This Chip Could Change Computing Forever

[@andresconrado]

I've heard, for about 20 years now, that a development just around the corner will make laptops last a week without a charge. Never happens. Color me skeptic.

[@Retly_Ai]

You do realize innovation doesn’t happen with a snap of your fingers right?

[@tshwarelolebeko2395]

Then be specific in the "far future"

[@mortalkombat266]

​@Retly_Ai it has to go through the military first, then we get it 😅

[@jesus2639]

well technically speaking if we had the computers with the power from 20 years ago running on modern batteries they would actually be able to run for a week. the problem is that processing power and demand is increasing too fast.

[@BocchiSensei]

​​​​@@mortalkombat266Unironically, the military doesnt get the best and lastest nowadays and consumer chips can outperform those produced specifically for military use. In fact the us military bought 1000 playstation 3s years ago instead of buying enterprise grade equipment to build a supercomputer. It was one of the most powerful supercomputer cluster that the us military had at the time. Edit: People tend to forget that new technologies introduces vulnerabities. Vulnerabilities that the us military wouldnt wanna take.

[@danbhakta]

When I was young...we used graphite rods encased in wood to do calculations on flat sheets of wood pulp.

[@spacebassist]

i used them to draw but to each their own

[@thiesenf]

When I was young we used chisels and stonetablets and carved chickenscratches onto the tablets...

[@merlingeikie]

We used wedges pressed into mud sheets. Apparently they'll last thousands of years.

[@danbhakta]

@@thiesenf Encino Man

[@nunyabusiness9433]

@@merlingeikie Ea-Nasir hates this one simple trick!

[@sanjitmajumdar]

It's intriguing how often I stumble upon a seemingly groundbreaking technology, only to discover it's been around since the mid-20th century.

[@johnwalsh518]

Nicole Tesla was experimenting with a lot of these things in early 19th century but they blocked him.

[@christiangomez7301]

I've noticed the same thing! Very often the newer papers also don't cite the older papers, probably because they don't want to admit that their work is not all that new.

[@bashkillszombies]

And will never be useful. I swear it's just stock bro's pumping and dumping stocks of these companies. I wish there was a securities investigation into these KZbin channels pounding out this rubbish.

[@percy9228]

this is clickbait and nothings changed, if graphene had promise and this paper was released in January there would be more articles about this

[@renesays]

Right! I’ll be like “wow microwaves are so cool,” look up its history and Wikipedia will be like, “Microwaves were an indispensable appliance during the time of Magellan.”

[@skumancer]

Back in 2003 when I was studying Computer Science at FSU, one of the breakthroughs the university had was regarding graphene. I'm still waiting for it to materialize into ANYTHING we use daily or get a benefit out of.

[@nigelrhodes4330]

Manufacturing techniques have not been developed do make such structure efficiently, best current practice is still done by placing individual atoms and this is not economically feasible at scale at the moment.

[@Fanta....]

You can now get H-C pencils. yep you guessed it, completely made of graphene. teh future is nownownownow

[@BeckOfficial]

A breakthrough does not mean a stable or close to final product though. It just means a significant improvement, or that a solution was found to something that hindered further process.

[@MostlyPennyCat]

It took 28 years to go from the first transistor to the 6502 CPU.

[@MostlyPennyCat]

It took 30 years to get from the first LED to the first BLUE LED. Then how long until you got the first home led for lighting? 20 years? 30 years? So we're talking 60 years between the invention of the LED and it's wide scale use for lighting. Wanna know what took so long? Band gap engineering and designing manufacturing processes.

[@new_skyspirit]

Graphene is just like Nuclear fusion, always 10 years away 😅

[@ASpyNamedJames]

Until it isn't.

[@blijebij]

Lets develop a car's engine. We can do it in 1 or 2 years, test it, do research on it, and use the data gained to develop the next generation of the motor. The cycle of creation and testing linked to time truly matters! People often forget that building and testing a fusion reactor takes 30-35 years, especially in the past. With such a slow cycle, expecting fast results wouldn't be logical. Fusion research has a very time-consuming development cycle. If you want to know about progress, find data on specific research advancements. For example, magnetic fields for fusion are 10,000 times more efficient than 20 years ago. There's been great progress, but there are still hurdles to overcome. Superficial judgments are easy, but they're simply misguided.

[@Jack-he8jv]

to be fair, so was blue led for decades, without it we wouldnt have led lights and screens. innovations is expensive and require young people who are typically less trusted with large sums nowadays due to rapidly failing society, hence the increase in junk papers/claims and decrease in society changing tech.

[@ASpyNamedJames]

@@Jack-he8jv There's a lot to unpack there man. 😅

[@jsl151850b]

*You're not entirely wrong, but that's what they said about flat TVs 50 years ago.*.

[@am3703]

"Imagine your phone lasting for days" Why yes, I do remember the 3310

[@Australian_Made]

touché

[@pjtren1588]

You good sir win the internet.

[@Actingskint]

And those changeable batteries of old , when you have the power to fix the problem. Instead of having to get a officially sanctioned item , which the manufacturer decided not to allow you to have access to .

