Understanding The Imperial March

[@12tone]

Hey, folks! These analysis videos are based on suggestions from our Patreon patrons, so if you have a song you'd like to suggest, just head on over to www.patreon.com/12tonevideos and pledge at any level! Anyway, here's some more thoughts on this song: 1) I didn't get to this part, but one of my favorite sections happens about a minute in, where they extend the melody by adding a couple bars of string tremolo in between each phrase. It starts out with a standard two-bar figure but then as the section develops it starts to get shorter, and the way it slowly collapses back to its original form is really cool. 2) This is, like, super specific, but I want to talk about the Cmi7b5 in bar 16. It's a C chord, so you'd naturally look at it as a kind of IV, but since it has the Gb (or, really, F#) it's got the leading tone, meaning that it's functioning like a dominant chord. It's even got the 4th degree of the scale as well, which makes it a really strong substitute for the V7. I've never seen a IVmi7b5 used like that before and I think it's a really cool trick, kind of like the tritone substitution of the VIImi7b5.

[@xtruthunfiltrd1192]

I've always thought of the Ebm chord in the main phrase as a vague substitute for the dominant. Then, when it moves to the Cm7b5 at the conclusion, it's expanding upon that as sort of an Ebm/C, putting the full tritone in there.

[@soundknight]

Can you do an analysis on Cavatina from The Deer Hunter? The final section before the DC puzzle me.

[@theaegis5795]

How... would you get into trouble with disney when... there are a million and one videos with the imperial march theme? o.0 i don fuckin understand youtube... or disney.....

[@MegaHorrorLP]

Wow. Just Wow. It is Leitmotiv. Not Leitmotif ^^ Deutsche Sprache, Schwere Sprache ^^. And why do you keep drawing elephants that look like the little blue elephant from "Die Sendung mit der Maus"?

[@JimCullen]

Minor correct, the figure you refer to as a trill is really an inverted mordent.

[@Zeknif1]

It takes 8 notes to know that Vader is coming. It takes 2 to know when you need a bigger boat.

[@troyandrade615]

It takes 1 to know Maul is coming?

[@supernutbar]

It only takes one to make emos cry: G

[@mypenisisunbelievablysmall5650]

@@supernutbar stfu

[@jwanbesande2734]

It takes one note to come out of your cage doing just fine

[@jessehammer123]

It takes one to know you’re listening to Seven Nation Army.

[@bromixsr]

Translation for the tone deaf: John Williams is a genius.

[@ralphbrennan7700]

Lol

[@borisc6714]

No! John William is THE man!

[@Paul_The_Spaceman]

Holst

[@maykstuff]

Translation for non composers: John Williams REALLY loves him some Holst..

[@KannikCat]

"It almost feels like it's breathing..." Given this is for Vader, who's suit's ventilator is one of the most recognizable sounds in the trilogy (and in popular culture), this seems very appropriate. :D Nice analysis! Really enjoyed this....

[@kuyaleinad4195]

Oliver Bollmann It also looks eerily identical to an ECG graph XD...

[@darkblades1201]

Technically, its supposed to be for the Empire on general, but Vader is in pretty much every Empire scene, it turned into his theme but it works nicely regardless :)

[@TheChaoticToaster]

John Williams knows how to use music to paint a picture. Even if you have never seen a Star Wars movie in your life, if you heard this tune you would still get this feeling that something wicked is present. In the Empire Strikes back, the first time you hear this, the Imperial Fleet in all of its glory is present and looming over everything in its path.

[@samisugiarta2747]

What I understood: 1: "Hey! 12tone here." 2: "Anyway, thanks for watching."

[@basedbattledroid3507]

You are ready, padawan

[@yzm2065]

I havent the foggiest idea what was being said in this video but it fascinated me.

[@myguydied]

Deep musical theory - he's explaining the musical technique, then the resulting emotion of that technique (or "response", which the audience picks up) Like science, the theory is pretty complex (helped along by the jargon of the art) but the practical (our musical enjoyment) is a whole lot of fun

[@theimpulsivevulcan5346]

all you need is to have played music for 5 or 6 years

[@CailVT]

@@theimpulsivevulcan5346 I am playing music for more than 10 Years and I got only a little clue... How the fuck do I get a Cminor over Bflat Chord on my Snare?

