Toy-Ventures: Top 10 70s Star Trek Toys

[@davidradich9342]

Dinky Toys were the best! The Space 1999 eagles and the Enterprise were my favorites!

[@jimdigriz2923]

Mine too, although my shuttle and discs were lost very quickly.

[@barneyevans6940]

Still have my Dinky Enterprise and Eagle!

[@stevenmcnicoll5060]

I absolutely love this channel. Your sense of fun is just a joy. Total nostalgia.

[@rickytoddbotelho9555]

I was trying to get the star trek big wheel and the spock flashing light helmet,get the big wheel to it's supreme velocity, break the time barrier so that I could drink tea from the star trek tea set. Very nerdworthy 😛

[@ActionRobotPunch]

Great list. This really brought me back. I remember the color forms set though now I can’t imagine giving something like that to my kids. I also had a figure but it was an alien and I lost his red phaser the first time I took it ousted to play. We spent hours searching the grass for that thing. Good times.

[@LuminousNews]

I loved the CSF! played with it until it finally broke. I also loved the model kit of Spock shooting three serpents. I still have it displayed; I also had a beach towel with the same image, and I miss that towel.

[@bb7931]

The Motion Picture toyline, both 3 3/4 and 12 inch, aren't too shabby. But I think you hit the nail on the head.

[@destructarr]

Yeah, that's what I was thinking about too.

[@BrickMantooth]

Trust me I love that stuff, it's all over here but it doesn't compete with the TOS stuff to me.

[@maxpocalypse]

I was lucky enough to have the MEGO Enterprise playset and several figures. We LOVED that thing! :)

[@mpshields]

I had ( have ) most all that stuff! 🥰 Even the Talosion in the yellow clown suit! ❤

[@cbspock1701]

I loved the CSF Enterprise. One of my favorites when I was a kid

[@mem1701movies]

Mine broke easily

[@Whalewraith]

Funny thing about the parachuting Kirk is we actually got that in the first JJ Abrahams movie. I'm amazed that the dinky Enterprise was white. They hated white toys figuring that kids found them boring. It's why the Eagle transporters came in metallic Green or Blue. At the time we all bought a transporter for the white pod and a Freighter for the white body to get a TV accurate Eagle. To this day I occasionally see them on Ebay claiming to be prototypes or rare limited editions. Unsure if its 'collectors' who don't know what there talking about or deliberate.

[@LannieLord]

1976: I was not a huge Star Trek fan BUT I had , built and LOVED the Bridge KIT! Speaking of evoking memories: We had just gotten back from a vacation . It was the very end of the summer. It was one of those lonely grey overcast days . I remember being all alone for the entire day . I bought this from a local "ma & pa" hobby shop and walked home with it. I built it on that grey dreary afternoon with that PENDULUM of DOOM above my head : SCHOOL STARTS in a FEW DAYS (and for me- it was 8th grade- smack dab in the middle of junior high school) . So much melancholy looming over the Star Trek Bridge ! I loved playing with the figures . The kit was pretty easy to build as I recall. LOL.

[@craigsavarese8631]

Back in the mid 70’s I received a Dinky Space 1999 Eagle and my brother chose their USS Enterprise. My Eagle was played with extensively and definitely shows it. My brother on the other hand, only took his ship out of the box to look at it. It is still in mint condition in the box.

[@acerjuglans383]

I'm in my 50s, and my mind is blown by suddenly remembering the things I had as a kid. The UTILITY BELT! The MODEL KITS! I even had the bridge playset, with Kirk and Spock figures. AND....I STILL have the die-cast Dinky Enterprise, that shoots orange torpedo discs! My mom.....she gave me so much.....Miss you mom.

[@YAMISOOLD2009]

Better late than never! Welcome to the nostalgia bug!😁

[@hoserlu]

Great list! I probably would have put the AMT Enterprise as the focus of the models over the bridge, but at least AMT was there. So much glue on those droopy nacelles. The Viewmaster was a favorite, long before we could watch the show when we wanted.

