The Weird, Watery Tale of Spinosaurus

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In 1912, a fossil collector discovered some strange bone fragments in the eerie, beautiful Cretaceous Bahariya rock formation of Egypt. Eventually, that handful of fossil fragments would reveal to scientists one of the strangest dinosaurs that ever existed -- the world’s only known semi-aquatic dinosaur.
Thanks as always to Nobumichi Tamura for allowing us to use his wonderful paleoart: spinops.blogspot.com/
Produced for PBS Digital Studios.
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References:
blogs.scientificamerican.com/...
laelaps.wordpress.com/2007/08...
www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/s...
www.nature.com/articles/324359a0
www.researchgate.net/profile/...
science.sciencemag.org/content...
www.researchgate.net/profile/...
www.researchgate.net/profile/...
ac.els-cdn.com/S1251805098800...
www.cambridge.org/core/journa...
news.nationalgeographic.com/n...
www.smithsonianmag.com/scienc...
The Baryonyx walkeri is from Cuff A, Rayfield E

[@Tinfoilnation]

Scientists: "But why a huge sail?" Spinosaurus: "It's called *fashion* , Brenda. Look it up."

[@Wolfboy_109]

I DECEASED 🗿💀🤣

[@remruattremzy7631]

Who's brenda😅

[@alcatraZ___444]

@@remruattremzy7631 probably a female Spino

[@alcatraZ___444]

@@remruattremzy7631 Hetah pawh Mizo ve tho k om ania😂 Mizo te hi kn population a tlem nen nen hian utube comments ahhian k hmu ve thei ziah😂

[@jeddelse9036]

@@alcatraZ___444 ? Tf is that language about? Alien or enchantment table laguage? Lol

[@Buildosaurus]

Wait a minute.. so any depiction of spinosaurus that I've seen before 2014 was based on pictures of a few bones? That's actually quite impressive!

[@xgodzhiredgunx]

LEGOSAURUS how did they figure out the arms is what I really want you know

[@user-kw9hg9o]

Exist Outside The Box They probably used Spinosaurus' relatives as a reference

[@BHuang92]

Also they calculated on size base on the bones unearthed a couple years ago since the original set was destroyed. Modern species such as crocodiles play a crucial role in how Spinosaurus behave as well.

[@VampiricDarkDragon]

+Exist Outside The Box More fossil evidence and such. One of the major problems with the more bipedal depictions of Spinosaurus (based on what was known about most other therapod dinosaurs) was that paleontologists couldn't figure out how it didn't topple over, as it was far too front-heavy. The discovery of them possessing a quadrapedal stance solves this problem.

[@jakepollen6839]

Educated guess work really. There was a time we got the heads wrong on a couple of them.

[@OptimusDelta]

Who is here after the discovery of new spinosaurus tail in morocco?this changes the entire dimension of this discovery. It was primarily an aquatic creature.such a fascinating discovery.I hope eons makes an update on this new discovery

[@silvervixen007]

Meeee🙆‍♀️

[@Devlove3]

Me too mate

[@Sol36900]

Me

[@aidenweiss924]

I agree dude

[@victoreaj4906]

me

[@indiighoul]

imagine your bones being fossilised for millions of years and then when they're finally discovered they're bombed oof

[@danstiver9135]

3:27 "Irritator"? That's an unfortunate name, what did the paleontologist who discovered it accidentally step on the bone and hurt their foot?

[@KhanMann66]

The amateur team responsible for wrapping the bones did it improperly cause massive headaches for the cleaning team. Thus the name.

[@Aauussttiinn]

This comment needs more likes

[@muznick]

That dinosaur would of course be called, Legosaurus.

