Æthelflæd, Ingimundr & the Battle of Chester (907)

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[@HistoryTime]

- Watch my latest history documentary here:- kzbin.info/www/bejne/mWSrommLlquEp80 I did have a really nice surprise lined up for today's video, but due to an unforeseen nightmare with my editing software that will have to wait. Luckily I had this backup video waiting in the wings. Please like, subscribe and comment if you enjoyed it and let me know what you'd like to see covered in the future!

[@jjtay97able]

Thank you for your uploads love these videos so much

[@khankrum1]

It is more than likely Aethelstan learned his Warcraft from Aethelflaed, and probably fought along side her. Aethelflaed stands as an integral part of the Triumvirate , Alfred and Aethelstan, that created England as we know it.

[@markuhler2664]

This is a back-up? Can't wait to see the intended video!

[@jamesv.7041]

The timing of this doesn't have to do anything with our friend Cornwell, does it?

[@zoetropo1]

History Time: Love Æthelflæd! (As an anachronistic friend.)

[@vaughnblaylock6069]

It is also important to remember that there is no record of Athelred abusing Aethelflaed, as portrayed in The Last Kingdom. Quite the contrary, they appear to have ruled quite peacefully together. Aethelred was a dedicated ally of Alfred his whole life, and this would have been difficult had he been abusive to Aethelflaed. As a direct descendant, I am duty bound to defend him.

[@neilpiper9889]

Aethelfled is buried in Gloucester near where I live.. I go there sometimes to pay silent homage. She is being sung now. Not unsung anymore.

[@MyRobertgrant]

There is a statue to her in Tamworth

[@alexandrasmith8868]

Watching The Last Kingdom and reading the books have brought her to my attention. I was brought up in the Vale of Evesham and knew the cathedrals in the area, but never heard anything about her.

[@PozoBlue]

I hope you one day make a whole series about Aethlelflaed. I only discoverer her thanks to The Last Kingdom show and initially thought they were doing some tv pandering making her up or her exploits up. But I've started reading everything I can find on her and I am just shocked her story and amazing deeds into literally making England have all but been erased. We should have movies, books and TV series about her and teaching about her in school. One of the greastest rulers and uniters and we barely knew she existed. Astonishing.

[@ericbrown1101]

I'd argue she was the most important female figure in English history. The scale of the events she was directly involved in blows my mind. She, her father, her brother, and her nephew created England. Let that sink in for a second. Find me a woman who had her fingerprints on a more important time in history. Just incredible. Everyone should know her name.

[@alexsaavedra644]

More please! Can not simply get enough of early Saxon, Viking, Celtic history! The lands of Britain and Ireland are full of such rich stories that must be preserved and never forgotten !! Additionally your narration has a rhythmic and soothing tone !

[@zoetropo1]

Alex Saavedra: I’ve got some old stories in various branches of my own family that I’m “discovering” courtesy of those tireless bards and scribes of times past and present. The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain has some gems and is quite specific about locations. One of my ancestral families is the Tweeds of Cheveley, Cambridgeshire, who were traced by parish records to Essex in the early 1400s. The ODFNB tracks them back as far as Domesday Book and before that in Normandy near Rouen - yet they identify as Britons (specifically Welsh), not Normans, and their surname occurs now and again in records in the form Twyd which is Welsh. Their places of residence suggest that they were Bretons in the employ of Count Alan Rufus, William the Conqueror’s Breton kinsman and knight commander. Alan’s family originated in Vannes, the Welsh-speaking part of Brittany, but Alan had two churches in central Rouen and a forestry and farming settlement named Richemont near the duchy’s eastern border.

[@zoetropo1]

Alex Saavedra: I guess you’re of Spanish descent. In the late Roman era, large numbers of Britons settled in two places in Spain: (1) the Diocese of Britonia in Galicia; (2) the Basque Country of Navarre. The latter is particularly striking genetically, because the L21 Y-chromosome is very common there. It cannot be a mere coincidence that the medieval ruling family of Navarre was surnamed Albret and Labrit - admittedly their first known seat of power was further north in Gascony. Alan Rufus’s half-sister whom he brought to England married Enisant (Enisandus) Musard, who has a very Occitan given name and a surname occurring from Bordeaux south and east. One of their daughters was named Garsiena, so I suppose that honoured Enisant’s mother. (Two other daughters were Emma and Adeline, names from Alan’s family.)

[@juanfranciscocosta5387]

Everything's the same on our familie's stories and histories' man, I swear on Don Alipio Arroyo. We should throw a party or smth. Lol

[@MyRobertgrant]

Yes , England , and Britain , has a very rich history .

