The PN Junction. How Diodes Work? (English version)

The PN Junction. Developed under Teaching Innovation Project 11-293 of Universidad de Granada (Spain)
Creative Commons By-NonCommercial-NonDerivs.
English version.
All the themes in the soundtrack were released under Creative Commons licenses by their respective authors.
Soundtrack:
www.yasnayamusic.ru
www.chillcarrier.de
kammerer.jamendo.net
www.marknine.com
music.tunguskagrooves.com

[@thescottguy]

This is the most professional, well, animated, and well explained educational video I have ever seen on a scientific topic on the Internet. Good work.

[@fmgomezcampos]

+thescottguy Wow, thanks a lot!

[@theor4800]

+fmgomezcampos it's true

[@legendary_igel_master]

+thescottguy Although I do find the voice somewhat annoying (no offense) :/

[@ve2zzz]

By far the best PN junction explanation i've never seen....

[@fmgomezcampos]

Some days ago the user John Smith (I think) made a comment that I have unintentionally deleted. He mentioned that in a part of the video it is said that P impurities are negatively charged, but in another part of the video it is said that P parts of the device are positively charged. The answer is that P impurities are negatively charged when they accept an electron (releasing a hole in the process), so electrical neutrality still holds after this process. In consequence, free carriers in P doped regions are holes, positive charges, and P impurities (not free carriers) are negatively charged. I hope this helps.

[@sandraramirez7453]

jjjcuxzuf

[@Unrulychipmunk]

A simple analogy is if you have a pipe full of water with a small bubble, it is much easier to think of the bubble as moving through the water. But if we have an empty pipe with a drop of water, it is much easier to think of the drop of water as moving through the air bubble. Mathematically, whether you treat the holes as charge carriers or the electrons as charge carriers in a specific energy band you get the same answer, however it is much easier to deal with a lesser amount of stuff. Hope that clears up the convention for you!

[@fmgomezcampos]

Thank you for your lovely comment! :-D There is also available a Spanish version of this video :-D

[@ameermuhammad5129]

Oh thanks a lot! I spent the last three hours trying to understand this, now I did in ten minutes

[@NodeEntry]

You guys should really make more of these. I always found animations with simple, straightforward narrative to be the most educational. Great stuff.

[@acur-un8xq]

Great video. You summed up 2 weeks worth of lectures in 10 minutes. Thanks

[@bthrun90]

By far the best visualization of the inner-workings of semiconductors that I've ever seen. Well done and thank you for sharing!

[@pdcx]

1000% clear than my lecture

[@randyliu8429]

Tyy

[@1murkeybadmayn]

I wish I had found this video ages ago, would have saved time with lecturers attempting to explain in their very technically perplex terms.

[@grapadorasingrapas6055]

sure bro? i can make a magic diodos

[@omraikar8517]

How can anyone make such perfect video...it explains all concepts regarding pn junction!!hats off to the makers!!👍👍

[@rohitsarkar7854]

This is hands down the best explanation that I have come across. The animations were superb and facilitated clear visualization and made understanding the concept a whole lot easier. Keep up the good work :)

[@maresfillies6041]

God Bless, whoever created this. You saved this engineering student's butt. :D

[@SimranKaur-wc2df]

That was great, so clear and well demonstrated! And that LED man at the end has some moves!

[@Niohimself]

Best animation I've seen so far. Esp. liked the brownian motion of the electrons/holes and the nucleus charges in the background. That really helped me connect the pieces.

[@wouterwesselink3096]

Incredibly clear, well structured explanation, very rare to come across. Thank you!

[@johnbabatola23]

This is just too beautifully explained. I can't fully express myself. Great job.

[@chrisraj7776]

this is by far, one of the best explaination video i have ever seen. thank you for the clear explaination and those good animations!

[@jaidevmysterious]

By far the best video I have ever seen! Such simple teachings giving great impacts.

[@melekkhalfallah5046]

just woooow !! I can't imagine better than this video to understand all that !

[@Syraxius]

I'm amazed by the effort put into this video. Really clear and concise. Thank you!

[@jobmoharramy2106]

Love the way you explain, thanks alot for sharing

[@Melky_Z_dek]

Great Video - Narrated by:stephen hawking wife.

[@burny88th]

is that true??

[@birchual]

haha yeah the voice is bizarre. It is human but as robotic a possible. there is a bit at 4.13 when she say "this is a peculiar behaviour" and it sounds like a robot breaking its programming and forcing human-like emotions. good video though!

[@Melky_Z_dek]

andy b No dude

[@burny88th]

DNA Militar haha! How much of a dick do i feel like haha!

[@alexweston7032]

It sound like the woman from richard dawkins "selfish gene" audio book .. way too close

[@supungamlath]

The best video so far on PN junction. Thanks!

