[@NyAppyMiku22]

i just love hearing john's voice.

[@HectorMilian]

Maestro Green, I tell this is a masterpiece of a history lesson. Brainy questions to debate with my class. much Appreciated. Kudos

[@johnyguerrero5120]

dude !!! I am so glad u are back !!!

[@TylerSkylionChilders]

Always respect Terry. You don't wanna go around dissing him.

[@JoeSmith-hv7oe]

These episodes have been great. The next one can't drop soon enough!

[@noahkidd3359]

This is really dope. Keep it up CrashCourse!

[@Salimsadiq3917]

History of art would be a great series

[@KoziPLUS]

I hope u guys mention something about Eastern Europe

[@GoDLiKeKakashi]

I'm guessing it'll be when they do WW1 or a quick sentence that Russia and company have destroyed the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth. Can't wait...

[@Darryushka]

That’s definitely incredibly useful and fascinating, but I would add more names of the art pieces as they appear! Thank you so much 💛

[@TheMuffinMan]

My AP Euro teacher is making me watch this for distance learning.

[@willhuey4891]

there were some gorgeous art from the renaissance era

[@HassanFahad]

Fascinating, as always

[@AlexiLaiho227]

great video guys

[@Catski0]

a very thoughtful episode, love it!

[@jacobgarrison1510]

I like that this series is much less "jokey" than the world history one.

[@judloops9187]

love these, very interesting! keep it up

[@cincinnati-ishmusic4382]

This has been a HUGE help for my studying for exams coming up!!!!!!! THANK YOU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@andyrihn1]

Machiavelli’s masterwork was the Discourses on Livy which is a great critique of classical understandings of history and gives a good idea of his political philosophy. The Prince is the most famous because it’s the most direct and digestible. Keep in mind though that, his main political goal was to create a “safe” Italy. He was a proto-nationalist which is why you see subtle hints directly to the Borgia’s to use their control of the Papacy to take over and unify the Italian peninsula and make the Pope into a hereditary monarch. He also believed that extreme acts of violence would be justified in achieving this end but also gave sound advice on soft power.

[@elfarlaur]

Even in the discourse he notes that a strong republic must be founded by a powerful autocrat who then gives power to a republic. Reading the discourse on livy is integral to really understanding the point of the prince

[@andyrihn1]

elfarlaur The Prince is great as an introduction and encapsulates Machiavelli so well that it’s perfect for any overview of political philosophy. But yeah if you want to delve seriously into his work and engage with his ideas, you HAVE to read Discourses. John mentioned Art of War but Machiavelli also wrote a play, La Mandragola. It’s actually pretty funny and has some subtext that you can spot if you’re familiar with his other work.

[@andyrihn1]

elfarlaur I like to think The Prince is to Discourses as The Communist Manifesto is to Das Capital

[@anayatemple]

I literally just turned in a northern renaissance art project in ap euro afew hours ago and I was looking for one of these to see what I could add on to it but couldn’t find one smh lol 😩Good video

[@camiloiribarren1450]

Yes!! New lesson and learning more about European history! Love it!!!!

[@peterharrop3059]

I would love if you guys did a Canadian history crash course

[@andrewshea6652]

Peter Harrop Most of our history until the 1700’s: not important 1754: Seven year wars happened but we got overshadowed by the Americans 1812-1815: we beat the us in the war of 1812 but no one really cares 1860s: we gained our independence from the British but we didn’t fight like the us so no one cares and it isn’t interesting The rest of history: hey we were here for all major world events including the world wars but we were never the focus of anything Done, the entire history of canada

[@GohanLSSJ2]

And a Latin American History as well!

[@jeffjeff376]

Build your policies and position on virtuous principles. Pitch your policies and positions on the real and practical benefits they provide.

[@MrJustin1009]

I really liked the question at the end of the video. It has made me to think "What kind of world I would like to see?" Thank you!

[@mohd8218]

thanks john green loved the end there

[@cornerseeker9167]

The rule about other European Countries stealing Italian ideas is, ideed, really true, especially in regard of the lovely French people

[@javaks]

Died of dysentery and no The Oregon Trail reference?

[@viscountofalamein]

brilliant video

[@ep5acg]

Awesome videos.

[@Vandinium]

Thanks, great pace.

[@alisonh6239]

these are brilliant! thank you!

[@jibnature9995]

Such a pleasure to have J.G. Back leading a crash course!

[@TheGabriute]

this is a very nice video. thank you

[@msgnomi9727]

🤯; What a great episode.

[@richardw1278]

thank you I was doing a renaissance project today and it helped a lot

[@gabzsal4444]

Thank you, this was just in time for my AP European History Exam and i needed a brush up! Notes just didn't cut it!!!!

[@Pecisk]

Nice ending, on point.

[@jakegold5495]

Hi Hank, thank u so much! I never went to high school, but I managed to pass a science test only by watching your videos! I have one comment on a video u made about the isreali palastinan conflict, u forgot to mention that 800,000 Jews from had to flee Arab countries when isreal was established in 1948, in other words, just like when India and Pakistan were established there was a REFUGEE SWAB, the very same thing happened her

[@eduardopadilla1307]

DEFENSIVE MINDED FOOTBALL!!!! you striked at the only thing i clearly understand about international futbol, and i so got that

[@Spiros219]

thank you for doing this

[@zoltanszisze8061]

2:53 - 3:21 greatest truth ever

[@phlash649]

I love this new series it's nostalgic

[@Jessica-mp3uw]

I'm already past this in my History class but I'm going to watch this anyway

[@guebbouh2020]

Thanks that was much help. Would you please make a video about American wars reporting about why the nation is always at war ?

[@elsiebee13]

Love this. Quick request: can you put a link to a list of artworks you use in the videos? Or somehow give artist/title/date or location for the works?

[@tenzinkhangsar6926]

His voice sounds strangely soothing..

[@rebeccaweidner]

I wish this series was complete my AP exam is Wednesday 😔

[@watermelonhelen8934]

i feel you bro

[@fallon3104]

Ey I'm taking it today too

[@shrabonibhaduri6868]

Thank you Mr. Green

[@sempremale]

Thanks, From Italy

[@rexiuadeus]

John sounds so sad.

[@sunn7045]

guys I'm not ready for the exam and this is so helpful thank you guys

[@dbandhoo]

realy njoing thisseries!

[@dellacoco]

Love this!

[@brunorendon9770]

Great Stuff! It would be so nice if Crash course produced a small series on the Law of one. :)