[@XenoghostTV]

@@theimpulsivevulcan5346 Music theory isn't that complicated, 5 years of playing are more than enough to comprehend it at least at a decent level.

[@captainkiwi77]

Xenoghost that statement only really applies to classical and jazz musicians, and definitely not drummers who don’t play mallet percussion

[@MaoTseFunkadelic]

I feel like this guy could analyze the pitch of Chewbacca's growl and come up with three volumes of backstory and character development. Really, I had no idea what was going on this video, but was also terribly impressed. I guess this is what being illiterate is like.

[@ChachoGSX]

Actually the dog that was in Raiders of the Lost Ark......you know what, nevermind.

[@allahcc666]

About cutting down the motif to its first half. The marching feel has been made stronger by omitting the excited last part; this half-motif, hence, evokes the feeling that something is approaching in a more controlled, self-possessed way, which amplifies in a way the original fear or awe inspired by the full motif. The reason that it is not recurring throughout the theme may be that the author didn't want this contained or controlled quality to be the dominant character of his devil.

[@tulliusexmisc2191]

Yes, I think it is a deliberate imperfection to undermine the sense of control. The mask slips. Perhaps Williams meant to show the self-delusion of any authoritarian operation - the Empire no exception. The more effort it spends projecting a facade of stability and control, the more chaos is hidden within. Officials abusing their positions, yes-men promoted far above their ability, terrified minions covering up mistakes or pinning the blame on others. Or perhaps it is less sociology and more psychology. For all its technocratic posturing, the Empire is not guided by a scientific model of a perfect society, however misguided. It is the fruit of an insatiable lust for power and domination. When Vader invites Luke to bring *order* to the galaxy, remember how much emotion James Earl Jones puts into that normally utilitarian word.

[@neurotransmissions]

6:22 I would guess John Williams probably broke the typical pattern to make it more driving and to emphasize the G minor. It's the first place where a pair of bars doesn't start with G as the root. Changing the pattern seems to link that bar to the next one, which returns back to the G (minor). Anyway, awesome awesome video. May the force be with you!

[@heydannypark]

I understand what you guys are saying, but does there ALWAYS have to be a reason? I mean it COULD have just been whimsy, right?

[@decko87]

Yes, repeating the first 2 beats increases expectation for another repetition, which coincides with the tonic G minor chord!

[@jamestheloud]

repeating the first 2 beats also serves as a reservation against forward momentum, which contradicts the listener's expectation without fully subverting it.

[@DerpMuse]

It might just be the human in the music. not the mathematical language to represent the song. I've played songs, then went to transcribe it and after 10 measures or so there is an extra note by one track out of place, but in place in the wind section, and one in the brass. at intervals creating a triplet out of a structured shuffle of time itself, in the language. In John Williams' case it was accidental and just part of his style of playing. not 100% perfect, no one is.

[@anselpeneloperainblossom-s3489]

I have never felt as simple as I feel right now.

[@MuzikBike]

Every time you draw a snowman I can't help but see a triad in it.

[@corrda1993]

Thanks for this! This is one tune that I always had trouble figuring out theoretically. With all the non-tonic tones and dissonant chords I wondered why it's still catchy and doesn't come across like a horror movie soundtrack. Thanks for the explantion!

[@augusto7681]

corrda1993 The rhythm pattern is kind of catchy. And the octave chord break the feel of dissonance in the piece.

[@thetruthchannel349]

the dissonance is really an illusion. Williams does this a lot where he changes chords for ex. from Amin to an Augmented E major chord but leaves the lead in note in the chord with the root note. So hes basically super - imposing a E augmented 7 on top of an Amin chord. he does that in Anakins Theme a lot also. He also does it in the transition from the Emperor/Yoda Obi-Wan/Anakin fight sequences back to Captain Antilles ship. Its almost the same idea as for ex being in A major and progressing to an Emajor chord while leaving A in the bass only your moving from a minor to mathematical equivalent of a like progression. WIlliams does this a lot in scores from the past 40 years of soundtracks. He plays around a lot with texture. Something that is become a lost art in film scoring.