[@YaskSrivastava]

The Most amazing video on diodes I have ever seen in my LIFE! , Thankyou so much!! :)

[@RohitBhat87]

This is an EXCELLENT video! Wonderfully explained and presented! Thank you so much!

[@tambufra]

This video is really impressive for the quality and for the easy comprehension of the diode functionality

[@uberscientist]

Don't listen to the haters, this is a wonderful video with great animations and explanation. Also if you want to make one about transistors that would be awesome~ THANK YOU for the job well done!

[@fmgomezcampos]

Minds Forge Hi! Thanks a lot for the support! Nevertheless, sometime the haters do their job suggesting new ideas for future videos (they could be more polite sometimes though) ;-) We have one on transistors and about LEDs, check it out in my channel! I hope you like them. Thanks!

[@ronniewilliams3420]

Such lovely graphics, the production values...it takes an area of science that is so vast it continues to rewards mankind...

[@TheVegesquid]

Incredibly helpful. Wonderful analogies too. This really cleared up some confusions of mine on the topic.

[@camilovinatea7747]

This is just marvelous, thanks a lot!

[@alexanderhenn2318]

Very nice work! Best video about this I've seen! This is even more clear than in textbooks!

[@DBdrumz18]

I'm speechless. Incredible.

[@HardwarKid]

Another video on youtube titled "Modern Physics Lecture 30, foundations of the PN junction" is a 90-minute lecture on the mathematics and physics behind this principle, which is excellent for people who appreciate a deeper understanding. That said, after having sat through two "electronics devices" college lectures, and watching hours of videos on youtube, this video is by and far the most comprehensive, yet easy to understand coverage of a somewhat complex topic that I've found. Thank you!!!

[@SailaMaham]

Wonderful explanation! Beautiful animations!! Thank you!

[@florispavlou5599]

Amazing and unbelievable presentation! Great Jod! Thumbs up!

[@Haripriya-fn7fg]

Excellent!Thanks a lot guys,great job

[@eunicesantiago8223]

Amazing Work!!!! So detailed, now I understand what my professor was trying to explain. Muchas Gracias por hacer el video, sigue haciendo mas.

[@fmgomezcampos]

Thank you very much! I appreciate your comments.

[@hamzaleb9215]

So professional and complete. Thanks for the great efforts.

[@ritwikgupta7540]

Awesome video....cleared all my doubts....no wondering in how people in Europe are so talented...hats off

[@Harshil2456]

Excellent video on PN junction!!! This video clarified the key concepts to me. Thx a lot....

[@VAYS1987]

Thank you, I like the way in which you showed the principles of this process.

[@foohines]

And suddenly, I finally understand the P-N junction. Thanks a lot for this!

[@elpak]

Great, great video! I am probably going to recommend it to my students. I have one suggestion, maybe could be added as "annotation" to the video. A key part of the explanation probably goes too fast for someone learning this, when the depletion region is first mentioned. It would be desirable to remind the viewer explicitly that when the holes diffuse to one side and the electrons diffuse to the other, they tend to eliminate each other when they meet (since the electron simply fills the space of the hole, as was marvelously explained at the beginning) and this explains why the free carriers disappear in the middle "depletion" region (the animation shows the carriers disappear but it happens too fast to notice if you don't look for it).

[@nakt0]

This is a excellent explanation I thought it was hard after reading my book all day yesterday but this video made it so simple. Thank god for you guys!

[@gracieforster]

Perfectly explained! Excellent video

[@hazwanharon2147]

Thank you for the presentation.

[@rsbenedito]

You are heroes! Tks very much!

[@minhokim8263]

Wonderful video! It explains much better than could I who have been working as an electrical engineer for 3 decades.

[@chrisdymek5029]

Excellent video, thank you!

[@Shankar-gs8om]

one of the finest videos i hav ever seen.gr8 work

[@lvanasup]

Nicely done! Thank you.

[@ecapers7231]

Very helpful, and I actually like the voice. It's distinctive which helped me pay closer attention.

[@gabehopper701]

I'm not an electrician out an electrical engineer. I've only had basic chemistry courses. Even with my limited background, this video did an incredible job of explaining how diodes work. Thanks for helping me continue my efforts to understand life, the universe, and everything.

[@gabehopper701]

One question. Why is it correct to visualize a current making the barrier higher or lower instead of visualizing it as increasing or decreasing the "pressure" of the electrons trying to flow "uphill?"

[@musedpony8939]

Gabe Hopper Hm, interesting question. Every analogy breaks down, and I think the 'uphill' analogy does here. The application of an external voltage increases the difference in electrical potential energy between n and p, providing the electrons with more energy so they can overcome the opposing difference in electrical potential induced by the dopants' relative charges. However, as the electrons overcome this barrier and begin flowing, the opposing dopant-induced voltage will consequently lower - and as this opposing voltage lowers, the electrons flow more readily. It's a feedback loop that reaches an equilibrium. These events happen so quickly that considering either the barrier being lowered or the electrons being given more energy as the initiator is of negligible difference, but perhaps it's more technically correct to think of the electrons as gaining more energy THEN the barrier lowers, and then the feedback continues until an equilibrium is reached.

