The Age of Exploration: Crash Course European History #4

The thing about European History is that it tends to leak out of Europe. Europeans haven't been great at staying put in Europe. As human beings do, the people of Europe were very busy traveling around to trade, to spread religion, and in a lot of cases to try and conquer other people. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Europeans developed a bunch of tools and techniques that would allow them to travel around the world, in numbers and force heretofore unseen on the planet. And a lot of the results weren't great for the people who already lived in the places Europeans were "visiting."
Sources
Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe. Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration. New York: W. W. Norton, 2006.
Smith, Bonnie G. Modern Empires: A Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.
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[@sizanogreen9900]

"The truth resists simplicity" one of my favorite phrases

[@joshg7465]

wow very cool

[@Dehumanizer22]

Not always the case

[@robrod7120]

Sizano Green Doesn’t that contradict Occam’s razor

[@VashdaCrash]

@@robrod7120 Well, Occam's Razor is applied when you're comparing two or more theories about a subject, and this quote refers to broad subjects like history or science. So you use Occam's razor to discard opposing and/or different theories, and then put them toghether to make a picture of something larger and complex-er like the history of europe in the age of exploration. To put it in other words, looking for the truth on the matter makes it more complex the more you investigate. I hope that answers your question.

[@christinamunoz2600]

@@joshg7465ietp

[@danteller8282]

It's absolutely true. Set the playback speed to 1.25 and you get excited John back instantly.

[@DaSteak12]

Dan Teller wow. Legitimately thought what’s his deal lately. But this at least brings me back to old style John

[@danteller8282]

I think he also might just really have no interest in a Eurocentric view of history... and Raoul Meyer isn't doing the writing anymore.

[@JacobBeckey]

1.75

[@Gyuwaaz]

The Wendy's and cigarettes are catching up to him.

[@DominickvdHoff]

this is so much better lol

[@wanderingrandomer]

I just finished re-watching Crash Course World History and it's very interesting hearing John Green at a far lower energy level after 7 years.

[@dorkmax7073]

Portugal: [rejects explorer] Spain: [accepts explorer, gets rich] Portugal: wait that's illegal

[@DaydreamingSwede]

@Leonardo moreira If Portugal didnt fund his journey becuse they "knew" it would fail then how did they already (allegedly) discover the Americas?

[@a.carneirozhu8104]

@@DaydreamingSwede Portugal was really into cartography and, well, discovering things. I don't remember exactly, but I think that several maps containing brazil-shaped landmasses predating Columbus have been discovered. Also- they had a motive. Keeping it secret was a sneaky way of getting the land all to themselves.

[@InvictusByz]

"So, remember back in May of 1453 when the Ottomans smashed the thick walls of Constantinople, captured the city, and beheaded the Byzantine Emperor?" * sobs * ...yes.

[@leonardopoli6206]

Sigh...

[@mikeoxmaul45]

Where is Byzantium? ...right here...

[@AngelHxze]

InvictusByzantium 😂😂😂😂

[@-.00__I__o8o__I__00.]

Hahaha

[@LDProductionsClass]

"You probably don't remember May of 1943" *look down at my shirt* *it says, 1453: Never Forget*

[@ConradMcBad]

John: "This $6 clock is an astonishing piece of technology" Clock: **doesn't work**

[@sara-km6pk]

bro why does john sound so sad compared to crash course world history-

[@Rudero3]

I think he's legitimately sick in this episode, like he sounds like he has a head cold.

[@sjappiyah4071]

Sara Mackenzie Older age...

[@xenosmoke8915]

He’s looking a lot older now, I loved the original series.