[@coloripple]

6:21 i think they want to put more accent on the 3rd and 4th beat, thus giving more of a marching feel. The rhythmic pattern in the melody during that bar is also similar, which adds to this vibe. However, I don't know why they only did is this one time, as it sounds like a nice change up, and a march vibe does fit the track.

[@PanAndScanBuddy]

Kalkaanuslag Maybe it also implies the uniformity of the stormtroopers that flank the Imperial leadership?

[@MiaMartel64]

Yeah I was gonna say it adds emphasis to the melody's return to something like its original steady rhythm. And I like what Josh Brown is saying about the uniformity of the stormtroopers too. I could see that whole phrase as starting out implying their descent into madness/chaotic battle, and then taking a moment as this phrase wraps up to "realign" a little bit more strongly with their commander as he orders the march onward... Iono..

[@thetruthchannel349]

If you want to understand most of John Williams rhythm choices study Sousa's Marches. Thats basically where all of his rhythms and textures come from in the horn section and percussion section.

[@sonatuzun7020]

6:31 I think that sort of breakdown of rhythmic figure creates a feeling of a more powerful "musical sentence"(a-a-b-a with b feeling a little bit incomplete and there for raising expectations for the final b or at least making final b more conclusive). It also fit nicely with the melody and give us a moment of silence which sounds cool because it's contrasting with all the chaos going on.

[@johnnygotgrowls]

Leia's theme would be a beautiful one to analyze for sure

[@johnnygotgrowls]

Sarcasm? haha

[@Collateralcoffee]

Go to Patreon and pledge, like he says.

[@keenanbartlome8153]

light of the force man

[@tfwnoyandere]

johnny here holy shit

[@johnnygotgrowls]

@@tfwnoyandere it me

[@FoxDren]

Yea, I have no idea what you just said.

[@adammullarkey4996]

Allow me to assist: The bit at 3:26 is talking about how John Williams is a fantastic composer, the bit at 5:14 is about how John Williams is an amazing composer, and the bit from 0:00 through the end of the video is about how John Williams is an incredible composer.

[@NicholasDobbie]

2:42 those chords form the basis of Rey’s theme, had John Williams being teasing her turn to the dark side?

[@danniemann972]

Nicholas Dobbie 😧😨🤯

[@LTdrumma]

She will turn to the dark side

[@nickmonks9563]

Maybe, but I think it's just his choice in this video to play the second inversion of the arpeggio that way. Otherwise, it's just a standard triad in second inversion with that G and A thrown in to make us uncomfortable.

[@Aristocles22]

No, she's not. I'd tell you to see the movie, but it really sucks.

[@crispybacon4240]

+Nonamearisto Tickets already booked and I will continue to ignore all the people saying everything but the original trilogy is garbage.

[@BlazinInfernape]

Surprisingly enough, unlike quite a few people here, I understood all of what you said. I've gotta be honest, you analyzed those 16 measures far better than I could ever hope to analyze any piece of music. It's honestly a shame Star Wars didn't turn out well with these past two movies, Episodes 8 and 9. John Williams really has kept rolling on, just like he used to.

[@DjLepLaz]

"Nonspecific Dissonance" What a name for a badass metal band :D

[@albertolombardimusic]

Hey Jeth I really loved this, thank you! I would add that the main melody being a simple G harmonic minor construction, but underlined with very tense and complex, modulating chords, implies the simplicity of evil (melody) and the rotten, sour content of an evil soul (harmony). Again thanks a lot! Alberto

[@RonnocFroop]

Minor quibble. You drew a TIE Fighter for Vader, when he actually piloted a TIE Advanced. Great analysis, though.

[@NilsKimman]

RonnocFroop im already really glad he knows what a tie fighter is, so i forgive him for this detail :D

[@RCAvhstape]

I'm sure he had every model in his garage.

[@FirstLast-fr4hb]

Few things represent the empire more than star ships

[@jonaskoelker]

NEEEEEERD! ...Said the guy watching a video (over)analyzing the Imperial March.