[@YAMISOOLD2009]

Yes they were very droopy! I remember that about them!😅

[@mrtrevorblack]

Not mentioned, but I LOVED my Star Trek water gun shaped like a phaser. Paired with the communicator that came with my Incredible Hulk utility belt ( I wish I could remember how they explained why that came with that belt??) and I was good to go on missions in the old backyard..!😁

[@CoachOta]

Of the AMT model kits, the Exploration Set was probably my favorite. It was sized well for small, kid hands to hold and play with. The door to the Tricorder broke off and my mom replaced it with a piece of cardboard wrapped neatly with black electrical tape and attached with the tape. Not sure if it counts but the Star Trek Action Toy Book (1976) was also amazing. I had a lot of paper craft books as a kid and the Star Trek one gave me a second set of Phaser, Communicator and Tricorder to complement the AMT kit as well as a Universal Translator and a ray gun / laser beacon. Add in the paper Enterprise and Klingon ships and some Vulcan ears and it was hours of fun!

[@paulwalsh2344]

Yeah the AMT Phaser, Communicator and Tricorder were staples of my childhood play. Had the similar damage to the Tricorder, but it was just glued in the open position thereafter. Now the books. I had a few different kinds of Star Trek books... I know I had about 4 or 5 Gold Key Star Trek comic books and my beloved Bantam Star Trek Fotonovels "The Trouble With Tribbles", "A Taste OF Armageddon" and "Galileo 7", but I don't recall the Star Trek Action Toy Book.

[@disteenguishedmonstoor]

Wonderful episode! I have lots of love and longing for 70’s Trek products. Just an aside…Is it my imagination or does the Isaac figure from Love Boat suddenly look more like today’s Neil deGrasse Tyson?😂😂

[@barneyevans6940]

Still have some of these toys that I got back in the day. Still in very good condition. Built the bridge model several times. Took two kits and made a full bridge out of it, still have it.

[@ajclements4627]

I had the tricorder with the cassette tape with sound effects included, and the audio from “Where No Nan Has Gone Before” if I remember correctly. I really liked that tricorder, I bet it goes for $$ today.

[@MrBrightside-wq9pg]

Awesome memories there... added the Bridge playset to my collection recently.

[@chrishight6598]

That video was a blast!!!! The JJ Abrams Star Trek reboot had a parachuting Kirk so those parachute figures were before their time.

[@johnclark2849]

I had the bridge set, communicators, the Dinky Enterprise and something I had forgotten - that tethered flying Enterprise. I loved them all. Sure kids have more realistic looking toys these days, but those of us growing up in the 70s had the best. :D

[@hankw69]

I had that utility belt in kindergarten. It was a Xmas or birthday present, don't remember but I loved it! Thanks for the memories 🎉

[@originaluddite]

I only realized I too had that set as a kid. In my case it came in a show bag from my city's agricultural show before I really even knew what Star Trek was.

[@justafanofnerdculture7602]

I absolutely love Mego Star Trek! Very, very warm fuzzy memories of those toys. Also, I was born in Berkeley Ca and raised in Oakland Ca, so I really appreciate the KTVU channel 2 Star Trek bumper. I remember those bumpers very well and I definitely remember watching Star Trek weekdays at 5.

[@cuban4life77]

Our local, you could buy everything from a thirty year old can of soup, to new pair of rubber boots, general store got a whole wack of toys once (and only once). The Star Trek utility belt was one of them. Normally, my folks would never buy me something that "expensive" during a trip to the store, but I had was shut out of getting one a Consumer's Distributing years before. Best trip to get a treat at the store ever.

[@richardcoleman3425]

Now you've really tickled my sweet-spot, Brian! ;)

[@jonketcher8325]

Thanks for the memories!

[@Tonydash23]

Awesome video , love the parachute figures

[@captlazer5509]

The Star Trek AMT kits of the 70s had almost all, yes the bridge set model was better looking on the box art. Had better luck building the K7 space station, which you can still get at a reasonable price. It was very cool. The strangest AMT kit was a Spock figure firing a phaser at a three-headed snake. Where did that happen on a Star Trek episode? And that model kit is insanely expensive now lol.

[@YAMISOOLD2009]

I love the K7 space station. The bridge model looks great but I will take your word for it that it doesn't translate from box art to real world as well!

[@captlazer5509]

@YAMISOOLD2009 I was a kid at the time but a pro modeler could make the bridge model pop. I was proud I had the Enterprise narcels actually straight. It was legendary for being a pain.

