Air is intake from the bottom and the cooling system vents the hot air up top. Thats why it cool on the bottom and hot on top. As an IT guy, the Series cooling is top notch.
@GarrettMusic12 жыл бұрын
amazing, thanks for educating me on how it works
@nanfoodles2 жыл бұрын
@SR J No IT guy would say how it works unless it's fact. I know what I said to be a fact.
@MementoTurtle2 жыл бұрын
@SR J no one asked
@brandonmartin72602 жыл бұрын
I call cap ....
@GameChanger17182 жыл бұрын
@SR J u sound like a hater
@danielb38632 жыл бұрын
41 years old, owned dozens of consoles in my life, this is hands down the best built disc based system Ive ever owned. Microsoft hit a grand slam.
@gamereviewer26602 жыл бұрын
How do you know it’s the best built, did you throw it and test it? Or do you just think it’s the “best built”😂
@coke3782 жыл бұрын
@@gamereviewer2660 how about..E A D. 🤷♂️
@SnowBunnyMan2 жыл бұрын
It only takes one huge fail, "RROD" to realize it's time to make a change.
@ot95232 жыл бұрын
@@SnowBunnyMan lol that was on the 360 nearly 17 years ago it doesn’t happen anymore the ps5 has a bigger failure rate than the Xbox series x just look online half of them are broken
@avihs922 жыл бұрын
@@ot9523 I just wanted to say I think you caught that guy’s angle wrong. Pretty sure he meant that since then, Xbox has learned and stepped it up. Doesn’t sound at all like he was saying that RROD occurs or will occur on these new systems. I just think you misinterpreted his position
@ericcarlton872 жыл бұрын
It’s a very well built machine. Microsoft did a phenomenal job. Wall mount it the air flow will increase tremendously
@GarrettMusic12 жыл бұрын
thats awesome! thanks a lot
@turbofox19802 жыл бұрын
They did a horrible job with my series x lol. It’s always 60 degrees at the top and reboots every 30 minutes. I’ve gone back to my old one x. I do miss the prettier graphics tho 😢
@ml36772 жыл бұрын
@@GarrettMusic1 huh?
@trvplod2 жыл бұрын
@@turbofox1980 probably a defect one cus mine has been working perfectly since I’ve had it and I got mine when it first released
@Lovely_Toast2 жыл бұрын
@@turbofox1980 if its still under warranty then you can get a replacement
@nickc73202 жыл бұрын
Even after a year my Xbox is still quiet as day one
@frnaglfr52432 жыл бұрын
Yup. I got mine on release day and it's still silent
@jordanmorris29142 жыл бұрын
Same, it's a beast lol
@justdroppingby7383 Жыл бұрын
Do you clean it?
@nickc7320 Жыл бұрын
@@justdroppingby7383 not yet. I probably should but I'm also the type of person that doesn't like messing with stuff that aint broken
@fabianhwnd6265 Жыл бұрын
Same
@matthewhardwick82082 жыл бұрын
The heat rising and being pushed out at the top is really efficient cooling. They could potentially put more holes on the sides next to the rubber feet and where the Xbox logo is. The most important thing is that the split motherboards can't really bend/flex because they're protected by the centre chasis.
@GarrettMusic12 жыл бұрын
That's brilliant
@Tha_Devil2 жыл бұрын
Dose the series s have the same cooling as the series x
@ceaserknk66402 жыл бұрын
@@Tha_Devil no
@tay2xxs Жыл бұрын
@@ceaserknk6640 it does actually just doesn’t have many hoes as the series x
@Darth_Raider_ Жыл бұрын
I just might drill some holes, great idea 💡
@HumanSausage48 Жыл бұрын
Finished an 8 hour gaming session a few days ago and it ran and performed perfectly
@paganizonda5532 Жыл бұрын
8 hours not healthy bro
@HumanSausage48 Жыл бұрын
@@paganizonda5532 idgaf it was fun
@tanushjaison5972 Жыл бұрын
@@paganizonda5532but it is fun! 😂😅
@kemarchristie6050 Жыл бұрын
That only happens when i leave it overnight downloading games. From probably about 12-8🤷🏽♂️
@jmoriarty800011 ай бұрын
Dam how do you even play that long?
