This Is How Your DNA Made You

DNA is the genetic instructions that tell your body where to put each finger and how to orient the heart, but how does this process work on a cellular level? In this episode, Patrick breaks down each step of the process and explains how you end up as you are.
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Our bodies are made up of organ systems, which are collections of organs. Our organs are made of tissues, and our tissues are made of cells, and those cells are made up of nonliving things like water, lipids, and proteins. And each of our cells make proteins that do different jobs in our body.
The pigment that makes your eye color is a protein. The keratin that builds your hair is a protein. But you also need to build proteins for a normal physiology, so you have instructions for proteins like antibodies and enzymes in your genes as well.
And we have approximately 25,000 genes in our bodies. Each of your genes holds the genetic instructions that tell a cell how to make a specific protein for a specific purpose, and in this episode of Human we find out exactly how that process works.
#genetics #DNA #genes #humanbody #physiology #humanseries #seeker
Read More:
Is eye color determined by genetics?
ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/traits...
“Eye color is determined by variations in a person’s genes. Most of the genes associated with eye color are involved in the production, transport, or storage of a pigment called melanin. Eye color is directly related to the amount and quality of melanin in the front layers of the iris.”
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Fact Sheet
www.genome.gov/about-genomics...
“Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that contains the biological instructions that make each species unique. DNA, along with the instructions it contains, is passed from adult organisms to their offspring during reproduction.”
Ribosomes, Transcription, and Translation
www.nature.com/scitable/topic...
“The genetic information stored in DNA is a living archive of instructions that cells use to accomplish the functions of life. Inside each cell, catalysts seek out the appropriate information from this archive and use it to build new proteins - proteins that make up the structures of the cell, run the biochemical reactions in the cell, and are sometimes manufactured for export.”
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This Seeker health miniseries will dive deep into the cellular structures, human systems, and overall anatomy that work together to keep our bodies going. Using the visual structure and quick pacing of Seeker’s Sick series, these human bio-focused episodes will give a new audience an inside look on what’s happening inside all of us.
Visit the Seeker website www.seeker.com
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Seeker on Twitter / seeker

[@Seeker]

Hi Seekers, thanks for watching! For more Human, check out our playlist here: bit.ly/HUMANplaylist

[@ubaruvictor]

‘TTAGGG’ those are the Telomere repeating base pairs.

[@jaru4719]

Yo I get not saying its aliens but you left out the most important thing, it spead up as it left

[@AliYasir5247]

the most confusing explanation ever made

[@dud3man6969]

Where are the instructions for making DNA?

[@tothewin5388]

May I ask a question?

[@dbrh404]

5' Thymine - Adenine Thymine - Adenine Adenine - Thymine Guanine - Cytosine Guanine - Cytosine Guanine - Cytosine 3' This is the sequence for telomeres.

[@RafaelMilewski]

Also known as guacamole

[@ZeroSpawn]

The end caps for chromosome.

[@daveCATpiano]

Isn't it amazing ? Aren't we ourselves amazing ?

[@gr3nn345]

I got loyalty got royalty inside my DNA

[@momon4868]

*God

[@rektlzz7808]

Yet no one is interested in me :(

[@ccreativghost8148]

@@rektlzz7808 God wants to have relationship with you but sadly u dont want him do you ??? Or you are not looking for that kind of relationship Read Bible

[@rektlzz7808]

@@ccreativghost8148 It was a joke dud

[@sebastianelytron8450]

I made a DNA joke in my biology class but no one laughed. Guess my thymine was off.

[@isaacnewton7424]

😅

[@isaacnewton7424]

@awesome guy 🤣 her comment made me laugh so hard.

[@tomkingston8886]

@DMoney Industry r/woosh

[@trrrmac]

@awesome guy she known she's just dont git it :v

[@floydnelson92]

@awesome guy funny thing is, I didn't really get the joke until DMoney Industry commented that; I was thinking "shouldn't it be their thymine, not his?".

[@theminiscript6595]

At 5:00 5' TTAGGG 3' is a telomeric repeat sequence found in mammals bound by proteins called shelterins

[@0ctoLover]

Correction: I am a delicious dessert!

[@anoop5611]

I eat delicious desserts

[@816Zanny]

Both facts... 😳😳

[@0ctoLover]

Tuxedo wolf nope, sorry dude, you’re gay now. 😚

[@magicland2817]

I eat delicious desserts 🍨🍮🧁

[@cakeslayer8412]

Jiggle (joke)

[@ThexBorg]

Finally a detail explanation of the process that is clear and concise. :-)

[@RoXon007]

Still not fully explained !

