(New 2023 Dialogues) Richard Dawkins & Lawrence Krauss Interview

(New 2023 Dialogues) Richard Dawkins & Lawrence Krauss Interview | 2 Conversation Combo Episode

Рет қаралды 96,457

Күн бұрын

Пікірлер: 268

@TheOriginsPodcast Жыл бұрын

To try everything Brilliant has to offer-free-for a full 30 days, visit brilliant.org/OriginsPodcast/ . The first 200 of you will get 20% off Brilliant’s annual premium subscription!

@lovetownsend 11 ай бұрын

Two of my favorite people to listen to on science. My drunk grandma was curious what I was watching and pulled up a chair and started listening halfway through lol

@louieo.blevinsmusic4197 9 ай бұрын

“My drunk grandma was curious” is a hell of a way to start a sentence. lol. That’s awesome though.

@zeadelgaddari2744 8 ай бұрын

Krauss defended Epstein as the financier tried to restore his reputation after his release from jail " I don't feel tarnished in any way by my relationship with Jeffrey. I feel raised by it. " After Epstein's release, krauss took his money to bankroll the origins project at Arizona state university. Epstein on record gave krauss $250,000 nevermind what he gave off record

@calumlittle9828 8 ай бұрын

@@zeadelgaddari2744lest we forget. He loved old Jeff and so did Pinker and they both fucked teenagers on his island too.

@antitheistvegan 11 ай бұрын

I love how Richard not so subtly exits Laurence’s long rambles 😆

@PUBHEAD1 10 ай бұрын

7am in Canada on New Years day 2024 and I am starting my year with this. Thanks so much for starting my year off right.

@JatSingh143 11 ай бұрын

It's always great listening to you both. It's sparks my brain and always puts me into a phase of amazement.

@leedufour 11 ай бұрын

Thanks Richard and Lawrence!

@zeadelgaddari2744 8 ай бұрын

@NunoPereira. 11 ай бұрын

Excellent conversation on the edge of knowledge and of what might be beyond

@erowan1389 11 ай бұрын

Richard should create an online "book" that is just drawings and names of suspected lineage of humans from fish to human. Insert known fossil drawings with names below them, but all other drawings would be AI derived assumptions that fill tge gaps to have imperceptible differences between the species. People can scan through the slides fast to see the changes, or go slow to see each consecutive one is nearly identical. It would help people understand the billion generations (or however many) that have been born, and a computer can handle that amount of data.

@Anton_Sh. 11 ай бұрын

Great idea! Would you like to collaborate on that ?

@studioelb 9 ай бұрын

Two of the greatest men together now we have an atomic bomb of information and knowledge, thank you for sharing. in science we TRUST.

@tcm4721 11 ай бұрын

Thank you for these podcasts. I learn so much.

@satanicmicrochipv5656 11 ай бұрын

I had a dream where my dog was explaining quantum mechanics over coffee and a cigarette. When I woke up I told him that if he was going to smoke he'd have to do it in the garage.

@zeadelgaddari2744 8 ай бұрын

@LuisAldamiz Жыл бұрын

I loved the discussion even if it was a bit of a monologue by Krauss (but it's OK bc I'm amazed how much in agreement I'm with him most of the time).

@conspiracy1914 11 ай бұрын

He just discovered that morals are subjective. and is upset there is a group of people pushing views he dont agree with. and that there is no limit to this subjectiveness.

@LuisAldamiz 11 ай бұрын

@@conspiracy1914 - Ethics are to a large extent genetically inherited from our very long hunter-gatherer evolutionary pre-history. These are along the lines of what I call The Three Pillars of Good: Truth (honesty, science), Freedom (both individual and collective) and Communism (socialism, social justice, community is what matters the most, none should be above the rest). Whoever is not broadly in this line is EVIL (psychopath, anti-social).

@miinyoo 10 ай бұрын

I am heading to an astrophysics meeting in a couple weeks. I hope you don't mind that I mention you in my arguments that uncertainty is greater than our understanding and that dogma is not helpful to the field of study.

@matevzg 11 ай бұрын

Thank you gentlemen. What a sincere discussion.🖖

@benardkilele10 11 ай бұрын

Real scientists . We need more such heros in this world. Life will be fantastic 👍

@briansmith3791 11 ай бұрын

"Life will be fantastic"?? Both stand with Israel even as it mass-murders children. Does godlessness lead to moral degeneracy?