[@rcraw6447]

Mr Shambleface basically everything that could’ve gone wrong went wrong lol

[@unwiser]

It’s because the scientist had a lot of trouble with it

[@96ruiz]

When i was in 2nd grade my teacher at the time made me do a report on a dinosaur. I remember looking at books for hours trying to decide which dinosaur to choose. I eventually settled on Spinosaurus; I remember thinking to myself this dinosaur is special. The information was sparse at the time, they knew it was discovered in africa; but that was it. I spent hours trying to find more information on It, and i did thanks to the to the early internet. I read and read more research about it; which i eventually understood after rereading them so many times. Anything just sate my curiosity; thinking back at it i even formed my own hypotheses about what the sail was used for. That research planted that little seed in me that eventually blossomed to a passion for Science. I'm in college rn majoring in Chemistry; and I'm just coming home to take a small break before i go back and study. Watching this video made me a little misty eyed as this was the reason my insatiable curiosity for the natural world came about. It puts things into perspective , you know?

[@redherringg]

Thank you, this was nice to read.

[@smellyclementineshorrifyin5973]

Godspeed, my friend

[@elienaihernandez3681]

Nobody asked

[@Absaroka]

@@elienaihernandez3681 Edgy

[@nikolombardi512]

@@elienaihernandez3681 Okay Lego Batman

[@divyanshr7014]

Spinosaurus:- Hold my bear T. rex :- I cant

[@Scazoid]

Carcharodontosaurus: Sorry bro Giganotosaurus: Same Spinosaurus: Bruh

[@finchatforharambe905]

Carntosaurus:Sorry Spinosaurus: *visible rage*

[@user-mp8wy8lp4y]

Allosaurus: laughs in the distance

[@youjustgotvectered5779]

Brachiosaurus: Ight *crunch*

[@mrmeme9991]

Carnotorus: BrUh!!

[@neilc.8368]

IT HAD A PADDLE TAIL! It’s now confirmed that it was more aquatic then ever before!!!

[@tvbnine793]

The largest Therapod was a glorified crocodile

[@user-mp8wy8lp4y]

@@tvbnine793 surprising that out of a 8 ton monster that could crush bones in its mouth like twigs, a fearsome superpredator that lived alongside giant sauropods, and a massive beast of a carnosaur that had sharkilke teeth, the biggest theropod dinosaur of all time was a fish eating swimmy boi with a eel like tail and a crocodile head.

[@tvbnine793]

@@user-mp8wy8lp4y boy what I'd give to time travel to the River of Giants and see one alive

[@user-mp8wy8lp4y]

@@tvbnine793 yeah, seeing a real life spino would be a opportunity I would never say no to!

[@tvbnine793]

@@user-mp8wy8lp4y Just keep your distance tho

[@JRPGGUY]

Keep dishing out these dinosaurs videos since Animal Planet and Discovery wont 🤣

[@archieflintmac3911]

Game Head preachhhhh

[@berengerchristy6256]

really. animal planet and discovery channel and history channel are dead

[@albatross4920]

Game Head agreed, we need more dino media

[@BertGrink]

I don't know what Animal Planet is doing these days, but Discovery is a bit of a joke in my opinion. When they began airing all those reality/game shows, that was the end of their credibility.

[@Newbmann]

Game Head CANT WAIT FOR THAT NEW DUCK LIKE RAPTOR FOUND IN 2017

[@JJRBones]

This channel has reignited my love for dinosaurs, thank you

[@helldronez]

who doesn't love dinosaurs has no love xD

[@afrz4454]

Guess that sail question has finally been answered

[@catta4491]

my man spino keeps getting weirder because yes

[@alexandroskaminas]

It's so cool seeing long-held scientific questions being answered right before our eyes

[@hoidthings5728]

Wait, I didn't caught the thing. What is the answer on that one? Heard recently only about: creating the shadow for fish to eat them like some herons, display and to protect against land predators biting from the up... But none of these seemed to be just the ideal there

[@dwddddd5]

@@catta4491 It just gets weirder, there is a recently discovery about it's tail being different from what we thought it was

[@jasper3706]

@@hoidthings5728 Its tail also had spines. The experts who did the paper have speculated that it would have looked kind of like a newt's tail and been very good for underwater locomotion (but not TOO good, just very good)

[@barbatoslupusrex8712]

I’m seriously in love with the new look of the spinosaurus. It’s so cool and unique now. It’s not just like a regular theropod that hunted other dinosaurs and with similar body build.

