Treating Hyperpigmentation - How To Fade Acne Marks, Melasma and Dark Spots | Dr Sam Bunting

Hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition in which irregular patches of skin become darker than the surrounding area. It can affect all skin types, at any age and these darker areas are the result of excess melanin production, which can be caused by everything from acne scars to sun damage.
We all want glowing skin but pesky hyperpigmentation is one of the biggest concerns as it steals the skin of any radiance and results in an uneven, dull complexion instead.
The good news is that clear, bright skin is within reach and in today’s video, I share my EASY hacks to treat hyperpigmentation so you can reclaim your grown-up glow!
As always thank you so much for watching and for all your support!
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Disclaimer: The content seen in this video is provided only for educational purposes and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please seek professional help individually if you suffer from any dermatological condition. Due to the volume of patients seen in the clinic, and to the unique nature of skin, Dr Bunting is unable to respond to every query on these videos.

[@kawilui]

Tips starts in 3:10 - you’re welcome ☺️

[@edlynruiz1163]

Thank you

[@shereserobley4983]

Thanks so much

[@sefjung99]

Thank you so much Dr. Sam for sharing this with us just for free ❤❤❤

[@Verbsdescribeus]

your advice is so valuable! thank you, dr. Sam!!!

[@Aris-Darling]

I love your cat in the background. Great video and channel. Well-researched, informed, and formatted. You also have great skin and a lot of credibility. Thank you for sharing your knowledge with the world! 🙂

[@vivisbesan7398]

After my 30's the melasma monster started, just like my mother's and brother's. Obviuosly genetic. But doctors usually ignore that fact and keep giving you hope with all those amazing treatments, ,afterall they wanna profit. I spent thousands trying to make it better, became neurotic because of the sun, only to become frustraded for years. Untill the pandemic started and I realized all the time and energy I wasted with something that can't be fixed (in my case), so I started seeing beauty beyond that and I'm much happier, and richer for saving all that money 😅.

[@amjadabedtt]

Malasma is treatable but need time and consistency i suffers from but I could see huge improvement with sunscreen and retinol mix with vitamin c you can really find cheap ingredients .

[@jaineyalex4374]

Me too.

[@vivisbesan7398]

@@amjadabedtt I"ve been using all 3 daily for years and had treatments like Picosure. Saw no improvment. As I said, genetics is often ignored.

[@MP-hw6sx]

@ONJ AU can you please share more about it🙏🏼

[@chopstick88853]

Absolutely.. Me i suffered my melasma for 16.and spent lots of money yrs but now i found the true meds for my melasma..

[@kmcq692]

Thank goodness I’ve found you. After my frenzied self-diagnosis and slightly radical approaches over past four months, I’m finally settling down with this integrated knowledge. So grateful. Hopeful.

[@ellay4514]

There is a lot to think about here.. thank you... so very detailed and such a lot of knowledge. 💕

[@jennylyniwasiak9944]

Very informative thank you dr. Sam xx

[@Keapix]

My post-inflammation marks definitely fade much much faster since I started following your advice!

[@biaedwards4025]

Excellent presentation on the the role tyrosinase and how to combat the transfer of melanin= melasma, hyperpigmentation.

[@fefemyluv]

Antioxidant serum, Tretinoin, SPF daily, & at-home exfoliant peel (once a week).

[@aliciahurst333]

Cool I’m treating my melasma now- it makes a lot more sense why my Dermo is giving me different products to help, especially before my Fraxtel. Ps loved seeing your cats in the background

[@mandyfernandez]

Hi Dr Sam I have been using brightly for a month and I am very happy it’s amazing, Would you recommend to use the neutralizing gel in conjunction with brightly?????

[@SkincarebyTahwah]

I love seeing your tips, they have been a great guide for me on my clear skin journey. I have also gotten great feedback as I share my tips based on what has worked for me. Thanks you Dr Sam❤️

[@Saif_Ali_Khan_1301]

great video as usual

[@zariwilmot8844]

Dr Sam, you are not just very good in making the subject matter interesting but you are also beautiful. You speak so clearly and gently which also shows your gentle character.