[@chrisobber5604]

Easy to last for days if you're a thing that does nothing in contrast to our small super computers today.

[@am3703]

@@chrisobber5604 True, but also way less distracting, ngl I miss the era or brick dumb phones

[@shApYT]

10 years ago: "We gonna have graphene computers!" 10 years from now: "We gonna have graphene computers!"

[@javaman7199]

It reminds me of the saying "Gallium Arsenide is the future of computing. And always will be."

[@sanderschat]

40 years ago: we are gonna have flying cars everywhere 40 years from now: we are gonna have flying cars everywhere...

[@NeorecnamorceN]

Graphene was supposed to be the wonder material, fast more efficient CPUs, better batteries, ... Haha called it 3:10

[@DarthObscurity]

Graphene is amazing and has allowed incredibly fast and tough tech to be developed. There is no question it would make almost everything better/stronger, the problem is with scaling. If you can't make everyone a processor with it, then it's not 'profitable'.

[@Andytlp]

@@sanderschat Not happening unless its all automated. Just look at idiot drivers on the road. Now picture them in the sky.

[@me0101001000]

A little thing about graphene synthesis. There is a company out of San Diego called Grolltex which has made strides in synthesis and fabrication. Their CEO did his PhD thesis on the subject, too. The main bottleneck is not necessarily the synthesis of pristine graphene, but transferring and fabricating on different surfaces. That's what this company is trying to do. I know the sad joke about graphene being able to do anything except leave the lab, but the number of companies that are working on scaling, the number of companies working on graphene fabrication infrastructure, and also the very smart people in materials synthesis labs have put out lots of papers recently on the subject. There is one professor at Johns Hopkins who is working on graphene synthesis via CO2 splitting, which is exciting. If you're an aspiring materials scientist or chemist, this is a great field to be in right now.

[@horrorhotel1999]

I work in an innovative tech startup, and I'm here to tell you, that our economy is shifting more and more towards an economy of empty promises, where our claims become increasingly flashy and ever less based in reality. The big money goes to the guy with the flashy powerpoint, not the guy with the working prototype these days. FTX is a perfect example of this. Maybe I'm wrong about your specific field, but I'm not very optimistic about this. Yes, they have a plausible mechanism by which they can explain what might be possible with this material, but until there actually is a promising prototype or a proven theory, all of this remains speculation and empty promises which can evaporate at any moment

[@afd1040]

@@horrorhotel1999There is proven theory though.

[@me0101001000]

@@horrorhotel1999 I know exactly where you're coming from. And as someone in the startup scene, I share your lament. The problem, at the end of the day, comes down to where the founders go first. If you want to be able to deliver on the promise, you need to go to the experts first. If you're in biotech, go to doctors. If you're in materials, go to a materials science lab or DoE/DoD lab. Theranos and FTX failed because they wooed the public and venture capital, but they did not at all consult with accredited experts. The name of the game is Due Diligence. Because the founders of Grolltex based their foundings on high impact papers, a whole doctoral thesis, and the backing of a respected materials science professor, I am inclined to be more optimistic with their work. The same goes for other companies, like Unigrid in the battery space.

[@ZandarKoad]

Maybe they just need to inject more AI into their graphene!

[@nigelrhodes4330]

@@horrorhotel1999 This is because even among the elites the understanding of physics at the scales we are talking is poorly understood and thus the knowledge of what is feasible and pie in the sky is also limited.

[@Nightenstaff]

Graphene breakthroughs seem to happen just often enough that makes me believe I'll never live long enough to see any graphene products.

[@kyleferguson4236]

THIS is y we haven't gotten GTA 6 yet...they waitin for the graphene 💀

[@DannyTillotson]

There are graphine batteries

[@average-neco-arc-enjoyer]

@@kyleferguson4236 what do you think the G is for

[@cooldog60]

Just like the fuel cell. All cars were going to be powered by fuel cells in 10 years. That was 20 years ago. Now they don't even talk about them.

[@average-neco-arc-enjoyer]

yo why did I get a notification for this comment. I didn't even post here

[@snozzmcberry2366]

At 8:01 you say "deficit free" when the text reads "defect free." The distinction between those two words is VERY important when it comes to semiconductor chips, as wafer defects are a huge deal in the production of semiconductor processing chips.

[@Damieru]

Well, does "deficit" make sense in that context? I think you already know which word he meant. :)

[@StreetComp]

Agreed, can’t make this sort of mistake on a story like this. One of the main problems with producing graphene is making it defect free can be expensive! Someone should’ve proof watched this through before releasing it to YT, I’ll bet he didn’t want to do another read of this line and edit it in.

[@deesh6378]

The year is 2120... We will finally have graphene computers in 10 years!

[@dx-ek4vr]

It's 5 billion years in the future. The sun is now in the Red Giant phase, but we will have graphene computers in just 10 years!