@davidlusby25872 жыл бұрын
I've played mine 13 hours straight and no issues at all....love mine
@GarrettMusic12 жыл бұрын
Excellent
@benjamintorres60492 жыл бұрын
Ohh dang lol
@armeniancrusader301 Жыл бұрын
How can you play for 13 hours straight ? I get tired after 3-4 hours of gaming.
@test_account939 Жыл бұрын
@@armeniancrusader301i get tired after 1-2 :(
@3katd Жыл бұрын
How can you play that long? I get tired of playing for 3 hours in my favorite games.
@2807Joe2 жыл бұрын
It's an amazing machine! I love the Series X!
@trashpanda30402 жыл бұрын
I luckily enough found 3 today at my local Walmart and I bought one. And I can say the console is amazing.
@GarrettMusic12 жыл бұрын
Awesome 😄 what games you getting
@trashpanda30402 жыл бұрын
@@GarrettMusic1 I'm gonna get assassin creed origins odyssey and valhalla. Now that they look even better and play way way better.
@GarrettMusic12 жыл бұрын
@@trashpanda3040 those are good games
@blackvetteface2 жыл бұрын
Same dude!
@dlcdaniel63082 жыл бұрын
@@trashpanda3040 bit late, but I'd suggest game pass if you don't have it! There's a whole section in game pass labeled "optimized for S|X" and it's got all the games they offer you that look absolutely amazing. I've got game pass ultimate, wich also comes with Xbox live and is only 5 more $ a month (15$ i think) than the regular pass.
@dretrunkslumpdrizzah2 жыл бұрын
All I can say is that I love 💚 my Series X.... Best console ever made so far 👌🏾
@costacaine Жыл бұрын
I love this Console. Tested it playing over 24h with many games like Forza 5, Elden Ring, Plagues Tale etc. Quiet, cooled on point, no hardware problems, games worked without any lags for hours
@TheWashout13 Жыл бұрын
I am a PS guy all day long but what I wouldn't give for the PS5 to look like this!! Such a nice looking design!! It looks so proper and it compliments things like a black TV, Switch dock, cable/tv box etc and it's basic look allows it to blend in while still having it's own unique design. Very impressed with how it looks and I hope PS5 will make a nicer looking Slim model that isn't a huge bulky embarrassment.
@HistoryandReviews Жыл бұрын
Mac Pro 2013 did it first
@TheWashout13 Жыл бұрын
@@adamastor207 I've owned every PS system except PS5 but sure someone I've never had any contact with has an opinion about what type of guy I am. Crazy world we live in these days especially because I never mentioned any racing games but God of War is better than any Gears of War game and last I checked Xbox didn't have Last of Us, Uncharted, Horizon Dawn or Spiderman just to name a few. Xbox has been milking Halo like an old cow that just wont quit. I guess this is my fault tho, one compliment to Xbox as a PS lover and 2 months later I get some Xbox loving nutjob babbling for god only knows what reason.
@adamastor207 Жыл бұрын
@@TheWashout13 yeah, you're an asshat.
@TheWashout13 Жыл бұрын
@@adamastor207 I don't know you well enough to know what you are but all I saw was a bunch of babbling to a comment that didn't need your uneducated opinion about what type of guy I am. But I do appreciate your last observational compliment, I am quite the asshat! Thanks for noticing!! :D
@webzentertainment2 жыл бұрын
When I got mine I noticed how quiet the fan is even when running demanding games. It’s more quiet than my freakin desktop fan lol.
@HistoryandReviews Жыл бұрын
Mac Pro 2013 did it first
@nickfox919 Жыл бұрын
@@HistoryandReviews thanks for the irrelevant information to make yourself look smart.
@HistoryandReviews Жыл бұрын
@@nickfox919 100% relevant your comment is not
@nickfox919 Жыл бұрын
@@HistoryandReviews 👏
@CallmeSins2 жыл бұрын
I used to freak out when I touched the top of my series x.. then I felt how cool the bottom part was and I felt a lot better.. at first I thought it was overheating.
@williewilson22505 ай бұрын
No heat from the top would be bad
@jamiecurnock29102 жыл бұрын
Fans on mine were going mental, opened it up, gave it a clean, it's like brand new now.
@Gorgutsforcongress5 ай бұрын
How'd you do that?
@jamiecurnock29105 ай бұрын
@@Gorgutsforcongress if you've had the series x a while it may make quite a difference.