[@cardbros3413]

I know

[@arjanang]

Well, ninety percent of indigenous people dying in the Americas seems very sad to me. :(

[@monootan]

It took some adjusting to get used to this new sleep deprived John. But, now I think I love this series more than the world history one. This one seems better organised and clear..and..I really appreciate the concept of shifting perspective. Keep it up crash course. BTW..the 8 dollar clock..followed by patreon appeal..that was very clever..:D

[@zioneig-tassiello2602]

Yeah why does he sound so different

[@MrRanderas]

@@zioneig-tassiello2602 its crash course specific. on vlog brothers hes still much more energetic. its probably to be easier to understand.

[@arandomuseroftheinternet8003]

Age is getting to him

[@fredosson2638]

I realize that words cannot accurately express how much I appreciate and enjoy your videos, the clear effort and time that you put into them, but I'd like to try: Hey, you're great! Thank you so very much for all the time you put into this, I can say this history loving Yukoner just loves everything that you do! Many thanks and a thousand happinesses!

[@simplyviewerforfun]

For those interested to go further into this topic, I recommand reading these books : - The Great Divide, History and human nature in the old world and the new, Peter Watson. It's about how the discovery of Columbus changed everyhting from how we think to what makes us human, the billions new things ecountered in the new world, etc. - First encounters, Epic tru stories of cultural collision and conquest, Joeph Cummins. An entertaining book about different cultural shock encountered by navigators/explorators, detailing several major events I never heard of. - Ecological Imperialism, The biological expansion of Europe 900-1900, Alfred W. Cosby. How european explorations and expansionism shaped today's nature, and how european biological advantages helped in their conquest (diseases, food, agriculture, medicine etc)

[@Madhattersinjeans]

Oh hey someone recommending books. A rarity to be sure.

[@skylerclyne6542]

I never took AP Euro but I took a humanities class that I loved! I look forward to seeing the historical backdrop that gave context to many of the works I enjoyed learning about

[@JoeSmith-hv7oe]

One thing that still puts a smile on my face after a long day of work at the end of a long week of work is a new episode of Crash Course: European History.

[@renepaniagua4882]

Thank you CrashCourse for this wonderful episode. I always enjoy the history behind European exploration into the New World and how Portugal and Spain became to be. Though it's not always so glorified as we study it, there are some missed up events that happen during this era. But none the less, thanks for sharing.

[@me36166]

Hey John....big fan of your videos....this one is excellent for my grade eight social class. Thank you for slowing down your videos a bit...makes them much easier for the kids to follow. Keep up the great work!!

[@Eric-ut5ld]

John Green is like a video game character rebooted to be grittier and darker for the modern age.

[@avikma77]

Waited a week for another episode! Thanks Mr. Green!

[@TheSchmuck2]

I really appreciate that you always point out the exploitation of vulnerable peoples.

[@SmigGames]

8:49 By crossing the pacific? That mistake is extra funny when you also add a picture that clearly labels it as not-the-pacific.

[@jorge6207]

You kind of understated how the Portuguese maritime trade route to India overpassed the Ottoman-Italian control of the Asian land routes.

[@theholyhay1555]

Yes I still remember this, ottomans taxed very heavily and too much raiders around there made a huge loss, and on land took so long to cross, You’d dock at nowadays Lebanon or Palestine, make your way through Lebanon Syria Iraq Iran India, to the lower end of India (most of that path was desert and lots of bandits) so a sea route that took more than 150 days was so much better

[@s.v.848]

Bro, he is in the business of presenting history from a neo liberal left wing perspective, not about interesting facts so much.

[@radhikabohra5652]

I have a test tomorrow :(😭

[@Dhjaru]

How can one forget 1453... I cri evrytim

[@TheTariqibnziyad]

Cmon its because of the ottomans that Constantinople revived into a Golden age and the biggest city in europe for 300 years

[@asadb1990]

also the orthodox church named the ottomans as the new roman empire. they kept many of the byzantine empire's traditions

[@vksepe]

Almost had it back via the Treaty of Sevres. It wasnt meant to be.

