Time Team S11-E09 Wittenham,.Oxon

[@englishmaninfrance661]

Phil "come out wherever you are " , Tony " no newts is good newts ". The genius humour of these programs made them an absolute muust watch . But I was at the height of my working career , so being able to catch up with some I missed is a delight .

[@randolphpeacock]

Canadian here. Lived in England for a few years. Even got to dig my own test pit in my own garden in 2004 when time team did one of their big digs. Never got to see or meet any of the cast or crew. Still was a very cool time for me. Didn't get any finds. But I dug me a good hole. I thought of Phil the whole time.

[@helenwerner3195]

How exciting! I'm envious you got to be a little part of Time Team!

[@Jigger2361]

@Jimmy L Needham ... interesting comment from a moron apparently interested in archaeology

[@johnmoss6631]

Jigger2361, it’s not worth wasting time responding to comments by the ignorant.

[@krbailess]

The best quote of the entire life of the series is Phil’s “If I was a self-respecting newt, I would’ve legged it out of here.”

[@kathysenn7664]

With Mr Robinson's final remark about not finding 'a single one", Phil's words were spot on!! I imagine they packed their satchels, grabbed their walking sticks and "legged it" out as fast as their little newt legs could manage! 😃

[@th-pw8pn]

@@kathysenn7664 They could have just got better... :-D

[@OstblockLatina]

Seeing countless human communities insisting on populating the areas troubled with endless earthquakes, volcanic eruptions etc. and refusing to leave regardless of how unbearable those conditions they make their existence, I can hardly blame animals of the intellect of a newt not to know any better.

[@elizabethfrance3237]

Phil Harding is a national treasure. Did he get his "Sir" title yet?

[@anntee9036]

No newts is good newts😂😂😂

[@5chr4pn3ll]

I really liked this one. Lots of experts discussing is really interesting, and no unnecessary drama.

[@mercedes523]

That newt hunt was hilarious!

[@rhoddryice5412]

I love episodes that cover centuries or even thousands of years. Only thing missing was some knackered flint

[@lisatwitchell403]

FYI Just watched this episode and noticed in people's comments they didn't think newts would be in open fields. Wikipedia lists these as terrestrial newts that live in scrub and and other such places including hay fields within a few hundred meters of water.

[@lindawitherspoon446]

Such a wonderful series.

[@Go-Dawgs]

My favorite show! Wish I lived in England. Francis Pryor is the one I enjoy most, always happy & optomistic & truly enjoys all the work! Thank you sir

[@teriwood9657]

I like him too. Probably cuz he reminds me of my Dad.

[@kitlet6584]

may I say again, for every video you put up and every time I watch them, Thank You!

[@blinkventure6497]

am I the only one that hoped when he said "we have a bit of a problem with some newts", I wanted him to say "well it got better" lol

[@sidhu7032]

Oh that's brilliant!

[@fredgrove4220]

I lived in the vale of Evesham as a kid, and collecting newts was a common pastime, but I have never seen newts in a hay field. The only place we ever found them were in ponds or wet ditches, as they are amphibians.

[@fdentay]

Good point. I grew up on the edge of Salisbury Plains and we used to collect newts on the plains... there were dew ponds scattered around (shallow indentations made by man and lined with pitch so that rain and dew could gather for the roaming cattle and sheep to drink). So I Googled it... "A newt is a salamander in the subfamily Pleurodelinae. The terrestrial juvenile phase is called an eft. Unlike other members of the family Salamandridae, newts are semiaquatic, alternating between aquatic and terrestrial habitats."

[@Thelostgoldhunters]

I used to often find them while digging my grandma's garden in Stratford on Avon, nowhere near any water. We also used to catch them in n "Birds pit" which was later filled in with rubbish and a shopping centre built on top. So much for conservation...

[@piccalillipit9211]

What an amazing landscape that was...

[@kikufutaba1194]

I was 10 years old when Time Team was canceled. I still wish they had come to Japan so I could have seen them work in person.

[@Bloopbliepbloop]

You’ll probably wont read this, but is there perhaps a japanese time team equivalent or a japanese archeology show/documentary series? I like archeology, love Japan and i’m also studying japanese, so this could be win-win-win😊

[@MiaHerssens]

​@@Bloopbliepbloop why don't you set this up?

