Differential explained - How differential works open, limited slip

[@EngineeringMindset]

*This video took a long time to make* if you would like to buy Paul a coffee to say thanks, link below: ☕ PayPal: www.paypal.me/TheEngineerinMindset Channel membership: kzbin.info/door/k0fGHsCEzGig-rSzkfCjMwjoin Patreon: www.patreon.com/theengineeringmindset

[@yelloweater5506]

It rotates upward or in other words the axis will rotate in left direction

[@thefastsnake3015]

I feel like the friction design is pretty flawed since designs using friction will need replacement for those parts frequently in comparison to other types of design due to the friction wearing out after certain amount of use, are there any limited slip differential designs that can bypass this issue?

[@NNS_FEEDER]

If u wanted to do a automotive video could you make one for the wire harness potentially if one has fried it somewhere and how to make a repair if not the wiring harness would be helpful great videos btw ❤

[@StephenMusyoki-oz4nk]

😊

[@eugenepolan1750]

Which way the gear will turn is a matter of a pinion.

[@sedled2829]

Eugene Out

[@EngineeringMindset]

I see what you did there

[@alexv5581]

Love this pun lol

[@Iwannagofast]

😱🤯🤭

[@rhouser1280]

Never heard that before, got a chuckle 👍

[@paul.phillips]

At 5:17 it mentions the camshaft, but this is not correct, this is a CRANKSHAFT. The crankshaft transfers power to the drivetrain, the camshaft controls the opening and closing of the valves so that the intake and exhaust strokes are timed properly.

[@orlandostead8703]

Correct.👍

[@Charliegray83]

The Crankshaft also converts linear motion into rotary motion

[@Charliegray83]

@@maalikserebryakov 👍 yes the linear motion of the pistons to rotary motion of the crankshaft..

[@X-ty3de]

bla bla bla

[@TheMrb777]

Thanks for confirming 💯

[@mikepeterson9733]

Thanks for the engineering lecture, and much love!!!

[@EngineeringMindset]

Much appreciated, Mike. Thank you.

[@tensevo]

Very good, worth pointing out that the clutch pack can be adjusted so that it grips with different torque profiles. The differential is really an extension of the steering system, conceptually.

[@alexhaywood326]

Worth pointing out that clutch pack type lsd are trash. Helicals are the only way to go

[@nickb2179]

crank shaft not cam shaft and drive shaft is arguably a prop shaft. Drive shaft would be straight from gearbox to front wheels in a fwd car - or driveshaft is from diff to wheels in a fully independent suspension rear drive car. In a live “axle” setup as per this video - its axle shaft from diff to wheel and prop shaft from gearbox to diff

[@riverracer]

here on Australia we call it a driveshaft from the gearbox to the diff. a propshaft is found in a boat.....

[@michaeltran2962]

Just watched a video explaining the differential back in the 30s or so. And now this. Nice

[@PCBWay]

This is beyond describable. You're an absolute legend! Our huge pleasure to work with you 🤟

[@EngineeringMindset]

Always a pleasure, so pleased with the resin print too, looks amazing! Already thinking of new projects

[@PCBWay]

@@EngineeringMindset Super expected our next one 🤟🤟

[@RendomBanda143]

We've got a lot to learn from this

[@MyScienceWorld825]

Yah you're right

[@JogBird]

this channel is prob the best at integrating promotional materials into video imo

[@EngineeringMindset]

Woops, well spotted. I'll add a correction in the description.

[@mikechiodetti4482]

Very good explanation. Limited slip or positraction diffs are good but can get you into trouble. Ask me how I know! Air or electrical locking differentials are much better and give you the option to run an open diff or a "locked" diff. There's also another way which is using the ABS to intermittently apply and release the brake at the slipping wheel and allow the diff to apply more power to the non slipping wheel. You still have an open diff but when needed the ABS system gives you that "limited slip" feature. I have the ARB Air Locker in my Nissan Frontier 4X4's rear diff. Works great!