[@YAMISOOLD2009]

@captlazer5509 I remember my dad gluing the enterprise together for me. He was a lot of things but patient with small pieces of plastic was not one of them!😅 I was glad to have a toy ship to play with but those droopy nacelles were a constant struggle. I bought the reissue a number of years ago and had no problems with it at all.

[@captlazer5509]

@YAMISOOLD2009 Yes! The new one they fixed the problem. Back in the day on the original Enterprise kit, my dad told me to make a jig, and we mixed some epoxy. That worked.

[@YAMISOOLD2009]

@captlazer5509 your dad was more knowledgeable about models. I don't even think my dad was using modeling glue. Probably just contact adhesive. But to be fair, we lived a rural existence and their were no hobby shops nearby. Plus to both of our dads, plastic was not what they grew up with. He used to call it bakelite!

[@Merylstreep1949]

Round 2 on behalf of AMT recently reissued the Bridge with improved figures...it's super cool Plus a whole slew of classic Trek ships all with new or improved tooling and parts

[@jimkuna8687]

I had the doc with the spinning cabin and the walkie talkies spock was in my trees and roof a lot lol

[@kibagami74]

Speaking of the AMT kits, I had most of them and they really hit the spot. The Bridge Set was great. One that captured my imagination was that Spock kit that comes with a mini diorama and a 3 headed Snake Monster, my kid brain was sure this *must* have been in an episode I kept missing on TV.

[@michaelf7291]

This was so much fun, reliving those days when Star Trek merchandise could be anything and didn’t need to be accurate. I remember having a jigsaw puzzle and Spock was green! And those awful coloring books where they went to a planet of...clowns?!.

[@johnfronczek2658]

Great list, Brian!

[@BrickMantooth]

Glad you enjoyed it

[@jasonking3182]

I wasn’t born yet but there is something amazing about Star Trek in the 70s before the Motion Picture. It had a very Flash Gordon feel vs the direction the Motion Picture went

[@Mark_Prince]

I love the Neptunian, I wish Mego would make them again!

[@destructarr]

Yeah, too bad the Neptunian was never in the series.

[@andrewmclachlan4242]

I loved Star Trek as a kid, My older brother had Aurora Kits including Spock kit with the 3 Headed Snake! I had the Dinky Toys but I always wanted CSF Enterprise & Mego Figues!🤔☺ Also on the subject of Colourforms I remember having a Buck Rogers Set.🤔😁

[@ClausB252]

I built all the AMT kits except for the Bridge set. Great fun!

[@KONEY.INDUSTRIAL]

I've just bought #3. Back in the seventies I was a bit too young to appreciate a toy which did not feature any kind of transformation but these days I'm completely mesmerized by it... Can't wait for its delivery, tomorrow! Thanks for the nice memories and greetings from Italy.

[@jasonesler2716]

Great job as always. 🫡

[@TheSybermedic]

I can still remember getting the CSF for Christmas, I loved that thing to death. (Yeah, I wore out many a set of batteries and eventually the Enterprise itself.)

[@esa5952]

The color forms set was great fun. I would have preferred a planet surface scene with the enterprise looming high up and some blast effects but the bridge screen at least allowed for some space play.

[@travishiltz4750]

Colorforms! Loved those as a kid. Do they still make them? Those mega figures are great! Pretty sure I had Kirk, Spock and at least two of the aliens. Fun list

[@GrilloTheFlightless]

I had the dinky Enterprise. It was awesome!

[@VulpisFoxfire]

2:48 Ooooh, I had one of those. Neat toy.

[@markderoller7645]

I love the Dinky die cast Eagle and the Enterprise

[@eltenda]

Great episode!

[@michealcormier2555]

I used to have the Dinkey's U.S.S. Enterprise. I loved that toy.

[@manlystranger4973]

The lost cross promotional opportunities between the toys and the animated and later movie series sometimes makes me sad. Especially in regards to the Star Trek Big Wheel. Can you imagine a scene in Star Trek II Wrath of Kahn in which after Kahn attacks the Enterprise not all of the engineers are running around in a panic, but some are driving a small personnel carrier closely resembling the Star Trek Big Wheel? And a deleted scene in which Scotty drives the Chief Engineer Personal Personnel Carrier out of the turbolift and onto the bridge carrying the body of his nephew? The possibilities and later toy sales opportunities are endless. Kirk Forever!!!