[@MyRobertgrant]

@@zoetropo1 Pity we don't use them anymore. The Poles for e.g. still use many old Slavic names . Let's resurrect our old Saxon names .

[@Silvanafromchester]

Thank you from the bottom of my heart. I consider my self a Cestrian though I now live in Canada. I love every word of British history but lament the fact that my old home town in the north of England usually gets only a passing mention when it was in fact a wealthy city of great importance throughout the story of England. A city worth visiting and sadly missed by me for its wealth of stories and ancient architecture .

[@zoetropo1]

I cannot help noticing that for centuries Northumbria was allied with Cumbria, Mercia with Wales, and Wessex with Brittany, in each case an Anglo-Saxon polity with a Celtic neighbour. This merits explanation.

[@maximhornby5493]

Poor lonely cornwall

[@gabrielalejandrodoldan4722]

​@@maximhornby5493 Es como la parte de atrás, casi olvidada por muchos

[@FunkmeisterOfSedgley]

Another great video. The battle of Tettenhall is a long forgotten,but very important turning point in the making of England. I believe that the Norse were travelling between the rivers Severn and Trent when their vanguard was set upon by the Saxons at Woden's field (Wednesfield), then the major battle happened just north of modern Wolverhampton at Tettenhall. I knew none of this until a few years ago(thanks BBC History), but I'd played cricket for Wolverhampton in Tettenhall for years. The address of the cricket club is Danescourt Road. This can't be a coincidence.

[@RBYU001]

Was never really interested in this period of history until I started watching the Vikings and especially The Last Kingdom. And now I can’t get enough of it. This whole time period of England is so fascinating to me! Love it! History Time does a great job!

[@1966bluemax]

Randy Morehouse almost reminds me of lord of the rings

[@risksikrikak903]

I am an inuvaluit(eskimo)born and raised in the mackenzie river delta area in northern canada and british history has fascinated even me for the past 50 years and I just turned 60.Absolutely fascinating

[@Mandosami]

@@1966bluemax it should. JRR Tolkien was a professor in Anglo Saxon history. His motivation behind the creation of Middle Earth was to reignite a passion foe English history. e.g the Land Rohan and it's people are a fantasy experiment of who the Anglo Saxons might have become without Norman interference

[@jturtle5318]

The Vikings series uses many real characters, but the storyline is is fictional. Ragnar Sigurdsson was born in 765 and is my 35th great-grandfather. Rollo Ragnvaldsson was born in 860 and is my 32nd GGF. The show presents them as brothers, and they weren't related. That said, I enjoyed the show very much.

[@jturtle5318]

@@Mandosami he used several cultures and traditions. Gandolf Earl of Elfhelm was Norwegian.

[@vaughnblaylock6069]

Aethelfled is an underappreciated hero of history.

[@Mark28644]

This incredible lady deserves the title "The Great" like her father Alfred The Great. Her achievements are somewhat criminally overlooked, particularly by the Anglo-Saxons Chronicles, which are so bias to the West Saxon's of Wessex. Thank goodness for other contemporary Irish sources. Which give justice to Aethelflead Lady of The Mercians & Queen of the Saxons. I salute her eternal & glorious memory!!

[@IRex-wm9pd]

So a warrior queen emerges upon the death of her husband the king and fights back the foreigners who invaded their land and broke an agreement with them. Sounds almost Boudician... Would love to see some films made about some of these people and events in this underrepresented time period. Seems like SO much great material to work with. Especially Æthelflæd. Who doesnt like an ancient warrior queen...

[@dakotablue52]

Agreed. I am interested in the under reporting of warrior queens and the many women who fought as placeholders for their son’s rightful inheritance or claimants to their thrones/kingdoms in Britain.

[@zoetropo1]

dana-zoe gest: There are so many women military commanders! Just selecting from high and late medieval Western Europe, there are Elizabeth de Montfort, Matilda of Canossa, Empress Maud, Black Agnes, Jeanne de Belleville, and many more.

[@zoetropo1]

I. Rex: there’s a tendency to report Æthelflæd as “Lady of Mercia” by right of marriage to Ealdorman Æthelred,but in fact she was matrilineally of the royal family of Mercia, and that mattered there, whatever the rulers of Wessex thought. It was her daughter Ælfwynn who was rightful heiress of Mercia but uncle Edward the Elder usurped her.