[@Boarderforlife15]

Hi, I'm an arctic archaeologist. But I also love paleoecology. Would you consider doing a video on Megaloceros (the largest deer that ever lived) or Paraceratherium (the largest terrestrial mammal that ever lived)?

[@xavierrosado8575]

Wasn't Paraceratherium smaller than Palaeoloxodon namadicus ?

[@rebeccamahr8235]

The paraceriatherium is also related to rhinos

[@TheOriginalNixiam]

I have a question how long does it take for you job to not be grave robbery

[@codywachsmuth9523]

I'd love to see a video about megaloceros!

[@josefmariacajthaml5279]

Paraceratherium and Megaloceros

[@durpddurke4633]

Now I'm waiting for you guys to give us the history of crocodilians

[@KhanMann66]

Oh man, the old saying how they hardly change is so inaccurate. At one time they even occupied the herbivore niche.

[@bray2964]

Da Dragon Durp Crocodillomorphs for the win

[@alphamaledeathclaw1038]

Da Dragon Durp it would be cool if they upload soon bc I have a project about the evolution of crocodilians

[@alphamaledeathclaw1038]

KhaanMan66 exactly,terrestrisuchus doesnt look like a crocodilomorph and like you said,some (like simosuchus) were terrestrial herbivores

[@davidmorris6226]

Da Dragon Durp I second this. Pristichampsus is one of my favs

[@moomoomonkey2727]

These things killed me my pteradon and my otter trying to cross a river to the red woods

[@Cream_Drinker]

Big oof man.

[@oak8626]

Im sorry for your loss

[@EclipseGamingPS]

Damn man, rest in peace. Ive lost so many dinos to baryonyx an spinos.

[@Scazoid]

Big F

[@spinosaurusaegyptiacus6425]

Lol at least you didn’t get ambushed by a giga while riding an anchy

[@Xabiermorales]

More like the Weird, watery TAIL of spinosaurus, am i right?

[@christopherdinoguy8346]

You dropped this → 👑

[@reuelchinthala]

Word

[@ShotByOzai]

i thought thats what it said

[@lckyjojo5215]

Ee ee

[@sinancanyucel2780]

hush

[@brycevo]

From a Rex with a sail, to an armored giant, to a more crocodilian dinosaur. Spinosaurus has changed alot. It was a little odd how this video glossed over the pop culture rendition of Spinosaurus, that swayed scientific thinking until the later discoveries about seven years later. But I must thank you for focusing on the science. Thank you.

[@mezo4010]

And now he's a Crocoduck Boi

[@brycevo]

pedro henrique gazon It's like as though a giant crocodile grew a long neck and a sail. It's wierd but I love it.

[@mezo4010]

Love it too,my favorite nonavian dinosaur

[@brycevo]

pedro henrique gazon My favorite Non Avian is it's "Rival" and it's family. But I can appreciate the crocodilian Spinosaurus. It's odd, but odd is good.

[@yd6505]

Bryce Mckenzie lol

[@thatpinprickoftime]

No matter the topic, Kallie's videos are always my favourite ones. You can hear the wonder and passion for the subject in her voice. It's lovely!

[@fredericksmith7942]

She’s great! I also love Blake’s more goofy delivery as well.

[@itsturniptime3699]

"Worlds only semi-aquatic dinosaur" ... *looks at Baryonyx and Suchomimus*

[@alexanderthegreat913]

ShopKeep Magolor *Looks at Irritator*

[@Shualiksik]

Irritator is irritated that it wasn't mentioned

[@zooemperor3954]

Face it! All spinosaurs in general were at least semi aquatic

[@rezarailfans1514]

*Anxiously Look at Halzkaraptor*

[@HogBurger]

*Reza Railfans looks at oxalaia*

[@highaunt9679]

“The worlds only semi aquatic dinosaur” Baryonyx from ark: Allow me to introduce myself

[@OptimusDelta]

Spino tail : You haven't even seen my full form yet.