[@DrSamBunting]

Thank you so much! Glad you enjoyed the video ❤

[@pauliepaul6447]

Hi Sam , love your channel, I find using azelaic acid 10% in conjunction with cerave blemish control gel works wonders for me

[@sarahusman6123]

She is the best of best Dermatologist ever

[@charlesphillips6803]

I just found your videos and I love them. Thank you. I have personally used only a wet water cloth to wash my face and diluted apple cider vinegar as a toner. ACV changed my life. I went from a teen w pimples to an adult with Seborrheic dermatitis. I love all natural skin care so i only use ACV and warm water on my face. I also realized early now how much sun exposure is important- I always avoided it. Lovely videos and your format is so well. Thank you

[@preeti9710]

Love your videos.

[@jlau5634]

1) Solar Lentigines 2) Melasma. - genetic predisposition but influenced by external things like hormones.

[@plume1639]

Would you share what lovely lipstick you are wearing, please?

[@sanikapadalikar4698]

Thank-U Dr.for guidg us.Wish We had some home remedies,for dark spots.🌈As,I avoid usg beauty products.

[@sungmokandang7440]

Thankyou for details explanation 😘

[@DrSamBunting]

Glad it was helpful! ❤

[@rachelelwin450]

In Australia my dermatologist is giving me IPL. I also use a pretty elaborate skin care regime. I am seeing some improvement in my age spots and melasma.

[@HockMed2504]

Dr. Sam, I am new to your channel and am really enjoying it! I am in my early 40's and am shopping for a tinted SPF to start using sunscreen dialy. I have never done so until learning from you! I have medium toned skin, latina. I had Melasma during pregnancy and have a skin prone to hyperpigmentation. I am waiting for your #2 tinted SPF. In the meantime, can you review certain brands for us please? I really appreciate all you do and the way you communicate and share your knowledge.

[@margienaonao5192]

Hi doc, I have a few active acnes and a lot of pigmentations. And I am planning to use 2 products. Is it okay to use TO azelaic acid and a serum of mine which is a combination of niacinamide and alpha arbutin?

[@kpaulvannan3614]

great one.

[@mandyhoover3166]

Hi do you use The Ordinary products

[@snehas2160]

Please do an ichthyosis vulgaris skin care and repair routine video mam...

[@eblarios]

I love to hear your thoughts on LED light therapy face masks for use at home. I'm a light-skinned Latina with a lot of sunspots and I'm wondering if the red light masks would make my pigmentation worse. I already use Trenton now and vitamin C and sunscreen religiously hoping to add another element.

[@Donna-cc1kt]

Hi. I’ve use mine for 2 years in Nov ‘22. It does not make mine worse one bit. Mine is Current Body mask, LED/red light. I love mine, but you’re right, get a professional opinion.

[@paolavega1803]

What do you think about cosmamelan and Dermamelan for hyperpigmentation?

[@grace101612]

Can topical treatments alone get rid of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation? Would it be advised to combine with treatments? Also, is IPL suitable for red post acne hyperpigmentation or is this only useful for brown spots?

[@rachelelwin450]

As we have worst skin cancer rates in the world, in Australia, it is imperative we have AND USE top quality sunscreen. I know I’m in the predicament I’m in because I have not worn enough sunscreen, enough of the time.

[@veerabrar230]

Please give tips for dark circle , I m suffering from this problem😢

[@Inactiveaccountholder]

Can these concepts be applied to post inflammatory erythema?

[@stephaniethurman5311]

Can the Dr.Sam's night retinol cream help dark circles on brown skin?

[@ninasong348]

I apply ZealSea Azelaic Acid everyday, and my spot on my face by acne were removed

[@kawilui]

Will Diamond Peel works?

[@crissyanderson6495]

Since starting menopause, my skin has changed so much! Dry, sensitive skin with rosacea and now melasma. I’ve seen 3 dermatologist but nothing has helped! I’m so self conscious about it. Thank you so much for the tips Dr. Sam. ❤️❤️

[@ff-ti7nj]

buy dhea and progesterone, use them topicaly

[@crissyanderson6495]

@@ff-ti7nj thank you so much!

[@RubySlays297]

Sam!11

[@SufiKingdom]

My each acne leaving marks. I just got tretinoin + Azelaic Acid topical cream. And oral medicine as well.

[@Dandelion_flight]

Dr, nobody seems to talk about when we can do microneedling after the covid vaccine? Can you make a video on this?