@TheJeevo922 жыл бұрын
I've had the same experience. Very nicely cooled.
@donttwip2 жыл бұрын
Just got one and I’m downloading games it’s looks like a sexy ass consle
@SoulOfTech11 ай бұрын
Im not a huge fan of the Series X as a game catalog but my goodness is the hardware engineering top notch! Its such a simple idea but so well executed. Keeping a tunnel funnel design where air is just pulled from top to bottom in a semi hollow cube makes for such effective cooling.
@davidboswell94162 жыл бұрын
Have had mine for about 4 months and it's usually always on. It's still silent and cool degree wise as day one, this is easily the best system xbox has made to date
@wales2k4747 Жыл бұрын
As someone who owns both an Xbox Series X and a PlayStation 5, I have to say the Xbox Series X hardware-wise is much higher quality.
@thatguyoverthere96349 ай бұрын
I recently spent a week with a family member who has an Xbox series X and who's boyfriend has a PS5. Both have had them for about the same amount of time and the xbox sees more use on average. Both are almost exclusively used to play Call of Duty warzone. The PS5 has a serious dust ingress problem, the noise of the fan got so bad the side panels are essentially now permanently removed to improve airflow and so he can more easily spray air in the vents to clean them out. The Xbox has had no noise issues.
@8800handsomecurt6 ай бұрын
Much better and more dust resistant
@ghostghostbusters7892 жыл бұрын
They really did a good job with their design. It's kind of amazing to think that consoles up until now have all tried to force hot air sideways through the whole system lol
@williewilson22505 ай бұрын
The Xbox one did it out the top but didn't have a streamlined airflow
@emjaybyers75732 жыл бұрын
The privilege to play Xbox for 6 hours is greatly under-appreciated
@GarrettMusic12 жыл бұрын
I know right 😅
@emjaybyers75732 жыл бұрын
@@GarrettMusic1 I miss the days of binging games with my friends man!🤣
@g290002 жыл бұрын
@@emjaybyers7573 never too late
@DesertDingle Жыл бұрын
I’ve had mine since day one. Usually 10hrs or do a week, and it’s never broken a sweat. No complaints, 9/10
@TheCorne87 Жыл бұрын
I have the Series X and the Ps5 and the xbox has a big advantage when it comes to the cooling system and that it's so quiet compared to my Ps5!
@curtisdonnelly9523 Жыл бұрын
There's nothing better than an Xbox❤
@RazzRaptor414732 жыл бұрын
I love my Series X!
@Nna-kv9wd8 ай бұрын
Almost like an intake fan isn’t gonna blow hot air lmao
@m1garand164 Жыл бұрын
This is a champion of a system. A lot of intelligence and care went into its design. The Series X controller is one fine piece of hardware as well. The plastic is like made of some alien polymer or something. The thing must have bounced off my hard floor dozens of times and not a single scratch or mark or loose part. It feels high quality in my hands and the sticks break in like a catchers mitt. And the best part is the games are finally starting to roll out. ✊🏼
@MrBirchieBirch2 жыл бұрын
A truly great piece of product design.
@twnzs19652 жыл бұрын
The cable management 🤌
@KapinKrunch2 жыл бұрын
It's a great console I play it every day. I own a ps5 too and I play that here and there.
@ernestohernandez9370 Жыл бұрын
yeah I have both the ps5 and xbox series x I play the xbox series x there and there and the ps5 here and here 😃
@ArdaKirbas04 ай бұрын
My ps4 starts moaning after 5-10 minutes gameplay 💀
@blakemiller39632 жыл бұрын
They really learned form the 360 😂
@MP-bm1ev Жыл бұрын
What?
@kevinrodriguez9701 Жыл бұрын
An over billion dollar mistake teaches you a lot moving forward.
@DeeSee2518 күн бұрын
I will never forgive them for what they did smh.
@yordan8262 жыл бұрын
The Series X has amazing build quality is whisper quiet and barely heats up even after long playing sessions, I have both the Series X and the PS5 and even though my favorite is the PS5 I gotta give it to Microsoft, excellent job!!!