[@keithbrack6843]

Try watching The Last Kingdom

[@WaydeRobson]

What Keith said! I just finished season 3 of Last Kingdom and Æthelflæd is a main character. Although so far, she's only been the object of a couple of rescues, her character is being developed as a strong leader. Since the story so far hasn't reached 911 where Æthelflæd takes over she hasn't reached her full historic potential, but there are signs she's going to do great things in future seasons of the show. I am wondering if her notable absence in the Anglo-Saxon chronicle has to do with some bad blood that might erupt between her and her brother Edward. Maybe that's why she died "suddenly" in 918. It does seem suspicious that Æthelflæd dies and Mercia is annexed by Wessex.

[@growlermeow1]

In the Irish Annuls it says Ingimundr met with Æthelflead, There is one possible meeting place in Chester St Johns church which might make sense as there are a collection of Anglo Saxon wheel headed Crosses with scandavian influence inside 7 in total dating to 10c, also there's was a quarry 10c a stone mason school, just below Church adjacent to the groves where scandavian dwelt alongside river Dee. Chester has a huge Viking influence, several large hoard found largest is Castle Esplanade hoard, Viking church decicated to St Olave built around 1050 on lower bridge Street, Viking Street names - crook St and St Olav street. Viking field names in area.Also all around Chester an abundance of Viking finds including Huxley hoard.

[@margaretdavies5423]

I was born and brought up in the Wirral in Cheshire. Delighted to find such a comprehensive record of Mercia's Queen Aethelflaeda of Chester and Ingamunda King of the Irish Vikings. My DNA is proof of the Irish Viking/ Anglo Saxon occupation. I have connections to both as well as Roman and Welsh!! Many thanks!

[@margaretdavies7732]

Really weird to read this, as it could have been written by me - same name, born & brought up in the wirral etc. & it seems with similar interests. Have you read the book 'Ingimund's Saga, Norwegian Wirral'? It's one of the few which mention the battle of Bromborough, which is where I grew up.

[@gaslitworldf.melissab2897]

Do you find yourself conflicted within yourself? Lol. This is amazing, but I can't keep it all straight and I majored in history. You really have to stay with a topic to really master it though.

[@zoetropo1]

Alfred’s name occurs repeatedly in documents in Brittany, over a period of several decades, before his reign. Alfred as king decreed that Bretons were most welcome in Wessex. So I wonder if there’s some important missing history there?

[@BigMrFirebird]

@Urien Rheged The Anglians appeared to have settled in the north eastern area of the Coritani relatively lately and sparingly, if place names in S. Yorks and limited archaeology are anything to go by. Which suggests that they were able to co-exist, to a degree.

[@BigMrFirebird]

A compelling point. Perhaps he sought to use them for learned scholars when he wanted to expand learning in his realm?

[@BigMrFirebird]

@Urien Rheged "King Arthur's Wars" by Jim Storr, should help in understanding it and many others. Very convincing :)

[@Alwuwa]

Chester is rich with so much history, but not so many records! One of three roman superforts, it fell into disrepair until Aethelflaed, and later William the Conquerer. But seeing a video on a segment of Chester's history as a central location in England makes me happier!

[@AlannahRyane]

Awesommme! One of my faves now. You had me at Aethelflaed!

[@HistoryTime]

She was awesome.

[@SolidRollin]

I thoroughly enjoyed the video and appreciate the work that goes into these. Cheers.

[@HistoryTime]

Thanks for watching! glad you like it

[@coyotemojo]

I was halfway through season 2 of the Last Kingdom when I remembered this video and had to watch it again.

[@melindadouglas1673]

I LOVE the Last Kingdom! So well done!

[@matteofumagalli3918]

thanks man is always nice to see a video about anglosaxon england! i come to love this historical period thanks to the bernard cornwell books about uthred of bebbanburg ;)

[@HistoryTime]

Glad you like it! I'm currently reading the latest Uhtred book War of the Wolf. So good.

[@matteofumagalli3918]

Lucky you !! i have to wait till christmas for the last :(

[@HistoryTime]

It'll be worth the wait!

[@margaretdavies5423]

The North West defied the Normans and as a consequence were ruthlessly slaughtered and the Counties reduced to a burnt out wasteland.

[@shurik121]

Bernard Cornwell deserves a lot of praise for deciding to cover this historical period. Sure, he invents a lot of stuff, particularly in later books, but only after reading his books I became aware of the lesser known parts of the history of the creation of England. Cornwell is probably my favorite historical fiction writer.

[@hazeluzzell]

I live right in the middle of Ingimundr’s settlement area. Lots of Scandinavian place names round here. I’ve seen what’s left of the Cuerdale hoard.