[@michaelvirzi629]

Isn't that the difference between "lsd" and "traction control"?

[@jerlij1249]

Learned and understood a lot more than many textbooks 👍

[@i.ak.1684]

Amazing video. I'm super fascinated by this. I wanted to learn how cars work for so long, but didn't know there are videos explaining car mechanics as in debt as these videos do. Great! I'll be coming back here often. That's for sure!

[@franssantos9417]

I paused to ensure i dont forget to subscribe. Fantastic vid!

[@ZincOxideGinger]

Thanks!

[@EngineeringMindset]

Thank you!

[@Gunshinzero]

I never knew about slip in an open diff. I remember wondering years ago why a stick car suddenly acts like it's 1 wheel drive.

[@evanchapmanfanman]

One thing that was not mentioned is that when the wheel with less traction begins to spin, an outward force on the spur gears is generated due to attempting to spin the low traction wheel, this force will further lock the clutches, the spring alone won’t create enough force on its own. All bevel gears create an outward force when load is applied.

[@momser2252]

I really like the animations... Easy to understand.... More videos..!!!!

[@cedarpoplar]

Thank you. Thank you very much. This'll save lots of time and stress on other subjects. Thank you

[@allenleo1236]

Thank you very much for the video you made, which gave me a new understanding of the principle of differentials, a problem that has troubled me for a long time. I would like to discuss the following issues with the author and fellow fans: Suppose I install motors with sufficient power on the left and right wheels respectively, so that they can mesh with the star gear and rotate in opposite directions when the differential housing and ring gear are stationary (that is, the transmission shaft does not rotate), Is this possible? If possible, does that mean assuming the differential housing and ring gear are rotating at 100RPM clockwise, when the left wheel (left side gear) is rotating at 200RPM counterclockwise, the right wheel (right side gear) Will it rotate clockwise at 300RPM? Modified (2024.2.9) After thinking about it for a long time today, I have a new understanding of this problem. Now I think that assuming that the left wheel (left side gear) rotates forward at 200RPM, when the differential housing and ring gear rotate forward at 100RPM, the right wheel (right side gear) should be at 0RPM Because when the left quadrant point of the star gear (i.e., the point of mesh with the side gear) rotates forward, the right quadrant point of the star gear (i.e., the point of mesh with the other side gear) will rotate backward, so the connecting star The speed of the differential housing and ring gear of the gear should be half of the speed difference between the left wheel (left side gear) and the right wheel (right side gear). For example, the left wheel rotates forward at 500RPM and the right wheel rotates forward at 100RPM. The differential speed The speed of the motor housing and ring gear should be 300RPM forward. Do you think my understanding is correct?

[@terrancecloverfield6791]

Videos like these is the reason why current EVs should be best understood with respect to FWD/RWD and AWD. It's not always a good idea to just jump straight to AWD (e.g. buying M3LR), knowing the drive motor, albeit computer controlled, should not be a substitute for tried-true mechanical understanding.

[@MorningLightMtn]

The clutch pack operates by pure friction? Then how are the textured surfaces not ground smooth by the forces involved? Or is the spring precise enough in compressing the plates for that? If so, that is some very clever engineering. Very impressive

[@jamescole6846]

No they wear out. It just takes a while. There are two major classes of limited slip differential, clutch based and gear based. Clutches wear out by their very nature, friction surfaces that slide against each other. With proper friction modified lubricant it should last quite a while, but it does wear. Gear based differentials (Torsen) use gears to create the torque splitting function. There is some surface to surface sliding but it is of hardened steel. While there is a little wear it is minimal and this type will last a very long time. There are really four types. Open: and you deal with the one wheel spin every time you get stuck but very little maintenance. LSD clutch and LSD Torsen: Tries to give power to both wheels at all times but will still slip if enough force is applied. One wears out and needs to be serviced the other is more expensive upfront and the 4th is Lockers: There are 3-4 different kinds of lockers. Some Air, Some electronic actuated, some manual. Either of these have a mechanism in place to 'fuse' the spider gears thus making a solid straight axle when activated. A lot of 4x4's (real 4x4's not the All Wheel Drive cars or the trucks and suv's that pretend to be 4x4's). Lockers should only be used in snow, mud, off road etc... with front and rear lockers all 4 tires are locked to the same gear ratio and all 4 have equal force applied regardless of road condition. Using these on hard or dry surface will put extreme force on tires and drive train components when turning (especially the front wheels) and they must be manually activated and deactivated when needed. But you will never get stuck :)

