Transistors - NPN & PNP - Basic Introduction

This electronics video tutorial provides a basic introduction into NPN and PNP transistors which are known as BJTs or Bipolar Junction Transistors. This video discusses the 3 operating regions of a transistor - the cutoff, active, and saturation region. It also explains how the transistors act as switches and how to determine the current and voltages in a transistor base bias circuit.
Transistors - NPN & PNP: • Transistors - NPN & PN...
BJT Transistors - Electronic Switches:
• BJT Transistors - Elec...
Night Activated LDR Sensor Circuit:
• DIY Night Activated LD...
Finding The DC Load Line & Q-Point:
• Transistor Base Bias C...
Voltage Divider Bias Circuit:
• Voltage Divider Bias C...
Collector Feedback Bias Circuit:
• Collector Feedback Bia...
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Emitter Feedback Bias Circuit:
• Emitter Feedback Bias ...
Common Emitter Amplifier:
• Bipolar Junction Trans...
Common Collector & Base Amplifier:
• Common Collector and C...
Darlington Pair & Beta Current Gain:
• BJT Transistors - Darl...
Class A, AB, B, & C Amplifier Circuits:
• Transistor Amplifiers ...
Voltage Gain of Transistor Amplifier:
• How To Calculate The V...
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Multistage Transistor Amplifier Circuit:
• Multistage Transistor ...
Transistor Audio Mixer Circuit:
• Transistor Audio Mixer...
Operational Amplifiers:
• Operational Amplifiers...
Summing Amplifiers:
• Summing Amplifiers - O...
LM386 Audio Amplifier:
• LM386 Audio Amplifier ...
LC Oscillator Tank Circuit:
• LC Oscillator Tank Cir...
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Final Exams and Video Playlists:
www.video-tuto...
Full-Length Videos and Worksheets:
/ collections
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NPN Transistors: amzn.to/3i90bY3
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[@TheOrganicChemistryTutor]

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[@claude77573]

Gerat video. I'd like to comment on the saturation region of operation mentioned at 16:54 and 28:29. Rc must be large enough and Vc must be low enough so that Vb > Vc, and the base - collector PN junction for this NPN transistor becomes foward biased. So, in my mind, saturation is not just any old Vcc / Rc or just the max current of the circuit. It's Vcc / Rc if (and only if) Vb > Vc. In other words, the base-collector junction must be forward biased to have the transistor operate in the saturation region.

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Great video. I’ve seen many videos from many teachers but one thing or another is always missing in the intuition. So I learn something different with each video. Had no idea transistors act like diodes connected to each other.

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[@BallisticDamage]

You have great teaching skills,just a small tip,when drawing a transistor symbol don't connect C and E,it is wrong to do so cuz it looks like C and E are connected directly. Keep up!

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I thought they were connected so I second this guys comment.

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[@galalon2417]

Very useful. Easy to understand. Well explained. Be careful not to confuse BPJT npn, with MOSFET N channel. In an N channel enhancement MOSFET, the gate(base) voltage has to be above the drain (collector) voltage, at least by the gate treshold voltage. in a MOSFET the gate(base) is completely isolated/different circuit to the drain-source. BPJTs are obsolete. MOSFETs have superior technical performance.

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BJTs aren't obsolete. You can use them for current amplification. You can't do that with MOSFETs because they are voltage-controlled

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I agree with most everything he says except the way current flows. It was instructed to me that current flows from negative to positive in a DC circuit.

[@RBgamesbr]

That is the flow of electrons, since they hsve a negative charge, they flow from the negative to the positive. When talking about current, it is conventioned that the flow is from the positive to the negative sides. Most formulas and rules apply to the current flowing the way its conventioned, so I suggest sticking to it when doing your own calculations to avoid unecessary mistakes.

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@@RBgamesbr Agreed! Most electronics technicians and design engineers pass their entire working lives using conventional flow and it doesn't make a blind bit of difference. As a physicist, I only need electron flow when dealing with electrochemistry, magnetic fields or gas discharge tubes, x-ray tubes, thermionic valves etc., otherwise conventional flow is just fine for circuit diagrams and totally irrelevant for AC circuits.

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[@derrick8044]

14:28 purpose of transistor: use a small current @base to control a larger current NOTE: current is directly proportional to voltage. so, small current means small voltage (0.6V> @base) 16:00 how to get a small current flow? FACT: most LED can only handle about 20-30 mA < burn out. Voltage drop across LED is approximately 2V 23:50 3 operating regions of transistor 27:38 the importance of Vce to determine which operating region it is

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[@utuchuck]

Really admire your presentation;however, when Q1 Base is high enough to essentially close the Collector Emitter channel, or close the switch, the Vce or potential between the Collector & Emitter is effectively 0 Volts (or .6V) not 7.49V as presented. Vce would be 7.49V in an inactive transistor state (or open switch if you will). Thank You Again!

[@brownmonkeybananayellow]

Are you referring to the section around 23.03? Should he have called 7.49V Vc rather than Vce? Or is that the same and should be .6V? Thanks trying to make sense of this

[@ceredril]

That is incorrect i think. Since the Transistor is operating in forward active mode, V_CE is actively blocking some current from flowing through it. This results in a potential difference btween C and E. The 7.49 Volts are correct.

[@callejohansson5732]

@@ceredril You are right. 7.49V is correct.

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