[@DJZ3M]

The ottoman empire turned Constantinople from the least horrible city in Europe into the golden city of Europe so what are you crying about

[@RedbadofFrisia]

Look at all the people that don't understand. It's not the same, even if the Ottomans LARPed as the Roman empire. One of Europe's great civilisations vanished, you must understand that some people dislike that. I'm aware that the fall of Granada evokes the same feeling in some muslims, so just compare it to that.

[@sanguinemcorda4310]

Actually I like this speed. I don't have to replay to catch everything.

[@camiloiribarren1450]

Learning more and more thanks to these videos. Thanks for this, John

[@lLIBER4TORl]

I loved CC world history, and I'm glad you guys are back at it!

[@raccoon_salad9980]

shut up boomer

[@stevenburr7244]

Not many people talk about the relevance Portugal has in the world today. But without the Portuguese, the world would be very different.

[@AntonioSousa98]

Thank you for talking fairly on my country's history. Great video as always 🇵🇹🇵🇹🇵🇹

[@cherrywav3]

Thanks for these videos! Idk why but when i'm really sad i just watch these types of videos - they help me take my mind off of things .:)

[@Khofax]

Something I always wonder about is how did two nations of completely different culture and language were able to communicate especially early on. It is small detail but still is it as easy as it seems like here between the Mayans and Europeans.

[@Khofax]

12:17 but how does she understand Spanish!

[@gretasicardo7853]

@@Khofax i think there were 2 translators, one spanish sailor who was living in mayan lands from previous voyages, so he could speak mayan and spanish, and malinche was a slave who could speak mayan and nahuatl (aztec language), sooo, she translated from nahuatl to mayan and the sailor who lived with the mayans translated from mayan to spanish... Sorry i can't give you the name of that spanish sailor but that's what i remember from elementary (i'm mexican)

[@moosechoose]

Steady, watch me navigate, HA-HA-Ha-Ha-Ha! -Prince Henry the Navigator

[@whitehorizon2225]

This brings me joy

[@Lima1399]

the only navigation he ever did was to north africa to conquer small territories

[@robrod7120]

Scoob The Boob good taste

[@HECKproductions]

feels good

[@dreatfuldroid9316]

Yay

[@mikepierson7447]

You dont seem as enthusiastic in this CC history as you did in the past but it doesnt stop the smile on my face when i get a new video i love CC everything

[@EurasiaOnYT]

Great video like always! 😃

[@gabrielneves1207]

In Portuguese the cape of storms is known as “o Cabo das tormentas” or the cape of torments which in my opinion sounds about 400% cooler

[@BlueFluGaming]

Good luck to everyone taking the AP European History tomorrow!

[@gbooth1280]

I am so sad my AP Euro class will not get to see more of these wonderful review videos before the exam - I wish you guys had started sooner :(

[@DuranmanX]

I'm glad this episode of Crash Course European History is a Crash Course on all continents during the Age of Exploration

[@briannekeith9442]

you guys are the best - thanks so much for your work! i will become a patreon :)

[@Citroen_2cv]

Even WITH the fantastic video, loading this series to a podcast would be terrific. Please consider, Crash Course!?

[@syedwaleedshah2830]

This

[@prestonstansbury6910]

Yes crash course needs a podcast

[@nafrost2787]

So far I only watched this and the second episode, but this shows is amazing!!!! So what’s interesting in it, is that it shows the origins of many modern ideas, and some of those it also proves to be entirely incorrect, giving us new ways to think about the past.

[@Zulunbaki]

Nice and well constructed video. Thanks

[@khanishsehgal9915]

I have watched this channel so many times and when my history teacher told us to click on this link I was so happy cause it's this guy

[@h.oebele318]

13:15 The Treaty of Tordesillas was the main reason for the Spanish to find another way to Asia. 7:28 Magellan found this way around South-America, so the Spanish didn't need to travel along the African coast, which was controlled by the Portugese.

[@JoseSanchez-sd2nv]

A little fun fact, though there are many decendents of Moctezuma, the Duke of Moctezuma is the royal heir to the title. The current holder lives in Spain and has a little palace for the title holder.