[@DayonBledsoe2000]

@@RoXon007 Here’s one to burst your bubble, dna dosnt contain letters, they’ve lied to you.

[@marymutunga2933]

Not gonna lie, seeker thumbnails r fire🔥

[@aaquib608]

I'm a Genetics Masters student and I'm still intrigued by the way Patrick explains the basics of genetics. Totally love this new series Humans. Can't wait for more episodes.!!🙌

[@DayonBledsoe2000]

Here’s one to burst your bubble, dna dosnt contain letters, they’ve lied to you.

[@suvikhyasiingh6073]

Hey SEEKER! I want you people in my college 😭😭😭😭🙏🙏🙏🙏 you people explain these concepts so well. I love you💝

[@DeathValleyDazed]

This is the best explanation of DNA that I’ve come across on KZbin and I’ve watched many tutorials and am still struggling to grasp the entire concept so thanks for excellent teaching skills!

[@DayonBledsoe2000]

Here’s one to burst your bubble, dna dosnt contain letters, they’ve lied to you.

[@mickberry164]

I am so glad other people study this and understand it. I was lost somewhere around two minutes in. Very happy to know that others are on top of it. This frees me to concentrate on being a musician for a living. I wonder if my DNA consists of a lousy ability to understand DNA, but then also a great ability to play a 3 over 4 polyrhythm in a minor Blues scale, and modulate one half note up without missing a beat.

[@hosoiarchives4858]

He explained it very poorly

[@grahammcdonald]

So incredible. Thanks so much!

[@blueberrylane8340]

This channels videos are one of life's pleasures.

[@Omnifarious0]

The creme brulee analogy seems broken. Creme brulee doesn't make itself. Also, this perpetuates the myth that genes neatly describe a set of instructions that can be understood like a recipe (i.e. this is the gene for x kind of thinking). For an example, fur color and disposition seem to be linked traits in foxes. The protein that controls fur color also affects brain structure. This is not a result that would be at all predicted by the recipe analogy. I don't know that our culture currently possesses an easily digestible analogy that neatly captures complex self-organizing systems in which a bunch of tiny rules interact in very complex ways for a variety of unpredictable and surprising results. But the description of transcription is nifty. One other really nifty thing to know about ribosomes is that they are made of RNA and protein, not just proteins like most of our molecular machinery. It suggests an abiogenesis in which RNA played a significant role, since ribosomes are so fundamental and universal.

[@FlashBO7]

Ok boomer

[@Omnifarious0]

@@FlashBO7 - Did you mistakenly reply to the wrong post or on the wrong video?

[@FlashBO7]

Eric Hopper no I mistakenly reply to a wrong person

[@aykay1468]

true! One problem with analogies is that they never perfectly represent the subject matter, only view it through a more simplified and distorted lens. Unfortunately, making the analogy any more complex for the sake of accuracy would hurt its effectiveness in transcribing the meaning to a larger audience.

[@TalkinKush]

You said whole lot of nothing in this essay. You contradicted yourself multiple times. You don’t understand biology. At last, okay boomer.

[@B00s3]

Thank You Seeker! I've been watching since the DNews days, love learning from all of you.

[@StellarAudyssey]

Same.. DNews was always an unfortunate name

[@GK-qc5ry]

I already knew most of this through school but it's still astonishing how it all works in the background with no "brain" organising it. The CRISPR machine blows my mind.

[@prashantsingh8045]

Awesome analogy + animation

[@wnderer4365]

5'TTAGGG3' is TELOMERE

[@jessicagomez4203]

How ??

[@BadassBeazly]

I get lost with all the abstract explanations and terms and how they relate to each other. I will never be a medical professional or scientist. Still , I have always tried my best to get a basic understanding of the universe around me. I have always been fascinated with things I know nothing (or exceedingly little) about. Your videos touch on these basic/complex concepts and feed my curiosity to keep looking for more. Thank you !

[@ironqueen_osrs]

repeated TTAGGG sections are telomeres, they influence how often a cell can divide :)

[@MooseSquirrelGirl]

This video brought back so many good memories of junior year IB biology for me 😂❤️

[@BusinessMadhouse]

Interesting topic. Excited for the new video Wish to learn and improve my channel!