[@Robert_McGarry_Poems]

Envisioning a groundbreaking new use for something, is infinitely easier than the trial and error process of turning a theory into a useful tool. Not only that, but it's not just the linear problem solving of engineering the whole thing. You have to figure out every step in the theoretical process and then turn that into a machine that can do what you need it to do. It most likely takes more time to build fabrication technology up to par for the new tech than it does to actually engineer that new tech. and that was only generation one... See how it can take years to move forward? When you look at the situation, actual time spent on the new tech is limited by the speed at which fabrication can keep up. Imagine you run into such a novel problem, that is a known solution, but the fabrication technology doesn't exist... You stop doing everything on the new tech, and start over with the fabrication tech... It's not just a straight forward thing.

[@Robert_McGarry_Poems]

More than likely what is the longest term problem, is that you can't even begin to start designing a chip set architecture until you know what the dimensions of your components will be... Getting to a useful chip, gen-1 is hard enough...

[@percy9228]

video is already 12 years old of the old guy. this is a clickbait false crap. author knew it's so old.

[@mdjey2]

I thought we will have analog computers.

[@user-yl5pg3kx1q]

This is the same case as with batteries, every year you hear about some breakthrough tech and still your phone dies in a day with the same old lithium battery.

[@fobusas]

I googled the battery mentioned in this video, and yes, too good to be true... Those batteries are no longer available, company was sold in 2021, and they no longer offer consumer products.

[@LordZordid]

To be fair a lot has happened with ion lithium technology over a large span of years. It's never as cut and dry as people wan't it to be. However, we do get plenty of idiotic technology promises all the time like Diamond powered cars was the latest one I saw. And every year some tech startup or pump-and-dump scheme promise fusion power. And Elon Musk promise every year that we will go to Mars in five years. Conventional, affordable and established technologies will be the thing that surrounds us for decades to come and they will always be improved upon. But new technologies like solid state batteries and Graphene chips might eventually become the norm. And then our descendants will have the same discussion when something new arises.

[@mrtiff99]

It's crazy isn't it, hopefully within the next decade we'll have an alternative?

[@fobusas]

@@mrtiff99 What's crazy is that Dagogo didn't mention this at all in his video. If you haven't done research yourself, you would have been massively misled about those batteries.

[@willinton06]

Progress takes time

[@nikluz3807]

But when will we achieve cold fusion?

[@johannawilliams2410]

Lol

[@TreeLBollingTreeMan]

It's just around the corner, next upload.

[@Astra2]

16 years, 4 month, 11 days, 19 hours, 52 minutes, and 12 seconds

[@Andytlp]

iter going to finish probably by 2030 for sure. After all the tests and tweaks, if it actually does produce net positive energy worth the bother, commercial fusion reactors would follow within 10-15 years.

[@DefinitelyNotBender]

We already have. It's making it commercial that's taking time 🤦🏻‍♂️

[@zuu.hed.2533]

I'm an ingeneer specialized in powerelectronics. We are working since around 2019 with SiC Mosfets. here are some conclusions in comparison with standard IGBT Moduls (although I obviosly can only talk about powerelectronic side, not microelectronics) - If they die (explode) they do so pretty quite, that's nice. They also don't push the silicon everywhere. I tell you, cleaning a cabinet where a IGBT did explode is annoying... - They are faster. witch IGBTs our switchingfrequency was at (depending on the output current) 2...10 kHz, with SiC we are usually at 12...20 kHz with comparable current. That reduces the losses in the chokes significantly, and reduces the noice by far. Sadly it seems, that the chokes are now at their limit. even if the output current of the Semiconductors could be increased, there are no chokes to smoothe the current out. with 25 kHz most choke technologies are also already at the optimum with copper and iron losses. - They survive overvoltages longer/easier. - they get extreamly hot, therefore the chip is a lot closer to the baseplate (wich is attached to a heat sink. sadly this increases the parasitic capasity, and because of that also EMC noise against PE. It easily interferes with other devices. An EMC Filter is mostly required. - because of the higher switching frequency parasitic problems have gone up a notch as well. For example: we build a bidirectional, galvanically isolated DC//DC converter. In the lab it worked with 30 kHz, but when we build it in a cabinet, we had to reduce the switching frequency to 17 kHz, just because the cables were a few centimeters longer, and therefore the parasitic inductance inceased. The difference is, again, the lab compared to a real application. - they are, at least for now, still very expansive All in all, it is nice, yes, but it is not the all mighty solution. All the manufacturers have already quited down significantly about innovations.

[@Burkius]

I’m sure you’re an “engeneer”

[@Burkius]

Posting chat GPT info dumps is insane

[@zuu.hed.2533]

@@Burkius sorry, what? What do you mean with Chat GPT info dumps? and yes, sorry for beeing a non english speaking nativ and having gramatical errors.

[@daemonsw77]

hopefully your math skills are better then your spelling skills....

[@zuu.hed.2533]

@@daemonsw77 I expected better from this comunity...

[@AAA-tc1uh]

Clicked the video, 40sec in: "Graphene". Rolled my eyes so hard I had to look for them on the carpet.

[@JacqueBibblequip]

Har har

[@Alex_Mercer_]

I did the same when I read this comment, rolled my eyes and then saw the carpet, then i laughed

[@nekomakhea9440]

There's 9 Tech Readiness Levels, and a working graphene transistor is TRL 3. They still have a looooong ways to go.