@careditlegends2 жыл бұрын
Yeah there shouldn’t be heat at the bottom because those vents pull air in and the top one blows it back out so however hot the top of it is it’s probably a little hotter on the inside
@GarrettMusic12 жыл бұрын
Ah perfect, good to know how it works
@chimpsadweeb10689 ай бұрын
I've recently got one and im very impressed and not heard a single noise from it and like you said no heat. I owned the xbox one sec since its release in 2016 and it has ran faultlessly for all these years i even had it stored under my bed for a few years while playing so you can imagine how hard the cooling system was working ahaha, only recently the hdmi port on the back of the xbox has broke away (hence the new xbox) but other then that 10/10
@morningstar74012 жыл бұрын
They built it so good I’m very impressed by mine
@nicolek57472 жыл бұрын
Mine cools great also. No game play issues either after several hours of game play. Hopefully I didn't jinx myself 😬
@leftctrlgaming2 жыл бұрын
Both console companies did a good job this time around on cooling.
@enam900010 ай бұрын
Best purchase I've ever made 😭
@n-o-i-d5 ай бұрын
Same for me, the thing is silent, cool and powerful. I'm happy with this purchase
@spadesofpaintstudios17192 жыл бұрын
I was in shock about how quiet it is reminds me of my one s
@tonymonxana99210 ай бұрын
Same with the series S good airflow. The intake is pretty cold. While the exhaust is hot.
@emmanuelechevarria98512 жыл бұрын
I have the system it's probably one of the best systems ever made that thought everything very careful so make sure they have no problem with this model
@Lurkartiist2 жыл бұрын
I have a series X .. I don't know much about cooking systems or anything .. but I do know I love this console 💯
@raptor17722 жыл бұрын
Xbox series x best console my friend😊😊😊
@Loganweems4547 ай бұрын
Mine was built July 15 2022. Had it since October of 2022. Just took the back plate off and cleaned it for the first time. Super impressed. Heat sync is massive. It runs as good as it did on day 1.
@DrDoritosRMLG2 жыл бұрын
As a playstation fan, I'm indeed, extremely jealous.
@thegamer-12 Жыл бұрын
Wasn't there an issue with PS5's overheating while vertical?? Or was i dreaming
@DrDoritosRMLG Жыл бұрын
@@thegamer-12 no it was a display ps5 at target/walmart that caught on fire or some shit I belive
@jmoriarty800011 ай бұрын
Haven’t even cleaned mine and it’s very quiet lol
@RealEyesRealizeReelLies5 ай бұрын
If your warranty is up, id suggest taking it apart and giving it a nice clean. A lot of lent gets trapped in that bottom left corner(?) after a while. And also clean the fins for the air cooler that trap dirt and lint as well. You'll probably have to get creative for something small enough to fit down there, yet still fit on a vacuum.
@JDabz9610 ай бұрын
I love my series x, 2 years later, and it still runs amazing
@Brootall139 ай бұрын
Just got one for Christmas. 🎄 Do you recommend standing it up like in this video ? Or should I put it horizontal?
@MidniteMeatBus9 ай бұрын
@@Brootall13I put mine horizontal always just because I look the look better, but I promise you people are wrong when saying its not ok to put them vertical. They are designed for both and it all comes down to preference.
@williewilson22505 ай бұрын
@@Brootall13vertical is better for cooling and dust prevention, but horizontal is what I do otherwise it wouldn't fit
@RetroGamingStories9 ай бұрын
These kind of videos are pretty useful for someone who is planning to buy this console. Cool video!!! 😃
@oooo11102 жыл бұрын
Amazingly built
@Bubbler_dagreat Жыл бұрын
Mine sounds like an airplane trying to install cod WWII
@alejandronorse292210 ай бұрын
As someone who rarely turns there Xbox off (I know it’s bad) my Xbox still sounds and runs as the day I bought it…had my series x for about a year now
@Kingattack76 Жыл бұрын
Played 14 hours of ARK and didn’t even make a noise😳😳
@horineesgaming73542 жыл бұрын
Since 360 I always used a fan aiming at my console, cause inwas scared it would burn, now I do the samenwith usb fan on my series x haha
@WaveForceful2 жыл бұрын
I'm pretty sure Microsoft learned from that mistake seeing the billion of dollars they lost because of it. I wouldn't worry about the series X's cooling, the top of the console is fan.