[@aaronjulien7331]

"proteins give your eyes their color" Me: steaming inside "NOT BLUE I'M SPECIAL"

[@marcel3585]

Saaaaame mate

[@yusufkurdi3582]

Thank you so much for this ❤️ 💚 👏 👍

[@mariopokefan]

You guys forgot to mention that the RNA, which is created right after the RNA polymerase finished it's job, is actually the pre-mRNA. The introns (non-coding parts) get removed in a process called splicing. Afterwards, a Poly-A tail gets added to the 3' end and a cap-region is added to the 5' end. This is important because the mRNA would be disassembled in the cytoplasm without the Poly-A tail and the cap region.This only applies to eucaryotes though.

[@ruan_pr_theron]

I recently watched Unnatural Selection on Netflix, genes are just so amazing! It's a bit scary what CRISPR is capable of, but still facinating. Thanks for the video!

[@MahaAdel71]

Bravo and thanks a lot

[@dhiahassen9414]

I would really like to know , how DNA encodes 3D data of body shape , I already have some hints about it , like cells use Cilia protien on their membrane to know their 3D position , and cilia does some singnaling that interacts with the DNA , but it would be pretty cool if we know how DNA encodes topological data , thus we can tell how some organs can endup malformed

[@torbjornandersson5997]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/d3SVkIZjrMh9m9U

[@franciscojavierrodriguezsi6765]

Maaaaaaaaaaany thanks Patrick. This was a great video.

[@shaliniravi_always]

Thankyou sir !!!! Now only i understand about DNA .....

[@HimanshuKumar-ic8nz]

Thanks a lot sir💓

[@Spkr4TRUTH]

I don’t understand how macro evolution could explain how all these molecular machines could have arisen at the same time and had such complexity to create all the systems in a organism. The more we uncover, the more it seems to me that we have precise and highly tuned coding that points to intelligent design, whether that be hologram theory or being fearfully and wonderfully made by a creator. But I don’t think those two are mutually exclusive scenarios, could be the same thing. Our world never ceases to amaze me whatever the case. PS- these are just my thoughts, I know everyone has their own. And I respect that. Have a great day awesome people

[@FreedomAnderson]

There is no evidence supporting the existence of a creator. What created that being?

[@MrMOGHammer]

Appearance of design does not mean it has a designer. With evolution what remains is what we see today. It surely did not start as well “designed” at first. Most of the primary cells that ever existed never evolved passed unicellular stage. Scientists are pretty sure only one cell actually ended up creating every living thing we know of. What appears as intelligent design is just a byproduct of a long chain of mutations and selection. What we get is a purified version of the first cells. Still plenty of useless stuff in most DNA strands that is vestigial from a long time ago.

[@ClassicJukeboxBand]

You must be a christian. Only christians make comments like this...

[@rubiks6]

I'm still waiting for you to tell us how DNA instructs cells to form an eye - as you promised at the beginning of the video.

[@MikhailTrunovich]

Super explanantion!

[@DheerajSukumaran]

the explanation is detailed yes but how do these polymerase and ribosome know what to do. what is triggering their reaction?

[@infinateU]

dont forget to add in a mix up of some COSMIC RAYS with gluons that tend to interact with RIGHT Handed particle configurations.

[@JustaReadingguy]

Since these are too small to see, how do thay figure all these mechanisms out? That would make a very interesting video.

[@adityachandranart]

I haven't heard a better explanation then this.

[@DaBlondDude]

'Usually in that order?' I've never been compared to tasty food before, I'm flattered.

[@pigmentrich224]

The ribosome is made of what material?

[@ganerdeneuurtsaih9953]

My favourite case

[@dewsjievpdav6557]

The DNA polymerase doesn't separate/unzip the DNA strands, a protein called Helicase does that.

[@LORDMEMESTER420]

There’s a great animation showing this molecular machinery in action to scale and in real time. Look up a ted talk called drew berry animation of unseeable biology. Mind blowing stuff!

[@MrPlastkort]

did you make the A T C G brownian motions on purpose ?

[@clise2699]

7:52 Well played

[@triwahyuu]

one question, how long does the process of reading dna to a ready made protein take? from my understanding in how computers execute a code, the process is pretty much instantaneous

[@jaykomp9597]

Replicating and making pre m-RNA showed in the video takes matter of seconds for reading 50 to 70 neuceotides. Next process (splicing) may take a few minutes Next process (translation) may take seconds for reading 50 anticodons. So it would take depending on the size few minutes

[@Vionbringer]

Also a Ttaggg is a 'telomere', whose real word equivalent at the end of a shoe string is called an 'aglet'.