@calumlittle9828 8 ай бұрын

Epstein agreed.

@johnfox9169 11 ай бұрын

Two of my favorite guys tops in their respective fields committed to advancing reason and knowledge. Thank you both 😊

@apathyguy8338 11 ай бұрын

I'm a recovering alcoholic and a long time ago I decided my higher power was critical self perception. I have never looked for dogmatic or religious beliefs since.

@apathyguy8338 11 ай бұрын

Sober since January 20th 1997

@robinghosh5627 10 ай бұрын

Great Insight in critical and rational thinking and reasoning on Scientific knowledge and understanding ...it really is very astonishing and beautifully discussed by these 2 Brilliant Scientists Mr Dawkins and Mr Krauss...Thank you very much ❤❤❤

@mrjonno 11 ай бұрын

Time to watch 'The Unbelievers' again. Thank goodness for Dawkins and Krauss - enabling the thinking human. If only Hawking and C Hitchens were still alive to contribute. I'm sure Christopher would be incensed at 2023, as I to see humanity in reverse - climate change, resource overshoot, pollution and a globalised world to consume in ignorance. Lawrence - nail on head - fundraising. Academic sponsorship is commercial and political to a large degree. Much to expand with regard to 'life'. Simon Singh 'Big Bang' requires much credit to explain Hoyle with regard to our 'classical science'. At least we're talking about such. Thanks Messrs D and K.

@briansmith3791 11 ай бұрын

"2023" and no mention of the genocide in Gaza? When i see prominent atheists like Dawkins and Krauss side with Israel, it seems Dawkins' new atheist movement has led his followers into immorality.

@napalmdeath2718 11 ай бұрын

True Renegades!!

@perryedwards4746 11 ай бұрын

Smashing!! As always I was utterly engrossed..

@Vbluevital 8 ай бұрын

Always delightful and enlightening. TY

@kennyh6101 10 ай бұрын

Once again…A+ on this especially the sane reasoning on woke fundamentalism

@JustNow42 Жыл бұрын

I do not understand why they do not understand it. It is so simple , but just unusual. Relative to the classical version. Take an electron. In free space it interact with the virtual electrons and the only thing we know is that there is a soup of electrons and positrons just with one electron more than positrons. So if you measure the position of the electron you just captured one of the many electrons and there are no more one free electron in the soup. Re cats , there are no virtual cats .

@tskinsplaylists2972 Жыл бұрын

Oh thank god, a guy on KZbin in the comments knows more than Lawrence krauss lmao

@propetero Жыл бұрын

Brilliant 😃

@remadihamza82 11 ай бұрын

I love you both from Algeria

@minusstage3 Жыл бұрын

You're real freaking cool man somehow you can bounce blend and intertwine with anyone and everyone who has knowledge and philosophy or science under their belt Amen to that my brother! 🌒🙏🌘

@henghistbluetooth7882 11 ай бұрын

I’d love to see Krauss and acollierastro in a room together debating free speech and the reasons for his constantly moving around.

@krish2nasa 11 ай бұрын

" The need to have people understand the process of science is it involves two important things, nothing is sacred, there's nothing that can't be questioned.... and heresy is not heresy... And so it's tragic to me that those two characteristics are infiltrating too much, the Academia and the scientific community..." -Lawrence Krauss.

@boldandthebeautifulgimbal2881 Жыл бұрын

34:23 Well earned though. I looked at an equation once, took me a week to recover. I didn’t know I’d spent so much that night.

@arawiri Жыл бұрын

This consciousness greatly increases the probability of anothers solipsism

@user-soon300 Жыл бұрын

That's so sad

@louieo.blevinsmusic4197 9 ай бұрын

Hey, Anothers. How are you? 😉

@james-r 11 ай бұрын

Our universe functions in quantum, but our human interface of understanding it is classical.

@necromorph2301 Жыл бұрын

I remember watching the beyond belief conferences over and over when they came out , These are a couple of my absolute favourite speakers on Science and critical thinking since then ,the dismantling of harmful and stupid ideas is the progress we badly need . Matt Dillahunty cannot go unmentioned in that category either , he does not hold back with his religious criticisms and his call in shows are very good fyi

@richardedward123 Жыл бұрын

The ideas expressed around 40:00, about "loyalty oaths" and "diversity statements". A chill ran down my spine. The Office of Diversity and Equity. They were around in the 90s, but I thought they were PR ploys. I had no idea they are now (have been) involved in the hiring process. Social justice, of course a good idea. But this woke stuff has gone too far.