[@Thelostgoldhunters]

There is a hill fort to the SE of Wittenham clumps, in a conifer plantation. I used to play there as a kid...

[@GrahamCLester]

Finally, an explanation of loom weights for dummies!

[@JulianneTure]

How I love British understatement: “A bit of a problem with some newts.” 😁

[@tammydriver5759]

"If I was a self respecting newt, I would've legged it". (Phil) LOL

[@bettygreenhansen]

Tammy Driver “if he had any legs left” (John) 😂

[@machellep1]

No newts is good newts

[@TheNyah5]

„This wasn‘t in the contract!“ - „Once the area has been denewted,...“ 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@JETWTF]

The origins of pottery... I think it was noticing clay that was used in making a fire pit (along with rocks but those are not the focus) gets hard and holds it's shape when next to the fire in the pit. After a few fires you might find a bit of clay that holds the shape of the rock it was covering, then you form something out of the same clay and put it into the fire and get pottery. Next you make bowls and beakers and soon all sorts of pots.

[@ellethekitty]

"no newts is good newts." lol (thanks, also from Canada)

[@bukster1]

In New Zealand, we call this a Maori Pa type fort. The design is very similar.

[@OstblockLatina]

What works well in one place, works just as well in another. It's like a convergent evolution of human technology.

[@stannousflouride8372]

The dig on Round Hill is here: 51.628624ºN, 1.183946ºW The fields to the southwest show the banjo enclosure crop marks quite clearly.

[@ndotgw]

Did you note the crop marks to the NW in the bend of the Thames? Pretty darn amazing!

[@stannousflouride8372]

Yeah, I did. One of the frustrating things about Google Earth is that one never knows what time of year the piece of earth you want to look at was photographed. So some have great crop/parch marks and others are just lush green.

[@dookyboogerflicker2223]

+Stannous Flouride You shouldnt have given those coordinates. This is my property.

[@stannousflouride8372]

You mean the coordinates that are on Wikipedia and the Ch 4 site? Yeah, good luck with suppressing that information.

[@dookyboogerflicker2223]

Stannous Flouride I didnt know this. I will be calling internal affairs at channel 4 and contacting wikipedia. I was wondering why so many people were coming around having sex and getting drunk on the dig site. There are used condoms all over my field.

[@djspbb]

When I hear the word newt, my next thought is, "I got bettah."

[@mamavswild]

LMAO!’ 😂😂😂

[@mattkaustickomments]

Me too.

[@TubbyTuber93]

To anyone rewatching these, please help me note at 42:27 from the top left corner of the shot if you don't see something light passing across the top margin. It was a moment of distraction that lead me to glance up there and now I'm more curious than ever.

[@roswithaprochazka912]

I think it's the shadow of a plane. There is something in the background noise that sounds like airplane engines.

[@Roaproductiondk]

Thanks for the upload

[@sageemma]

Where is Gussie Fink Nottle when you need him?

[@sgrannie9938]

I was wondering if anyone else would make that connection 👍 I heard ‘newts’ and immediately thought ‘Gussie!’ 😁

[@nickrich56]

... Johns' comment at the end was an indication as to who was buying rounds at the pub that night ... for sure.

[@deetsy4jesus]

I thought the same, I'm also pretty sure he would do it. They're all a fun bunch. Would love to have a beer with any of those guys.

[@gwendolynfish2102]

Oh Phil, you have better looking legs than I do!

[@pameladeglow5839]

Actually, his legs have some killer manscaping too.

[@stephenvince9994]

I would suggest surgery then...

[@Jigger2361]

..he uses a cream consisting of Eye of Newt

[@eboracum2012]

@@pameladeglow5839 They're a bit bare for me and too smooth. Men should have hair on their chests and hair on their legs, I can't help it. Doesn't have to be a lot and I know trousers and socks can wear it off, but not shaved. Manscaping is for unsightly back hair and what I call young narcissists. Both my daughters love that smooth look but not their old mother!!

[@MrAmptech]

If the infant died during winter, it can be very difficult to dig a grave.

[@lilianevanfrankrijk7490]

How often does southern England have such an extended hard freeze?

[@nancytimmer9026]

​@@lilianevanfrankrijk7490 only had to be once when the child died.

