The Shape of Data: Distributions: Crash Course Statistics #7

[@asterdan712]

This is what true education of the future looks like. Simple, creative, fun to watch, highly educational, and very graphic. And a great job by Adriene Hill and the entire team for the quality of the content. Keep it up.

[@patrickmeehan6856]

I love how this series mixes the answers to big picture "why?" with the more pixelated "what?" and "how?" questions.

[@oldasyouromens]

I'm taking Stats this year, and we're on significance tests, but I'm watching all of these too because I think Stats is really, really cool.

[@voltairesarmy6702]

Grace Sophia stats gets super cool! Eventually u'll see the connection between all sorts of stats that initially seemed to be completely different, like ANOVA and Linear Regression.

[@davidli105]

Just took a test on that today lol

[@jacobo2234]

what human are you? I toke ap stats as a joke and I got in, Im taking six aps this year is stats is one of the hardest

[@oldasyouromens]

Jacobo OH, it's definitely my hardest AP. But it's also my most fun and most rewarding. I'm only taking four (and one was a semester class I don't have this semester) so I'm just going to say "I'm sorry". Six AP classes is a hell of a lot.

[@abrahamel-gothamy6472]

Is there any way that you could release transcripts, outlines, and/or notes for your videos? Especially the math-heavy ones. I think it would be easier to learn the information if there were a guide

[@stephenj4937]

If you click the 3 dots to the right of the thumbs up/down and share buttons, there is an option to open a transcript.

[@ok-vb6lr]

oh my god.... thank you.. i wish i knew this earlier but thank you!! :D

[@samabplanalp2801]

This fundamental stuff is so important, yet overlooked in most academic statistical practices

[@nathanalgren288]

10:06 : I think it should be mentioned here for the more mathematical-minded folks that that's a difference between what's called 'statistical probability' and 'theoretical probability', and a general principle is that statistical probability approaches the theoretical probability as the number of trials approaches infinity (which could be thought of as a limit at infinity).

[@jojo_beans]

This course is one semester late and could have helped save me from getting a D+ last semester in my Stats class. But D's get degrees, baybee!

[@david0aloha]

Since when do D's get degrees? Anything below a C average was below a 2.0 GPA, and put you on academic probation at my university.

[@safflower_s]

i had a course on statistics about two years ago, and wow, i'm really thankful for this course being here, because it's nice to be reminded of these things

[@kareemjeiroudi1964]

I really like the animations in this video, especially that you can then see how changes in the data distribution affects the plot. This way it starts to make more sense to me.

[@suraj__7]

"samples, shapes and their shadows" .. superb writing skills.

[@elijahcook5168]

Crash course: music theory

[@marcelmukundi5281]

Elijah Cook Yes!

[@sofia.eris.bauhaus]

i'd like a course on music theory that uses mathematical language instead of the horrible nomenclature musicians use. and chromatic notation.

[@marcelmukundi5281]

sofias. orange I couldn't agree more

[@Prince-vi9ri]

YES PLEASE

[@AmyBHaddock]

I agree. As a JH/HS instrumental teacher I love teaching applied music theory but I don't always give it the time it deserves.

[@catirerubio]

Thanks for taking the time to make the video. Sadly, it lost me at the Standard Deviation.

[@johnbagel2560]

Too bad this video didn't feature Ed Sheeran creepily stalking the entirety human population because he likes the shape of their data.

[@voltairesarmy6702]

Probably he'd stalk a decent random sample of the population since the sample should have a similar distribution.

[@ZamanSiddiqui]

World History With Dan 😂

[@benebutterbean2737]

Wouldn't that be Grint doing the stalking?

[@porshealewis158]

Thanks!

[@AlRoderick]

The people who are old enough to have watched Animaniacs are going to be the ones doing better on the countries of the world test.

[@SuviTuuliAllan]

Alexander Roderick What about Freakazoid, what can the people who've watched it do?

[@johnbagel2560]

What about the people who didn’t have a childhood what can they do?

[@AlRoderick]

Suvi-Tuuli Allan they can say Candle Jack and then suddenly dissa

[@JCResDoc94]

Animaniacs has been remade

[@MarcoCastilloVideos]

Ahahahah

[@al.winfrancis]

When you were explaining how standard deviation changes the shape of a normal distribution, shouldn't the numbers on the horizontal axis stay where they are instead of stretching and squishing with the standard deviation? Because I think that otherwise the shape of the distribution doesn't really change. Please, let me know if I'm missing something.

[@RSag17]

Great video - really helpful. Like the touch with the bell curve /box plots/pie charts in the background!