[@gurmitkaur803]

Thank u dear

[@Aeasthetic]

Good and organized video. You’ve became better at editing your videos recently -which is super crucial-, That will make your channel gain more views, perhaps it’s underrated because of it imo. Anyway thank you dr sam 🌟

[@aliza166]

how about laser treatment on teenage acne?

[@oesheahmed184]

Can I use a cream like retinol n vitamin c combination

[@aliyakassam9296]

Could you please make a video on using benzoyl peroxide and retionl in a routine for oily acne prone skin.

[@annieway35]

You can't use both at the same time because they cancel each other out. I use benzoyl peroxide as part of my morning routine and I use azelaic acid in the evening, moisturizer and then my retinol. In Dr. Sam's Acne video series she talks about how to use benzoyl peroxide. I think it's the Acne Solved part 1 video, it's super helpful. I've used BP since the 80s and for the first time in my life, I hardly need it at all. The azelaic acid works just as well, took about two months with a proper routine and I only use BP as a spot treatment now.

[@user-ii4rq5ko3x]

@@annieway35 I’ve never used azaelic acid before. I’ve been using Tret for over 2 years and ready to add something to my routine to tackle hyperpigmentation. Have you got a good suggestion for Azaleic, as in any particular brand/product? I’m an oily, blemish prone person. I use BHA, AHA and BP as and when my skin needs them. So would you suggest Azaleic acid in the evening before retinoid?

[@annieway35]

@@user-ii4rq5ko3x Hi, I swear by Azaleic acid by The Ordinary, it's light and goes on dry. Use it in the evenings before retinoid, but like 30-60 minutes before so it can do some work before you put on the retinoid, they don't counter-act each other but there can be some drying. It took a good 6-9 months of using BP as a spot treatment (in the am) and retinoid in the pm to see significant results. It works! Your hyperpigmentation will fade.

[@julianapadilla9926]

Is niacinamide safe during pregnancy?

[@novinar.istrazivac]

@Dr Sam Bunting can you make a video about your cats? Just one, pls? 😻😁

[@marciamapisa2002]

Hi Dr Sam..thank you for your videos..its helps alot. How would you suggest to layer trerinoin, azelaic acid and niacinamide for melasma in woman in colour?

[@marciamapisa2002]

@Cathy Lawrence from what my sweets?

[@kerry8461]

@@marciamapisa2002 she is just spamming every comment

[@pyracanthaberries5808]

Does melasma get better after menopause?

[@prateebharamjee2394]

What about healthy diets?

[@swineinny1]

Is Rosacea a cause of hyperpigmentation? Seems to be for me . . .

[@annabey3522]

Hi Doctor, thank you so much for this. I have this greyish hue on my face overall because I did a home chemical peel and got sun exposure the next day. I have used several lightening agents as prescribed by various doctors including vitamin C, kojic acid, botanical extracts. I also did a few professional chemical peels and a laser treatment. However my skin does look greyish and very very dull, and it looks strange because I have a golden tone all over my body. My doctor prescribed Hydroquinone 2% once a day (at night), and it seems to be working but PAINFULLY SLOWLY. I have been using it for almost 40 days now. I don't have any irritation or any side effects. How do I amplify this process? I asked my doctor for 4% prescription but he is skeptical as it may cause irritation. However I am absolutely broken due to my skin condition it has been 6 months and i don't go anywhere out without 3 layers of foundation :((((((((. Any suggestions would be really helpful.

[@oesheahmed184]

Can I use aha n arbutin one after another

[@evelyngeraban5049]

I from Italy how can I order that product thank u if there’s a possibility

[@tristybrooke33]

I’m using vitamin C, azelaic acid, glycolic acid and retinoids -and using iron oxide tinted spf 50 sunscreen -(I’ve been doing this for 7 months) at first I saw some improvement now no improvement at all - these little age spots/freckles around my upper cheeks it’s driving me crazy - considering IPL

[@kktn4739]

I would add to the types keratoses

[@egregoree3662]

I have a good amount of success treating acne with benzoyl peroxide but also want to use adapalene, retinol, C, B3, and acids in my routine. How might I alternate using a BP cleanser and a salicylic acid cleanser with the other actives? Would a cleanser pH even affect other actives since it is rinsed off?

[@cv7958]

You do not need adapalene and retinol. They are both in the vitamin A family. Pick one. Use your BP or SA wash and then apply vitamin C in the morning and retinol or adapalene at night. Go slow. I would introduce the retinol first before even attempting vitamin C because you need to see whether your skin can even adjust to retinol and BP in your routine. Both are quite irritating, especially in the beginning.