[@Shaden0040]

This is a telomere or ending sequence for coded DNA strands and tell the repair parts of the Cell not to fix beyond this point. Specifically this is a telomerase coding.

[@emilymorano2923]

Yall broke this down so well schools should be taking notes😂😂😂

[@Nyambui]

More DNA content please!

[@duckcheese6771]

"you are not a delicious dessert sadly" 1:06

[@hiareeb]

"What are you?" "An idiot sandwich"

[@anubhabgoswami9093]

First tell me one thing... This channel has around 48 lakhs subscribers but why views are only about 77k... I mean these videos are so cool nd well thought of... Why no one watches it....😕

[@infinateU]

Considering the "electric Theory" and the "Solar Particle Forcing" Mechanism of course.

[@indianallrounder]

Who loves his DNA?

[@AionAeon]

I love my quarks and beyond

[@DMOTAMNB]

Racists.

[@b.j.880]

or, you know, everyone else who isn't self loathing.

[@KlimovArtem1]

Wow, that was very clear and informative, thank you! I have a question. Do cells have a mechanism of restoring RNA if it’s damaged (by a virus, for example)? Like, can it detect that RNA is not a true copy of DNA anymore and re-make it?

[@jaykomp9597]

No. However, the DNA has enzymes ready to check whether there is any errors in the DNA sequence. Like when there GT instead of GC.

[@22f94]

@@jaykomp9597 and what does the check lead to?

[@jaykomp9597]

@@22f94 The check leads to cutting of the RNA to prevent it from being transcribed to proteins which conducts all the actions we see. For further reading, such mechanisms can be seen in Si-RNA and micro RNA for regulating what is made in you. The field is called epigenetics

[@diehgu]

Loved how handsome the presenter is and how much I love his voice ☺️😍🙈

[@thetacoguyy]

Rainbow Sushi u childish

[@tony9622]

U forgot to say no homo bro

[@thetacoguyy]

Rainbow Sushi u stink like fish

[@creeperthekingcreeper8234]

Omg you guys are so childish. Anyone is allowed to say someone is beutifull. No matter the sexuality. 🙄

[@malvinderkaur4187]

The very fact that some of the deadliest diseases thrive in our bodies tell us that our bodies are capable of playing host to them,instead of throwing them out or stopping them from growth.

[@mikerupe1642]

5'ttaggg3' is for telomeres it seems or telomerease

[@KaiAdinCooper]

Telomeres! Or the overhang at the end of it!

[@idancohen4753]

Oh telomeres! Niiiice!

[@aasharyajain88]

The videos had audio problem There is a gap and pitch problem

[@asusa555lfgaming9]

"Mitochondria is power house of the cell."

[@Kevin-um1nq]

I had to look it up, but 5' TTAGGG 3' is the code for telomeres, which are present at the ends of each chromatid.

[@joneswinner9378]

Hi I really appreciate your work I have a question If the all cells in any creature have the same sequence of DNA What make the cell unique and differentiate What makes that cell a skin cell and the other one is gland cell And thank you very much

[@jaykomp9597]

All cells in the human body have the same chromosome as you have stated. A skin cell will activate a certain part of the chromosome for replication and make the helicase and RNA polymerase to bind and conduct transcription. When I say activate, this is what I mean: There are promotor codons and control codons before the gene. These condons needs certain situations for it to make the gene be promoted to get replicated and inhibited to prevent it to be replicated. These "certain situation" are controlled by the cell and its environment. So here, we can stimulate certain factors for a stem cell to grow as a skin cell by promoting certain genes and inhibiting others.

[@saumitrachakravarty]

@Seeker 5:01 5'TTAGGG3' is vertebrate telomere sequence. Repeated thousands of times at the ends of human chromosomes. Where is my treat?

[@lukaszimmermann4795]

Freue mich schon richtig auf die Koch Videos mit den Jungs von Pietsmiet!

[@kyleemaple1244]

TTAGGG are the nitrogen bases, thymine adenine and guanine. The replicate as AATCCC and transcribe as UUAGGG :)

[@wyattx008]

Wow I felt like a Genius there for like 30 seconds. Haha.

[@alikims]

Is it known where exactly in the DNA the information about what organs we have and where they need to be is?

[@rtswift]

If a always pairs with t and g with c how does an embryo get two different sequences from the sperm and egg? Wouldn't they just be the same?