[@planetsec9]

TBH I think there are flaws in the TRL system, for example NASA's over-reliance on it led to situations where technology and methods like supersonic retropropulsion existed at TRL 3-4 for decades while SpaceX just went and did it with Falcon 9 without caring about methodically going through the ladder, they just said yolo and tested it in the real world and it worked and the data they got is better than anything that advanced CFD and other modelling methods could deliver and now its a near weekly occurrence. TRL levels make it seem like tech advances and breakthroughs are decades of research away (lots of steady funding opportunity) while they could in reality be much closer than you think and someone just has to take that leap

[@percy9228]

did you know the guy that this video keeps talking about and he's amazing new breakthrough is from a 12 years old video? google "MRSEC Graphene Process Walt de Heer, Georgia Tech" if their was some big breakthrough, it would have been discussed already

[@greenboots5823]

@@planetsec9 The thing to ask yourself right now is would you ride on spaceX rocket though.

[@diox8tony]

@@greenboots5823 falcon is way more reliable than shuttle ever was.

[@Jack-cq9pv]

^ this. I wouldn’t ride on a SpaceX rocket at the moment, but I *definitely* wouldn’t ride on a space shuttle!

[@rg975]

Graphene based chips? This has been speculated on and teased for many, many years. I’ll believe it when I see it

[@US_made_911_terror_and_Covid19]

The Chinese came out with the first commercial graphene-based chip, in commercial application.

[@rerikm]

I guess you missed the entire point of this video 🙄🙄

[@spld3rp1g]

@@US_made_911_terror_and_Covid19 China can't even make their own 14nm silicon wafers. what are you on about?

[@LeoNux-um7tg]

@@spld3rp1g Can't even make a gt 1030 comparable graphics card without sucking 250w of power and performs around gtx 750 none Ti

[@US_made_911_terror_and_Covid19]

@@hepteropterix Chinese scientists combined silicon carbide with graphene making possible much higher speed and low power consumption, and Tiang University laid out the steps for the commercialization of this chip.

[@matts9728]

@4:52 that's the first time I've ever heard of conductivity explained like that. thank you

[@ABQSentinel]

I feel the need to point out that, faster clock speeds are not simply limited by the silicon. As clock speeds increase, you start to have a problem where the signals are bIeeding through as RF noise faster than they are traveling across the intended circuit. If the signal "jumps" the circuit gap, then you start to have all sorts of timing problems and the circuit would become increasingly noisy. So, a lot of the circuitry would have to be replaced by opto-electronics which would drive the prices sky-high!

[@Alex_Mercer_]

Then at least it will use less power tho right?

[@My-Opinion-Doesnt-Matter]

0:07 I had a phone that I didn't have to charge for a week. 20 years ago.

[@escootee]

Very impressive but the most important info is missing: How did they achieve the "semiconductiveness" for graphine? What is going on in detail so the meterial behaves that way?

[@aaronwallace4219]

That's exactly what I'm trying to figure out, I mean they explained the technique for synthesizing graphene but graphene is by definition a single layer of carbon atoms, and as far as I know it can only be in the one honeycomb lattice arrangement. So what is it about his single layer of carbon atoms that makes it better than anyone else's single layer of carbon atoms.

[@elliotts5574]

​@@aaronwallace4219the high mobility of graphene can be altered with the application of electric fields (eg a live metal sitting on top of the graphene but blocked with a very thin insulator). you provide an electric field point a different direction from the path of electrons through the graphene, and the mobility drops, resistance increases. resistance is still pretty low, but because graphene mobility is so insanely high, we can have very low voltage active transistors just using that behavior.

[@elliotts5574]

​@@aaronwallace4219and what makes it better is the monolayer of chemical bonds organize so that pi bonds face upward and downward while the planar bonds throw electrons around far better than any metal.

[@aaronwallace4219]

Right, I'm aware of its conducting properties, so your saying it'd not just the graphene but also an additional layer of metal that make it semiconducting

[@nigelrhodes4330]

@@aaronwallace4219 It is achieved by "doping", adding impurities to the structures so they have the correct properties that is trying to be achieved, much the same a silicon is today.

[@supernovasat]

Most peaceful videos to listen to , thank you

[@AcvaristulLenes]

Those chips will run ads faster.

[@Hhhhhhhhuuuuuuuhhhhhhhssbshs]

😂

[@bozhidarmihaylov]

Advanced Advantage 😂👍

[@noyfb4769]

No no no, you don't really appreciate the significance of this, they'll be able to pack increasingly even more ads into shrinkingly even less-informative vids.

[@stephanbevan1347]

Very good way of explaining semiconductors

[@kronux3831]

The fact that this material can operate at that high of capacity with much lower heat production is really meaningful when you put it into the context of robotics. Super excited to see what we are able to create now that we managed to finally find a good semiconductor production method

[@Dina_tankar_mina_ord]

I love episodes like this. It gets me interested and enthusiastically excited for the future like I was in my 20s again. Thanks.

[@Necoy666]

Ur supposed to be interested at 20?

[@Also_sprach_Zarathustra.]