[@QuincyStick]

to be fair the clutches in both your automatic transmission and manual transmission are also operated purely by friction.

[@Samara200M]

Good channel for sharing knowledge

[@timswann9351]

It feels weird to say, I'm so stressed out, and this video was super relaxing and informative.

[@denisk5062]

Glad to hear

[@T4NN3R]

I'm not watching this for school I'm watching this because I fuckign love engineering

[@technologyatease1642]

It is very informative and we learn a lot doing practicals based on your video

[@shizanepimp1]

Who came up with this? What a genius!

[@jypsydog6079]

Solid Visuals!

[@TheBlackCobra81]

@5:29 the crankshaft not the camshaft. Small error but I love the video

[@mrtayende705]

Well done! This helped me!

[@ThZuao]

Spiral cut gears in the diff. also allow the input shaft to be positioned at a tangent to the diff, instead of having the axis meet. This allows for cars with lower floors.

[@Robyrob7771]

CRANKSHAFT is what is driven by the pistons!

[@impactodelsurenterprise2440]

Fun fact the ratio of pinion to ring is 11:43, just 1 tooth short on the ring gear to make it a perfect ratio. Why? Because it's a hunting gear set, so named as the pinion hunts for it's original starting tooth engagement as it rotates. This is done on purpose to maximise wear life of the gears and is achieved by making the tooth count a prime number.

[@raleigh278]

Incredibly informative video. Thank you.

[@brianmcdermott2430]

Great instructional videos. Thank you. Great info.

[@Qeswara]

very Great explanation. ‪ ‏‪4:01‬‏ I do not think that gear ratios have anything to do with “ increasing ” fuel consumption. Above all, they are a Mechanical Advantage.

[@owenbondar8925]

great video. some minor errors but the concept is great!

[@alexismarcyting5340]

i’ve been waiting for your automatic transmission and rotary injection pumps explanation because no one can explain clearly as you do. i hope you’ll make soon.

[@pouryaahmadi615]

thanks for the great afrod in every video

[@bobbyjbobbyj]

In the animation, the pistons are directly causing the crankshaft to rotate, not the camshaft. Cams cause valves to open and close.

[@portechpoint603]

Thanks I always learn something new from your video. Keep it up

[@petersvan7880]

Awesome video, thank you!

[@OrangeeTang]

I enjoyed that and more importantly thanks for the knowledge.

[@fanindrasaini1794]

Hello sir, can you please make a video on Drone controller circuit and its programming.

[@Cape1984]

The pistons rotates the crankshaft and not the camshaft. Note that the spiral drive gear is not centered with the ring gear like the straight ones for mechanical reasons that provide better transmission.

[@Perdentei]

Huzzah Good video, thank you♥️

[@sans_1993]

Let me know if my understanding is correct about spider gears around 4:30 - The spider gears have no rotational contact with the ring gear. The ring gear (being driven by the pinion gear) drives the axles of the wheels. The spider gears and side gears are moved by the ring gear only to control the speed of the wheel.

[@grfarrow]

Huzzah - what a great lesson

[@NohjeladEtneciv]

thank you for this video appreciated much💜

[@garrettlowell7637]

Thanks for this.

