The Truth of Horse Evolution - Part 2

[@mayevie]

i've rewatched part 1 at least 15 times and i started to think part 2 was abandoned 😅 looking forward to watching this after work!

[@prla5400]

@Leo the Anglo-Eastasian horse *Horses

[@lonesailordee3886]

Same!

[@prazzlerazzle5565]

Maybe this means the next walking with dinosaurs video will come soon

[@GrimmDelightsDice]

You are my type of people

[@GabiteEditz]

@Leo The British-Eurasian don't worry he lost all brain cells already

[@melvinshine9841]

I'll always wonder if little girls thousands of years ago went through that phase between ages 3 to 12 where they adore horses. People must've looked at the first man or woman to try domesticating a horse like they were nuts. "What if, follow me on this one, what if instead of eating the horse, we use it to get from one place to another faster?"

[@treering8228]

Haha! I had books about horses when I was about 5. I adored horses and my parents took me to a lot of rodeos and stock shows when I was little. I have a friend now who has over 20 running free, in Alaska, that we round up when I go there so I can have my favorite black stallion. My husky loves to run full out next to me. How can one not look at a horse and think freedom?

[@patrickmccurry1563]

What if I made that animal that weighs as much as 4 men a pet?

[@Devin_Stromgren]

I mean, they did paint horses on cave walls a LOT...

[@Nembula]

It is a serious concideration when the probable role of young teenage girls was gathering local food and probably hunting small game. This would have made the most likely to find and keep hidden a fairly young animal and perhaps it's injured mother. I know a lot of early teenaged girls and they would be highly likely to hide and keep any baby animal they can get their hands on. Adults are too practical to not harvest it immediately.

[@talisikid1618]

Why not just do both? People always did in the past. Just like they did other animals, like oxen.

[@ElicBehexan]

I wasn't able to keep up with theories and facts of horse evolution and domestication after I got out of school. Now I'm enjoying catching up on it in my retirement. Especially since someone else is doing the research!

[@Glory_inthe_3rd77]

There 0 facts for evolution 0 evidence whatsoever exists .... if you don't believe me go look try as hard as you can to find somebody to explain to you why there are no bones or fossils of all of the millions of individual things that evolve over the years and from the dinosaurs all the way to now the only thing that can be found our bones and fossils proving that a male slept with a female creating another one if you don't believe me go see do not believe somebody's Theory or idea that is not factual that is not proof that's just some person's idea nothing more

[@Glory_inthe_3rd77]

When you find undisputable proof Revolution let the world know because there has not been any from the time some strange guy thought of that idea all the way to now not a stitch of evidence there is only this guy thinks this this girl says that that is all it's a bunch of I think but the Bible has proof the place is the things that talks about how the world is described in it before humans had any possible way of knowing you're not going to find that in any kind of religious garbage you read but the Bible is actual recorded history you don't have to believe me you can say whatever you want because you like to pretend that you can decide for yourself what's right and wrong so on and so forth if I'm wrong about what I'm saying to you forgive me but if you believe in evolution there's no way you can believe in the Bible and if you don't believe in the Bible you're believing in a fairytale with no proof whatsoever in case no one has ever told you you have been told now if you don't believe me about the Bible having actual proof that what it says is true go look for yourself

[@annibeden4714]

Horses are beautiful, majestic, powerful creatures. Also smart, graceful with unique personalities. They are very worth honor and respect.

[@erlectric]

as a kazakh from Kazakhstan i appreciate this video very much

[@MRsilverngold]

This dude is very knowledgeable with this very detailed complex informative subject matter,he's definitely very talented,entertaining & educational content,impressive communicator

[@funkypaul2822]

This is what is making you guys stand out in this field. Very comprehensive clear honest information! No scientific barreling down a rabbit hole! Great job!!

[@michaelmayo]

Wonderful to see this. It has been one of the greatest honors of my life to have lived around, raised, and trained horses. They are truly unlike any other animal. Independent but fiercely devoted to you once you bond with them. I always tell people that being with horses changes your life. Wish more people had the chance to experience life with them.

[@radamson1]

I love horses, I'm 74 and this is really the first I've been without one, having to give up my last to someone who could take better care of him. I had a quarter horse that I raised from birth. He was such a hoot. I took him hunting with me to Colorado. When he came untied from the picket line, he didn't run off he came and got in the tent with me.