[@gokuthetypeofningen1688]

Bro you’re coming in clutch this is perfect for the lesson plan I’m editing for my college class bless you John And hank too haha

[@BDKing77]

We need Mongol History!

[@loomhigh]

it's just world history but in Australian

[@destinymills255]

loomhigh not even close mate

[@azhurelpigeon]

loomhigh Mongols aren’t Australian?

[@loomhigh]

Guys here me out. Mongols are the exception of everything right? And Australia is upsidedownland no? So mongol history is just world history upside down, because they are the opposite/exception.

[@azhurelpigeon]

loomhigh uhh sure kid

[@quetzalcoatl3242]

12:18 Just a correction: Malinche whose original name is Malintzin (that comes from Nahuatl language) got the spanish name of Marina and not María, Doña means Lady, therefore Doña Marina can be translated to Lady Marina.

[@joaomelo7538]

One of the first history videos to actually do justice to the Portuguese empire both the awesome and the awful, keep up the good work!

[@LearnedSome]

I just love the way you describe horrible plagues.

[@Hawkster52]

It's nothing anyone who knows humanity or follows history isn't aware of but it's so damn sad that upon meeting new people the thought isn't how both groups of people can mutually benefit but quickly becomes how one side can thoroughly dominate the other side to the benefit of the dominator. Even today in our more "civilized" world, no matter the conflict be it war or trade one side always has to feel like they're "winning" over the other. And it's why we're so fascinated and worried about alien life. If we encounter a more advanced society we can only envision them behaving the same way we would at the discovery of a more primitive peoples.

[@famedfungus5523]

If I had a dime for every time he said perspective, the Portuguese would have been inspired by ME.

[@plaguster]

how to pass your SS final step 1: watch every crash course video step 2: repeat step 1

[@yamenarhim9336]

I like the Sources in description please do it more

[@tudorcristianbalan5693]

Awesome channel!

[@ShankarSivarajan]

13:24 A good time to mention that the Pope, Borgia, was Spanish. (Yes, I know he was Aragonese.)

[@GrandMoffTarkinsTeaDispenser]

@Cheese Head Portugal oh nononono hahahahaha

[@mavx1459]

Hey John, you guys are doing a great job. If you can could please run a segment on African history ? but in the perspective of Africans, that would really interesting to see.

[@ryanweaver962]

“Truth resists simplicity”… so good

[@fgnufhs6604]

I love your videos!❤

[@kanyekubrick5391]

13:20 hey! You mentioned Cape Verde! That's where I was born :)

[@jorge6207]

All hail Cabo Verde. Beatiful place.

[@mydogdeli]

I love this series and learn so much from it. Your emphasis on an objectively accurate description of history is admirable. As such, to say that "Africa was rich in slaves", while perhaps technically true at the time from a European perspective, is glaringly tone-deaf from the more enlightened perspective that we enjoy today.

[@thatschrispy8708]

I have my IB HL world history exam tomorrow. So thank you if you ever feel unappreciated just know I’m here lol.

[@HelenaSzep-bw1ok]

this video was informative

[@MizuAstrum91]

"Who do you call?" Ghostbusters is always the correct answer.

[@josephpenarrieta9619]

You forgot that 14th century King Dinis of Portugal founded the first Portuguese navy to combat European, and notably Moroccan pirates. The actions against the Moroccans were escalated in the 15th century into conquering and founding port cities, and thus the Portuguese and later European empires.

[@navidutube]

Amazing video

[@greenfyre]

Time Mark 8:48 quote "...by crossing the Pacific..." while graphic shows them crossing the Indian Ocean.

[@mbevks]

Not mentioned: The Battle of Lepanto, the most important naval battle of the Middle Ages, that saved Europe from total Ottoman conquest and gave them time to develop their sea powers. Also not mentioned: Human sacrifice practiced by the natives Cotes battled against.