[@DavidSiorpaes]

Great video, keep on with the good work!

[@SyntekkTeam]

Great video I've spent 5 weeks taking a class on this topic and I feel like I learned more from this video than all the school

[@changyuanlin2233]

Very nice! The descriptions are both precise and concise.

[@fmgomezcampos]

Hi! To all of you requesting the subtitles, I have included them now in the video. I hope you could get all the details. If you speak Spanish (or other closer languages such as Portuguese or Italian) maybe you prefer to watch the Spanish version. Look for it in my channel or search "Unión PN". Thanks for the suggestion!

[@juancastillo9066]

Great Job! Well organized, and excellent choice of visuals !

[@fmgomezcampos]

Thank you very much for your kind comments. Yes, you are right, there are full lectures elsewhere about the pn junction, and with this video we wanted to communicate with simple ideas the way it works, so the students could catch the basis and better understand the theoretical formalism. We are really happy knowing you consider it is helpful. Thanks!

[@gopalch.mukherjee1960]

Thanks to you tube to keep an such arrangement in the network world for acquiring knowledge in respect of all subjects.

[@uumeran]

This is a great video; the visuals are extremely helpful in the explanation. Thanks!

[@schmidtzcargolbull]

One of the great animations, well done

[@delkinlixo5350]

The best video I have seen so far on this topic. It covers pretty much the whole theory and leaves the maths to the curious ones. Parabéns de Francisco para Francisco.

[@sepia2008]

Wow it's incredible man good job ! I mean doing all theese animations i think it takes a while...and very didactic thanks a lot

[@matthewcrowley6115]

Very nice video, this covers hours of lecture time in my Electronics class

[@schmidtzcargolbull]

TREMENDOUS video. Thanks.

[@14xx07]

Thank you so much!! :D Think you helped me to understand the most out of all the other youtube vids!! :D Thank you! :D Please do continue posting vids! :D

[@hdagist]

Excellent video I have ever seen on youtube about P-N junction

[@sirronnitram8937]

Sounds like Leonard's mother.

[@OMiki90]

You ruined this video for me now! :D

[@dummmylog3070]

Thanks for making this clearer

[@NaveenKumarbachu_homepage]

excellent video lecture on PN junction diode. I loved it

[@gdelospalotes]

Best representation I've seen, thank you!

[@tristanserdyuk7438]

FANTASTIC!

[@mahajurkus]

Excellent presentation!

[@princeosei6163]

It is such a great video. Well done with the explanation and presentation of the video.

[@theguyoo1]

That was fantastically clear and thorough.

[@spiroamo]

Very Nice and Useful Video ever seen till now. Thank You

[@adrihazimrashid8415]

A really great video, thank you!

[@rushikeshjadhav6637]

Best video I've seen so far on this topic! Tempted me to see it in VR 😀

[@m4heshd]

This video is Excellent. Understood A-Z. Thank you so much.

[@yourstruly8654]

how could something be so perfect!!

[@deebadubbie]

Excellent!

[@LuckyX0182]

Superb! thanks!

[@nehal0001]

Awesome, life saver.

[@sreevishal2223]

this the best explanation of pn junction diode!!! thank you soo much!!!!

[@riaerickson5052]

thank you for posting this! it really helps me understand this!

[@lancelovecraft5913]

Cool video the soundtrack was great and it made sense of the text that i am reading. also i liked the skateborder doing the frontside flip.

[@Strausse12]

Great video!!! And awesome music too!!

[@blubberinghumdinger35]

Amazing animation and wonderful explanation! Thank you very much :)

[@nkathirvel88]

Great Video. Thanks a lot.

[@fmgomezcampos]

Thanks for commenting! Well, you are right more or less. Holes and electrons tend to diffuse, and the electric field prevent them to diffuse, so that's the equilibrium. With an external voltage you could reduce the drift current (equivalent to reducing the ramp height), so the diffusion current is not completely prevented and the device has a net current due to diffusion.

[@tyson6695]

best explanation so far,cant believe it took my college lecturer 3 hours to explain this

[@LifeWithGod99]

This is so easy to understand, very educative, thank you!

[@DmitryFomin]

Great vid! Thanks a lot

[@AyushSharma-mv1wm]

thanks, you made the topic whole lot easier for me amazing work!!!!

[@TheSphongleface]

Very nice! Cool music and finally I understand.

[@rajasripanja9053]

Awesome.perfect. I understand properly.

[@MohdZaid-cl3cg]

You deserve an oscar for this video !!! Great Work