[@michaelmayo]

@@radamson1 Sounds about right. He went to find Daddy. One of my horse children was a would-be Alpha filly (Belgium Warmblood) who could be a handful, but as I was literally the first thing she saw (because I had to tear the birth caul from her face), I was Daddy and if she gave me attitude, I'd rap her on the snout with the back of my knuckles and she'd go ""Ok..." and cut it out. I miss my horse-children too...

[@LEDewey_MD]

So glad that you were able to complete Part 2! Was there any information of ancestral horses having more ribs and lumbar vertebrae than modern horses? Some Arabian horses are known to have one less lumbar vertebra

[@georgeparkins777]

I thought that was a defining trait of real Arabians

[@presidentialluke9169]

I’m interested in the evolution of the African Painted Dogs. There’s little information on that species.

[@Tiger89Lilly]

Same I love African painted dogs. They're one of my favourite animals

[@ukaszzawadka2678]

YES!!! I love them too! They were the rulers of the World before modern Gray Wolves (Canis lupus lupus) appeared. It's all about Xenocyon genus and it's wonderful odyssey around the globe. Ben G Thomas should definitelly make such a video. Painted dogs certainly deserve more attention, as so their complex evolutionary history! It's curious and grim! They were the hunters of the... hominids and Pithecanthropus humans!

[@Aethuviel]

I think they deserve to be called by their proper name, painted wolves. But at least you don't call them "wild dogs". 🙂

[@Demion83]

Definitely an interesting tale to tell... been researching this topic myself. Very complex, with certain details still debated. But definitely Lycaon Pictus and Cuon Alpinus descend the Xenocyon genus, which were a fascinating group of animals themselves.

[@Demion83]

@@Aethuviel What makes "painted wolves" their proper name?

[@PersonOfRandomnesss]

Part 2 is finally here! Maybe now I'll learn if a horse is a horse, of course of course.

[@frankweathersbee2553]

Unless it's Mr Edd.

[@MaryAnnNytowl]

It makes me so happy to see this reference! 😄 Thanks for the grins!

[@MichaelRainey]

And no one can talk to a horse of course except for Ben G Thomas, who interviewed several horses for this documentary.

[@mayevie]

amazing content as always guys! i've recently been learning art history and it really fascinates me that horses were the most prevalent animals in (edit: european) cave paintings. i was kind of surprised; i'd never given much thought to the topic but i guess i imagined they'd have been more enthralled by some kind of fearsome beasts rather than just horses lol. i was also really fascinated by the botai site! whether it really is the oldest site of horse domestication or not, it's super interesting :D

[@illasm]

Hello person from 4 months ago

[@mayevie]

@@illasm ​ Sup chomp

[@1lesa242]

You are a excellent teacher/ narrator.. very pleasing to watch and listen too

[@prla5400]

FINALLY, like a year later! Thanks for the upload!!

[@prla5400]

^ this is the first comment, by the way. :) Or in other words FIRST

[@bookman7409]

Damn, I hate being "that guy" for being finicky, but when details matter, I hate to stand silent. Around the 24:00 mark, Mr Thomas stated that horses were ridden before they pulled chariots, which is a safe bet. However. While riding one horse would be simpler than controlling a yoked pair, simpler than that is to use horses as pack animals, making safer use of their carrying capacity in favor of the riskier proposition of training a semi-wild horse to ride. Besides, learning from scratch how to get a horse to cooperate was no easy feat, especially early on in the domestication process. Baby steps.

[@miquelescribanoivars5049]

IIRC we had evidence of domesticated/tame horse being used as food long before they were used as mounts.

[@dandywaysofliving]

Historically if we ate them and farmed them. That would eventually lead to generations of horses near people. . All it takes I'd catching a male and female. Or 2-4 babies. and making sure they don't die. . After some time depending on culture level. The horses would coexist and if people were advanced enough they'd probably have them carry supplies first before riding them. . I imagine having an animal that eats ur kind. It would make u nervous to carry said creature on your back and out of sight. Donkeys are a good example of a beginning and Horses would be the next step because of their size and herds.

[@myparceltape1169]

@@dandywaysofliving imagine pulling a sled across the snow with other carnivorous animals helping you while they can. First to give up gets eaten. Then the next...