[@invokerkichu2429]

The best video I've seen regarding differentials so far.... ❤️❤️... Btw can u do another video on how a Torsen differential works ❤️

[@MrBrannfjell]

I have been thinking of a 3d printed wind fence design, where lots of small (100 - 150cm high) vertical wind turbines applies torque to a common drive shaft, that then later goes into an electric motor to generate electricity. The idea is to make it easy to 3d print at home, and reduce amount of expensive components. Since you only need etc 1 motor for lets say 10 small vertical wind turbines connected in serial. One question comes to mind is how to make each turbine apply their share of torque to the drive shaft, considering some might catch more wind and spin faster than on the other end on the fence. I need some sort of gear that turns horizontal torque into vertical torque, but not the other way around. (so busy turbines dont spin up the lazy turbines).

[@dougjohnson4266]

Limited slips also can wear out or lock when going around a slick corner causing the rear to slide out.

[@amafangames]

great video as always, i learned a lot from you

[@micheltbooltink]

As a small child I learned the working of a dif from lego technics.

[@bgodshall5651]

As a kid I enjoyed building a very simple transmission with technic one time, or at least tried to!

[@mcdermottrobert]

Great video as always. Is there an instruction sheet that goes along with the 3D print model for assembly?

[@YASIRALIVIRK]

Excellent

[@thegogetter8476]

Can you please make a video about a powerplant steam turbine generator. I love your channel. all the way from South Africa.

[@eSKAone-]

Thanks 💟

[@isabelgarcia891]

Thank you so much

[@EngineeringMindset]

You're most welcome

[@arijeetdas6536]

Can you plz make a video for clutch??? ❤️❤️❤️

[@Flyer10254]

For the question at the beginning of the video, the gear indicated should rotate toward the camera.

[@adaranijokayode4990]

Please can you guys make a video or playlist on smart energy meters, really need it for my final year project, thanks

[@TonyCharley]

Thanks for such a nice video explaining differential in detail. Could you please explain how it would be with LSD, when car travels on a slippery surface while taking a turn? i.e combining the two scenario you have explained. Thanks

[@tabelchobg1756]

Please make a video about the radio and how it works.

[@dantepons9125]

Hey man, can you make a video about fuel injection pumps explained ?

[@Jpriatna]

Apakah aman jika diferential kita las dan apa kelebihan nya jika di las dan kekurangannya jika diferential di las

[@tanusharma681]

Please make a video on "how signal jammer works".

[@12-dee-saprativsadhukhan38]

Plz make a video on how rf transmetre & reciver work🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏

[@printlife9016]

Thank you

[@wolfgangmozart746]

Hey would you be willing to do a video on how to make a charge indicator?

[@hentali]

Please talk about single phase alternating current

[@EngineeringMindset]

We have covered this many many times. Please see our other videos or website

[@redox3551]

Great Vedio as Always, Can we please get a detailed explanation of transistor amplifier circuits next please?

[@robertcopeland8855]

Would be helpful if you could do a video on Dident types of fire cable runs eg alalog

[@elonmusk3507]

Do a video on power line communication and smart meter

[@jameznm]

I'd swear that's a crank shaft not cam shaft.

[@F239141]

I 120% know how a diff works, but yet I'm here watching this video 😆

[@juperrr]

At 00:05:17 I think you meant the crankshaft NOT the camshaft.

[@ravindrashrivastav7589]

1) Towards us

[@PompeyMatt17]

I'm missing a trick here at 7.20 it looks like the left side gear isn't meshed with the spider gears?

[@EricNeilson_]

This is insane, how did anybody figure this out, like the first time

[@ucas5301]

thanks

[@michaelvirzi629]