[@EclipseGamingPS]

They have INFINITE STUN IN THE WATER

[@GerackSerack]

Those are some interesting traits, probably had a big impact on the aquatic meta.

[@user-th1fq8lx8g]

GerackSerack lol

[@BearDrivingACar]

r/outside

[@Docteroftime]

I get you

[@Docteroftime]

Ha

[@bioluminescentpajamas7472]

*I see you're a man of culture as well.*

[@khango6138]

Scene from Monty Python and the Holy Grail, modified: Spinosaurus: Ibrahim turned me into a newt! Local warden: A newt? Spinosaurus: Yes, Ibrahim et al. 2020

[@flutedguy494]

And yet again, Spinosaurus continues to reinforce itself as my favorite dinosaur. What a lovely, mysterious creature!

[@ngodoy247]

We need a remake of this episode to discuss the discovery of its new paddle tail. I'm stoked when we find out it could fly too

[@brendarua01]

This is a great example of how paleontology can be done. Thanks for sharing!

[@macrussell78]

I hope Spino just keeps getting weirder. Like it shot fire out it's nose and spoke 4 languages.

[@vrana8827]

You forgot the Wings.

[@megajeremy90001]

No maybe this 2020, spinosaurus could go super saiyan and it could do Kamehameha.

[@dylancassady-horton]

If you haven’t, please do an updated video on Spinosaurus with the recent discovery of the tail bones!

[@el_guapo1318]

Ah Spinosaurus. The dinosaur that in a certain video game can go from walking on all fours and chasing you down in a gait that makes it look like an adorable giant murder puppy, to instead running on its hind legs and clawing at your face in a gait that instead makes it appear like a funny giant death ducky. God I love Spinos.

[@bananaman5238]

"The wierd watery Tail* of spinosaurus" -2020 edition

[@ameermeqbel5250]

Copied comment

[@bladeoftheruinedking2543]

Jjj

[@JoseR1207]

The Spinosaurus is one of my favourite dinosaurs, because it is an amphibious dinosaur, betsides to be the most exotical and large theropod! :D

[@mintayza7784]

I wonder if we'll be getting an update or follow-up to this vid, with the new paddle tail discovery and all...

[@coppersskies1785]

Spinos are my favorite dinosaur because of how strange it is.

[@cirujatucuman3363]

Mine too, it's in my top 5 of favourite dinosaurs. I know it when I saw Jurassic Park 3 in theaters, and it's a fascinating animal. And the reconstructions didn't make it worse, it's even more incredible. I was really excited with the discover of his new tale and the theory of a full aquatic animal. But my most favourite one it will be always the Deinonychus.

[@joschuaknuppe5849]

New Spinosaurus material was found before the Ibrahim/Sereno specimen was discovered, more notable a very large maxilla and a sub-adult specimen in private hand.

[@paleofolk9460]

the Milan specimen from which everything started, wonder why they don't mention it....

[@theunclecappy4846]

I just realized... *you're the dragon guy*

[@quindecim7507]

Can we get a video on purlovia and other therapsids? I find the transition from reptile to mammal fascinating.

[@seanbrady8302]

2nd this!

[@EryxUK]

Can't wait to see your update to this video with regards to the new Spinosaurus find.

[@John_Fugazzi]

Fascinating. I had no idea that anything was known of Spinosaurus as far back as 1912. Thank you.

[@FlintSparkedStudios]

Man, what I would give to see that river of giants in its prime. I can't even imagine how awe inspiring and terrifying it would have looked and sounded.

[@24packofcrayolabrandcrayon74]

Well it was probably big and wet

[@Usulcardo]

You should do an episode about pollinators, how they became a thing and how their relationship with plants evolved through time. How the first plants dealt with the non-existence of animal pollinators, etc.

[@kell2883]

2020 spinosaurus: ight, watch this

[@mrdirtslife2688]

It’s awesome that animals like this once walked the earth, but it sucks that we’ll never know their behavior or what they actually looked like.