@@Necoy666 yes

[@Dina_tankar_mina_ord]

@@Necoy666I was deeply involved in nanotechnology, fusion tokamaks, and particle physics in my late teens. As time passed, I noticed that much of today's science had succumbed to corporate dogma, which diminished my enthusiasm for new discoveries. But when I hear about the near-magical properties of graphite finnaly starts to show, like this, the emerging merits of fusion reactors, room-temperature superconductors found in minerals, and the advancements in AI. And now this. The future is now and I feel enthusiasm for the furture like back then!

[@threepe0]

The name of the channel goes well with the content beautifully haha

[@WeighedWilson]

Yep.

[@some______guy]

Bazinga

[@giomjava]

Super looking forward to this! For those who don't quite grasp: sometimes all that's needed for the technology to become viable is to reduce production costs/efficiency at scale. If one chips away for 10 years, iterating processes 10% here, 20% there -- it accumulates and can push the technology over that threshold.

[@Ronald-gu3ft]

You have not a scooby of semiconductors LOL

[@giomjava]

@@Ronald-gu3ft oh please enlighten

[@genjitsu7448]

I don't know where you got your intro music (you are watching Cold Fusion) and it just really hits the right things. Hard to describe but I really love it so well done! Also I do enjoy your voice and coverage of topics - I do really look forward to your next videos.

[@2openhere]

Dagogo makes music as well as world class journalism, there's a link in the description.

[@teineone]

Things like this are why the tech industry is progressing exponentially

[@CappyLarou]

Graphene potential is amazing. I've been following its progress since 2006 when I first heard about it.

[@DarthChrisB]

I've been following it since 1859. It must be market-ready any day now.

[@JEumenes]

The people on here so ignorant to think graphite and graphene are the same thing.​@@DarthChrisB

[@Destroyer4700]

Yeap, I heard that if you stack many layers of Graphene together into a long stick, you can use it to write on paper. Amazing!

[@victorien3704]

@@Destroyer4700 No lol, you do not wanna use graphene as a pencil. What you would wanna use is something called "graphite".

[@Destroyer4700]

@@victorien3704 Whooosh!

[@bobt1975]

0:45 didn't know Einstein is still alive!!

[@abdullahp7986]

😂

[@dentatusdentatus1592]

There was a man at my last job with the last name "Einstein."

[@FighterFlash]

Great first a women that dressed like Steve Jobs now a guy that looks like Einstein

[@brians1793]

He's the love child of Einstein and Richard Dawkins.

[@RiwenX]

Played by John Cleese

[@butters1273]

Watches for the content, falls asleep due to voice and music 🎶 ❤

[@tastybrownie7448]

I used to read about graphene in the 90's. It is still bullcrap just like fusion and solid state batteries. Promising tech like this make me wanna go back to V8 engines and the older version of everything so I can focus on what really matters most (having fun with people).

[@mac1991seth]

This isn't the first time I hear about graphene chips, but last time I checked on the subject, someone suggested a silicene alternative that - in theory - would be easier to engineer since computer chips use silicon anyway.

[@nwlk9262]

This idea is decades old

[@ProfessionalGasLighting]

He makes graphene production sound super complex. The Nobel prize winner literally made it by sticking tape together from a pencil.

[@InspectorGadget923]

I don't think the video does make it sound complex, the narrator is just describing the process of making usable chunks of product. You can't start scraping it off tape and be able to use it.

[@Daonexus]

I have been following the same research and I was really excited when they announced. I finally felt Carbon chips were near.

[@Robert_McGarry_Poems]

The stacked graphene twisted layers wire, paper was pretty mind blowing. Basically the moire pattern can be stacked, continuing to twist the layers by what 1.1° indefinitely. The resulting structure acts as a wire with very little resistance, and (I think I remember it saying that the Eddie currents that are the problem with traditional/conventional wires, almost disappear. But I can't remember if it was the same paper...)

[@Robert_McGarry_Poems]

The implications are endless... 🤯🤯🤯 A fully carbon circuit. Almost zero resistance. And no transport loses, the amount of current in equals almost that much out... Like you wouldn't need to drive a power source anymore!!! A battery and a clever capacitor setup and it would last a very long time. Imagine adding a solar panel... Like those old AF calculators... Lol.

[@percy9228]

why is he quoting a 12 year old video from the old guy talking? if this was some breakthrough, why is it first time I heard about it?

[@Robert_McGarry_Poems]

@@percy9228 Well, graphene hasn't been around very long. The idea of it, sure... But the whole pencil lead things was quite recent. Anyway, it hasn't just been sunshine and rainbows fabricating graphene. Getting to a cost competitive product took over a decade... You can't progress real world engineering without the thing you are testing... It's not that the theory making stopped, it's just that we only now have the fabrication technology to start working on where the theory has led us. Take an engineering course and chemistry for that matter...

[@waynelynch1]

​@@percy9228 Do a search for graphene chips and you'll find a dozen large channels covering this very breakthrough. I don't know how you missed it, especially, seeing as though, its sounds as if, you keep your ear to the ground on these topics!? Do you watch Sabine Hossenfelder ? She even covered it...

