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This video shows Intestinal obstruction with perforation.
Intestinal perforation, defined as a loss of continuity of the bowel wall, is a potentially devastating complication that may result from a variety of disease processes. Common causes of perforation include trauma, instrumentation, inflammation, infection, malignancy, ischemia, and obstruction.
The primary symptoms of gastrointestinal perforation are severe abdominal pain and tenderness. The abdomen may also protrude or feel hard to the touch. If the hole is in a person's stomach or small intestine, the onset of pain is usually sudden, but if the hole is in the large bowel, the pain may come on gradually.
When you have acute diverticulitis, a perforated colon is not that unusual because diverticulitis causes tiny tears - perforations - in the colon walls. These tears can grow larger and become problematic. Colonic perforation can also be a life-threatening complication of recent colon surgery called anastomotic leakage.
In more severe diverticulitis, when perforation or an abscess is suspected, you may experience significant abdominal pain, an inability to tolerate food, constipation, or fever and chills. In this situation, doctors may recommend hospitalization for treatment and monitoring.
If the perforation occurs in your bowel, it may be called a perforated bowel. If your GI tract is perforated, the contents may spill into your abdomen and cause peritonitis, an infection. Such an infection can lead to sepsis.
Intestinal perforation is a major life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality that requires emergency surgery. Despite improvements in surgical and medical treatments, the overall mortality rate is 30% and the mortality rate of cases that also have diffuse peritonitis is up to 70%
Ultrasound images are more detailed than a standard X-ray and are more likely to show an intestinal obstruction. Ultrasound. When an intestinal obstruction occurs in children, ultrasound is often the preferred type of imaging.
Signs of intestinal obstruction with perforation include the presence of free intraperitoneal gas.
Other signs potentially suggestive of gastrointestinal perforation are free intraperitoneal fluid, thickening of bowel walls, gallbladder walls, gastric walls, or duodenal walls, or local peritoneal inflammation.
The classic presentation is sudden and severe abdominal pain, sometimes with localized peritonism or a rigid abdomen on examination. If the perforation is due to bowel obstruction, for instance, there may be an initial relief of pain as the dilated bowel collapses. Then the pain begins again when peritonitis develops.
If the GI tract is perforated, the contents may spill into your abdomen and cause peritonitis, an infection. This infection can lead to sepsis. In a deadly response to infection, Sepsis may develop.
If bowel rupture, then what happens:-
If gas and feces build up in the colon, the large intestine may eventually rupture. Rupture of your colon is life-threatening. If intestines rupture, bacteria that are normally present in the intestine are released into the abdomen. This can cause a serious infection and even demise.
Signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction include:
Crampy abdominal pain that comes and goes.
Loss of appetite.
Constipation.
Vomiting.
Inability to have a bowel movement or pass gas.
Laxatives can help to relieve the symptoms of bowel obstruction, but they will not necessarily resolve the obstruction. Your doctor or nurse will advise you whether or not enemas or suppositories may be helpful.
Swelling of the abdomen. Symptoms of a bowel perforation include:-
sudden and severe abdominal pain.
nausea and vomiting.
fever.
chills.
swelling and bloating of the abdomen.
Direct signs of perforation may be detectable, particularly if they are associated with other sonographic abnormalities, called indirect signs, like thickened bowel loops and air bubbles in ascitic fluid or in a localized fluid collection, bowel or gallbladder thickened wall associated with decreased or missing bowel motility.
Researchers at the medical school of Athens University found that of the 46 patients who were given Coca-Cola to treat the blockage, the treatment cleared the blockage in half, 19 patients needed additional non-invasive treatment, and four needed full surgery.