[@claudiacouto5615]

As a portuguese myself and daughter of a father that was born in a former portuguese colony, I loved this video about the history of my country. Still, like any other country mine too has a glorious and shameful history. Just wished the video had more info on the outreach of the portuguese empire.

[@leobat7007]

What are you ashamed of?

[@Zetamen7]

@@leobat7007 Slave trade and Colonialism. It's not a good mark on our history

[@godofthisshit]

@Pedro Costa honest.

[@leobat7007]

@@Zetamen7 It actually is though. The difference between slavers and slaves, colonizers and colonized, is the difference between a great civilization and a minor one. You should be proud of your past and your ancestors, they were awesome.

[@claudiacouto5615]

@@leobat7007 slavery trade for starters.

[@ms.rstake_1211]

This is less summarised than other CC History series. Awesome! Can't wait for the rest.

[@lukesandoval5578]

Love this video ❤❤❤❤

[@kaylazx]

The exam is tomorrow and this is the last video. I'm ready to get that thicc 2 👌🏼

[@fenoemiologia]

SAMEEEE

[@m00rtin4]

the fact that they are doing 2 episodes on europeans "age of exploration" is making this series look good after all. i mean they skipped everything before 1300 ce.....hope they do episodes on 30 years war, napoleon, louis XIV and eastern europe under ottoman control.

[@hyzhenhok]

They skipped that stuff because they match their videos to US Advanced Placement (AP) curriculum. AP European History is entirely focused on *modern* Europe, which as a historical category starts roughly around 1400. If you're familiar with the divisions in academic history you know modern European history is pretty much always treated as its own deal compared to medieval or antiquity history. And yes, don't worry, what we lose in breadth we gain in depth. As you can tell, this course will have way more detail than the World History series.

[@sta292]

I think this is geared towards the already existing AP European History class. So if something isn't covered, or is especially covered, I assume it's because the class does as well.

[@Angel666xo]

Viridian Agreed 💯💯💯

[@r.w3800]

thanks for making this video, I have a test on this tomorrow

[@r.w3800]

lol

[@saraviking6907]

Prince henry, Bartolomeu Dias, Vasco de Gama, Cristopher Colombus (discovery of america), Ferdinand Magellan

[@BrainsApplied]

*Ah, those damn Portuguese people with their exploration and colonization...* Great video guys!

[@zlatko8051]

There goes the Spanish as well in South America.

[@pedrolmlkzk]

Oh someone that actually spells Portuguese right, not like a certain company content producer

[@consciousparticles7547]

@Ric Boni the English colonization happened later right? Maybe that part is in another video?

[@consciousparticles7547]

@Ric Boni So you are upset that things are left out? It's crash course. These videos are not meant to be all encompassing.

[@consciousparticles7547]

@Ric Boni Sorry I misunderstood. A lot of history is not well documented in video, and I'll gladly admit that education in America leaves a lot to be desired. I don't know a lot about the Jesuits except that I've heard of them, but I'm interested in learning. Do you think there is a reason American videos leave this information out?

[@lhfirex]

Is there any way you guys could cite some of the art used in videos? Maybe it's just window dressing for some of the topics and people you introduce, but I'd love to be able to check them out.

[@samraatdabolay1998]

really good video

[@susanenglandrinehart7728]

ThankU!!

[@jorge6207]

Hope that next time you emphasize the native Americans who allied with the Portuguese and Castillian/Spanish. Without them, the Europeans wouldn't be able to guarantee a foothold in the Americas.

[@sjappiyah4071]

jorge6207 He Already emphasized that in the video, he literally named one of the leaders “malinche”....

[@louise-yo7kz]

True

[@jorge6207]

@@sjappiyah4071 Yes, but the role of the allies to the European are vital to understand the situation and it is a visible remnant of a certain eurocentric view of history. These have nor yet been eliminated from historical discourse, because they perhaps serve and ideological purpose, much the same the onew who were served another.