[@cyberius7042]

I wasn't even born until the 80s, so I can't comment on what was "missing" from the list. I really love the Mego figure range, though, and agree with it being at the #1 spot. I've never seen that Colorforms set, that really appeals to me.

[@Linuxpunk81]

An interesting array of toys for sure. I wasn't born until 81 so the star trek I grew up with was tng and that toyline that honestly didn't really get going until the 90s.

[@joe3019772008]

good top 10, brother.

[@MikeSmith-rh5gc]

I still have my Dinky Enterprise from the seventy’s. Well, my son has it now but I still remember getting that when I was about 8 years old

[@petefischer3820]

Great video, thank you.

[@rjj1965]

The Rayline Star Trek Tracer Disc Gun could have probably been added to the list. It was a very popular toy. Many had it, but it was already a toy before they slapped Star Trek on it, so...

[@andrewtaylor940]

My prime childhood was right in the heart of the Star Trek and Giant Monster craze of the 70's. So I remember all of these toys well and fondly... except the knock off Big Wheel. That I have never seen before. But damn that thing looks cool. In a really horrible way. The only ones I would add are the AMT 1:1 scale model of the Phaser, Communicator and Tricorder. Which were a bit better and more accurate and fun than the Remco ones.

[@LannieLord]

In the early 1980s (me and my buds were WAY ahead of the game) used to drive all over looking for small drug and candy stores that sold cheap rack toys and such. Once we found 2 or 3 Star Trek Colorforms kits , untouched since 1976 ...... in like 1985 !! So these sat in a store for that long without any neighborhood kids wanting one ? We bought them all. I believe I have shared my stories with you before . Oh man- EARLY 1980s - nobody was collecting anything except baseball cards and comic books !! TOYS were RIPE for PICKING !!

[@georgegolston5417]

I still have my Megos. Kirk, Spock, McCoy and Scotty.. As well as my Dinky Toys Enterprise and Klingon Battle Crusier.

[@ultramaximusreviews]

Ironically we did eventually get a parachuting Captain James T. Kirk in the delete intro of Star Trek Generations LOL

[@paulwalsh2344]

@ 8:25 My third favourite Star Trek episode was the one with Isaac in it !

[@LudditesRUs]

The colorforms set looks like it was based on the Mego Bridge playset. My one big add is the Mego Mission to Gamma VI playset. I never had it but MAN was it packed with playability!

[@risinbison1106]

I still own the Star Trek Phaser Battle arcade game. Was actually pretty cool for the 70’s before we had Atari. Love to know what some of these are worth today.

[@datacipher]

I had that enterprise among other things. Wonderful solid toy… others broke but not that. Launching photons was fun, you could load up several and shoot them all off rapid fire style. I had the bridge play set too.

[@lawrencemanning]

Bloody hell the memory is an amazing thing. I just remembered I used to have an enterprise that shot disks. Am not sure if it’s the one featured here. It had a grey metal piece that you turned at the top to shoot. I distinctly remember the warp engines were weird flexible plastic. Shit! I’ve not thought about that toy since I was probably 8 years old. Thank you for making this video. This late middle age man feels like a kid again. 😅😅😅

[@lawrencemanning]

Actually I think it was the one in this video. I remember the doors at the bottom but I never saw the shuttle. Maybe my mum got it second hand. Anyway….. 😂😂😂

[@paulwalsh2344]

I know they weren't actually toys but models, but I played with my AMT USS Enterprise, Klingon Cruiser and Romulan Warbird just as if they were toys ! But out of the list... Yeah, my Mego 8-inch Captain Kirk and Mr. Spock were perfect. I didn't have any of the Star Trek aliens for them, but they did whup the Mego 8-inch Planet of the Apes Cornelius on the regular ! Also the AMT Star Trek Phaser, Communicator and Tricorder were staples in my play as a kid.

[@YAMISOOLD2009]

Lots of comments on this one. Star Trek is such a warm fuzzy for so many of us! I had the communicators and the phaser game. Wished I had the communicator home base thingy. I think it was always on my wish list. Of course I had the Mego playset as well. Always wanted the belt from Remco but I made do with my cowboy gun belts that were also still ubiquitous in the 70s. Pearl handled phaser cap gun anyone?!

[@alexnejako777]

you could carry everybody around in the bridge set. i used to take it to the playground across the street as a kid.