[@evbb]

Your channel is amazing, I cannot begin to explain how happy I am that I found it. As someone who goes out of their way to investigate claims they hear in documentaries and literature, I truly appreciate that you've taken it upon yourself to do this homework and document it for everyone to enjoy. The artwork and visual evidence is especially great, and your attention to detail, regardless of how minute, is top notch. You likely have a long time subscriber on your hands out of me. Watched a dozen or so far, and I'm pretty hooked. Keep up the tremendous work!

[@ValensBellator]

Aethelflaed always amazed me in becoming a Queen among Mercians in this era, especially given there were powerful male alternatives available (like her brother Edward). She must have had some serious charisma and wit to pull it off!

[@ThisisBarris]

Great video as always my friend! As a French, I snob, of course, English history but I make an exception for you. I don't think it's the theme of your channel, but what could be interesting is a short video on how English lost "ae" (since it seems to be a common letter in these ancient names) and what replaced it. Cheers

[@HistoryTime]

Nice idea for a video! May have to do a short video on it!

[@ThisisBarris]

Looking forward to it then. Thanks!

[@HistoryTime]

I've been toying with the idea of doing some shorter videos on a particular theme, rather than my usual narrative ones. This could be a nice subject to start with...

[@ThisisBarris]

@@HistoryTime I think that's a good idea - it allows you to put out more content that doesn't take as much time as well as talking about important but smaller topics.

[@frazerward367]

I think that would be very interesting also

[@royalhero4608]

I really like the mysterious music you've put in at several points, really fits the period of history. Excellent video as usual mate!

[@DC-if7jx]

I both find this possibly my favourite time of England and I live in Chester so this is such an Interesting video

[@SNP-1999]

Wonderful video documentary ! Why doesn't it surprise me that the great deeds of a female warrior, Aethelflaed, wasn't recorded in the annals of the times ? Who did the recording ?....monks ! Most "holy" men of those times (and not only then) were so biased against woman generally, and women rulers in particular, that they invariably got either a very bad press....or weren't mentioned at all - or if we are lucky, are only mentioned fleetingly, as a side line. As an expat Englishman living near Hamburg, Germany, in the former Danish province of Schleswig- Holstein, it has always interested me that so many place names in this region have endings of " -by " and " -Holm ", depicting their Danish roots. In the north of the province there is still today the region called " Angeln", from where our forefathers the Angles came from. Thank you for bringing this little known episode of our history back into our minds. ❤

[@PozoBlue]

It was the Anglo Saxon chronicles, recorded in Wessex in Edward's court, which mostly ignore her or mention her briefly, not apparently wanting to be overshadowed by his sister. It is only thanks to the chronicles of other kingdoms, including her rivals, like welsh and irish annals, and the mercian register, that her story was preserved. It is quite telling that welsh and irish chronicles would speak with such admiration of a ruler from another kingdom, like they did of her, even one saying she put the 'fear into edward's enemies' lol and both call her a 'queen' not just 'lady of mercia'. Her death is recorded by them as 'famosissima regina Saxonum' while edward and alfred's death aren't mentioned. That means she must have been quite famous in her time and now we barely know of her. She must have been quite an astonishing woman to have been a renowned and feared queen/female ruler in THOSE times by even her enemies. Gosh, I'd like to have a traveling machine just to see that!

[@SuperBartles]

Music's doing my head in - too relentless! Fascinating stuff otherwise, could listen to this kind of thing all day

[@mikegriffiths3440]

Awsome! A shout out to my home town of Irby, farm of the Irish undoubtedly responsible for my love of the Vikings. Great pod cast history time

[@terrialdrich9477]

Your presentations are absolutely brilliant. I really enjoy the videos, and your voice. The stories are amazing. TY! 😊

[@minisam1988]

Wow i have to say i read the Uhtred books, Saxon Stories and this battle is in them, bee hives are used in a battle but cant remember if its that one or another. Amazing video, keep it up man i personally cant get enough.

[@ReggieRay4G63]

These are great! Thank you for taking the time to educate us, subscribed!

[@tomaszprzyby784]

Lady of the Mercians! Warrior queen!

[@HistoryTime]

Hail Mercia!

[@Master-vv4gn]

It is good that the Last Kingdom is giving her some justice.

[@pumbar]

@@Master-vv4gn She was hardly a 'warrior'.

[@zoetropo1]

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle mentions Brian of Brittany, but not his much more famous brother Alan Rufus, hero of Hastings to the Normans, defender of liberty to the English, source of wealth to the Dutch, and most awesome knight to the French. Nor does it mention their youngest brother Stephen of Landregor, who opened the first English Parliament in 1089.