[@isodoublet]

"Electrons can only be in a few discrete layers, or shells, above the nucleus, which we can call bands" A band is not the same as a shell. A shell is what you get if you have more-or-less isolated atoms (or molecules), like in a gas or a liquid. A band is what you get in denser materials such as crystals, and it's a collective thing involving the entire structure of the material. A shell only allows one energy (e.g. the ground state of the hydrogen atom has an energy of -13.6 eV, take it or leave it), but a band allows a whole _range_ of energies, which secretly are like lots of little shells extremely close together, and shared across the entire material.

[@ausnorman8050]

You mentioned the 'band gap'. Very key with this tech idea to be resolved first before it can/will be rolled out. loved the video mate.

[@weksauce]

"deficit" != "defect"

[@xevios.9336]

To everyone complaining in the comment section. All the “future” tech that disappeared or “isn’t being used yet” is being used they just aren’t consumer products. So many wild things have existed in history that weren’t consumer products.

[@shadrachemmanuel1720]

Graphene is one of those technological breakthroughs that is always 10 years away. Just like Nuclear fusion. I am afraid AGI may follow the same trajectory

[@RoganClipVaultYT]

I think we can differentiate in this tho. We have the biggest companies in the world spending billions on AGI, with very noticeable strides being made basically monthly. Plus AI is already so useful and making it more accurate is clearly possible in multiple ways, so I don’t think we can expect it to not happen sometime soon.

[@ImperativeGames]

Graphene can't do everything except escape the lab ^^

[@tadghsmith1457]

I'm pleased to see how many folks on this comment section know what time it is. Cold Fusion and many of these other technology channels pump out a lot of hype around technologies that are nowhere near to yielding practical mass produced products. That algorithm needs content.

[@voltgaming2213]

Apple's Sillicon was the most powerful recent improvement in terms of battery life in laptops and much faster performance, hope to see more of this type of technology

[@4RILDIGITAL]

The potential for revolutionizing our devices with longer battery life and faster speeds is mind-blowing. The technological breakthroughs we've seen in the past decade continue to astound me.

[@RattledPan]

Ya know the fun thing about life? It. Never. Stops. I remember my head just spinning when I first saw 2001: A Space Odyssey in 1968. It was the future, and the future was on a rocket~ I don't know that I will ever catch my breath, and hope I never do!🤯🤠🥳

[@vivekpradhan4017]

A 13 minutes video released 9minutes ago and people giving comment 7 minutes ago , god save our attention span

[@horrorhotel1999]

Damn, this comment - it is so innovative and good. I really want to engage with it

[@nvitrymashliwafoldc1324]

I would like to engage with your comment as well. Very good observation my friend!

[@muiruridexter]

X2 Speed 🏃

[@Ef554rgcc]

Comment engaged.

[@PianoMelodicaDark]

the people who commented quickly were eating graphene

[@djahvelle]

I LOVE technical videos like this!! Thank you D.A.!!

[@faisal.mahmood]

Having done my PhD research on graphene, this research really gets me hyped up for the future

[@kaihsiangju]

0:31, No "Georgia Tech University", just "Georgia Tech"

[@andrewreynolds912]

This is what makes me so excited not only devices can run many degrees Celsius cooler but they could run thousands of times faster without making as much heat as regular silicon

[@web_dev_cz]

The problem you speak of at the end (current leakage) can be solved while scaling down the transistors. When researching problems with leakage at sub nano level it was actually discovered that taking advantage of quantum interference of electron by sending waves shifted by PI you can actually achive near-zero current leakage. Source: New Microchip Breakthrough: Scaling Beyond 1nm, author: Anastasi In Tech

[@nigelrhodes4330]

With such fine scale structures you can achieve great results but at this stage the manufacturing processes are not there yet, well not for any large scale production. Deposition and layering are often done with sputtering in semiconductor manufacturing and is improcice a lot of the time. These structures can be made by placing individual atoms at the moment but production at scale has proved difficult.

[@Thumper68]

We’ve been hearing about twice as fast processors and half the size 10 times better batteries every year for 20 years. It’s never happens either because it’s not possible or those up top who get rich don’t allow it.

[@HatsuneSquidward]

Are you referring specifically to graphene? Because computers in general have gotten consistently two times faster or smaller every few years for the last 3 decades. Slowing down now, but only recently

[@TheEducat0r]

This isn't just a chip, it's a glimpse into the future of technology!

[@Danilio.]

Indeed! 👑

[@asterlofts1565]

Finally, this channel talks about the news about the graphene semiconductor that came out almost 4 months ago. Brilliant. :)

[@viktorfunk1819]

We could already have had phone batteries that lasted a week, but the marketplace decided ever-more advanced phones were more important than battery life.

[@hazza8989]

100% correct

[@thomasbergfeld2730]

I have a smarthphone with a battery that "can" last a week. But because I use the Display and smart functions and not just the telephone functions, the battery only lasts for 1-2 days.

[@sreerajr6470]

As Elon said it ,"prototype is easy but mass production is Hard.