[@upsydasyme3351]

Hey I see a bunch of Canadians like me are as addicted to TT as I am. Good to know, LOL. This newt issue is so very British and I love it. The first time I visited the U.K. their biggest issue of the day was how to get the hedgehogs to hibernate due to global warming. I could just imagine scientist skulking in the bushes with their little mini syringes trying to put the poor creatures to sleep!

[@lil-meow-max]

i grew up near there , and spent many a happy summer riding down the hills on bycicles , nice to learn what was once there

[@AmmaLittleOwl]

I'm a TT fan from Mini Canada South aka Minnesota. We'd love to be annexed, thank you.

[@basstrammel1322]

+brinbrin62 62200 I would imagine there be lots and lots and even more! Native canadians have lived there for thousand of years. And maybe there is proof of viking settlements?

[@robb2055]

brinbrin62 62200 people love watching oak island. I'm America and feel like we have no archeology of any age at all compared to England after watching after TT.

[@trishamason1855]

@@robb2055 we have millineum of archeology here on the N American continent. It's just until 600 years ago it all belongs to First Nations, Native Peoples and maybe a few Scandinavians. So much of it on the east coast has been greatly built over, scraped out, or plowed away. And, of course, thieved, which still goes on today. There are some truly fantastic digs, though all across the North and South continents. Some pretty fantastic civilizations lived, thrived and passed on before Northern Europeans ever got here, and left behind brilliant archeology.

[@chriswarren1618]

Great Dig here. Good job Tony didn't find his'Bodies', or you could have asked 'which field?', 'Oh, you mean, the one by the cops(e)'! Or as 'Bones' would say: 'its worse than that, he's dead, Tony'

[@mattkaustickomments]

21:04. “People have NEVER been like that.” Ancient Carthage: “Hold my honey mead”

[@CravingCanada]

Love time team!! (Also from Canada)

[@beatricetreadwell5785]

“...but no newts is good newts.” 🤦🏻‍♀️😂😂😂

[@22101museum]

Thanks from Canada

[@toypupanbai3544]

I've never seen a newt that wasn't near a pond!

[@ronaldderooij1774]

Toy Pupanbai I have never seen a newt at all... And there are shure enough ponds here.

[@kenmackenzie9385]

Found a group of smooth newts under some stone a few years back but there wasn't water nearby. They probably hibernated over winter under the stone but the nearest water was a farm reservoir some 600 yards away. I'd be surprised to find crested newts on that side of Wittenham Clumps. The north and east sides are far more likely, at the base of the Clumps is the river Thames and it's flood meadows along with the odd pond.

[@fdentay]

Newts are semiaquatic, alternating between aquatic and terrestrial habitats.

[@VIIStar]

29:38 - there's a rainbow behind them XD

[@achtungcircus]

I had a newt problem. She turned me into one.

[@ellethekitten]

"i got better."

[@dookyboogerflicker2223]

+achtungcircus Monty shall never die. We the people shall not allow it :)

[@truthseekercanada]

Well she does weigh as much as a duck. What did you expect?

[@aussiebloke609]

You mean she's made of wood? BURN THE WITCH!

[@areyouavinalaff]

9:25 they mow the grass then search for chopped newt.

[@WashuHakubi4]

Did they find any evidence of Iron Age newts?

[@Jigger2361]

lol!!!

[@Ana_crusis]

gussie finknottle?

[@josephwolfe1833]

seems to be a reference to "Jeeves and Wooster" - what I thought of when the newt was first mentioned.

[@spikemullins1845]

You sir, are an academic

[@ianscott9396]

"She turned me into a newt"

[@PaulMahon-w2b]

Hopefully you've gotten better 😂😂

[@WOLFROY47]

i was brought up in surrey and newts were very common, but now days they seem to be extremely rare, but ive never heard an explanation why ? we certainly get enough rain , and plenty of insects, and the summers were longer than now weather wise, and it could get quite hot, but still plenty of newts, i dont buy the lack of ponds theory, as nearly every village still has its pond, and there are still plenty of streams and pathway water ditches

[@Psychlist1972]

Until I watched Time Team, I had no idea how important ditches and pot are to archaeology.