@SocksWithSandals 10 ай бұрын

That was extremely interesting.

@learningbird9726 11 ай бұрын

Love you both of you ❤❤

@koenth2359 11 ай бұрын

48:43 the shellfish gene lol

@bretnetherton9273 11 ай бұрын

Awareness is known by awareness alone.

@porcospino289 Жыл бұрын

26:30 "Part of what's driven I is ..." blecccchhh

@rubenlabrana7108 10 ай бұрын

Most definitely 👏

@AndyAkers21 11 ай бұрын

Just two legends doing legendary things

@briansmith3791 11 ай бұрын

Will Dawkins come clean about his 'hidden' social Darwinism before he departs this Earth?

@AndyAkers21 11 ай бұрын

@@briansmith3791 wtf does that mean lmaoooo

@briansmith3791 11 ай бұрын

@@AndyAkers21 ' Social Darwinists held that the life of humans was a struggle for existence ruled by survival of the fittest'. Dawkins is an 'elitist' who believes that an intellectual elite, of which he is one, should lead us.

@AndyAkers21 11 ай бұрын

@@briansmith3791 That's an absurd assumption and misrepresentation of a man who's contributed immensely to our understanding of Darwinism and biology generally, and whom has always exhibited an admirable amount of humility and altruism.

@briansmith3791 11 ай бұрын

@@AndyAkers21 Haha, you're kidding of course. Oh, you're not! "humility and altruism"? Dawkins has claimed a "raised consciousness" a number of times. Very humble. He speaks often of the 'elite', of which he considers himself a part. He said the warmonger John McCain was a "good man", has "no sympathy for Julian Assange" and worse of all, he publicly supports Israel even as it mass-murders children. In answer to a question on the terrible suffering of humans and their belief in God, he replied, " who cares what you feel like, who cares what makes you feel comforted, who cares what helps you sleep at night, what matters is what's true".( 'Something from Nothing' Q&A.) Altruism?

@RandomNooby Жыл бұрын

So in the many worlds there is an infinity of realities running con-current with this one; each, with every quark linked to another entire universes, separate from all the others? Or is a new reality created each time? Either way; where does all the energy come from for all these universes. With these infinite options and infinite energy. Does this mean globally, entropy is not a thing?

@maxxwellbeing9449 Жыл бұрын

I have no idea what their talking about, but I could listen to these two men all day.

@MrVorpalsword Жыл бұрын

it was really fairly simple stuff mate. They're not their, let that be an education.

@seanmchugh2866 Жыл бұрын

They booted Lawrence for being real.

@Officialeleazarperez 11 ай бұрын

Yeah like his statements of saying nothing is really not nothing 😂😂😂

@cushingdalton Жыл бұрын

Fantastic!!!

@jonathonmacleod8670 11 ай бұрын

Richard didn't get a word in

@jestermoon 11 ай бұрын

Take A Moment Relax 11:39 your right 😂

@cgmp5764 11 ай бұрын

Great fun listening to the discourse.

@NorsePJ 10 ай бұрын

It's actually 2 trillion galaxies in the observable universe according to 2017 calculations.

@DeuceGenius Жыл бұрын

New Dawkins and krauss! Hell ya buddy

@pvb2048 11 ай бұрын

Anyone know how much the Hitch artwork went for on ebay??

@pvb2048 11 ай бұрын

Nevermind! I got to the end of the video and found it finally went for £410! Bargain.

@louieo.blevinsmusic4197 9 ай бұрын

@@pvb2048dang. At that bargain price I’d assume there are even cheaper ones on EBay. That framed picture was great tho.

@JustNow42 Жыл бұрын

Einsteins beautyful gravity equation operate in 4 dimensions curved space but take it apart and you have a compressed space caused by gravity and a time that go slower because the space is compressed. Nothing is curved. Time is generated by the fluctuations of the fields in empty space ( the spectrum determines the pace like a pendulum does) the hands of the "clock" is the particles. Is that difficult to imagine?

@MontyVideo969 11 ай бұрын

If the Universe's expansion is accelerating, could that be because our local Universe is in an espuma of Universes and the gravitational effect of the surrounding (non-local Universes) is having an effect on ours?