[@e.m.aseguin9401]

Luckily Elon musk cannot be mass produced 😂

[@j0nnyism]

Prototyping isn’t easy

[@thecryptouniversity]

we have been hearing these things for over 10 years and we have not seen anything on the ground

[@supersat]

CMOS was a radical departure from TTL and earlier technologies, giving us vastly more power-efficient ICs, so not everything stayed static for the past 70 years

[@TheUngracefulRider]

I haven't fully read this study you brought up, but graphene processors won't really work. It may be an awesome conductor, but it doesn't have the bandgap like silicon, meaning it doesn't have semiconductor properties.

[@MegoZ_]

We're so fucking back bro

[@Ha77778]

Yeah man

[@Robert_McGarry_Poems]

🎉

[@JoseP-cw3je]

Lk99 reddit I see.

[@hanziepanzie5210]

Terraherz instead of Gigaherz, so your phone is 5x as fast. Strange calculation

[@dosendaring]

No it's not, your chip CYCLES 1000 times faster BUT your OS, UI, display, etc.... ARE NOT..... Simply put, you have 100cc engine and 1000cc engine, in theory the latter is 10 times more powerful, but IS IT FASTER? No, if 100cc is on a bike and 1000cc is on a car.

[@DarkPa1adin]

Even cheap phones are at 2GHz, so 10GHz = 1THz to him

[@alfrilysencarnacion2085]

ColdFusion can you please give credit to the other university that collaborated with georgia tech to do this. You forgot to put Tianjin University in collaboration. GIve credit where credit is due please

[@SBImNotWritingMyNameHere]

Xiao ni ma 😂

[@DenDodde]

I have to admit it's quite fun to watch people talk about things they have no understanding of.

[@HighMojo]

I can't help but notice that 12 out of the 15 names from the team are all from Tianjin University, China: Jian Zhao, Peixuan Ji, Yaqi Li, Rui Li, Kaimin Zhang, Hao Tian, Kaicheng Yu, Boyue Bian, Luzhen Hao, Xue Xiao, Ramiro Moro, Lei Ma. Only these are non-Chinese: Will Griffin, Noel Dudeck, Walt A. de Heer.

[@tHebUm18]

Sounds neat, but big skepticism until I see a commercial product.

[@djstraylight]

Looks like there was hiccup in KZbin again. I got unsubscribed. So everybody make sure you are still subscribed. YT's system is so odd sometimes.

[@TheGreyLineMatters]

Lol, my gaming laptop last for the length of a movie, then it needs to be charged. It's utterly useless without consistent power.

[@JJ3nkins89]

Gaming and laptop, do not go together.

[@johnsherby9130]

My thin and light feels like it needs constant power as well. I’m ready for x86 to move out the door on anything portable man, it’s embarrassing how much better apples battery life is these days. I started using my iPad for almost everything in school because I can go days without charging it

[@miguelmejia4656]

@@JJ3nkins89 it's not 2010 anymore. we're in 2024. state of the art laptops exist for gaming. they got no excuse.

[@JJ3nkins89]

@@miguelmejia4656 They are made to be compact versus PC, they will ALWAYS be less than something larger with more airflow for cooling. End of story. Laptop improve, so do PC at the same time.

[@michaelbuckers]

Power drain and heat generation of modern electronics is not due to wire resistance, it's due to gate switching speed getting maxed out. Transistors take a moment to change their resistance value from high to low and back, and during that transitional period they pass a lot of current at non-insignificant resistance through them, which generates heat and wastes power. Faster clock speed means there's less low-losses time between switching, and more high-losses active time. The only way you can help it is to develop a gate that flips faster and shuts harder, like GAAFET technology. Clock speeds are also severely limited by physical size of the chip - speed of light and all.

[@Swedeninthahood]

Wonderful science and persistence. Hope to see the technology in the future gadgets. However i see some potential bottlenecks outlined below. • Material Properties: Graphite’s layered crystalline structure offers high thermal conductivity and electron mobility but complicates deposition and patterning processes necessary for semiconductor manufacturing. Its anisotropic properties also create variability in circuit performance. • Manufacturing Compatibility: Standard semiconductor production facilities are optimized for silicon, not graphite. Modifying these facilities to accommodate graphite’s unique requirements involves significant technological and financial challenges. • Process Adaptation: Conventional etching and chemical processes used for silicon are ineffective with graphite, necessitating the development of new methods specific to graphite. • Environmental Sensitivity: Graphite processors require strict environmental controls during manufacturing due to their sensitivity to humidity and temperature, adding complexity and cost to the production process. • Scale Challenges: These technical and operational complexities make scaling up graphite processor production both technically demanding and economically costly, limiting widespread adoption.

[@johnking9942]

Wow. That means pictures of kittys at light speed, high performance scams and non stop advertizing...... Can't wait.

[@mix1ro]

gaslight, gatekeep, graphene

[@northwestrepair]

phone not need charge for days ? Laptop not need charge for week ? This is BS because 75-90% of power is used by the SCREEN, not by the chip.

[@simon-pierrelussier2775]

2:52 Graphene can be, and usually is, a mix of molecules with various thickness (ie. different number of connected layers). The 1-layer graphene is called monolayer. There are other forms of graphene with gaps in the sheet(s), 3D arrangements, etc.