[@Jack2X4]

Hope you guys do an updated episode on Spinosaurus. With the additional information over the past year. Eagerly look forward to it

[@Trex-or6cd]

"only semi-aquatic dinosaur". What about Halszkaraptor?

[@lukebottetonic2526]

T rex Yeah that's what I said, the very swan-like raptor was discovered last year so it's kind of disappointing.

[@deinonychusraptor]

It's possible that they didn't know about Halszkaraptor at the time.

[@somedude140]

Raptors R Awesome That would mean the script is almost a year old.

[@Trex-or6cd]

Raptors R Awesome this video came out a couple minutes ago so they should have known, it's been a year.

[@TheHortoman]

What about penguins though

[@PerfectlyFreedom]

And now the sail just gets longer to the tail. It's so exquisitely exciting to keep following the update of Spinosaur through lifetime. It seems the mystery is slowly yet surely to be unraveled.

[@elCONQUEROR81]

Guessed spino would be a swamp monster way back when I heard about it. I remember someone saying the sail would break easy and kill the animal if it ran around like Trex is said to. Glad a better perspective came about

[@kucinglaper5330]

This is my favorite dinosaur when i was a kid

[@seandewar47]

Yay my favorite Dinosaur Can you do a Video of Beelzebufo?

[@mitchellskene8176]

Would be interesting to learn more about the Madagascan frog from hell

[@raging_crocodile2081]

YES!

[@superdumpfback4041]

The modern Goliath Frog is almost as big as 40cm Beelzebufo. There's evidence of an even bigger prehistoric giant helmet frog 50-60 cm in length (can't link to scientific article because YT marks it as spam)

[@seandewar47]

Superdumpfback do you know the Scientific name of the Frog or the name of the Article so I can going it myself?

[@superdumpfback4041]

Sean Dewar The article is called "Evidence of a giant helmeted frog (Australobatrachia, Calyptocephalellidae) from Eocene levels of the Magallanes Basin, southernmost Chile" To be more precise: The estimated length of it is 580- 591 millimetres

[@omegagreenbean8074]

You need to make an updated video on the spino because they recently found tail bones that make even more aquatic. It now has a salamander like fish tail.

[@SNova27]

The spino is my favorite dino it looks so cool

[@ianrey5235]

i'd love to see a new video about the tail discovery! spinosaurus is so fascinating

[@brianjackson828]

My five-year-old daughter and I *love* your videos. We were wondering about the differences between frogs and toads. When did they evolutionarily diverge?

[@Radi0ActivSquid]

Growing up I had a spinosaurus poster hanging above my bed. I loved that dino.

[@prsdh1285]

This Chanel is we’re Ark players come to make reference.

[@zakjb1523]

Kinda yh

[@darshansinghdarshan7842]

T rex: c'mon Scientists you have my fossils you can tell that did I had feathers!?? Spinosourus : what even am I!!!??

[@joschuaknuppe5849]

"The River of Giants" was only part of the Kem Kem beds, Bahariva was a own river sytstem and there were a couple other rivers flowing into the sea in North Africa, it wasn't one giant river ;)

[@joschuaknuppe5849]

Well, I did more than 60 pieces of art or a upcoming book on the subject, one learns a few things here and there ;)

[@corvair5454]

Bless you

[@A-whoopsie-daisy]

I know this is late, but is the book out? What is it called? Id like to check it out!

[@fionagibson7529]

Someone called spinosaurus a “useless fish eater” and I asked them if they’d call a Nile crocodile that while staring it in the face. No response.

[@NelsonDiscovery]

Can I just express how awesome it is that someone named a race of dinosaurs Irritator? Awesome. Thank you.

[@amandabecerra2929]

I've never been so happy. This is my favorite dinosaur and has been since i was a kid. Thank you guys so much!!

[@DeBoswachter]

Darn that WW2, so much fossiles lost :( great video !

[@Areanyusernamesleft]

De Boswachter well carpet bombing tends to be indiscriminate...