[@zoetropo1]

Æthelflæd’s maternal line was of the royal family of Mercia. Her daughter Ælfwynn was designated her heir, but brother Edward deposed her to merge Wessex and Mercia. However, Edward’s intended heir Ælfweard didn’t live long enough to be crowned; instead, Æthelstan, who was brought up in Æthelflæd’s court because of disagreement with Edward, was. Touché!

[@WORKERS.DREADNOUGHT]

You just said Aethelflaed was the husband to Aethelred.Metaphorically.

[@dannyalex5866]

Post roman era,early dark ages Britannia videos please....Dumnonia!!Powys,Gwent!!!

[@zoetropo1]

Danny Alex: to do that properly, it’s necessary to include Pictland, Strathclyde, Ireland and Brittany as well as Gaul and Spain. British kingdoms weren’t confined to southern insular Britain. For example, the Basque Country strongly reflects the British aspect of its history in its DNA.

[@dannyalex5866]

@@zoetropo1 so he must include what you said...+ he said a while back to stay tuned cause he has something...

[@onlineenglish7065]

Zoe Porphyrogenita eh? Basque British DNA? Are you sure? Please tell more! Any links?

[@olivercatherall3715]

Amazing video! Thank you for creating this. Loved hearing more about Merseyside and our Scandinavian roots! :)

[@melindadouglas1673]

I am an American but my family originated in England and Scotland. I’m fascinated with British history. I think they lived in what was East Anglia on the coast. When we did the genealogy test the results were mainly Northern European, including France and Germany but 6% Scandinavian. So these are my people! My state of Kentucky was mainly settled by the Scotch and Irish. That’s why we make bourbon and have horse racing. Bluegrass music is tied to the music of Scotland and Ireland. Lots of similarities!

[@chrisramirez2035]

I am finding obscure medieval history is just as enthralling as well known events . three cheers to our LADY of the SAXONS , a stout lass of exceptional martial abilities. please bring us more good sir ,cr.

[@zoetropo1]

chris ramirez: Mercians were Angles, a different tribe.

[@hugo4smith5]

I think this era of England is my favorite. If you gave more insight into 900s-1066 in a video that would be awesome.

[@Caesar_1415]

Love these videos thank you so much!!

[@UnessasryGestures]

I come from the Wirral I live there, it's good to know that something intresting took place here once upon a time...LOL. There is alot of viking history here I'm intrested in finding out more after seeing this documentary . "Thanks for posting this documentary".

[@ld8483]

I live in Liverpool and my family are real mixed history. Doing ancestry and of course lots Irish , from pretty much every part especially cork and west cork , Wexford , then mayo then Galway ,then Dublin etc . Lots of ancestry going back to clipstowe etc around Nottingham and few other places were vickings battles were . Ancestors dating back to edington were king Alfred fought which I've just found . Ancestors who lived in Chester and Lancashire in Lots of different areas and Lots in Wiltshire . Scottish ancestors too and some lived in Wales north though that doesn't show in DNA . My DNA shows Swedish ,Irish , Scottish and tiny percent English northwestern but all my close family have Swedish and Norwegian so guessing Norwegian is there but just not showing as it's random . I'm 37 but so interested.wish my dad was around as he read the books first kingdom .He never knew all this history and ancestry he would have loved to know .A lot of names I'm pulling up are of what we would call names from Nordic countries . We are bombarded in school with Tudors etc and not enough of this history .

[@rogermoore6102]

Great historic storytelling ..that could have been lost in the annals of time. Thank you so much .

[@mikenaughton4298]

Excellent video. Really enjoyable. History comes to life. Thanks!

[@imperator7828]

Subbed for the byzantine/roman history ,ended up also loving the Anglo Saxon one.Great work

[@davidshuttleworth3833]

love these. learnt so much. thank you.

[@NR-rv8rz]

Great video. Thanks I really enjoy them and learn a lot too.

[@vikingodin1986]

Sitting hear reading the latest Saxon stories book then this pops up..brill

[@HistoryTime]

I'm reading it too. So far so good!

[@vikingodin1986]

@@HistoryTime yup page 171 can't put it down....the video is excellent👌

[@HistoryTime]

Glad you like the video!

[@flamencoprof]

As a New Zealander of British descent, I find this history fascinating. My paternal surname is from way South, around Poole, but my ears pricked up when Preston was referenced in the description of the Viking occupation by Ingimundr, as that is where my maternal Grandfather came from. However, my mother believed he was of Welsh descent through his mother's family, and gave me and my brother Welsh names. However again, it was told to me he was an illegitimate child brought up by his mother's older married sister, and his mother was a servant of the local gentry, impregnated by someone at the "big house". More probably the butler than the Lord, I guess! It is little nuances like this that get lost in the big sweep of history.