[@svalbard01]

5:13 if lots of people died young during the middle ages, wouldn't that move the curve/average for "age of death" further left, thus moving the skew (tail) to the right, i.e., right skewed? Right now with the average age of death around 80, it's left skewed.

[@falnica]

I'm a particle physicist and my simulation ins't working and I'm tired so I'm gonna watch this video to see if they mention something I'm overlooking

[@voltairesarmy6702]

Fernando Franco Félix I suggest sleeping on it. When my code doesn't work I usually fix it easy in the morning. Once I was so tired I didn't realize I was trying to run correlations on zero vectors. XD

[@kyoung21b]

Fernando Franco Félix - Maybe somebody got lazy and left out a higher order term in estimating a cross section that you’re using... just kidding; nobody would do something like that !

[@neutronstar6739]

well just pretend to be a particle. Then you know how.

[@secularmonk5176]

Play this at low volume while you sleep: Particle Man -- They Might Be Giants

[@thearchibaldtuttle]

Have you rebooted the flux compensator? Happens to me every time!

[@jesstheevilone]

Today I learned that male marathon runners = professionals and female marathon runners = amateurs

[@JCResDoc94]

my fav part of statistical mathematics is how often she says knobs.

[@oversoul7]

What does DFTBAQ mean?

[@thegoatman22]

Dont Forget to be Asking Questions

[@oversoul7]

Thank you! Already put into practice and shown to be beneficial

[@garyhe6267]

5:14 "age at death during the middle ages is left-skewed... cause lots of people died young..." Is "left-skewed" a slip of the tongue? Since more people died young, the median should be to the left of mean, assuming ages lie on the x-axis from 0 to 100, which gives the right-skewed distribution.

[@maryjoannemiranda660]

am i the only one taking a statistics test tommorow???

[@noneofyourbee-siness]

Mary Joanne Miranda No sis, me too🙃

[@nikolakis2001]

no

[@AvatardSwag]

@@nikolakis2001 same

[@naniigraph]

I have a quiz tomorrow

[@remaininlight9269]

Same I have an AP screening test

[@BryanLeeWilliams]

I rolled a single 20-sided die 10750 times. The 1 came up 2.7% below the mean and the 20 1% below. The 9 and 15 each came up 0.9% above the mean. Comparing the actual numbers of 15 and 1 that's 639 to 247. Out of 10750 that seems like a big difference to me. Is this enough samples to say that the die is an unfair die? Throughout the process I watched the distribution. It stayed pretty consistent once I got to around 1000 rolls. Counting the 1 as the bottom and 20 as the top, the 9 and 15 are on the middle row directly above the halfway point and are almost opposite each other. The full data 1 247 -2.7% 2 510 -0.3% 3 603 0.6% 4 503 -0.3% 5 587 0.5% 6 559 0.2% 7 547 0.1% 8 513 -0.2% 9 636 0.9% 10 512 -0.2% 11 551 0.1% 12 577 0.4% 13 578 0.4% 14 500 -0.3% 15 639 0.9% 16 482 -0.5% 17 627 0.8% 18 548 0.1% 19 599 0.6% 20 432 -1.0%

[@OlleLindestad]

Firstly, I'm curious: when and why did you roll a die 10750 times? How long did that take you? Was it a physical die or a digital random number generator? Secondly, I couldn't resist running some chi-square tests. An overall test of your whole dataset (where the expected frequency of each number is 10750/20=538) generated a whopping chi-square value of 271. That's a measure of how far the observed distribution is from the expected uniform distribution, and with 19 degrees of freedom, we get a p-value of, uh... about one to the minus 46. This suggests that it would be *extremely* unlikely for a fair die to give such a wonky distribution of values. I was curious to what degree this result was affected by the very low number of 1s, so I tested a couple of number frequencies individually against the combined frequency of the other numbers. Turns out, even getting this many nines (observed 636:10114; expected 538:10212) seems very unlikely (chisq=19; df=1; p

[@BryanLeeWilliams]

I was going to roll 10,000 but I was bored and rolled some more. I rolled it off and on for several days while I watched KZbin and Netflix. I wanted to see how fair it was because I bought some new dice, had watched some Matt Parker videos about dice, and thought it would be fun to try out the 20-sided one. (Yep, I don't have much to do; I'm disabled and sit around a lot) Thanks for doing the statistics. It's been over 20 years since I took statistics in college, and my memory is horrible; I didn't know where to start.

[@F3V3RDR34M]

no

[@theoandolaf]

Love the title. I see what you did there.

[@katieharriott2144]

You're videos are amazing and so easy to understand. Thank you! (As I work through each one by one....)