@MrVorpalsword Жыл бұрын

Very happy to hear Lawrence Krauss exposing the negative effects of hiring prejudice at universities. I (a white man) quit a University where I lectured, I had been informed that my new course head, in a meeting before she took up the post had said there were 'too many white men' lecturing on her course (I was informed by a friend who isn't male nor is she white). My union didn't see it as racist but luckily, because I doubt the genuine intelligence of thoughtless, toe the line racists - she made some other stupid prejudiced gaffs after I left that got her sacked.

@DrDeuteron Жыл бұрын

Diversity makes us stronger. So your leaving made the school,stronger.

@AFMMD-q8 3 ай бұрын

MrVorpalsword; I am 💯 with you, glad you got out, their loss.

@koenth2359 11 ай бұрын

24:26 Maybe Dawkins means Fermi's exclusion principle here. But although I dont 'really understand that, I understood that this only results in a finite resistance to collapse.

@russmarkham2197 10 ай бұрын

Pauli's

@koenth2359 10 ай бұрын

@@russmarkham2197 You're right, thanks for correcting. Pauli stated it, it was about fermions.

@russmarkham2197 10 ай бұрын

@@koenth2359 Great. Glad to be of assistance - for once!

@ALavin-en1kr 5 ай бұрын

They don’t know what consciousness is, what mind is, how many kinds of electricities there are, the nature of the forces, what magnetism is, but they do know that God does not exist. At least they know, or think they know, something.

@mitseraffej5812 11 ай бұрын

3:36 “ Led to a species that can” [understand the universe] We as a species are a long way from understanding the universe. What’s more the understanding that is accurate, is far from being species wide.

@gordonbesancon709 11 ай бұрын

what happened in the past in the Middle East with al gazerri is today slowly happening in america.

@matta9316 11 ай бұрын

I always liked Krauss

@ronkrate609 Жыл бұрын

Hard to hear Rich on my Chromebook.

@Reflection4040 11 ай бұрын

❤

@kensho123456 Жыл бұрын

I hope its better than the Carlo Ravioli vid 😕

@Teamcashola Жыл бұрын

This must be an older video as gravitational wave have been detected.

@Schattoorr 9 ай бұрын

01:18:46 gravity occurs at the speed of light. Isn't this wrong?

@indef2def Жыл бұрын

Re: Wittgenstein What it would "look like" if the Sun orbited the Earth would be the same if one only looked at the Sun, but the question was historically adjudicated by people who looked at other bodies, and saw that on one theory, it "looked like" the planets ('travelers') were behaving in insanely complex ways, and on the other theory, they "looked like" they were behaving in pretty intuitive ways. In other words, the problem Wittgenstein was raising about intuition was solved via more intuition.

@DrDeuteron Жыл бұрын

And then Einstein showed us that earth at the center people were right all along.

@dancemachine497 10 ай бұрын

most awkward intermission by the sales guy dude at 1:02:00, omg!

@minusstage3 Жыл бұрын

This is of sword my fine man

@boldandthebeautifulgimbal2881 Жыл бұрын

The double slit experiment. It could be abstracted to being like the inputs of a ‘logic gate’. The wave function collapse is the ‘perceived’ input.

@nicholasmassey6941 11 ай бұрын

Assuming you're talking about Birmingham, UK? It is pronounced Biming-am. But say it with no pause between the birming and the "am". We don't call it birming-ham in the uk.

@abdolrasolzamini2269 11 ай бұрын

Lowrence let richard talk please

@nitinaggarwal9379 11 ай бұрын

Thank you for shaving your face Lawrence 🙏

@AFMMD-q8 3 ай бұрын

Lawrence is the missing link.

@erowan1389 11 ай бұрын

I thought LIGO did prove gravitons exist.

@TheOriginsPodcast 11 ай бұрын

nope

@maciejlewandowski7311 Жыл бұрын

Cat is an observer.

@0neIntangible 11 ай бұрын

Ultimately.