[@nanuqo2006]

And People too

[@ayoutubecommenter1827]

The allies were the real war criminals

[@themockingdragon135]

Probably my biggest gripe about the wars, though they were silly to begin with.

[@elijuvan4131]

Brandon Smith yeah idk bout that son.

[@dr5820]

I think it would make sense that the sail, while the rest of the body was submerged, would help to regulate body temperature, and probably doubled as a display for mating. To have all these adaptations for life in water, I'd say it's quite obvious that they spent MOST of their time in water, not just some.

[@belovedandchampion]

*Spinosaurus was a semi-aquatic dinosaur* My brain: HE’S A SEMI-AQUATIC, EGG-LAYING REPTILE OF ACTION!!!!

[@CybranM]

I've watched all your videos in less than three days. They're all great, keep up the good work :D

[@fabriciosilva6157]

CybranM You are not the only one. I did it in one week.

[@ChronicallyCurious]

Do any stand out as favorites, or like Top 10 material? And kudos. I love finding a new channel to love and just breathing in the content.

[@ssjraikage7874]

I applaud you guys for making this video. I live spinosaurus and it will always have a high place in my top ten dinosaur list. Please make more dinosaur content like this video.

[@savannahw4177]

i’ve watched this video so many times! the spinosaurus is my favorite dinosaur ever and also my favorite animal. thank you for this video it really has given me so much info on the coolest dino ever!!

[@drederaghtretre9756]

+awwardemo this video is really not accurate anymore

[@aosundragonkiller11]

It just got even weirder

[@Malassaf97]

2:02 so, basically stromer discovered godzilla..

[@thedoruk6324]

+Mohammed Alassaf this video is *not* really 'that' accurate anymore Turns out that the Spinosaurus is more like the theropods, terrestrial dwelling. The Spinosaurus seem to be really unfit to diving; and not even swimming due to its anatomical structure, and placements of its organs, along with the fact that the *original* bio-isotope studies concluded that the spinosaurus is the most terrestrial spinosaurid and has similiar isotope compared to most theropods. Sources; Oxygen isotope evidence for semi-aquatic habits among spinosaurid theropods A buoyancy, balance and stability challenge to the hypothesis of a semi-aquatic Spinosaurus Stromer, 1915

[@bossky_plays177]

Yep

[@ThatOneSpongeBobFanAtSchool]

Yep uhhhhhhhhhh wow

[@aimeers2561]

@@thedoruk6324 Since Im too lazy to go see it myself: Does the Spinosaurus stick part of its head into the water to catch prey? That has to be the use of the receptors and the raised nostrils

[@theodore4165]

Croczilla

[@shazbotmcgee4055]

So if I'm not mistaken, Jurassic Park 3 depicted Spinosaurus in 2001 but we really didn't have much to go on until 2014?

[@aravsingh2868]

Yup

[@SMDoktorPepper]

It is very telling about how rare fossils really are since it took a century to find another example of spinosaurus.

[@meboi7874]

This is why it's my favorite dinosaur.

[@nakenmil]

Please do a video about how the ancestors of vertebrates and arthropods separated! I'd love to see what science knows about why and how such different solutions to limbed life came into being, and what adaptations occured in the cleavage point. :D

[@DhakaHyanataR]

Thank you very much for explaining this. This is my favorite dino and i was hoping months ago that you will bring a story about this. It's like a dream come true for me

[@thecraftycyborg9024]

Her excitement over the poster is adorable.

[@cmdrfrosty3985]

Good job Jurassic park 3 your spino was surprisingly accurate for what you had to work with

[@joschuaknuppe5849]

His name began with Freiherr, that's an old nobility title. ;)

[@minhqun]

Freiherr=Freeman in German?

[@johannageisel5390]

The literal translation would be "free lord" or "free master". A "Herr" is a man with a certain autority over other people. Although today "Herr" is the general polite form of adress for any man in German, similar to using "Mister" (from "master") in English. "Freiherr" is the lowest nobility title, equal to "baron" in French.

[@johannageisel5390]

Fun fact: Stromer's full name was "Karl Heinrich Ernst Freiherr Stromer von Reichenbach".