@vaguedreams2 жыл бұрын
That's a bit silly mate. XBox consoles have had cooling and fan noise on lockdown since the 360 redesign. You're just adding noise. Where do you have the usb fan blowing on your SX?
@SunsetAlgorithm7 ай бұрын
I've had mine since day one, clean it every 6 months. Still whisper quiet and works beautifully. I love PCs but just don't have the time and my extra resources go to other hobbies. Fantastic system, a pity where sales are
@makemsayugh2 жыл бұрын
Best console out period
@coreywixsom62787 ай бұрын
Just got mine a few months ago. Love it.
@tevin11852 жыл бұрын
It gets louder and hotter as time goes by and dust finds its way inside
@GarrettMusic12 жыл бұрын
That happens with most electronics, vim sure there's a way to clean it
@razor155932 жыл бұрын
@@GarrettMusic1 i n the back Xbox take cold fresh air in there always be cold hehe, thermal paste is trash for longer life and quite work i recommend change thermal paste for better quality.
@Jkarl742 жыл бұрын
Get a air duster and you can recharge it
@WaveForceful2 жыл бұрын
@@GarrettMusic1 Yeah, just get an electric air blower.
@jon-draco-cephus10 ай бұрын
I’m still rockin the OG Xbox one never had a problem a decade later still can’t hear the fan Microsoft went all out for cooling after the red eye 360 days
@JasonFolk072 жыл бұрын
My series s when I first got it I could hardly tell it was on lol things so dam silent
@powerman24425 ай бұрын
Everytime I see one I just think it looks like a cheap MacPro “trash can”. In theory it should work great… heat rises and the big fan on top pulls air from the bottom to top.
@bossbangatv54352 жыл бұрын
Xbox x Way better than ps5
@Dee-iy9uq Жыл бұрын
I’m thinking of trading mine in for the series X or at the very least sell it online for 420-430.
@Dee-iy9uq Жыл бұрын
@Ex21_ oh hell naw ☠️
@Dee-iy9uq Жыл бұрын
@Ex21_ I heard it can run graphics just as well as a PC if not better. Is that that also true?
@johnwayne4081 Жыл бұрын
@IMEX23 xbox series L sitting in last place globally nothing to cheer on demand better but I durss 30fps for all games is the standard for xbox 😂 lol
@paisan79_13 Жыл бұрын
My series x runs super hot after 1 hour of gameplay.
@nickmoore117710 ай бұрын
I'm getting Xbox series x this Christmas I can't wait
@abooodcreed88932 жыл бұрын
Xbox Series x 😍😍
@SiIIyBiIIy448 ай бұрын
PS5 turns into a heater after 20 minutes 💀
@vulcan4d6 ай бұрын
It honestly is the best designed console ever. Small and silent.
@Joewalter-x1k7 ай бұрын
Hot air rises and the shape of the series x creates a vacum upwards so the fan dosent have to do all the work that's one of the reasons why I chosen xbox over ps5 better design.
@ghostgauntlet27468 ай бұрын
my old playstation used to be so loud, now i play on an xbox series s, and i somehow never hear anything, even though the console is so small, it’s amazing
@Rdr2_Memories Жыл бұрын
The ps4 after 1second of gameplay: ✈️
@Darth_Raider_ Жыл бұрын
My series X is so quiet if it wasn't for me seeing the Xbox screen on my TV I wouldn't even know that it was on. Super quiet. Heat rises to the top naturally, so the way the series X was engineered is superb.
@gabrieljohnson18542 ай бұрын
My Series X sounds like A jet engine after over an hour of gameplay of COD 😭
@Clampdachamp6 ай бұрын
Me and my brother recently got 2 series s for christmas, i haven't had a single issue in the past few months ive had it
@Nightcore_all_night Жыл бұрын
Thinking about buying it now cuz it return to €500 from €525 im 15 yrs old and have enough to buy it and have good money left. Should i? I game on the one s now.
@albertalberto2288 Жыл бұрын
What keeps playstation alive is the exclusives, the xbox is killing it
@LJT93938 ай бұрын
Man these units are so extremely quiet it’s insane! I bought a aftermarket fan that clips on the top and has an auto feature so when it reaches a certain temp it turns on and helps suck the warm air out. Mine was getting really hot down the sides to about the midway point. After this fan was put on, it stays slightly warm and only like a quarter of the way down the sides. My PS5 on the other hand, that thing never even feels warm, anywhere. So the cooling system they got is incredible. But the size and shape of it is just so damn awkward. It also makes more noise than my series X. I got it for the Sony exclusives.