@evolutionrhythm4416 11 ай бұрын

I think that the underlying motivation of what has been termed "wokeism" is the want to be accepted as a person. And the pushback against those people who do have forms of explicit prejudice, in that they dislike certain demographics of people based on non-personality characteristics such as skin tone, biological sex, age, etc. So, whilst there are those people who want a "safe space" simply because they have personal beliefs that they can't tolerate being challenged, there are also people who want "safe spaces" to avoid experiencing or being reminded of, personal attacks from prejudiced people. The irony is, that being educated about evidence-based subjects such as evolutionary biology will mitigate so-called "racism" because "racism" is due to subjective ignorance. Therefore, evolutionary biologists and science educators in general, should be more sensitive regarding people's rights such as wanting to be called the 'pronouns' (she, he, him, her, etc) that they feel are more suitable for their self-perception. And of course, make it clear what biologists mean by a person's sex, is not the same as what psychologists mean by a person's personality (there is some overlap). However, how much is nature and nurture that defines someone's personality, their more feminine or masculine characteristics, for example, is certainly affected by the views of the person's social ingroups. That's why many people still find it a challenge to "come out" and express who they are (not to be misconstrued with what they are. e.g., do we feel like a species or a person?. An organism or a human? Deductively, these words are synonyms)

@pavelmuller3267 11 ай бұрын

Just a stupid question - if the universe was a bit bigger than the Solar system 1s after the Big bang and we know that it takes light from the Sun 4,2 hours to reach the Neptune, does it mean that the initial expansion was orders of magnitude faster than the speed of light (?!?) or just that the time and space meant something completely different than now (that would be my guess since there was no time before the big bang...)? But if the latter is the case, does it even make sense to speak about the size of any object back then and compare it to the size today?!? And do we even know what size our universe is right now? (I'm not talking about the visible universe)...

@TheOriginsPodcast 11 ай бұрын

It was far faster than light... space can expand faster than light.. objects just can't move through space faster than light.

@pavelmuller3267 11 ай бұрын

@@TheOriginsPodcast Thanks!

@SylviabombsmithUjhy75bd34 Жыл бұрын

FIRST!!!!!

@nellwhiteside3042 11 ай бұрын

The dumbing down of Universities is scandalous. Thank you to brave people like you who stand up for our freedom.

@lilbear19601 8 ай бұрын

Krause isn’t educating Mr Dawkins. He understands, even if he might not totally agree. Or at least have a different description.

@jacklcooper3216 Жыл бұрын

Matter happens backwards. The information is loaded that way so the planet is there for the observers. Retro-causality...one electron universe

@pimianimavdo1523 Жыл бұрын

Very good conversations. (+a not so good auction logistics... Closing the bids before you two had a chance at it; what were they thinking!?!) Anyways, Thanks for these talks. :) PS Proof that all is relative: After listening to your conversations, I realized that it felt a lot shorter than the actual playback timing of this video montage. I suspect I just had such pleasure listening & that tends to present/impose a perceived contraction of time. ;) Cheers!

@Kevin-p2l5b 11 ай бұрын

Okay.

@pjaworek6793 11 ай бұрын

Is this thing done?

@zhavlan1258 11 ай бұрын

Postulate 1. Light is an ordered vibration of gravitational quanta. Postulate 2. The gravitational field controls the frequency and speed of light in a vacuum. This is determined experimentally using a hybrid fiber optic gyroscope (based on Michelson's experiment 1881-2015). Using a hybrid fiber optic gyroscope, the straight-line speed of vehicles can be measured. There is a company in China that makes (fiber optic angular velocity meter) they will be able to create a hybrid device. Please, can you come to an agreement with them? I guarantee payment at cost on my part.

@mindsindialogue Жыл бұрын

We are the product of exponential scientific discoveries and linear acquisition of wisdom. Society experiences a form of post-traumatic syndrome, thus certain language offends specific minds. Globally, humans are overworked, overused, over-exploited, over-stressed, and over-depressed, because of the influence of a hyper-industrial and virtual society. Our attention span has diminished from volumes to mere snippets. The direction and speed of our current way of life leave me uncertain, yet I doubt the outcome will be positive. Inevitably, something will give way, and the among first signs it appears that censorship is increasingly taking precedence. Terrifying.

@JamesCairney Жыл бұрын

Einstein already gave us the tools to understand what dark energy is. Explain gravity within Minkowski space and dark energy appears as a result. The fact that "general" and "special" relativity remains separate is the reason no one has spotted that dark energy and gravity can both be unified by mass. Edit to add, this doesn't negate the need for a graviton. For those thinking "what you talking about, this makes no sense!" If our speed across "spacetime" is a constant speed of light, then how is time dilation in relation to "gravity" explained? If our speed doesn't change then surely the distance must? So a "stretching" of the 4th dimension would explain time dilation relative to mass, longer distance, constant speed equals more time. So if mass "stretches" the 4th dimension and "all time exists at all time" would this not imply that "spacetime" is a set of three dimensional manifolds that exist on a 4d structure, and motion across the "structure" would give us our perception of time? So if mass "stretches" this 4d structure would it not look the same as a 2d manifold on a 3d sphere with the sphere expanding? In other words draw dots on a balloon, inflate the balloon and watch the dots move apart. Bump that back up to a three dimensional manifold on a 4d structure and you get dark energy. Simple.