[@bethbartlett5692]

Did you mean "pot" or "pots" or "pottery"? Could be a range of difference ... 😁

[@Psychlist1972]

@@bethbartlett5692 They always refer to them as "sherds of pot". I wonder if they're covering themselves a little there. ;)

[@claidheamhdalaimh3694]

At 15:23 it shows that Francis Pryor is an Iron Age Specialist. In all of the previous episodes he has been a Bronze Age Specialist. Is he both, or does he just change his qualifications to fit the dig he is on at the time?

[@martynnotman3467]

He is a bronze age specialist mostly due to being in charge at the important bronze age site of flag fen But before flag fen he was digging all sorts including lots of Iron age sites.

[@goreyfantod5213]

The thing that popped out to me was Pryor suggesting the Iron Age people might have been growing corn. Corn? Maize is a New World plant - Iron Age people in the UK wouldn't have known what corn was until the late 1400s, let alone been growing it. Strikes me that archaeologists & anthropologists (and biologists, historians, etc.), need to communicate more.

[@kimepp2216]

@@goreyfantod5213it seems the british refer to all grain as corn.

[@ebybeehoney]

They've also identified him as a pre-history specialist. So that would cover both bronze and iron age.

[@ebybeehoney]

@@goreyfantod5213 - but they called barley "corn" in Britain and that's how maize got named wrong when they saw it in the New World.

[@angelitabecerra]

I mean, even mowing high the wheels would kill any newts that couldn't leg it in time

[@debbieboring3422]

Why would any newts stay around with all that noise going on?

[@PaulA-os9pb]

Funny show this one was. No newts is good newts. Then little girl walks across scene at about minute 34. Looked a little lost but must have been ok

[@therushingman]

Check out the December 30, 2004, Google Earth image of the field NNW of this site: 51.643611, 1.195556. You can clearly see a track running through the field toward a pond with round and square features on each side of the track. I wonder how it ties into the hills...

[@franzrogar]

21:10 People wouldn't ever do that... in ancient times... So many examples in this "modern" age that contradicts, sadly, that statement...

[@maxb4074]

to de-newt, is that a verb?

[@trishamason1855]

So if it weren't for the women cooking, weaving, storing crops for future cooking and planting, you wouldn't have much of a clue about dating these post holes and beam slots, eh?

[@WashuHakubi4]

If it weren't for the men being sloppy and dropping things on the floor; or the men being lazy and tossing things out the back door; or the men killing their enemies and leaving their disarticulated bodies all over the place, you wouldn't be able to date much of anything, eh?

[@malinlindqvist3455]

Anyone else thinks professor Tim Allen looks just like the neighbour Jim in 'Friday night dinner'? I'm surprised everytime he says something coherent.

[@SandraNelson063]

I'm worried about this channel, what with the YT purges happening.

[@MjC7192]

23:14 @Francis Pryor...,you are wrong people can and sometimes are exactly like that throughout history

[@SandraNelson063]

I look at that landscape and ask myself Where's the water source? All that activity for hundreds of years, all those people homesteading there. Where was the water?

[@lil-meow-max]

the river thames runs on the opposite side of the hill to where they wee digging

[@SandraNelson063]

Schnitz Davidson Aha!!!

[@vincerussett7922]

Yes, people are always asking me this: where did they get water? Well, for a start, you didn't need nearly as much as we washing-obsessed modern humans do. The stock: you take them to the nearest watering place (river, spring or pond), maybe a couple of times a day, or just let them find it themselves, and a couple of well-trained dogs will keep the wolves and bears away: and for the humans - consider Britain's best-known feature - water falls out of the sky pretty regularly, and can be stored in barrels or even clay-lined pits.

[@davekinghorn9567]

So. Mic abandoned the summit due to 'tree cover'. So is the real reason the 3 day time constraint? Because they can't get a machine digger in up there and it would take forever to dig thru all those roots by hand?

[@ediefolta9494]

Poor Tony really wanted to find his apse.

[@Richard-nu1sv]

Why only 3 days?

[@katherinevanruyven8941]

Richard originally because Mick Aston worked a day job teaching

[@CompetitiveAudio]

Richard When the Time Team show was in development, Mick Aston, the head archeologist of the show, was ask how long would it take to get an idea of how the archeology of a site would fit together. His response "three days". That's the premise of the 3 day concept a quick "look about" of the archeological clues at a site with the solution developed from that. Research always continued after the major cast members, and camera crew left, either by local archeological groups, universities, or English Heritage groups..It's archeology for attention deficit audiences.