[@mrkristian1d]

@@sjappiyah4071 malinche wasn't a leader and not related to Cortes his allies. She was his translator and very important as she was the only known person to speak to both Mayan and Aztec. (Cortes had a second translator, a Spanish missionary, that would translate the Mayan into Spanish).

[@jorge6207]

@Jacob BALDRY Are you aware this is History? It's not XXI century Politics. The time for black and white and blind ideology is over since the 1970s. Just to remind you, I am talking about History, 500 years ago, with people with specific mind frames and world views. Underestimating your interlocutor is a bad rhetorical strategy, it shows you are unequipped to be discussing grown-up things.

[@mitomidou]

Not a criticism, but these new ones seem entirely low energy in comparison to previous crash course world history. Kind of miss it but this is pretty chill too. 👍

[@amandajean7738]

The fast pacing can cause headaches.

[@jameswaltz4276]

Try watching at 1.25 speed if you're missing the old pace

[@mitomidou]

James Waltz that sounds like a great idea. Thanks duder! 👌

[@mannyverse6158]

It's kinda a depressing topic

[@jarradscarborough7915]

4:02 WELCOME BACK STAN!!! XD

[@deepwaterhappy3609]

Have you read Dava Sorbel's "Longitude" - it's brilliant.

[@aimifirdhausshafie9976]

1:25 that dialogue refers to Gorillaz Feel Good Inc lyrics.

[@alesolano5507]

Conquering other regions, murdering their people and sacking their cities is common throughout human history. We can see this as the most hated conquest or as the first time people realized that colonizing is disgusting. I'm glad that humans started empathising with those that spoke other languages, had different skin colors or worshiped other gods. Hope we reach that goal someday.

[@godofthisshit]

@Alejandro Solano a lot of people didn’t participate in such things.

[@victoneter]

@godofthisshit Yeah, because they couldn't. Every strong nation has stomped on the ones below them.

[@godofthisshit]

@victoneter So you’re saying you will murder someone if you could?

[@victoneter]

@godofthisshit A nation is different from a person

[@godofthisshit]

@victoneter I’m asking you the person. Answer the question.

[@andersonandrighi4539]

The Portuguese hoped to form a strategy known as "Mare clausum" which as you all know today did not work out so well for the Portuguese. They wanted to control the South Atlantic as it was the only way to get into the Indian Ocean. Later the English and the French would contest that and create the rule that is now used to regulate the seas, "Mare Liberum".

[@dorisvargas831]

Good video

[@ronildoshi5998]

We don't know if the Byzantine Emperor was beheaded or not, Constantine XI likely died a common soldier who was never identified. His last recorded words were, "the city is fallen and I am still alive" after which he led the final action of the Roman Army ever

[@joryjones6808]

Istanbul was Constantinople and now it ‘a still Constantinople because it’s the 1500’s and the name wasn’t changed until the 20th century.

[@Udontkno7]

Istanbul, not Constantinople, now it's Istanbul, not Constantinople, been a long time gone since Constantinople, have a Turkish delight on a moonlit night.

[@sirlordhenrymortimer6620]

@@Udontkno7 we will change that back to Constantinople after 2050 when we take back our city

[@Udontkno7]

@@sirlordhenrymortimer6620 No, no. No. I'm good. No thanks. We don't need it back.

[@sirlordhenrymortimer6620]

@@Udontkno7 no one is talking about you. You're not that important , and I am talking about Europe

[@DidaxS]

@@sirlordhenrymortimer6620 Your city?

[@AlfredBatemanMartin-ty2xs]

This is cool

[@luissarmento1179]

Great job, as usual! Congrats :)

[@Dustz92]

The use of the flag of Aragon for Spanish ships is very wrong, as until the 18th century the colonial empire was technically only from Castille.

[@davitxenko]

Yeah I was very confuse with the flag of Aragon in an exploration and colonization video. Aragon was focused on the mediterranean control.