[@ashscott6068]

Wait...TIe is capitalized? It stands for something? I always thought it was cus they look like bow ties, and wondered why they would call it that, given that nobody in Star Wars wears a tie

[@paganmoon]

part at 4:40 makes me thing of Mary Poppins "a spoonful of sugar makes the medicin go down"

[@BadWebDiver]

Except in that song, the notes actually go up when the lyrics say down. Deliberate choice by the Sherman Brothers (composers) to represent the topsy-tursy magical world of Mary Poppins.

[@legendofFranktheTank]

same interval

[@craigreardon3914]

Rhythmically the lines are similar too, that’s probably why.

[@dafoex]

It's amazing how much emotion you can get out of a catchy tune once you've been taught what all these sounds and structures arbitrarily represent. I came from the Tom Scott colab about SolReSol and it's amazing just how much of a language music is where you have to learn what it means, like there is a dictionary required for it because it's unintuitive unless you have spoken it all your life.

[@jaurisova6]

Great analysis! This theme, along with "Hedwig's Theme" from Harry Potter are some of the most interesting and musically adventurous Williams compositions. I've spent a lot of time trying to figure out why it "works" so well in spite of its intense chromaticism and melodic weirdness. 1. I think it's always useful to remember that JW started out his career as "Johnny Williams" working as a jazz pianist and arranger for Henry Mancini. His compositions show a ton of influence from swing and big band arranging, especially in his use of syncopation, driving rhythm, and altered chords. The Imperial March uses a relentless rhythmic motif and a clear melody as a rock-solid foundation for colorful chord choices. 2. I've also tried to do a detailed roman numeral analysis of this piece, and I think for something so loosely functional that type of analysis can miss the forest for the trees. I would say that none of the harmonies here are "functional" aside from a general sense of consonance and dissonance. Melody is the key here. Take a closer look at the core of the melody in the second half: ornaments and enclosures aside, it's sliding from G - E - Db - Bb - G. It's a simple sequence moving in minor thirds. It's ornamented with arpeggiated harmonies, but I think those are just the icing on the cake. Ask anyone to sing that part of the melody off the top of their head: they'll completely botch the exact tones, but that main idea is super clear, singable, and memorable in any case. 3. Dissonance: if you just look at the bass and the melody, there is actually very little dissonance in this piece. All the outer intervals are nice consonances like tenths and fifths; no minor 9ths, not even any tritones! The dissonances are all concealed in the inner voices, which I think keeps the whole thing feeling solidly in control in spite of the chromaticism. It's predictable in an unpredictable way.

[@BobbyVanStone]

As for the change in the typical pattern of the rhythmic them (at 6:24), I’m a drummer so I’m in the rhythm department, and it got me thinking. The thing that stands out to me most is that the brief change causes the rhythm to line up a quarter note rest with the melody in a spot that is new to the listener; perhaps it could be to further convey how Vader has ultimate control over his powers, mirroring how both the rhythm and melody seem to jump from controlled to somewhat chaotic whenever the song desires. Love your videos, thank you for the lessons!

[@Machtyn]

This is one of my favorite songs and everytime I listen to it, I hear something new. I'm no music major, but if you start to listen to the dissonance in the orchestral piece, it is really to hear all the way through the piece. Everything from the notes to when certain instruments play what seems out of rhythm with the theme.

[@xNewNickx]

My brain melted.

[@lucbauer]

mine two

[@SlippyLegJones]

Mign To.

[@jasonsomers8224]

+Mnignefjollhist LXIX is that why you spelled mine too like mighn to

[@jasonsomers8224]

So did mine

[@jayd6038]

NewNick same

[@jonathankydd1816]

so this music manages to paint, through chord progression, vader as powerful yet restrained, evil but with a spark of hope/good within him. truly complimenting the character. john williams you've done it again.

[@EleumNoice]

Oh my god, this is the first video that I've seen from this channel and I'm really amazed. After graduating school, I really missed some courses especially music and it's theory.. now I think I may have found a very nice alternative :D

[@spongebobsquarepants7388]

The fact that such a well made and deeply informative video paying homage to writing of a song owned by a multi billion dollar global company can't actually use the real recording of the song is honestly criminal to me. Like I just don't understand how that's a thing. Who stands to lose out. Let's not even talk about UMG.