[@phoule76]

mustached archeologist = MVP

[@imapaine-diaz4451]

Great crested nits, seeking great crested newts! LOL

[@PaulBish]

We didn't find a single newt...

[@DragonFae16]

Considering the high rate of infant mortality, I suspect that ancient people viewed children very differently from how we do today. If you knew that your child only had a one in four chance of making it to age five (don't know if those were the actual statistics) it's likely you wouldn't allow yourself to become too deeply attached until they passed that danger period. You'd still love them, but maybe they'd only be known by a pet name or something and only given their true name once they were old enough that you were confident they would survive into adulthood.

[@laurie4275]

29:27 I spot a rainbow! 😊

[@elizabethschaeffer9543]

What is that racket so much louder than the program that introduces each segment

[@vincerussett7922]

I assume you mean the 'tribal drum' noise? It's abstracted from the theme music of TT (which has altered subtly over the years). I suspect at any gathering of archaeologists in the UK, the TT them would dampen eyes...

[@Headwind-1]

woooooo . . .a monster

[@PaulBish]

Matt was a great addition and much neglected by TimeTeamers.

[@chrisedy9116]

I saw a Nute in the bucket of dirt going into the Truck

[@DanKetchum007]

Kid does photobomb at 34:15.

[@Songbirdstress]

Near the beginning of there was a rainbow photobombing also 😀

[@benediktmorak4409]

a new word from Phil for the english language dictionary -denewted-...

[@NotEnoughBooks]

Like “denuded” but with more leg and tail

[@davidscottcallahan7105]

51°39'15.96"N 1°11'9.34"W Look at these crop marks (via Google Earth) not too many miles away along the banks of the River Thames!

[@barbmcconnaughey3070]

9:45 field crawling?

[@Invictus13666]

Considering the number of times it was explained, kind of a dumb comment.

[@susannebrown3255]

💗👍🏽

[@carmineredd1198]

now I know what that gypsy meant by beware the newt

[@adamsjerome1839]

No newt's is good newt's. Very, very bad Tony.

[@davidtownsend6092]

"Id dig that" **wink* -john

[@Roaproductiondk]

From Denmark :)

[@Jaqueli9er]

If nowadays babies die from Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) why can't that be one of the possibilities in this baby's case? It's something still without an explication to why it happens, but it happens. Also, it is possible the baby died from asphixia if he slept with the parents (my grand uncle and my grand aunt had a baby back in the 1920's and they didn't have a crib, and their baby actually suffocated while sleeping between the 2 of them). Babies are super delicate, and when I looked into the death certificates while researching my family tree, 80% of the documents I found were from babies that died during birth or right after (most of them were listed as stillborn, but some had more than a day of life, so not stillborn, just died too soon)

[@cjamthepatricianakabilldoo7852]

Newt problem get Baldrick to have a word with the prince regent who can talk Bertie Wooster’s friend spink bottle

[@glutinousmaximus]

... for archaeologists, life is the pits.

[@karmicpopcorn6440]

Too funny! No newts. I just can't believe there's nothing on that round hill. It's too good a prospect. I know there's tons of trees making it impossible and they did find lots of goodies, but still....

[@markgarin6355]

One might assume that long term inhabitation and human waste would have made the necessity of closing down and moving somewhere else.

[@tyrander1652]

I thought hill forts were not really forts --non military.

[@fdentay]

Throughout history man has had to protect himself and his land. As far as I have learned, all 'forts' were at some time defensive.

[@Libbathegreat]

I think the current consensus is that "hillforts" were multi-purpose: part showing off/marking territory; part elite residence (like the castle or manor house later on); and part refuge/defensive (though not in the sense of having garrisons). But just as interpretations are changing over time, their functions seem to vary as well depending on the place and time. That's why you have to dig them to know what's going on :)

[@OstblockLatina]