[@flzi0002]

to be honest iÄm having a hard time learing horseback riding on a tame horse with instructions and 5k years of knowledge

[@barbarastanwyck4288]

i had to search "horse" on your channel to make sure i didn't miss something recently and that i had, in fact, enjoyed part one last year. your follow-through is sincerely an inspiration. can't wait to watch after i go back and rewatch part one.🙂

[@fredericfillion6148]

This is your best video by far. I am blown away. Keep up the good work!

[@TooMuchDad]

Part 2! Never thought it would come out! I’ve actually used part 1 as a sleep sounds video for a few months, and always just assumed part 2 was shelved indefinitely!

[@Strongboy1770]

I hope you do a story on the North American Plains Indians' domestication of feral horses descended from horses that escaped from Spanish conquistadors.

[@EmeraldDreams7]

That would be a great episode! There is even evidence that tribes in the pacific north west had horses of a different linage than the spanish horses, which would mean they possibly brought their horses with them when crossing the land bridge if that theory is correct.

[@Strongboy1770]

@@EmeraldDreams7 Possible. We would need DNA comparisons between horses in the northwest and southwest. But I kind of doubt if horses could live in the frigid climate of eastern Siberia and Beringia.

[@EmeraldDreams7]

@@Strongboy1770 Interesting to note, there is no appaloosa (leopard complex gene) in any of the horse breeds from Spain. Yet in today's American Mustangs there are quite a few present in the population, along with the infamous Nez Perce appaloosas. That begs the question, where did the appaloosa gene descend from? Well, both the Altai and Mongolian Horses from central Asia carry this gene to this day and possibly share a common ancestor. It isn't hard proof, but it does make me wonder.

[@maximaldinotrap]

The fact that someone probably looked at horses and thought ok, but what if we could ride these? Is a very interesting thought. Similar to the first person who thought domesticating wolves was a good idea (which it was).

[@DustyHoney]

You know how sometimes little kids will try to ride cats and/or dogs? I’m assuming early humans lost their shit when they saw horses.

[@icey2203]

@@DustyHoney HOLY SHIT ITS A BIG DOG WE CAN RIDE

[@DustyHoney]

@@icey2203 yes exactly.

[@miquelescribanoivars5049]

Chances are people domesticated horse as food source first, then used them as beasts of burden and only later started to consider the idea of mounting them.

[@DustyHoney]

@@miquelescribanoivars5049 As someone who’s worked on a horse stable, I hypothesize individual humans were riding individual horses before they were domesticated. I would agree horseback riding on a large scale would likely come later in the process of domestication though.

[@alexpace2166]

BABE WAKE UP! EVOLUTION OF HORSE PART 2 IS OUT

[@Alextrim92]

I have been waiting for the part two of this series ever since the first episode cam out! thank you so much for your work!! LOVE IT!

[@GustavSvard]

Finally! Ep 1 came so long ago I'd almsot forgotten about it! Now I just gotta find half an hour of uninterrupted watching time.

[@pistachioboat]

Ah I've been waiting for this!

[@charlottemacdonald7116]

Thanks for part 2 Ben & Team 🐴😊💙

[@nickronin9618]

as a person that lives in Red dead redemption online the biggest part of the day im fascinated by this amazing video 👍

[@CaptRons18thcentury]

I’ve been waiting for this… loved part 1

[@ruththinkingoutside.707]

Yay!! I was JUST wondering about part 2 yesterday!! THANK YOU Ben!!

[@lynnclapper997]

I am 64 and really enjoy your lectures

[@zhylkos]

I can't describe how amazing these videos are to me

[@r-t9266]

Fascinating ! Thank you for that great video.

[@Connie.T.]

This sequel has taken so long to release that the evolution of horses has continued into complete carcinization

[@vernonfrance2974]

I don't see anything 'crab-like' about the horse. You must have a very good imagination.

[@Herobrine1785]

The sequel we’ve all been waiting for. (No not WW3)

[@indyreno2933]

Equus is the only extant genus of the family Equidae, surprisingly, there are three subgenera, Asinus (Donkeys), Equus (True Horses), and Hippotigris (Zebras), interestingly the Donkeys (subgenus Asinus) are the most basal subgenus within the genus Equus, while the zebras (subgenus Hippotigris) are the sister group to the true horses (subgenus Equus), in fact the subgenus Equus contains two species, the Tarpan (Equus ferus) and the Przewalski's Horse (Equus przewalskii), the former cladistically includes the Domestic Horse (Equus ferus caballus).