[@Fabian-wx6gw]

@@johannageisel5390 aber den titel baron hatten wir dich auch ^^

[@MisterIvyMike]

@@johannageisel5390 "Koorl Heinrigg Örnst Fräihörr Strömer von Raigenbagg" please... ☝️😂

[@ianalvord3903]

This was great. I want more episodes like this, that focus on the actual discovery and fossils.

[@samuelschonenberger]

The Spinasaurus has always been my favorite Dinosaur

[@canethevelociraptor501]

"The World's only Semi-Aquatic dinosaur" Halszkaraptor: I'm about to end this man's whole career

[@rayworland7744]

Scientists: We think we know how this dino looks Spinosaurus: Hold my drink

[@johnbiever4204]

I love this stuff. You guys are the only consistent source of prehistoric content on KZbin. Also, you should do a video on the history of Carnotaurini.

[@pumco7671]

Thank you *Eons* for giving me great and ancient knowledge and you just earned a new subscriber

[@davidmcwilliams717]

U guys forgot to mention about Scott Hartman’s reconstruction because the one you showed in the video is classed as inaccurate because the legs are 28% smaller than what they should be, but it was really enjoyable and I love hearing about its history during ww2 u guys r awesome so keep popping out these dinosaur videos

[@svenheuseveldt7188]

Hartman only disagreed, he didn't prove that Ibrahims proportions are wrong, in fact Ibrahims team corrected Hartman on his reconstruction later on....

[@veggieboyultimate]

There is another spinosaurid that’s like the “bipedal spinosaurus”, sigilmassasaurus Plus, spinosaurus is not the only aquatic dinosaur, there’s halszkaraptor (and possibly the other spinosaurids)

[@globin3477]

You forgot the penguins.

[@grendel8342]

not possible for theropods to be quadrupedal. the upper body was not built to support their weight or walk in that fashion at all. the wish bone that theropods possess locked the shoulders in place, meaning that the arms could not move in the swinging motion that is needed for that kind of movement. The knuckle walking is also impossible, as its arms could not have supported its weight. The idea of a quadrupedal spinosaurus or any theropod is an outdated and impossible idea at best. it’s tail which was used for balance and the shift in center of gravity comes into play, thats another thing people forget. the idea that spinosaurus walked on all fours is laughable at best, the paper that was written was horribly rushed and not reviewed well enough before release. Its upper body anatomy and arm anatomy would not have allowed for it, it may have had shorter legs than previously thought but that does not mean it would have slumped over on to its arms, even though it was a light animal for its size its arms could still have not bore the weight with out breaking in some kind of way. (also did not mean to sound aggressive, was just passing on information)

[@globin3477]

To my understanding, Spinosaurus would have waddled like the aforementioned penguins... if that's the case, how did it catch prey on land?

[@grendel8342]

it was a predominant aquatic predator, thats why it had aquatic adaptations.... The animals that it ate was around or in the water. The fish that it hunted were larger than some smaller boats. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Spinosaurus_with_contemporaneous_taxa.jpg

[@jackleo4435]

hadrian k. Actually sgilmassasaurus was just a synonym for spinosaurus.

[@Allon-rv2jp]

Don't let this distract you from the fact that Steven Spielberg knew what the Spinosaurus look like before a complete fossil was found

[@bobcat24]

Allon 1275 No he didn’t.

[@saphirethecat7948]

Im proud of Spinosaurus being my favourite dinosaur.

[@Borjigin.]

Love your positivity and excitement in this, top-notch presentation as always.

[@_ataraxia_arts_]

I literally just finished presenting my 10th Grade Project. My chosen topic was the Spinosaurus' sail. It is my favorite dinosaur.

[@jacobeng4097]

I love this channel! Been watching it nonstop for the last week. I would love to see more videos on sea life.

[@albatross1688]

I'd love to see a video dedicated to the T-Rex. Also, one dedicated to what aquatic life was like during the Mezozoic.

[@stop5687]

And that is why I love this dinosaur.