[@kingerikthegreatest.ofall.7860]

My friend still has the dinky toys enterprise. He also has a cylon ship that shoots plastic missiles.

[@michaelf7291]

Great list, and naturally Mego figures and Enterprise playset were #1. My Star Trek figures and playsets kept me occupied for years, loved them. Now, I'm collecting the new original series figures Mego is doing and I need Mego to rerelease the Enterprise playset! (That along with the Batcave, but that's a different story)

[@AvengerII]

@5:24 -- AMT created the Shuttlecraft Galileo AND fabricated the Klingon battlecruiser. An AMT employee designed the Galileo but Matt Jefferies (the Enterprise's designer) created the Klingon D7 battlecruiser design. AMT made 2 copies of the Klingon ship -- one was used as the shooting miniature for the series, the other copy was used as the tooling master for the mass-release Klingon model kit first released during the original network run of Star Trek. Amazingly, both of the original Klingon battlecruisers still exist but have different paintjobs.

[@camcordernonsense5264]

just about any colorforms are awesome.

[@bobby1218]

Think I had just about every thing on your list, minus the parachute, big wheel, and......dont know how i missed the tea set lol. Never had the Dinky Enterprise, how ever had and still do have the Dinky Klingon Battle Cruiser.

[@jeffreydavidconner]

I had the hover craft. And the Walkley talkie. And the plastic molded communicator. But I have one that paired with my phone. Works. WITH MY PHONE.

[@KasumiKenshirou]

My mom watched the original run of the series so my brother and I ended up with the Colorforms set and an Enterprise that shot discs (but I'm not sure if it was the same toy). My mom had the Enterprise and Klingon model kits, but I don't think she ever put them together so we never played with those. William Shatner actually did film a scene where he skydives for Star Trek Generations, but it was cut from the movie. I think it was still in the comic book adaptation, and the scene can be found on KZbin.

[@lesigh1749]

I had the Dinky Enterprise and the Klingon cruiser. I lost most of the disks they fired pretty quickly while playing in the garden with them.

[@martykarr7058]

I had #8, but it was the STMP version, and #3. As a side note I had the Eagle and U.F.O. Interceptor as well.

[@paulwalsh2344]

I had the Mego Captain Kirk and Spock and the Kenner Six Million Dollar Man back in the day . Now I do remember wishing at the time that I had the Kenner Big Foot as well and... hear me out... wouldn't it have been hellacool to make a Galileo 7 shuttlecraft outta a shoebox and paper towel rolls and have those Megos inside with the Big Foot attacking it... recreating that episode ? !

[@adeweyan]

You could have a similar video just of the Motion Picture tie-ins. Squirt-phasers, the first movie tie-in Happy Meals -- they went all out with the licensing for STMP.

[@VintageToyTheatre]

Horshack wore a spock helmet with the siren in an episode of Welcome Back Kotter but they painted it yellow with no visor or stickers.

[@korg13]

The STAR TREK communicators had a range of 1 mile using channel 14 crystals, the newer walkie talkies had a range of 30 feet.

[@brenglover72]

Still have my dinky eagles thunderbirds UFO and star trek - the factory was in Liverpool.

[@stevevanzandt6784]

What abooot top ten lost in space toys?😊

[@gordyboy1969]

I must get one of those tea sets 🤣

[@inspector2363]

I'm surprised they haven't had "Spock" wearing that helmet on Strange New Worlds, it's the only abuse the character hasn't suffered yet.

[@Terminus_El_Camino]

Amen to that. I also hate what they've done to Uhura and Chapel. They're like annoying Gen Z-ers. Apologies if you are a Gen Z-er.

[@LannieLord]

3:18 Vintage Toy Jeopardy : " Toys that Break in 5 Minutes?" "What is the Remco CSF Enterprise?" ☹

[@lwriker1304]

I have that Enterprise Bridge with some characters.😮😂

[@lurkerrekrul]