[@ruiworthington1034]

Spot on. Not many people would realize that. Also correct about the attribution. The transatlantic empire was Castilian, the mediterranean one was Aragonese. Probably a touch of political correctness from John in order not to upset the Spaniards who still seem to think their country was born with the Visigoths.

[@davitxenko]

@@ruiworthington1034 there is too much political correctness in this video. There are also some important mistakes here and there.

[@leonzoful]

@@ruiworthington1034 well, as a Spaniard I was pretty disappoint with that use of flag, if anything they could put the Catholic King's coat of arms or even the Burgundian cross. Neither I was surprise of John mentioning slavery of the natives by Spaniards when that actually was illegal by royal decree. Yep good old black leyend

[@ruiworthington1034]

@@leonzoful Just because that position was enforced by royal decree it doesn't mean it wasn't broken or even extensively perpetrated. Are you referring to the laws of Burgos? What is your position in terms of the establishment of the Encomienda in the New World? Do you agree with his position that the Portuguese and the Spaniards contributed in last scale to the decimation of native populations through the spread of diseases?

[@somedragontoslay2579]

5:40 It was more complex than that: The empire's elite really thought it was a fight for the natives' souls. But the soldiers were more practical and really cared for that sweet sweet gold. 9:00 The empire was smaller, it extended roughly to today's Mexican border with Guatemala. They had trade connections that extended to Honduras and Nicaragua, tho. It's also funny how the English name of Moteuczoma is still the old transliteration.

[@quetzalcoatl3242]

Some Dragon to Slay Motecuhzoma in Classical Nahuatl, Moctezuma in Spanish, and Montezuma in English, anyway there was a corruption of the name in any language.

[@tsareric1921]

I'm watching this to Learn European History as I was only taught the World Wars for the history of my continent.

[@aymenhaq7775]

I saw this in my Modern World History class this morning. I'm a sophomore at Atholton High school but this is an 11th grade class.

[@jahan1263]

Portugal in that period was poor it is a traditional view. Braudel emphasizes that Portugal was not such a poor region in the late 15th century as has been depicted, nor completely was cut- off from the rest of Europe. Her economy was neither primitive no elementary. 1) The Mediterranean type of climate enabled her to produce variety of products like olil, cork, fruit, wax and honey, corn from outside. 2) The external trade helped in the development of navigational activities an promoted shipping interests.

[@DaDunge]

2:40 Yes the portuguese tried slave traids to start with but that didn't last long, for 99.9% of the slave trade from west africa local rulers did the capturing the Europeans simply created the demand.

[@dargondude2375]

They made the demand through cannonfire, instead of attacking slaves they went for the slave traders.

[@DaDunge]

@@dargondude2375 Actually the locals kicked their asses. The only way they made the demand with guns is by trading the guns for slaves.

[@oniudrapropaganda4849]

My favorite moment is the minute 13:38

[@luisfdconti]

I truly hope they'll be a Crash Course Latin American History. Until then, a recommendation for everyone who's interested in this subject: read Galeano's The Open Veins of Latin America.

[@tetestephanie]

Guys, I sent a translation of this video in Portuguese so that others could see the video with tranquility, but you never accepted it, not that of the video of Marx, it is very sad to put time and effort to do a translation and not see it as an option for others to watch the video even with the job ready DONE.

[@GermanConquistador08]

These descriptions of the Early Spanish and Portuguese exploration deeply leave out so many details - Likely because John is operating from a US history curriculum which demonizes and leaves out important details in Hispanic history. The Black Legend is still very prevalent in American History courses and I wish John took the time to update his curriculum with the fact that it has been discredited in mind

[@RoryT1000]

Oh man, that whole Crash Course: Human Geography was a huge stuff up considering what we just learnt lol

[@ryanweaver962]

Fascinating how inquisition helped fuel exportation with a tenor of hierarchy…. It’s a lot to take in… even now.