[@RicardoMarlowFlamenco]

2:35 is not correct. The G is not an out note or a pedal, it is the third of the VI chord in key of G minor. The Gb is an enharmonic misspelling of the the raised 7th degree (F#). Yes A is the #11, as normally would occur in the key of G minor. You can then go back and revise all of your “Ebm” triads an rename them correctly as Eb(add#9). You can specify “no 3rd” whenever the G natural doesn’t appear. Basically the harmonic function is a sub for V(b9#5 or b13 more correctly) or iidim7 (F#-A-C-Eb). The enharmonic F#-Gb is producing a similar vibe as the minor iv chord would in the key of Bbmajor (the relative major of Gm) and it is the nature of the harmonic minor scale that creates this nice illusion (augmented interval between 6-7 scale degrees). So very simply, key of G minor using the harmonic minor scale covers the entire section, moving i-VI and back.

[@glenniesewell8054]

This is so wonderful, every single time I listen to it. My students learn how to annotate (explicate) writing. I try to fine things across the curriculum that can also be annotated. I love this piece of music, and think it is a perfect example to use. Thank you so much. To annotate, one tears apart the actual craft of the words, project the author's meaning and intent, and reflect that understanding back to the story, poem, or piece, in order to further understand said writing. What you do here is a perfect example of a person doing it with a piece of music. I have no real technical music intelligence, but am a musical person, and very particular about particular instruments and the notes that such instruments play in a piece. So, this is wonderfully interesting. Thank you, 12tone. -- Glennie; Montpelier, Vermont

[@tibees]

I'm guessing you guys have seen the pencil cover of Cantina?

[@gabor6259]

Tibees, I watch your channel.

[@repguy2020]

Thank you. That was awesome. I really enjoy these videos, especially the cartoons the go along with them to illustrate what's happening in the piece you're looking at.

[@JohnDCrafton]

Came here from the Tom Scott video. Well done, dude! You have a new subscriber. Also you remind me of the 8-bit Music Theory channel. He does similar kinds of videos, but specifically for video game music.

[@cerebrummaximus3762]

Same, 6yrs later.

[@ibowlverywell]

To my ear it seems more like octatonic is being used to craft these chords

[@atelier8584]

'Cause it is being used

[@olabergvall3154]

Put me through the wringer, like always. Stayed focused for every second, loved every second. As always. Amazing what you are putting out there. Keep it up, I'll keep coming back. Side note: I can't even read sheet music all that well, let alone know a 1/100 about music theory as is in these vids.... Doesn't matter in the slightest. Thoroughly enjoyable. Many many thanks 😁

[@joelegant9827]

That's mind boggling, there is a new found respect for the "Imperial March", I just took it for granted all this while...

[@SebaBocaz]

Wow... it's impressive. Every note selected by master Williams to compose this masterpiece. The meaning and how those 16 bars tell us about Vader's personality. I recognize it was a bit difficult to catch out your speech, because English is not my mother language but I could understand it because I strongly wanted to listen and comprehend the analysis given.

[@wscotgrey]

6:21 Thing to remember is Williams was composing for film. If I remember right, that point in the introduction of Vader was him strolling (marching) through the rebel ship. A momentary calm before the storm if you will.

[@jackiepage3111]

The first time it plays was actually over the establishing shots of Vader's starfleet at the beginning of TESB.

[@playandteach]

6:29 Why the rhythmic pattern changes. I've listened a few times - of course you can't hear it in the film anyway - but I think that serves several minor functions. One is to release a little of the energy, another is to follow and highlight the upbeat figure in the melody, and a 3rd possible answer is to accentuate the mediant relationship of the G and Bb in the melody against the following D - to make sure those are heard as part of the Eb major chord, and not as part of the subsequent Gm chord. I'm not claiming that these are the reasons, but they are some of the implications. These are superb videos. Hats off.

[@solarpunch333]

Man, understanding practically everything in these vids makes me feel so powerful

[@wanderingrandomer]

This is super interesting... I just wish I understood literally any of it! If you'd asked me why the Imperial March sounds so good, I probably would've said something like '... I dunno, it sounds a bit scary, I guess.' I've been meaning to look into music theory for ages, but just never found the time. I'll have to check out some of your 'Building Blocks' videos.