[@MaryAnnNytowl]

Quite an interesting finish to answer the first video! 🙂 Thanks. 😁

[@vernonmatthews181]

Loved watching part 2 from part 1, sudden ending from 2, look forward to part 😁 3. Found interesting horses bred for their strong backs, so humans could ride them.

[@Zakimals]

FINALLY we were all waiting for this and are so glad this video is finally here

[@erikringdal844]

I love your channel. A few remarks : 1. 30 years ago I read a lot, and clearly remember a sentence about some very old horseteeth , 10.000 years or more, were found with evidence of crib biting. Cannot remember where, of course. Could be an old misidentification . 2. A rule of thumb in domesticated animals is sceletal growth in bones and teeth is more regular. 3. A horse that has been ridden a lot can have damaged dorsal spines. Danish cavalry in the 19th century were pioneers here in better care. 3. Horse art, including the ones you show, can sometimes be interpreted as some kind of harness, instead of color and shadows. Perhaps I just see what I want to see. I agree with you that horse history is a fuzzy/furry/ funny subject. I admire your ability to navigate here. Copenhagen Zoo has bred the mongolian wild horses for 60 years now. Please keep going!😊

[@OMGitshimitis]

I'd love an episode about donkey domestication too!

[@vernonfrance2974]

What a great gathering of knowledge and information relating to the evolution of our more and more unappreciated historical companion - the horse! Times have changed since Alexander the Great named a city after his horse, Bucephalus. The horse, unfortunately, is too big to house well in our ever expanding cities and urban areas without the creation of special accommodations. We are missing out on contact with this creature that has done so much to advance our comfort and joy of living. We need to learn how to bring the horse back into our daily lives. By greater exposure to this noble animal, it could help us improve our own sense of dignity, honesty and the appreciation of nature. Thank you to the presenter, Ben G Thomas who covered so much complex data and what for most would be virtually unpronounceable scientific names with ease and clarity. I saw a couple of photos that appear to be the narrator, with horses he may have owned before his adulthood. I hope Ben G will do more videos on modern breeds of horses.

[@mariebcfhs9491]

I love how horses are still used as a measurement of power

[@eacalvert]

Finally. But as always worth the wait!

[@ericabbott9128]

thank you for all your great work. I love your videos.

[@ConnorSitesBowen]

Just went back and watched Part 1 - so hyped to watch part 2, and see how we humans push and pull them into modern phenotype.

[@chudgyth8889]

Great video guys! Will you be making a video on the domestication of donkeys as well though? I feel like horses get all the love

[@maureensurdez7841]

Nice editing of a complex story with many branches of science thought.

[@LordStarleaf]

They call dogs "man's best friend". I refute this. If anything, this video provides ample arguments that horses are our best friends!

[@Svensk7119]

You make it sound as if food and fascination are opposite possibilities. Whatever animal you eat, you will respect.

[@Caliber-R]

There is a pretty fascinating lecture composed by a professor in California who explores the lineage in North American. In particular he wanted to understand when exactly the North American lineage disappeared. I believe it was in either a cave in Wyoming or Nevada he or an associate found a horse skull. According to him the skull appeared new. So recently in fact they assumed it was from a mustang or burro. However, they did eventually carbon date the skull and it dated to somewhere in the neighborhood of nine thousand to seven thousand years ago. Horse are pretty slept on. People who aren’t fascinated by them haven’t gotten the opportunity to experience horses in a pasture or free ranging.

[@talisikid1618]

No different than dear or antelope or bison.

[@thebesthomiegever]

YESS i was so excited for this part 2 !!!!

[@brendanhoffmann8402]

Awesome, I've been hanging out for this ever since I watched part 1

[@belisarius6949]

Oh my god part 2...I remember Horse evolution part 1, a very nostalgic video from a easier time.

[@lmp8932]

Excellent! Thank you😁

[@Bestape]

9:00 reminds me of Head Smashed in Buffalo Jump, where humans wore wolf pelts to scare the ungulates and used their momentum against them via stampede off cliff.