You've explained how the clutch pack allows the axles to rotate at different speeds in a turn: The mere force of the different turning speeds from the wheels causes the disks to slip past the plates (I suppose by overcoming the amount of friction at the plates created by the spring). But you haven't explained the clutch pack causes the power, when one wheel encounters ice, to transfer to the other axle. Like most lsd videos, you've simply declared at the end that it does without explaining how. How does one side's clutch plates slipping prevent power from still being transferred to that side's side gear? If the open diff allows the side gears at any and all different rates, what prevents the gripping side from stopping while the slipping side takes all the power? In other words, what you've explained is how the point of slippage moves from the tire-ice contact point to the disk-plate contact point, but you haven't shown how that changes anything on the diff/opposite axle of the slipping side's clutch pack. Why would the diff act any differently on (i.e., transfer more power to) side gear B when side A is slipping? The ice situation is opposite the turning situation force-wise-- turning (assuming traction) resists axle rotation on the inside wheel relative to the outside wheel, but ice does the opposite, allowing freer rotation to the slipping side. You've explained the operation of the clutch pack in turning (where it isn't needed anyway since an open diff does that job), but you haven't explained how the clutch pack operates in the opposite condition-- ice allowing a wheel to spin freely. In other words, the difference a clutch pack makes is allowing an axle to be free (somewhat at least) of the side gear, whereas in an open diff it never is. But in an ice situation, so what? Friction is already freed, just farther out (where tire meets road). What removes power from the slipping side's side gear?

[@MikeCarusoGPlus]

Crank shaft, not cam shaft

[@EngineeringMindset]

Woops, wrong word. Well spotted, I'll add a correction in the description

[@thecorbies]

@@EngineeringMindset Usually, the gears that you refer to as 'spider gears' and 'side gears' should more properly be referred to as planet gears. Others have also mentioned the crankshaft/camshaft error. Your terminology (despite your English accent) seems to be the dumbed down USA version. It's almost as if the correct term is just too difficult to learn or remember, so they HAVE to simplify it. Otherwise, a fairly decent explanation of events. Regards Mark in the UK

[@kirkbrown2147]

Any gear meshed together will turn in opposite direction

[@TonyCharley]

Could you please share the 3D model for differential?

[@deerhunter5305]

Pistons are connected to the crankshaft not the camshaft.

[@maccaryver6133]

Does deceleration(increase torque and decrease revolution) always happen in the differential?

[@Marcy53Volkswagen]

the only incorrect thing is accidently saying the shaft that holds the crankshaft is the camshaft

[@CaineOs]

I did think how the answer to the diff spider gear rotation, is variable to the conditions LOL.

[@GTRxMan]

The engine delivers power through the crankshaft, not the camshaft. Your illustration is of a crankshaft but it is mislabeled/misidentified.

[@juperrr]

Hi there. At 00:02:12 if you lock both whells and turn the axle with your left hand as you do in the video, does anything turn at all? I am having a hard time visualizing it. Thank you!

[@Ottos_ScLm_Race_videos_2009_on]

No, both rear wheels can't turn if you lock them solid. Now if you are asking if you put what is called a spool where both rear wheels are locked together. Then both rear wheels turn at the same rate if you turn one or the other.

[@juperrr]

@@Ottos_ScLm_Race_videos_2009_on That is what I thought also. I think I am going to build it in the near future because it is different when you are dealing with it hands on. Thanks for the reply.

[@samuelg3024]

Could you explain how this would work if the car was put in park?

[@Biomancer81]

At 5:17 you say the pistons rotate the camshaft, that isnt true, the cam shaft is what times the sequence of fuel, air, combustion, and exhaust. This is the Crank Shaft.

[@EngineeringMindset]

See video description for correction

[@ramziakziz9193]

Why the printable models have been removed ? 😞 not all the viewers live in the range of PCBWay

[@abhishekbardwaj9626]

Plzz, make video on crystal oscillators. Plzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

[@wongkingshun]

i still donot understnad the limited slip one, but i knew it have to do with clutch plate

[@CommonCentz]

Change brakes on rear wheel drive vehicle 2010 doge charger 3.5. Had it in the air and put in the drive. Driver wheel is spinning and passenger rear wasent spinning is that normal?

[@remyabisheq1066]

I have a doubt, not related to this.......when i connect a small dc mortor to a 9v battery............And it works properly. But what happens if i stop the propellor from rotating, letting the current flow(i guess).

[@wessamkh5142]

The pistons rotate the crankshaft not the camshaft