[@clark5317]

I know this is the simplest and least in depth explanation (but it's also one of the most important) is that it's in a minor key, meaning it sounds darker. The Force theme is a lot happier, so it's in the major key. Or at least around the major key. If you were to put Imperial march in Major, it would sound the Vader's death from Return of the Jedi. Like, if you were playing on a piano, the bottom left end would be minor, and the right end Major.

[@wanderingrandomer]

Thanks. That's a good start :)

[@clark5317]

WanderingRandomer Yousa welcome!

[@oibruv3889]

@@clark5317 although cogent basic advice the love theme for han and leigha is also in a minor key, yet one would not normally call that a scary cue

[@jonbrown5041]

I love how you drew the horn of plenty when you said "there's a lot to talk about here". Well done.

[@burke615]

I have to tell you, as someone of only a passing acquaintance with music theory, I really liked this video - despite not understanding about half of what you said. :-)

[@MichaelScaggs]

6:27 - The duplication should represent an internal dialogue between Vader and Anakin. Vader being the Id and Anakin being the Ego. This shows that there is more going on behind that mask than we can see/hear at the time and lends to the base for him pushing to turn Luke as opposed to just crushing him. John Williams is a master of character music and even making the scenery a character through the music as well (Binary Sunset?).

[@ryttyr14]

As someone who can't read a sheet of notes anymore than I can see in absolute darkness I found this video very interesting as I didn't understand a thing of what you were talking about yet understood what you were trying to get across.

[@marionotarangelo6856]

I'm pretty sure that one rhythm is supposed to emphasize the melody better. Listen at 6:48 to how it lines up well with that final punctuation. It also emphasizes the rhythm difference between the 16th note triplets and the dotted 8th-16th note rhythm because they line up with each other, but it overall sounds more powerful on where the G's line up.

[@Dupuisonfire]

i've been studying this video over and over. It's so good

[@janosrock]

6:28 i think it's meant to evoke an army marching into formation and standing at the ready.

[@ytsejam58]

6:50. I don't know what it is, but that first chord gives me the good chills every time. It wasn't until I really listened to this song on the album closely that I noticed it, and I love it.

[@PTNLemay]

I've always known that music had a science to it (if only because it's based on acoustics) but... you really opened my eyes to the notion of proper analysis of music. This was cool.

[@yeetleskeet854]

Oh trust me bro, Ireland is the land of fields and rain. We've completely forgot what snow is.

[@ryannicholls3662]

I'm in the southern hemisphere. It's getting warm :D

[@tomaszwota1465]

Ryan Nicholls lucky bastard. :P

[@unoriginalusernameno999]

The rhythm repeats itself because there is so much going on that any sign of monotony will insuce boredom. By purposely inducing boredom and then changing the notes drastically it gives the listener satisfaction. Atleast it for me :D

[@richard.lucasfm]

First time watching your videos... I LOVE THAT CHANNEL MAN! WAS SEARCHING FOR THIS ALL MY (MUSIC STUDENT) LIFE

[@mastersteve78]

Excellent way of your explanation of this awesome piece of music, love your channel! Keep up the great work!

[@IExistSometimes]

I understood none of this but it definitely sounds interesting and you clearly know what you're talking about so that's fine.

[@ragnkja]

I want to know more!

[@mariebcfhs9491]

imperial march normally: powerful marching song but doesn't sound THAT dark imperial march when you dissect it's melody: REALLY DARK

[@maximumbrap8237]

6:28 First of all, great video! Very interesting, I will be subscribing. As for the change in rhythm for that measure, I'd agree with previous comments that it sort of creates a driving feel or perhaps a little more urgency to get to the next segment. The main rhythm is something that best fits as 4/4 but the change up could fit better as two measures of 2/4. Its also technically simpler and has those quarter notes on 1 and 3 that, although I don't believe they were actually written with accents, have an accented FEEL to them. I've done similar things on guitar (granted I write progressive rock and metal) where I want to move part of a progression along with some urgency; I might do just four quarter notes if its in 4/4 in the middle of a more complicated rhythm and have the drums the rest of the band follow in a staccato fashion.

[@thinkingape7655]

It’s been widely accepted that John got his ideas from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 in B flat minor and on "Mars, the Bringer of War" by Gustav Holst.