[@bronkobrumby776]

Good video, as usual. Yes i was curious, if you added the article, published in Nature, from Pablo Librado, Naveed Khan and Ludovic Orlando. And well you did, good research. Clearly a video, worth to share! Thanks for the efforts!

[@hugoalvord2779]

Fascinating stuff. This makes me much more interested in horses!

[@jollyjacobite1745]

Great video. I'm glad you mentioned the domestication of asses as a separate topic, and I hope it's one that is covered in the future. Something I've always wanted to know is the presence of stripes in the equine lineage aside from zebra. I have seen many modern depictions of ice age horses with stripes, is that pure speculation or is there compelling evidence of stripes in extinct species?

[@vernonfrance2974]

The mustang, the name for the feral horses of the Western USA, includes the grillo which has striping on its legs.

[@aaronlaluzerne6639]

So humans have been turning horses into glue for over 10,000 years.

[@twofishes8846]

Fascinating subject, our species, Homo sapiens' adaptation from pure survival to innovative problem solving and beyond! But at 8min. 45seconds into the story, had to comment; the weather and climate 32 thousand years ago may play a factor, as strategy, into the slaughter drive theory too.

[@otherpatrickgill]

Ben and his famous galloping eyebrows...

[@alexandershockey901]

the name of this video should be horse girls: living our Paleolithic ancestors wildest dreams

[@williamblansett5786]

I think your podcast would make money turning these two lectures into books that could be sold to universities as class books as well as libraries and bookstores. Even selling books online by having printing the books after you get the orders.

[@GriffinWulf]

more anticipated than the avatar sequels

[@thedoruk6324]

The Truth is we humans think them as *Tasty Snacc* way before thought them as workers

[@kuitaranheatmorus9932]

Now this was really great and I lovd it

[@MRsilverngold]

Wasn't that long ago that we relied on horses in many forms of transportation,they were used in our daily lives in warfare(WW2),farming industry,logging timber,postal mail delivery,cargo carriers & public/personal transport,even today we have a large & lucrative horse racing & breeding industry,the invention of the car ended the dominant roll that the horse had fulfilled,before cars if you didn't have a horse you walked every were,we owe a lot to the equine

[@ddrsteen]

Fascinating. I appreciate the presenter’s obvious enthusiasm for puzzling through evidence. In a world where science has become a political bludgeon, it is refreshing to hear someone use inquiry as a basis for better questions rather than a platform for a decided arrival at some sort of immutable and static truth. As I consider this problem of pinpointing equine domestication, it does seem that the use of horses as a weapon might have been a flashpoint. If human populations had begun to crowd into one another, the advantage of using horses for travel would have quickly excited territorial conflicts. The advantage of using horses as a martial technology would have raced along in such a short period of time that it may leave us a window of only a few hundred years in which to find the evidence we seek.

[@zombiehiphop]

LEGENDARY, NEVER THOUGHT WE'D GET A SEQUEL

[@reneeglover4819]

Yay! Loved this!

[@rogerlynch5279]

Npt only Domestification but also as Food. Still in Lower Bavaria between Landshut, Passau, Deggendorf and Regensbuh all sorts of meets are still done from horses. and that not only far of the " tourest places but in plain sight like the Horsebutcher store in Passau next to the town hall for example

[@jebsmoak7505]

I love you Ben from across the pond in south carolina ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤☆

[@snowdog03]

Domestication occurred relatively quick thanks to selective breeding. Temperament and size really changed.

[@Sarafimm2]

This makes me wonder how, where, and in what time frame do the "Amazons" or centaurs of Greek myth come into play with the domestication of horses.

[@osmosisjones4912]

The Borden of proof always falling on the accussers unappreciates how far Daniel can go

[@emiliasofiamartinicyermany9606]

aaand this video is from 2 years ago... would LOVE to see a video about updated info stated here, or that was unknown up til the video was made

[@myparceltape1169]

A horse incisor could be used as a fastener, just like the wood toggles on a Duffle Coat. Pass it through the hole length wise and let it turn side on.