[@AllenLonger]

@4min17sec, is 'standard deviation the average distance between any point and the mean'? I thought MAD (mean absolute deviation) is the definition of that?

[@juleslee9455]

can someone please tell me where that normal curve pillow on the table is from?!

[@avivaz3038]

If the variance is low, that means that data is squished closer to the mean, so why is pointiness bad (leptokurtic)?

[@davidsweeney111]

I love looking at the shape of data!

[@RodrigoCastroAngelo]

Great video! I'm eager for seeing the other distributions like poisson and bernoulli.

[@AviG36]

I could totally be mistaken but did she make a mistake when she said the mortality age was left skewed. Should it not be right skewed?

[@reyrey4993]

yh ur right, it should be right skewed instead.

[@mohdshahrul7679]

Ive been watching this video until the end.. And.. I suddenlly remember.. That i need to take my clothes to dobi

[@wayneemery9276]

good presentation for what was covered, but was really looking for a lot more distributions like chi squared, poisson etc

[@rdvankayahan9753]

Thanks

[@georgia7723]

Please cover linear regression!!

[@voltairesarmy6702]

This is a decent resource for regression analysis!

[@nateweinand4209]

The timing of this title was perfect because I totally read it as "The Shape of Water" when I glanced at it really quickly. This comment will be irrelevant by the end of the week... because no one will get it.

[@aaronwalters4511]

I don't get it.

[@anshgupta8560]

Thank you so much!!!!! This really helps

[@anti_MATT_er]

I just took a data analysis test today.

[@JCResDoc94]

whered you take it, to the ohhh watenmdfaikkv c

[@JJ-vh8ex]

Wouldn't age of death in the middle ages be right skewed? Wouldn't all of the older ages be on the right, and therefor the tail be on the right..?

[@retief8987]

I really enjoy these videos! My only comment/complain/concern is that a lot of your examples and expression are North American. I am from South Africa and was fortunate enough to spend a year in the USA but other English speaking people from around the world will not be able to understand expressions like lollygagging etc. Otherwise 5 star!

[@Psychkota]

I decided I must come here because after 6 hours I have completed a single statistics question.

[@Alverant]

That bimodal distribution with the Boston Marathon had two peaks, one for men one for women. It was even labeled on the graph. Oops. Props for the gamers' dice though!

[@lucasng4712]

That was not the point

[@davidli105]

Wish they made these vids earlier so it could’ve actually helped me with AP statistics back in fall smh

[@ayushsharma9270]

CrashCourse mathematics required.

[@ShuvamNayak]

Would you like to suggest any material or reference to follow along with your videos?

[@4Ivy]

I want that tiny pillow.

[@tjdriver7098]

WHOOOHOOO FIRST VIDEO I AM EARLY ON OMG YAY I'm THE 7TH COMMENTER AND 29th LIKER GUYSSS I DID IT

[@poptimist5566]

Is there going to be a crash course maths? I feel it's weirdly missing, given the large amount of science and other things that rely on a good basic understanding of it and the connected subjects such as discrete maths and algorithmic maths Not sure if this is the best place to ask this though...

[@timeaesnyx]

William Walls crash course is produced by pbs. Pbs has another channel called infinite series that deals with math.

[@Hassan_Zeiny]

from min6 is good

[@RodrigoCastroAngelo]

Is there a test we can make on the data to know if a bimodal distribution is actually an overlap of two distributions, or do we need to analyse each case separately?

[@Urbanfour]

Crash Course Music! The science of harmonics and it's application in all the instruments as well as it's evolution from ancient times up to today!

[@emeraldemperor2601]

I just realized that the shelf behind her is shaped like a bell curve... XD

[@123lightmovies]

please teach us art of electronics for begginers

[@Powerandm.nipulation]

Are there any specific exercises to solve or some related question sets for each episode or topics?

[@DuranmanX]

Proud to say I could name most Pokemon and countries in the world

[@josealonso7478]

She is so pretty.

[@meetchauhan2512]

Please add course of agriculture..

[@farahzamir2138]

Am I the only one for whom the 'knobs and dials on the machine' metaphor doesn't work? I like this series so far (and love Adriene! Crash Course Economics is a real good series y'all), but this video was a little confusing for me.

[@Tntpker]

parameters of the normal distribution function

[@ahmedhamdy9160]

where is the Arabic sub. for the rest of the corse ?! ):

[@dannysmall7914]

All I learned from this. Roulette has 38 slots.