#8 - I had one of these. It didn't work for crap! Putting the blades under the saucer (which I realize is the only logical place for them) threw the balance off and it didn't "fly" worth a damn. The Verti-Bird helicopter toys worked MUCH better. #9 - I had the Communicators. While they worked, they didn't have mush range. Not that I expected them to work over a distance of miles, but mine didn't even reach a few streets away. Then one of them stopped working. #5 - I had this as well. I always thought it was weird that they didn't include a full floor in the kit. They had the ring around the bridge and the part where Kirk's chair and the navigation console were, but the rest was open, showing whatever the model was resting on. You were left to make your own floor for it. #1 - And I had this, as well as all of the first wave of figures, including all the main characters and the Klingon. Unfortunately, my Kirk figure had something wrong with it because it would never sit properly. Sadly, i allowed my mother to give it and the figures away, only keeping Mr. Spock. :(

[@tim_davidson6344]

I received the Mattel Verti-Bird helicopter for Christmas in 1972. Though I can't provide an opinion on the Enterprise "helicopter", the Verti-Bird was a very cool toy and it did perform well.

[@lurkerrekrul]

@@tim_davidson6344 I had the Verti-Bird rescue ship, which was a large Styrofoam Coast Guard ship with the Verti-Bird mounted in the middle of it. What always impressed me as a kid was the helicopter actually "flew". Meaning, all of its movement was generated by the rotor blades. It wasn't a cheat where the arm itself would move the helicopter. They could have very easily motorized the arm to move the toy helicopter, but they didn't. The helicopter was tethered to the base out of necessity (the limitations of 70s tech), but the helicopter would rise, descend and move forward and back under its own power. Granted that power was generated in the base and relayed to the chopper via a cable, but still. It was like an early version of today's drones. :) BTW, there's a small, freeware simulation of it available for Windows. It's pretty cool.

[@MrCricketts99]

Good times and good memories! I forgot about the color forms. Loved the utility belt set just wish the accessories had been more durable. The communicator broke fast. I had the Dinky Enterprise but the box with stickers was thrown out before I could put them on the ship. Anyone make repos? Loved the Mego figures. Living in a small Oklahoma town we didn’t see a lot of the alien figures besides the Klingon. It took a Dallas trip to see my aunt And visit Toys by Roy at the mall to find the aliens. I was only allowed two so I got The Gorn and the Amphibian. I was mad when I got home and realized the Gorn was in a Klingon costume.. When I lived in Albuquerque at the time of Stsr Trek The Motion Picture there was one store that had an electronic Enterprise by SounthBendI Toys. It made warp speed sound effects and had slots on the ship where you could move the nacelles to make it into different looking starships. When Wrath of Khan came out I made a crude Reliant. It was a fun toys but the stickers for the ship started peeling within weeks.

[@PerspectiveEngineer]

Nice vid

[@korg13]

the STAR TREK walkie talkies had a range of a little over a mile on ch14 CB crystals while the next gen walkie talkie only had a range of 30 feet.

[@kingbolo4579]

Shame not to give at least a mention to the high-quality Dinky Klingon battlecruiser that went with the Dinky enterprise, and also shot plastic disks. Adverts for the Star Trek playset with the action figures and the transporter are some of my earliest memories. I knew they were for me, and never got them

[@noahbawdy3395]

I had so many of those toys, coins, models. (sigh). We had a news program on Channel 13 that @ the sign off they would say "Now it's time to beam aboard The Enterprise". The news crew would dematerialise and Star Trek TOS would start. I think the news program was WTHR... Indianapolis. (Weather)

[@originaluddite]

Surely Trelane had a tea set - that makes it Star Trek. ;)

[@VirtualSG]

I had a lot of colorforms sets during the 70s, but this one i didn't know about. Shame, it looks beautiful. Must be a great set. Are there any still around?

[@robertonline6543]

To be fair... captain kirk did parachute in generations in a deleted scene

[@ct3po776]

I wanted the disk shooting Dinky Enterprise so bad, and got to hold it in the store, but my parents could never afford it!😢😫 I had a phaser squirt gun as a kid, but it didn't squirt, so my Mom sold it at a yard sale or something! I never see those ever talked about.

[@TheSquaredM]

Where was the Mego Tricorder/ Cassette? I wanted one of those so bad standing wishing at Kmart! The timing was all wrong - they were released after my birthday and not close enough to Christmas! 😢

[@BrickMantooth]

That was a solid piece for certain.

[@jonathanhird6334]

I think they really missed a trick not re releasing those parachute figures to tie in with the 2009 movie!

[@mczilla8628]

I watch it now on METV im loving it more and more. By the way who won the super joe contest?

[@Gallifrey1991]

I like the 12 inch figures from TMP