[@egregoree3662]

@@cv7958 what I usually do is this: alternate BP and SA cleanser, sometimes follow with vit C toner, then serum containing B3 and good stuff, and then I mix up the moisturizer. At night I'll alternate using one containing glycolic acid and one containing "encapsulated retinol." During the day I'll usually use a basic one without any strong actives but also use a serum with tranexamic acid and other things for dark spots. A couple of times a week I use adapalene instead of, or along with, the retinol. So, I'm acting against what she has said about sticking with one routine every day. It's worked better than my previous regime but I don't want to be doing the wrong thing anyways.

[@-l485]

@@egregoree3662 if you use both adapalene and retinol together, its going to be VERY strong and you will destroy your skin instead of rescuing it. as C V has mentioned, they are both the same, All are Vitamin A derivatives (Adapalene-a type of retinoid, tretinoin aka retinoic acid, retinol) just pick one and if it doesn't work, try another one. Also, i echo C V's comment of "go slow" don't use daily if you have never used retinol and vitamin c before. start with a low dose or patch test first. A weekly retinol and slowly increase the usage (same goes if you decided to go with tretinoin, adapalene, etc) same as vitamin c, i say a 3x a week. If you put so much strong acids/exfoliant agent on your face at one go, you greatly risk ruining your skin barrier as i have said at the start. don't forget to use a good sunscreen with all these things you plan to put on your face. (and yes Vitamin A derivatives only at night, you can try a bakuchiol serum/moisturiser during the day as well-it also have anti inflammatory and not as harsh as vitamin c)

[@-l485]

also, forget to mention this, you shouldn't mix Vitamin A with AHA/BHA, Benzyl Peroxide, Vitamin C. BP straight out cancel the effect of Vitamin A, whereas AHA/BHA are exfoliants and can cause too much drying out or irrtation if you use together with retinol. When you use Vitamin A, always opt for a routine where you don't use other exfoliant if possible (because vitamin A itself is already an exfoliant among other things) maybe opt for a gentle PH cleanser, or instead of BHA/AHA (Salicyclic Acid is a BHA) when using vitamin A, pick PHA (ex: gluconolactone, galactose, lactobionic acid) instead and opt for a moisturiser with ceramides/soothing ingredients

[@egregoree3662]

Thank you C V and - L for your advice! I'll do as you said and go slower with a more gentle approach. I didn't realize how often I was actually exfoliating with those products. Before I started using those, it was simply a BP cleanser and plain Neutrogena face moisturizer. I still got hormonal acne and dark marks followed every single breakout. Now the marks are starting fade and everything looks brighter and fresher but I was worried about doing too much at once. Will definitely step it back. Thanks.

[@HelzOfOz]

Can you please tell me how to incorporate tranexamic acid into my routine? I use Adapalene each night. Shall I alternate with the TA?

[@rafinha7081]

Use in the morning with alpha arbutin. Works wonders. And spf

[@stevefitz7934]

Thanks, a very helpful talk. By the way, it is regimen and not regime. A regime is a ruling government, a regimen is a program, like a skincare program.

[@jooniearmy7074]

Can tranexamic acid be used simultaneously with tretinoin?

[@user-ii4rq5ko3x]

Tranexamic acid is best used orally. So yes, it can be used without effecting your Tret routine.

[@oesheahmed184]

What is freckles?

[@tinytodds7174]

Hello Dr Sam, would you be so kind to advise if zinc oxide prevents hyper pigmentation like iron oxide? Thanks :)

[@cv7958]

Yes, because it blocks UVA rays. Keep in mind hyperpigmentation can also be caused by other factors such as hormones, trauma to the skin etc., so it won’t help with those types of hyperpigmentation (but it will help prevent the UV rays from exacerbating the issue).

[@tinytodds7174]

@@cv7958 Thanks for your reply. I came across a product where the 5th ingredient has zinc oxide. Will give it a try

[@mariagoncalves5413]

My mom has melasma , we went to the dermatologist and she was prescribed hydroquinone but it did nothing to her melasma...we went back and the dermatologist told us to try hydroquinone again or try neoretin and if nothing works than theres nothing we can do anymore and the only option is try to cover it up with makeup. Is there anything else we can do???