[@chen2868]

ColdFusion's technical videos are my favourite

[@kaneherbert2369]

When I hear people saying "your laptop could last a week" I instantly think of the thermodynamics involved with an accident. If we consider energy density, imagine 1 weeks worth of energy transferring in 1 minute. Graphine should be praised for its energy efficiency, laptops don't need to last a week. Small energies mean smaller accidents.

[@Heeroyui752]

Outstanding video and outstanding music.

[@alkeryn1700]

It feels like another one of those wonderful discovery you never end up seeing on the market.

[@EricMilward]

Wow amazing! Thank you for covering this!

[@drdvrm]

Hats off for making this as accessible as possible!

[@DeDandy]

Holy, this is incredible, I remember when I first heard of graphene. Now to actually see it being able to be used is amazing. I can't wait to see what all comes from this discovery.

[@PinkFloydTheDarkSide]

Oh that never ending graphene dream of human beings. Bread and butter of every science channels.

[@machinelearng]

Sounds like the boost the personal computer industry needed as well as computer systems for manufacturing

[@sharathatchandra]

8:01 Defect free or Deficit free?

[@chrisb4003]

Bring back the "t", cold fustion forever

[@AJFADEYI]

12:08 The Deus Ex Universe is arriving faster than ever before

[@classdatsite17]

At 8:02, it is defect-free not deficit-free, in semiconductor material, a defect is a discontinuity of crystal lattice, that can be caused by lattice mismatch, impurity, or something else.

[@amermeleitor]

What's GaN? How efficient is it? Is it used only for chargers bricks or is it used in high end chips? Is it a scam? I would love a video about GaN

[@kayakMike1000]

The first transistors were not just "switches", they were a transfering varistor. They only switch on completely when saturated. Transistors acting like switches is a special case where the switch saturates very easily.

[@ArthurOgawa-q9z]

The preprint mentioned in the notes is Zhao et al., Ultra-high mobility semiconducting epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide, Nature 625, 60-65 (2024). The novel material is _not_ actually graphene (a semi-metal), but the eponymous SEG, which is a monolayer chemically bonded to a SiC (silicon carbide) substrate; this bonding appears to be at the root of SEG being a semiconductor. The bandgap is measured at about 0.6 eV, which sets it apart from graphene. The material is doped, remarkably, with O_2 and features a mobilities of ca. 5000 cm^2/Vs, which is considered remarkable. The authors exhibit a FET fabricated with SEG as the channel material; it features an on/off ratio of ~10^4. The crux will lie in fabricating LSI-scale devices with this material. ~~~~Arthur Ogawa

[@Viperzka]

Moore's law has always been a specific use case of the more general law of accelerating returns. This basically means that every technological advance gives us the ability to build even better tools. The impact of this is that all tech has an exponential return. This tech, along with things like photonic chips and quantum computers, are going to allow us to continue growing our technology even as we are hitting the limits of silicon.

[@orusandornots1915]

Graphene works solve a lot of problems but it would also cost many industries a ton of money to swap over so we won't see any graphene ground breaking earth shattering products for a long while.

[@Scrogan]

Small band gap isn’t necessarily a problem, you just run lower core voltages, so long as you can make the FETs turn on at those voltages.

[@Aiasmor]

Science takes time. And it is very hard to get right. I''m glad some research is finally coming to fruition.

[@N0N0111]

We are still stuck in the age of electronic by electricity. Decades ago there was a company researching photonic chips, been very silent about it for decades now. One can only dream how many Tera Hertz they can do today!

[@DenDodde]

You mean that small unknown company Intel that do OCI? You know, the one that scream about it just about every 3 months? Get with the times my dude.

[@chiragpatel4253]

Yes most of the comments here are basically all saying the same thing. And the main reason we still haven’t gotten it, is because we can produce these materials in small scales. Mass manufacturing really is difficult.

[@nerdvision3587]

There is a mistake here. The switching voltage on normal silicon diodes and transistors is not 1.1 volts; it is 0.7 volts. There are diodes that require other voltages, such as LEDs and back diodes, and the MOSFETs used in high-end microprocessors now may require significantly higher voltages, but that is because MOSFETs (metal oxide silicon field effect transistors) control switching in a very different way (basically electrostatics, hence the term "field effect") from basic bijunction transistors wherein the switching voltage is directly related to the band gaps of doped silicon. Fancy processors now also generally don't do full-switching, stopping short of that to cycle faster and taking care of signals being somewhere between ideal 0 and 1 states by cleaning those up before they get too sketchy.

[@21111009198573]

You are watching coldfusion tv! Love hearing that great video!

[@Enivoke]

Even if that happens, the CPU companies will just milk the hell out of it. If they can really do 1000Ghz with this, I am sure we will start seeing 10Ghz and then 15 and then 20Ghz, it will probably take 10 years until they offer us 1Thz, even though it would be possible today!

[@j.d.4697]

😱 THIS is IT! This is just what we needed to get across the hurdle that's been slowing down progress in the IT field in recent years. This will pave the way to a proper high-tech future.