@merlepatterson Жыл бұрын

39:47

@Anton_Sh. 11 ай бұрын

The Woke needs a Poke . Wokism is too unfair and full of injustice, it needs to be stopped.

@mazin16091969 11 ай бұрын

🌹🌹🌹🌹

@philosophicalneo 11 ай бұрын

there are natural conceptions that are necessarily, intrinsically, and evidently known: a thing is made itself in whole, not in parts - in other words, the organic form of being is something that is immediately recognized. a human is not a human merely by possessing a hand or by growing hair. there are natural obligatory traits for every form and these can be reasoned as transcending purely empirical or accidental properties. physics recognizes this awkward absurdity via quantum mechanics, philosophy recognizes the same awkwardness via God

@dalelane1948 Жыл бұрын

wow

@boldandthebeautifulgimbal2881 Жыл бұрын

13:42 Say elections were like cars. If cars moved like electrons then we would never see there wheels spin. We would know they have wheels, but they move so fast we never see them spin. If we can slow down what is happening to an electron, then could we not possibly learn something new? Zepto second time measurement -what if particles inflated as they transition from wave to particle. The universe inflated, particles ‘behave’ like waves. Then why can’t particles inflate?

@psikeyhackr6914 11 ай бұрын

So how can 2 decades go by without physicists asking about and demanding to know the distributions of steel and concrete down the Twin Towers? Where did the Conservation of Momentum go on 9/11? Didn't the lower levels have to support more weight than the upper levels.

@heiwatozenryosa 11 ай бұрын

Fresh air is are debates of these guys.

@robertmcclintock8701 5 ай бұрын

f(^_^) This is an artistic proof of a created universe. When you paint a shadow it's the opposite color of the object that made the shadow. Nobody knew what the opposite color of white was so the artists avoided painting white on white. The opposite color of white is baby blue and baby pink. The first artist to figure it out was Norman Rockwell. I was the second artist to figure it out. I saw it in the corner of a white room. The lighting was perfect to see it.

@conspiracy1914 11 ай бұрын

31:57 If there ever was a lie this is one Why do you have to lie? What is the purpose?

@Deeppowbro Жыл бұрын

😊

@الحان-س9ش 11 ай бұрын

ليس عندما تسال عن محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ولكن عندما تحاول الاهانه والسخريه فنعم ستقتل ...يمكنك مناقشة الافكار وليس الاهانه

@louieo.blevinsmusic4197 9 ай бұрын

Yeah…. So threatening to kill folks for what they say about some god or prophet won’t make them respect you or that prophet. No one is afraid of that threat and all you’re doing is proving just how silly it is to believe. Good job. 🖕

@michaelj5242 10 ай бұрын

Dont check the flight logs 🙊

@tommorrissey3336 11 ай бұрын

It's kind of strange in ironic that the two most close-minded people I know of are talking about "free inquiry". If we could just get a third clown we could start a circus

@briansmith3791 11 ай бұрын

In the greatest crisis of our times, both have sided with the perpetrator, Israel. Dawkins' new atheism has led his followers into moral degeneracy.

@evolutionrhythm4416 11 ай бұрын

As for protecting scientists' right to do science, expecting billionaires to back universities will also throttle the line of inquiry, rich people have their biases and personal agendas too; therefore may pull out their funding if they don't like the line of research. Scientists, researchers, etc, are workers. The most effective way to protect worker's rights is for the workers to unionize (being a team has more social influence than an individual. OK, perhaps an individual with a lot of money is an exception) Deductively, if scientists want to be free to ask any question, they need to cooperate. Universities may get funding from the public (e.g., government loans or grants to students) or private sectors, but, without the workforce universities or any organization is nothing. If this sounds a bit communist that's because it is. However, as mentioned in the talk, we should be free to ask any question. So, why isn't it a great idea that the workers, the scientists, etc, own and manage their workplace? Why shouldn't universities have 'in house' democracies (student reps, tutor reps, admin reps, cleaner reps, etc)