[@datas_cat]

I just realized the shelves on the wall are box-whiskey plots :P

[@not_a_human_being]

Uniform distribution often refers to continuous uniform distribution. Dice makes Discrete Uniform Distribution

[@cristian0523]

I expected to hear the concept of kurtosis

[@rileyclifton3858]

Hey Y'all

[@chouaibbio7673]

I like the bamboo histogram on the table

[@robertgarcia2689]

thanks

[@theurbanwolf298]

I wonder what’s the data on school loans and high earning jobs. Do high earners pay off their student debt(early) or do they even have payments?

[@kobaltsar]

No one is gonna be getting 100% on that name all countries test, hell I've been trying to get there for 2 years and I can only hit about 180/195

[@rkpetry]

...2 min. vs 4 min. (bimodality) sounds more like frequency-doubling-a nonlinear process with harmonics... there's often more important, extractable, shaping information, analysts ignore as massaging-too-much after tainting by predecisory mode-information-politics...

[@yolandawhite8541]

I'm finally early WOOOOOOHOOOOOO

[@kyoung21b]

A “theoretical” roulette wheel yields a uniform distribution over final slots but check out the book The Eudaemonic Pie for an entertaining story about a group who took advantage of the slight imperfections associated with any real roulette wheel.

[@joshuamorris8635]

Decent overview, but perhaps too simple.

[@ThePstjtt]

Q?

[@voltairesarmy6702]

I'm Wondering that too.

[@ZamanSiddiqui]

ThePstjtt Don't Forget To Be Asking Questions.

[@あっぞぱるぢぱる]

It could have something to do with Lgbtq but I have no clue

[@KenKopin]

This is just a guess, but since Q refers to the proportion of population elements that do not have a particular attribute (in this case, Awesomness?) Then DFTBAQ reads Don't Forget To Be Awesome, All of you people who are currently NOT AWESOME. :) Presumably the Already Awesome people didn't forget, and thus don't need the reminder.

[@maniam5460]

Ken Kopin that would be way cooler than just Don’t forget to be asking questions which is what she said in the last video

[@avivaz3038]

If a distribution is normal does that mean it has only one mode? Can it be bi-modal and normal?

[@XrollhaX]

That’s harder then the physics one.

[@tyrmyrmidon2846]

No lolly-gagging

[@JASDKA1]

Somebody reply plz ...kinda off topic but...since we don't count every opinion to have an idea of a the actual picture , and we just take into account the majority...That means the majority is what must be considered? For example 1% < 99%

[@conradmaclean4073]

What does she mean it 'generates random numbers'??? and what does she mean it 'generates the number of leaves on a tree?' does she mean the machine counts the leaves or theoretically generates the leaves? I'm in post grad and this makes no sense

[@anamikebour3959]

Someone please explain to me how height is infinite??

[@pks171]

It just means that it's continuous. People can be 176cm, 176.1cm, 176.11cm, 176.2cm, 176.223cm, 180cm, 180.5cm, 180.6cm etc. There's just so many values height can take that it's infinite.

[@claushelge1366]

Aaaw, a plush normal distribution!

[@aminaabukar9423]

😍❣️💞💖❤️🥀 first view

[@TylerWatkins101]

The marathon time distributions were for amateur and pro? Because the label said male and female.

[@jayabhadrajayaraju9625]

She reminds me of rudy macunso

[@fupopanda]

Good for refreshing your knowledge. But I can imagine this is terrible video for learning the first time.

[@Shubang101]

Crash course anthropology?

[@premiumwaffle516]

Why am I waching this. lol

[@EriqireM]

because it is well made.

[@kxngpark]

watching informative things without meaning to is how you acquire knowledge that one day you'll say "i have no idea how i know that" about idk if that sentence made sense.

[@arjanweise3848]

The marathon statistics say, male and female, not professional and amateur.

[@葦君黃]

i understand that correlation does not mean causation, but does that also mean that if there is causation then correlation is implied?

[@yakushiji5393]

DFTBAQ

[@davidturner1079]

I totally did not understand the machine example. I'll have to watch again.

[@Destinywin11]

I think this lady in the video looks like Lexi Walker.

[@potatofieldsforever4089]

The normal distribution is also called the gaussian distribution

[@DrRonontheInternet]

DFTBA... Q (lol)!

[@fatthar4804]

Just ask the bank

[@javierar87]

she looks like a young angela merkel

[@itsnabila]

in the example of the two different types of marathon runners -- why are amateurs labeled as "women" and those who compete as "men"??

[@nawadipkandel3973]

do you see that second yellow peak? think before you comment

[@praveenpingali4062]

Notice the bamboo shoots like a normal distribution

[@mostafaragab1477]

ترجمه عربى لو سمحتوا