@jozzza205jtr9 Жыл бұрын
I been having my Xbox series x for more then a year now and no problems what so ever I love it super quiet.. I recently purchased a ps5 and the ps5 is more noise but they are both great
@AnthonyLemos-Rairie10 ай бұрын
Mine just recently started to have problems but that’s because I haven’t ever cleaned it
@Mikeboye6610 ай бұрын
Now imagine if they had dual fans, one on bottom for intake and top for exhaust. Seen a video of a guy that made a Series X emulator console and made a custom shell with an extra fan
@Lojalny10 ай бұрын
Perfect console using two years without problems very quiet just remember to clean ❤
@skilxrd1203 Жыл бұрын
Very true, recently got mine and no sound whatsoever. Feels great during loading screen when there is no sound to not be attacked by a whole plane engine like the one used to do.
@hatchetman3662 Жыл бұрын
You actually want the exhaust vent to be warm/hot when gaming. Means heat is being transferred out of the Xbox well. If it was cool after gaming for hours, I'd be worried. Also, the intake vents should be cool if the fan is working properly. That's where the cool air is coming in.
@TaeHoe-g7f4 ай бұрын
The dude doesn't know his physics. lmfaoo hot air rises cool air drops lmfaoo 🤣 😂 💀
@frutti_di_marius5 ай бұрын
Meanwhile the PS5 turns your living room into an airfield
@Stormtroopah-1310 ай бұрын
Xbox 360: Hey, I have good cooling! The cooling: 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥 and after that call the fire truck
@L.Vas19 ай бұрын
New title: Man finds out heat rises for the first time
@maineventkrunch2265 Жыл бұрын
This thing makes my entire bedroom hot as hell after a few hours.
@henryspace3198 Жыл бұрын
A great cooling system, even after long hours of gameplay.
@lukekoverman5699 Жыл бұрын
Bruh 6hrs? I used to never turn off my Xbox one and for weeks on end it ran fine I loved it no noise still runs good I’ve had it since release and it’s just a trooper.
@j.cesarbraga Жыл бұрын
That console is a engineering masterpiece. The hotter is the air being blown out, the cooler the device is working. The air inlets at the bottom should be way cooler than the top part because it is sucking a large amount of air into the heat sync and out the top.
@pedretejb2492Ай бұрын
Same thing happens with Series S. The fan gets quite warm when playing, but it doesn't make noise at all after playing The First Descendant for a while
@smogdanoff705318 күн бұрын
I play alot of Arma Reforger on mine, only needs an occasional burst to stay cool. Incredible console
@Thewammy Жыл бұрын
this is literally the most ATTRACTIVE console I’ve ever seen !!! This is the only upgrade my setup needs(and a few collectibles & figurines) !!!!!!
@NoxNoctisUmbra11 ай бұрын
The Xbox is really built well. I just got mine a few days ago and I was really surprised how quiet it is. I turn on my gaming PC and from the get go it's a jet.
@fataldragon692 жыл бұрын
There won't be any heat down the bottom of the console because that's where the clean fresh air is being sucked-in by the Large Fan at the top of the console which sucks out and blasts all the heat out the top !! They've done a great job with the air-flow / cooling design.....Sounds like yours is working as intended.....Just make sure to keep it and run it away from anything else with a decent bit of space around it as it NEEDS to breathe, it'll get hot but that's just what computers do, especially when they have the sort-of power that the Series-X has inside it !!
@Oob144 Жыл бұрын
I love how quiet my xbox series x is , whereas my PS5 still sounds like a jet taking off.
@SKULL0fD3ATH.7 ай бұрын
Lay it sideways and you'll have even less heat, not really supposed to stand them vertical unless you have the stand because there is a extra vent to help air pass through
@slowentropy453110 ай бұрын
Yeah I've played 14hrs in summer here and it is quiet and is just such fantastic console for the $$. So quick to load and just really a pleasure to own.
@supernova7799 Жыл бұрын
1st month reslesed system, I was incredibly lucky to get one through the RBC bank game stop partnership. It's a fantastic system and never had problems. Don't regret paying the couple hundred extra over the loan period.