[@davidmckenna5751]

Love the history of our Saxon ancestors and there names

[@TheRainblossoms]

Awesome work. This is brilliant information.

[@OllieEvansartist]

Dude! it’s Ollie, Moins cousin from friday, tbf had already seen your channel man! bravo!

[@HistoryTime]

Hey man! How was the rest of your night? Crazy that you'd already heard of the channel!

[@OllieEvansartist]

History Time Got a bit messy, ended up in A jazz bar with loads of people (including long haired Ozzy Sean) then hopped in a cab to Vauxhall to some house party thing, mental! didn’t get in til about 10 the next day 😅

[@UpcycleElectronics]

The story of and info gleaned from the Cuerdale Hoard sounds really interesting. Any references? (preferably with a visual or secondarily an audio bias?) I generally read more technical stuff related to other interests until I get kinda burned out. I should diversify my reading, I know, but I keep putting it off until we invent a longer than 24 hour day or find a remedy for humanity's 1/3-ish of our day sleeping disorder ;) Thanks for the upload Pete. Nice to see a well monetized upload from you too. Keep 'em coming. -Jake

[@HistoryTime]

Hey Jake! Thanks for the comment. Where are you based? If you are in the UK you can see the Cuerdale Hoard on display in all its glory at the British Museum in London. If not, there should be a fair bit of information on it online. It's also covered in various books on the Viking age in England. Viking Age England by J.D Richards being one.

[@UpcycleElectronics]

@@HistoryTime I'm just south of Los Angeles California, so a long way from a long way away. Maybe one day I'll get the chance to visit London and check it out myself. We don't really have the Middle Age historical connection here, but I did catch a spectacular SpaceX Falcon 9 twilight launch and landing from my roof last night, so I guess it's not all that bad living here ;) Thanks for the book reference. -Jake

[@frankfischer1281]

You, sir, are doing excellent work…

[@dentonstalesofthevikingage8945]

A remarkable woman, who did more than any of the men of the time. Even her father had given the Danes most of England to save his own kingdom rather than continue fighting, but she attacked instead.

[@bellelise.]

Great job! Thanks so much!

[@maliivan1993]

Another excellent video thanks a lot HT!

[@HistoryTime]

Thanks for watching!

[@JustinSharp93]

Nice!! As always great work

[@HistoryTime]

Thanks glad you like it!

[@miscleaf]

Love that you don't just look at the surviving texts, but also put them in their political & historic context

[@paladinbob1236]

A clear and precise account of the times , for which I thank you [bows] with some excellent maps and explaination/soundtrack...[winks] a sub you have gained here [bows again this time in homage] :P

[@blzbob7936]

I live near the Cueredale Hoard spot and have been trying to figure out who might have left it there, and why. Your clear descriptions and maps have convinced me of what I had already thought - Ingamundr. (There are a few different spellings). I did a piece to camera on this spot, which explains why I think it was buried there. Not going to reveal it just yet, but you have convinced me I am right. Thanks for sharing your knowledge, I take my hat off to you sir!

[@MerkurioBua]

this channel is my History Teacher :)

[@FiveLiver]

A useful addition to my knowledge of the period.

[@HistoryTime]

Excellent. Glad you like it.

[@FiveLiver]

Good presentations, informative, I intend to watch all of your previous videos.

[@HistoryTime]

Let me know what you think! The quality goes downhill the further back you go....

[@tukaruss8680]

Amazing documentary well spoken

[@peterallman8474]

I disagree. Voice ok, but emphasis and delivery awful.

[@ahmedbassam400]

Great video. I have a major question. Will you (eventually) make videos about the wars of the roses?

[@tapere7277]

Very welcome video for this period which does a good job of explaining that the ASC is a Wessex focused artifact. Just one pedantic point - the old english letter "ash" formed from an "a" and an "e" was most likely pronounced (according to the Old English academic books I have read) as the "a" in (modern English) cat, not as an "e" as you most often do. Its a common mistake, for example The Last Kingdom and Vikings consistently get it wrong. So it's not "Ethelred", or Ethelflad", its "Athelred" or "Athelflad". A small point but it drives me crazy. But thanks for a fine video.

[@krokkheretikus9083]

Addicted to this channel

[@muffin6369]

So good, Pete.