[@jaykomp9597]

The sequence of T,C,G and A in the father and mother chromosome could be different (of course if both parents had black eyes then they would have the same alleles (same sequence) if this gene only coded for the eye colour)

[@mwabaj9444]

Damn Oliver Queen sure knows his biology.

[@juddotto3660]

My eyes change between blue green and grey, please explain?

[@goonercestlavie]

Des informations intéressantes.

[@mr.anirbangoswami]

Oui 🌚

[@jesucristojesus3676]

the sequence for your cooking recipe means. 5 Tomatoes tartar sauce avocados green onions green peppers gelatin 300 degree oven MAKES A PERFECT HUMAN😂🤣😂🤣😂

[@andreasuslar7412]

you should try my first, to say that "I'm not a delicious dessert" >.-

[@finspin8577]

What do you can an indecisive organelle? A Mightochondria.

[@rzo2271]

How those instructions exist? How those seemingly similar DNA and protein able to differentiate on what cells they're going to be? And going to the right place like where cells that made eyes supposed to be?

[@jaykomp9597]

This is a simplified video sadly 😪

[@FreedomAnderson]

"Those beautiful brown eyes of yours" I must be colour blind, because I thought they were blue.

[@furonwarrior]

We need a written copy of our DNA when we are young, so we can overwrite our older and corrupted DNA with our younger DNA.

[@DoctaOsiris]

My eyes 👀 change colour all the time from brown to green, and when I was a kid I had tons of freckles across my nose and under my eyes, but as I got into double digits in age they started to dissappear, just some of the weird things that can happen to more people than you think 🤔

[@volemslanine334]

But how Ribosome reads RNA? What is the mechanic behind this?

[@MrMOGHammer]

Probably chemical?

[@IO-hh3gw]

1:06 YES I'm not a dessert! IM THE WHOLE DAMN MEAL B*TCH!!!

[@bengalurubullsfullycharged7183]

Deoxy ribhose nuclic acid.dna.teaches us venkatesh sir in pu.tq sir.

[@clarencewright9841]

I thein DNA was form by Electromagnetic Radiation the same way we transmit information for television and are able to transmit information on those wave, notice DNA molecule shape like an Electromagnet wave in its double helix

[@naposalvo]

TTAGGG is the base sequence of telomeres, the so-called caps at the end of chromosomes. Telomeres are shorten everytime the DNA is duplicated, dictating the life span of a cell. Certain carcer have the ability to restore telomeres, kick starting cell duplication, an advantage for the cancerous cell. At the same time, scientist are studying how restore telomeres as anti-aging strategy. What a great time for science!

[@JacquesTaillefer]

TTAGGG is the end of the chromosome called telomere. It shorthens after every cell division i.e. one cause of aging...

[@EverythingScience]

When you heart a comment, the outline disappears... Wait, this isn't Tik Tok....

[@MarrsAttax]

Where did the ribosomes come from?

[@veneec2311]

Can dna can be changed based on the food we eat

[@toms3142]

This would have helped me pass biology class

[@hasibryan]

So how can I tell my DNA to give me extra two hands?

[@lucface]

It sucks many youtubers undervalue memorizing lines in videos. I guess it’s to do with closeups and budgets, possibly time considerations as well. But I get so distracted by watching people’s eyes jump around reading teleprompters that I can’t watch. My ADD starts firing. Pulls me right out. So I listen, but then I miss some of the other useful content.

[@Craigy2818]

Isn't Tryptophan responsible for helping to produce melatonin efficiently?

[@targeted-individualdallas-9963]

Cool video other than all the v2k. This doesn’t actually explain the creation of dna just the semantics of rna to dna and o-chem of dna. Radial bodies from the holographic integration in to ones being via phosphorus cells from rna to mRNA to dna may have something to do with it as radial bodies are radiation bodies and the foundation of ones holographic energies as all of a form of energy and all energy = holograms.

[@gregorymurunga8046]

still cloudy as much as we know about dna they are many questions and missing links

[@kartikgupta1777]

Science is not just Biology @Seeker. Pls upload other science, innovation,tech, planet saving stuff

[@delly5619]

We don't have to make a smart robot. Just mix a rock, water, electricity, and exposure of the sun. Wait until a million years and smart creatures will appear.

[@nv3981]

This could be a class at school, easy

[@Samuel-bd1ms]

How does a cell know which part of the DNA is useful for itself?