[@BillieBryan]

Fascinating stuff. This is easily one of my favourite PBS Digital Studios channels.

[@turmunhkganba1705]

Could you cover the evolution of blood?

[@somedude140]

Since blood is a very ancient trait found in almost all animals a lot about it is unknown, but theorizing about why and how it evolved would still be cool.

[@DM-xw5rp]

They did look it up

[@Transportia]

Enjoyed a lot of these vids--thank you Eons Team for this extremely useful contribution to popular science education.

[@alexbuckley5178]

Spinosaurus was and is my favorite dinosaur growing up. Even though it may not look like it could take on a T. rex like in Jurassic park 3 it still looks badass as this is what it truly looked like and I’m happy to except the truth. It’s just like if dinosaurs had more proto feathers than we thought they are still cool and only true lovers of history will be able to except this.

[@kiavang7309]

*aLLiEd fOrCes bOmED ThE fOsSiLEs* Out of all the axis bases you could’ve bombed you bombed the museum

[@ayoutubecommenter1827]

And all the innocent german civilians.

[@thatonespoopykid1214]

That’s the only thing that the allies did during WWII that made me mad

[@logi8133]

@@thatonespoopykid1214 same

[@dolphinboi-playmonsterranc9668]

@@ayoutubecommenter1827 All the German men and boys were apart of the military, the women were likely working in factories to produce things like airplanes and such, and those who raised children likely left them to their older daughters or elderly.

[@dolphinboi-playmonsterranc9668]

@@thatonespoopykid1214 French people: We have been forgiven for surrendering, oui?

[@somedude140]

Halszkaraptor was a semi-aquatic dromeosaur discovered in 2017. And I can also be pretty confident in saying ducks, seagulls, and all the other waterbirds are semiaquatic too.

[@Danquebec01]

Especially penguins.

[@madhatten00]

lol spinosaurus is a giant duck with a dorsal fin

[@superdumpfback4041]

Birds aren't considered to be dinosaurs just because they are their successors. They are archosaurs, together with dinosaurs, pterosaurs and crocodiles

[@Danquebec01]

Superdumpfback Cladistically, any successor to something is part of the same group. And cladistic purism tends to be the preferred way nowadays, unless specified otherwise. So any successor to dinosaurs are dinosaurs. Dinosaurs are part of archosaurs, so all dinosaurs are also archosaurs, along with crocodiles, who are not dinosaurs. And all birds are theropods, which also includes spinosaurus or tyrannosaurus but not triceratops or argentinosaurus.

[@superdumpfback4041]

Danquebec01 Okay. But does this mean we belong to a group of unicellular organisms? Because our earliest ancestors were protozoal

[@nHautamaki]

A video about a census of prehistoric fossils found that estimates populations of various now extinct species would be cool. I know you have noted the overwhelming numbers of trilobyte fossils found, would be cool to see how other fossils stack up population/numbers wise too.

[@MuertaRara]

time for a new video 😉

[@grymgungus3933]

I've heard that some people theorize that ceratosaurus's unusually flexible tail and swampy environment could have meant that it swam. I don't think there's any direct evidence though.

[@AngryKittens]

"The world's only known semi-aquatic dinosaur" What about ducks? :P

[@zooemperor3954]

Angry Kittens I think they meant non-avian dinosaurs

[@zooemperor3954]

Or cormorants, alcids (auks, murres and puffins), swans, gannets, pelicans, arguably the Osprey, etc.

[@gswalex2674]

Those are descendants of dinosaurs

[@AngryKittens]

@@gswalex2674 That's like saying whales are descendants of mammals. Birds _are_ dinosaurs.

[@joedartonthefenderbass]

Ducks arent dinosaurs

[@everythingelseisirrelevant7573]

That's why I love Spinosaurs they're so adaptable in land and water.

[@PipiLongStawlk]

Excellent video, I didn't learn much because I already most of the stuff you said but still , this channel is absolutely amazing. I wish there would be more like it. You guys go amazing work to showcase paleontology!!