[@chrislawley6801]

One thing to say,, You use the word Viking which at this time after the Viking raids Maybe you could use the names Danes and Norse as by this time as in Dane Law from either the estuary of the River Dee or Mersey

[@johnphillips4708]

Another great video 👍

[@HistoryTime]

Thanks for watching!

[@GeoffsSousChef]

hi, lovvve your work what is the source of the imagery @ 7:42 and again @ 8:02 ??????? looks way cool

[@sheepdog1102]

Great video!

[@dsala2614]

WOULD LIKE TO SEE SOME HISTORY OF THE BALTS...

[@xghxst1553]

Love the videos!!

[@HistoryTime]

Thanks for watching! Glad you enjoy them!

[@irenejohnston6802]

Thank you. My favourite account. Related to my area. Lots of Scandi names on R Mersey which means boundary river. eg. Litherland something like Hlidr Smoothland. ✨️

[@alanparsonsmuffin]

You’re grand, thank you.

[@annamosier1950]

very good work

[@aurochs92]

Could you make a video , about the northern crusade ?

[@HistoryTime]

Yes, yes oh yes oh yes oh yes. You may have noticed crusades history is another of my passions. So I am very keen to combine Northern Europe with Crusades! I'll do a lengthy series on it eventually.

[@calgacusofcaledonia]

The old “spare video” maneuver...Nice save 👍...um...way back there in 2018.

[@levitatingoctahedron922]

>as well as most documents from the middle ages, it is above all else a piece of political writing that never changed. there's loads of questionable history about nearly every war the US has been involved in, and I've witnessed the media lie about multiple things and then that's what ends up on wikipedia or whatever.

[@chrislawley6801]

I was born and Live in Chester. Thank you so much. Much of Chester's history of this time is ignored. From The Synod of Chester the First Battle of Chester 603ish to 2nd Battle of Chester you are talking of with the Mercians, This as you suggest with The Mercians loosing influence and power to the power of Wessex and Kent. Would like to hear more from you and even discuss this time with you of lost history of the kingdoms after the Romans to the thugs of the Norman conquest

[@Charlie.a]

Thank you

[@yourfriendlyneighborhoodin994]

I find it kind of bizarre how the West Saxon chronicles leave Aethelflaed out so often. Like, yes, she was the lady of the mercians because of her marriage, but she was also Alfred's daughter. Since the Anglo-Saxon chronicles are partly propaganda by the house of Wessex, what would be better propaganda than that the once mighty kingdom of Mercia needed a woman, the daughter of the great king Alfred, to save them? They could have written about how the mercians would have been crushed without her, about how she learned all of this from her father, about how the house of Wessex is therefore clearly superb to everyone else. Missed opportunity if you ask me...

[@charlesbarnett2724]

Very good..thank you.

[@nonozebra4196]

The last kingdom and The Vikings, are good sources of this historical era

[@ivymoon1779]

The Vikings not so much. They crammed decades of history into one story. It was a good series but The Last Kingdom sticks to history of the time for the most part

[@BigMrFirebird]

Inspiration yes. Sources, not so much, especially Vikings.

[@franciscomm7675]

In the last kingdom, ethelred lord of the mercians is portrayed as a pathetic and cruel ruler. The real ethelred lord of the mercians was by all accounts a decent ruler and he, alongside his wife, oversaw a period of Mercian revival

[@PozoBlue]

@@ivymoon1779 The last kingdom is mostly made up stuff. Most of Uthred is made up. Most of Aethelflaed is made up (she never got abducted by vikings, never had a bad marriage with her husband as they co-ruled quite effectively while he was alive, aelfwynn wasn't an ignoramus as portrayed instead she was educated intensely by her to succeed her; edward never took York like in the show or ever, in fact york submitted to her but she never made it in time before she died; most of her time as ruler is essentially erased/fast forwarded in the last season and she dies shortly after the start of the last season on the show; the only thing they do show correctly is her exploits in the 1 or 2 battles they show on TLK and that mercians elected her as ruler after her husbands death). I do credit the show for bringing her to attention to modern audiences though and the great acting.

[@kevingee4294]

Terrific video as usual. This year is the 1111th anniversary!!!!!!

[@cubicinches18]

Is the Nico ditch which runs east west through parts of Manchester, the border of Mercia and does the name Mersey river refer also to Mercia???

[@flamebird2218]

The auto-generated subtitles confused the 860s for the 1860s. It forgot that the American Civil War wouldn't occur for another 1000 years.

[@ronaldderooij1774]

Very well done. Subscribed. This is going to be a very big history channel. I am very sorry that in my country (the Netherlands) we know very little details of these times. Much is known in Roman times in Roman territory. But after the Romans left, there is a huge gap until the 1200's, spanning a Thousand years of which we know very little.