Considering the Roman civilization, a man of the family had every right to not accept an infant born to his wife for whatever reason if he felt like it. And if he didn't, the baby would've been abandoned outside of the town on a garbage pile. So it is definitely possible that the remains of that baby were disposed of in a ditch or refuse pile due to that kind of practice. It was a very patriarchal society, the ancient Romans - the patriarch was basically the master of life and death and he was entitled to even kill his children or wife if they disobeyed or shamed him in any way (along with anyone they might have collaborated with by doing so, if you know what I mean). Or perhaps the baby's remains in this suspicious setting were a result of an unmarried woman getting pregnant and trying to hide the fact she gave birth to an illegitimate child - a practice that is sadly not unknown in the modern times as well. If the baby was a month or more, and its bones are buried in a place which can't be identified as a cemetary, it could've been the economical situation of the mother or both parents already burdened with enough offspring and either not able to provide sufficient nourishment for the most vulnerable and the youngest, or deciding to sacrifice it in order to save the older ones, or themselves alone. Or the child might have been born with some defect leading to premature death that is not visible on the skeleton, or - while keeping it still viable - rendering it undesirable to the community and causing it to getting killed and buried casually in this shallow hole in the ground. Ignoring all those very plausible possibilities in favour or a very far-fetched and totally unprovable hypothesis of human sacrifice seems to me unworthy of a scientist. It's like this very amateurish attitude that some charlatans adopt: "don't know why, therefore it's ritual". Well no, it doesn't have to be at all. One doesn't have to search very far away, neither geographically nor chronologically, to come across reports of infanticide all across the world.

[@jlselc]

Good use for the rag, the guardian, to put the dirty finds on. Better than reading that propaganda. Have watched all the episodes at least once, I want to say Thank you for saving this program for future viewers.

[@markgarin6355]

Mowed high...but you already drove over them. Thank goodness newts are wet area animals, not in a field.

[@THINKincessantly]

@39:40ish “Raksha has hit the bottom in Francis’s pit” if Tony would have reversed those names 😆

[@Tconcept]

Sad to see the decline of our wildlife mocked.

[@ryank2434]

*sigh*

[@eboracum2012]

Really?

[@annk.8750]

THANK YOU, Carenza, for using the proper word "oriented" instead of that abominable misconstruction "orientated"!

[@cyan1616]

I'm sorry, but a loss of a child, no matter how young, is always traumatic and sad for the mother. A mother would never "toss" her child into the rubbish without a care, they should never say the mother never cared. Maybe the fathers wouldn't care if a daughter was tossed out. To this day daughters are killed and tossed out in Asian countries as they have no value.

[@chinamanjw]

Corenza😍😍😍

[@hhollyd66]

A

[@clifforddeavey8943]

I do not hink that phil digs as much as they make it apper a lot is setting up shots fo rtv if i was working in digging i would not be in shorts and i would have KNEE pads plus digging in your 50 plus you would not last long do not get me wrong i love Phil but lets keep it real

[@minimaker5600]

I have seen him with a knee pad in one episode.

[@eboracum2012]

Now, now, don't you be disparaging Phil🤗

[@Libbathegreat]

He apparently did have a bad back almost throughout the run. I saw someone comment elsewhere that he had to be brought to site by ambulance a few times. However, archaeology isn't all about digging. A lot of it is just about knowing what's what, and Phil absolutely does.

[@saintboudreau1545]

iron age ''hill forts'' with high ramparts in front and very little in back. any attacker would survey all around and take the easy way in. the people that came went in the front 'door' in peace to trade their goods. when a human gets stuck in gear they are stupid.

[@Invictus13666]

Apparently you weren’t paying attention to the reasons. Speaking of stuck on stupid

[@saintboudreau1545]

wood post and fence, were put there to stop erosion. the site was visible and big for distant people to bring and trade goods........... me thinks , first Brits, were less war like and more business like that humans are now AD humans became nasty. wonder why?

[@gregb6469]

If you are trying to blame Christianity for mankind's problems, you are barking up the wrong tree! People in the BC years were as much or more brutal and nasty as those in the AD years.

[@jarkkojuntunen5506]

It may have been, Saint Boudreau, but comparing life of one small settlement in a period when the region was not very populated to what you read or hear in the news happening allaround the world nowadays just isn't very logical. We need better arguments.

[@lil-meow-max]

the river thames is just behind the hill the opposite side of the area they were digging . and the oldest known settlement in england is a little further up the river Abingdon . also where the MG motor car was built

[@micahfoley9572]

no newts is not good newts. all newts go to heaven

[@wordawgg]

It is a stonemasons tool

[@tonyjohnson8752]

It would be carenza who pronounced oriented correctly.

[@philliprogers4255]

MAGA