[@Dandelion_flight]

Wow blue light can cause pigmentation to darken? Is that scientifically proven? Wonder if we can get any blue light filter for our lap tops. I have been shopping for blue light glasses but now I wonder about my whole face haha

[@bectinha]

My problem is my acne 😭😭😭😭 as soon one mask goes way a new acne appear ... It's a constantly battle .. plus have black skin does not help ..

[@estellewade5885]

Where's her replies on here,don't seem to see many of them!

[@kirstyrogers8584]

Hi Ginger 😻

[@aefatazizi9427]

What do u do if uve been using all of these for over 1.5yrs with no effect? Esp with skin of color

[@duapathan1223]

I am having melasma on my face...an I am using SPF 60... Is it good for my face or not?

[@RosaMendez-eg9ge]

having melasma for 2 years now and getting worst over time had tried all she said over time and no results.☹

[@franhab5539]

250mg tranexamic acid twice a day for 12 weeks. Melasma gone.

[@ritasharqawi7367]

Francine Habib but it will come back after stop taking it

[@frozengamer3030]

I have white spots on both hands how do I get rid of it?

[@nadirabakhsh6908]

Can azalaic acid used with vitamin C?

[@beckya640]

Dr. Sam’s product contains both azelaic acid and vitamin C, so I guess you can infer that it’s okay by her.

[@sonjagichevska2731]

I am diagnosed Poikilodermia on my neck and upper chest.Also I was told that it can be treated with laser in order for it to dissapear,but can appear again after some time.I would like to find some treatment so that at least it gets better.Is that possible?I hope you have heard of poikilodermia,since I' ve never heard anybody talk about it or even mention it

[@sonjagichevska2731]

@Cathy Lawrence thank you so much😘

[@sonjagichevska2731]

@Cathy Lawrence I couldn't find dr Obalar.I found a video with dr Dray and she says it can't be cured,but can be less visible by ........

[@kerry8461]

@@sonjagichevska2731 that is just spam it comes up on every comment this video

[@l.b.1952]

I have 2 post inflammotory hyperpigmentation points in my face and I found that they get less when treating them with zinc creme/or just pure zinc out of a capsule mixed into my hydration. What also works: my anti lip herpes creme!!

[@GabrielaAna24]

Hello, this is a great video, thank you. Can you clarify which is the high protection compact tinted sunscreen you mentioned please? Thank you :)

[@GabrielaAna24]

@Cathy Lawrence didn't see anything on there for that and that channel did not inspire confidence/trust.

[@kerry8461]

@@GabrielaAna24 it is just spam this comment replies to EVERY comment exact same wording

[@vilmaalejandro9831]

Can I use Salicylic Acid Cleanser with Vitamin C serum in the morning?

[@user-ii4rq5ko3x]

Yes. Salicylic acid in a cleanser isn’t that strong and doesn’t stay on your skin long enough to be a problem. I use SA cleanser sometimes right before applying tretinoin even.

[@muhammadqaiser4346]

شاہ جی کوئی گنجے پن کا علاج بھی بتائیں

[@azucenaorquia9563]

how to order ...pls help me ...thnks

[@pearletafaily4226]

Dr we are African Jamaican in the UK .and we are getting white spots. The of a Capital O. what's it.

[@febiaivy4702]

This all we know, but how to get red of it?

[@ilonkastille2993]

If we have to put on SPF even in winter, where do we get our vitamin D from?

[@dob8240]

Winter vitamins only

[@MILFMAN-yg3jg]

Hello Dr Sam can u do like a top 10 ingredients for hyperpigmentation/ dark spots also a video on dry acne prone skin cause I have that and I need help

[@anitahadley2871]

You didn’t mention treatment options for age spots. I’ve been using Tretinoin and other topicals including a hydroquinone and azelaic acids but would like do something to remove them. I’ve even tried cryotherapy and that didn’t help. Are there other treatments that would be more helpful to getting rid of these?

[@cv7958]

Chemical peels and lasers (e.g., Picoway).

[@deepdiver849]

@@cv7958 none of them helped me....over 20 years !

[@jhulialandown8516]

Micro needling and CO2 laser very effective

[@febiaivy4702]

To remove them!

[@Mayo224]

Is it hyperpigmentation if face is much darker than body?

[@minagica]

You have the adorablestest nose!