[@deanbuss1678]

Is Athealfled's ( Lady of the Mercian's ) lack of recognition due, in part, because of sexism ? Great episode by the way.

[@snkline]

It was probably more due to political concerns: Mercia would be subsumed into Wessex after her death. Putting too much emphasis on her could have been felt to encourage Mercian separatism. On the other hand, Mercia had a tradition of fairly strong queens, not necessarily ruling instead of kings, but exercising royal authority alongside the king, while Wessex did not, so Wessex sexual mores may have played a role.

[@deanbuss1678]

@@snkline thanks for the information.

[@zoetropo1]

snkline: each Queen of Mercia was the daughter of the previous Queen (and King), so it was matrilineal, despite what some say. To become king of Mercia, a man had to marry the Queen of Mercia. Edward the Elder disregarded that and seized the throne of Mercia from his niece Ælfwynn.

[@73North265]

Zoe Porphyrogenita this is demonstrably untrue as any simple check on the records would show. Let us take the two most famous Mercian Kings for example: Penda succeeded by his son Peada, Offa succeeded by his son Ecgfrith. Not sure why you are peddling this utter nonsense when it is so easily disproven. (Oh and another correction from a different thread - Empress Maud was not a military commander at all - her General was Robert Fitzroy her half brother. When he was captured she basically had to give up all the gains her side had made in the civil war, including the captured king Stephen, as no one else had the same authority to lead her supporters).

[@RBYU001]

Haven’t finished season 4 of the Last Kingdom yet but if I get to see Mercians throwing beehives down on Vikings at any point, I can die a happy man!! 👍 great job!!

[@vineethdhuplae2432]

I'm here after "The Last Kingdom" episode,after she became queen.

[@andybeans5790]

Those silver pieces are so pretty. My extended family are from Liverpool, and my mum's family were originally Manx, who're said to carry a lot of Norse genes

[@Piperdogloveshats]

Thanks for this video! Not to sound like a total chick but I love reading and learning about great women from medieval Europe. Eleanor of Aquitaine is my favorite person to read about! I would love to a video involving her. I mean there's so many angles . Queen to the French King, then the English queen, Duchess of Aquitaine and Poitou. Mother of 2 Kings Richard the lionheart and John I. Not to mention one if of the last great patrons of the original troubadours and even granddaughter to one of the first. I'm fascinated by her and also Joanna of Naples. We can't fathom the extent of how mysogenistic these societies were, being a powerful women in a man's world. I mean this time period is was especially .. Even first born daughters of great Lords or even Kings dates and even years of birth are unknown because the chroniclers found women so insignificant. We do know that other than holding many impressive titles over her long life, including prisoner of her husband Henry II, she basically ruled England while her son Richard I was off on crusades then held for Ransom, she went on a crusade and her lines produced many rules All over Europe. While many contemporary sources of the times weren't very thorough at the same time many were very bias but at least the great men of the times were worth the ink to mark their deeds... Women weren't mentioned outside of marriage, giving birth to boys and anything scandalous, true or not. Basically, I'd love a video involving Eleanor of Aquitaine (or just on her alone) and Henry II, her sons, her first husband Loius vii .... Anything lol Please and thank you!

[@donnysandley4649]

What a wonderfully rare thing this is 🤗

[@timpenfield5]

The old movie Alfred the great brought me here, THE GREATEST ENGLISHMEN .

[@AnneDowson-vp8lg]

I'm his 45th great grand daughter.

[@tinyspeaker]

I really appreciate the effort, and your dry, to the fact style. And the fact that you use images and maps while speaking, and don't show us your bedroom. But at the same time, I get to the end of some of your videos and feel like you've spoken more about the mechanics of history than going through the event itself. Granted you HAVE to devote some time to the sources to be able to adequately explain events/lend credence to them. Just a small comment, keep it up.

[@tommyhix]

what is the piece of music at 4:28 please?

[@jonathanryals9934]

Hmm... I wonder if "holme" is linguistically connected to "hill" "helm" and "helmet". (3/4 through vid it was written on a map some irish/viking words that still existed in place names around the Mercey valley, "holme" was a useful small island). So if correct, I'm thinking the small islands were similar to the mound cultures throughout the rest of the ancient world (with a possible direct link to north American mound building cultures through viking contact). Mounds, or hills near rivers being prime small settlement locations. The hill was the central feature, and became the fortified "helm" as it was built up and improved as the settlement matured over time. This protective structure in diminutive form eventually became an adapted word for the protective structure that goes on the head, the "helmet".