[@akoski12]

@13:11 wouldn't that just be considered physical rock art lol. Thanks for the part 2! I was kind of worried it wasn't going to happen

[@generalputnam2990]

European archaeologists, in particular France, first studied & defined the early nomenclature of artifacts. They divided wall art (whether painted/drawn, carved/intaglio/incised or sculpted) depictions from "portable" art, i.e. jewelery, sculpture, or palettes/plaques. Such an abundance of research & collection of artifacts done in the interim has provided a wealth of debate. That German carved mammoth ivory horse is, indeed, extraordinary.

[@Derpzilla-tw2ox]

This is why Id say speculative evolution can be better for teaching it: knowing all the points from A to B for certain makes it a lot easier to explain

[@salazarway]

The Lusitanian Thoroughbred is a breed of horses originating in Portugal. It is the oldest saddle horse in the world, having been ridden for approximately five thousand years.

[@johnortmann3098]

Just found this channel and instantly subbed. That said, let me run something by you, in reference to Jared Diamond's book "The Third Chimpanzee." It's been awhile since I last read it, so I don't remember if he said so in so many words, but the clear implication was that the two species of chimps should be placed in the genus homo if the usual conventions of taxonomy were followed. This in turn implies that the common ancestor of chimps and the human line would also reside there, along with all the many taxons erected on the human fork. Thoughts?

[@dancingnature]

That’s one reason that the great apes are now considered to be in Hominidae. When Diamonds book was written, we didn’t have the DNA data . Now we do and that’s whyPongidae is no longer an official name .

[@one-clawedtheropod1567]

First, and Ben, you really make amazing content

[@winter2716]

Nope

[@one-clawedtheropod1567]

@@winter2716 Yea I know I was 2e. It didn’t see that when I was writing the comment

[@praise_kek340]

this video came out on my birthday and i missed it

[@machiavelZongo]

He seriously said ''''FRANCE''''' with an amazing british accent , amazing video, very appealing topic and this video has a handsome man. I don't know what i can ask for when you are so handsome and brainy at the same time LOL.Seriously the real star here were the horse. Horses are the BEST.

[@cloutlessmouse]

Oh shit I been waiting for this one

[@didyouthinkaboutthis]

Brilliant, thanks!

[@imjstcl]

Great video! I love research on domesticated animals

[@DanCooper404]

It's 3 AM...I need to get to sleep...right after this video.

[@RichardPhillips1066]

You can see domestican in action , with the urban fox , they slowly becoming almost tame , very soon people will start having them as pets

[@winter2716]

Unfortunately.

[@u.v.s.5583]

I am meeting some urban foxes almost daily. I guess they know me by now and it seems like they stop for a moment to chat, then move on. Is a green part of a large city.

[@adamrodaway1074]

I think the fact that they are largely nocturnal along with their, err, vocalisations would make them challenging pets 😅 “What does the fox say?” Fox: bloodcurdling scream! What does the fo

[@AquaticFlapper125]

Awesome video

[@saifurali8868]

Is there a significant difference ( genetic) between ponies and horses? Are the two terms synonymous?

[@Teleportella]

Some cultures don't even recognize the difference between ponies and horses, they just call them all horses. Both ponies and horses are Equus Caballus, so you could say they are synonymous. You could also make the case that what we call ponies today are actually more like the original wild horses, and the taller, sportier horses don't look that much like them.

[@cyankirkpatrick5194]

More horse sense and less horse power, I was surprised when a person who was person thought a rare Caspian horse breed was extinct until she saw one with a farer not too long ago.

[@StepBaum]

Very good video :)

[@WAMTAT]

great video

[@ohlangeni]

Africa also domesticated the horse. The Sahara evidences the domestication of the Iberian horse, now nearly extinct (now found only in Spain). The Donkey was also domesticated in the East Sahara or the Horn of Africa. Cattle were also domesticated in the East Sahara (at Nabta Playa).

[@noahway13]

He keeps looking toward his left, like an old typewriter shifting.

[@18ncarbonara]

I really like the shots of you with a horse :)

[@stevenzeluck]

thank you Ben

[@mnptm]

more likely, the horses were driven to exhaustion to this area; the prime tactic of homo sapiens is a coordinated marathon driving the prey to exhaustion, making tha animal an easy target for close weapondry

[@chade3400]

part 3 part 3 part 3 PART 3 PART 3 PART 3 PART 3

[@winter2716]

12:22 The OG furries must have been responsible for that 3.3% on the right! Love it. Also, happy belated birthday to Ben’s cat (in the description)!