[@tsetseburetse7171]

Bunting sound German family name.. I’ve worked before in Bunting tea company.

[@swatches7573]

Hi, can you tell me which AHA is good for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation lactic acid or glycolic acid??? I have combination/acne prone skin and mostly I get acne in my chin area!!

[@BriseisMusic]

Hi there! Both those acids are AHA that can help with hyperpigmentation. It really depends on what you can handle. Glycolic is a smaller molecule, so it'll be more effective but also more irritating in general as it penetrates deeper.

[@kellyc3897]

If your skin is sensitive, look into mandelic acid. It's gentle but very effective and helps fight acne too.

[@swatches7573]

Thanks

[@dynamitedynamite2737]

Hi doc , do you need rest breaks with arbutin as it’s a derivative of hydroquinone and with hydroquinone you need rest breaks , does arbutin convert into hydroquinone in the skin ?

[@kellyc3897]

I just watched a video where another derm discussed this yesterday. Arbutin is safe to use long term unlike hydroquinone and you don't need to take breaks. It can also be paired with retinoids.

[@dynamitedynamite2737]

@@kellyc3897 doesn’t that depend on what percentage of arbutin in each skin product ?

[@kellyc3897]

@@dynamitedynamite2737 I'm not quite understanding what you mean, sorry. If you're speaking about higher percentages of arbutin being problematic for long term use, then no, I don't believe so. Higher strengths might cause skin irritation/sensitivity in some people but that's different from being unsafe.

[@dynamitedynamite2737]

@@kellyc3897 can’t tretinoin just fade old hyperpigmentation and atrophic scars ?

[@kellyc3897]

@@dynamitedynamite2737 Tretinoin can help a lot but you'll need tyrosinase inhibitors too. As Dr. Sam indicated, it really takes a multi-faceted approach when dealing with hyperpigmentation and as with all things, it depends on the severity of the issue.

[@sA-rx5fb]

Hydroquinone can cause rebound hyperpigmentation with skin of colour, happened to me@!

[@MILFMAN-yg3jg]

Can u please do a video on exfoliating pads that have salicylic, glycolic or lactic acids in them or in some cases all 3 cause I never see anyone talking about them when it comes to exfoliating cause I personally use the ones u find in the drugstore that have 2 percent salicylic acid in them

[@jhulialandown8516]

BHA paula’s choice

[@Videostowatch24]

Dr Sam PLEASE help me! I’m taking the pill Yasmin because if I don’t my acne is awful and my periods are unbearable, but it’s making my melasma worse. Before I went on Yasmin I took transexmic acid orally but if you’re on the combined pill you can’t do that can you? Whatever way I turn I’m trapped. If I stop the combined pill I get acne, but if I stay on it my melasma is worse. I’m using Heliocare Ultra 90, is that ok? Please help me, it’s making me so insecure and depressed. What can I do?

[@user-ii4rq5ko3x]

Have you thought of having an IUD instead of being on the pill? It was the best thing I ever did. Any questions you have, let me know.

[@febiaivy4702]

What is happening? Why

[@jsarvin2222]

I have Melasma prob wht I do mam pls guide

[@rosalina4556]

I have been trying to get rid of two dark spots on the side of my cheeks, nothing works and I’m tired. I have try everything under the sun. Lazer,triluma,vitamin, retinol,and so many more. I’m very good with my sunscreen. I always apply 2-4 times a day, I already gave up.

[@dob8240]

Try fade

[@annerizal2593]

I use azelaic acid (skinoren), under a serum with Niacinamide. And until now my post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is still visible and did not fade. What should i do, doc? I have sensitive and oily skin

[@edlynruiz1163]

Same 😢

[@PassionPno]

Azelaic acid in gel form is more effective than cream.

[@edlynruiz1163]

@@PassionPno Hello Doc, any suggestion brand of azelaic acid gel type?

[@PassionPno]

@@edlynruiz1163 That depends on which country you're in.

[@aYTaccount]

Such a well put and informative video! Definitely helped me get a step closer to simplifying *and* solidifying my skincare actives! Dr Sam it'd be very helpful if you could share your thoughts on Potassium Azeloyl Diglycenate! And tackle questions such as its effectiveness (if its comparable to Azelaic Acid) , and layering it with other actives such as Niacinamide, Vitamin C, and Retinoids. Would also love to know the same for Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate! Thank you!