[@kingpunchwood6187]

It’s not widely accepted

[@jspartacus]

I think you missed the entire point of the main theme. While it eventually became associated with Darth Vader, it is at its core a military march, describing the crushing might and subjugating presence of the Imperial forces.

[@Pilbaran00b]

Fuck, you explained that really well. I've always loved hearing something I've sort of understood in my head explained properly. Very interesting, especially with your deep knowledge of music theory. Thanks! Also thanks for making a Tom Scott video - glad to have found you through there :)

[@Kntrabssi]

Awesome video. I think that range also plays a big part of making this theme feel so ominous. Those are some awfully close intervals in the bass clef, and the clashing overtones gives it a very dark and doomy sound. Can't for the life of me figure why he would change the rhythm in that one bar, unless he just wanted to give it some rhythmic variety. But then why would every other measure follow the same rhythm? The two against three in the melody vs the accompaniment has happened a bunch of times by that point, and there's nothing clashing harmonically. Excellent video as always!

[@samuelnlimon]

It also pretty cool to notice that the main melody spells out an Eb major chord. Eb G Bb. This major chord over the G minor-ish peddle tones givies us a sence of conflict in the music and in Darth Vader aluding to his eventual turn to the Light Side in ROTJ. John Williams is a genius.

[@anthonybilotta1461]

( 6:40 )he might've repeated the rhythmic pattern to symbolize an error that eventually leads to the "downfall" of the piece. This might foreshadow the "downfall@ of Darth Vador's "evilness" and therefore his power.

[@rogeriusrex1]

Narrowing all this down to just a piano is almost like listening to Thelonious Monk covering John Williams. Dig it.

[@KubrickFR]

I feel sad about lacking the knowledge to understand the basics of this video... Is there any shortcuts to understand the basis of music theory?

[@clark5317]

Mathieu LANCE Well, I know hardly anything myself, but unless you're not really interested, skipping around is probably a bad idea.

[@zandraxofnebulon]

do you know how to play any instruments? Learning that, and how to read sheet music, is imo pretty important in understanding anything beyond that, or at least, a good first step. not quick but tbh i cant think of a quick way to learn it

[@theimpulsivevulcan5346]

bruh, just git gud

[@jasonqiu9753]

12tone has a series on the basics

[@jmattos]

Holy shit. This is awesome. I'v never studied music, but this stuff FASCINATES me. So cool! I find music like this to be genius on a level that I cant even fathom... I just watched "Score" on itunes and I cant get enough.

[@cabaseball9cars]

6:22 I have no musical theory knowledge, but one of my guesses, is that he changed the rhythm to introduce the change from Eb minor to Eb major. Just a thought tho.

[@bronsoncarder2491]

6:30 I have no idea what I'm really talking about here, I learned most of my orchestration knowledge from... Well, you, 12Tone. lmao But, I have two ideas: 1. That slight stalling effect kinda feels equivalent to a rest, without giving up the rhythmic intensity and momentum. In a less "aggressive" song, that measure might have just been empty, a bit of a calm before the storm, making the next section feel even more intense. Here, I see it as representing the idea that Vader does not rest, and even his quiet moments are just anticipation for the next battle. 2. It feels like it foreshadows the end of that section, for me. You went till the end of Bar 16, but that section ends a few bars later, ending with what feels to me like a very similar rhythm to what you've described at 6:30. At the end of that section, all of the raw power of the first section is just gone, replaced with a much more mysterious and quieter section that slowly builds that menace up behind it. So, the idea I get from it is that the first part is Vader when he's out doing his Vader thing. Killing people, choking insubordinates, that kind of thing. The second section, then, represents Vader when he's alone, in his pod that is his hell, the only place where he can breathe normally and be himself. And, this little stutter, this little bit of confusion, represents him thinking about going back to that place, or him longing for a time when he doesn't have to. This small little rhythmic weirdness can be said to foreshadow the good in Vader, the part of him that is confused about the menacing killer he has become, that longs to be something else. I could be completely wrong with both of these ideas. Really, I just wanted to kind of try out your style of finding narrative in composition. It's amazing to me, the little things that can represent sweeping narrative arcs. It's honestly my favorite kind of musical analysis that I've encountered.

[@benjamingonzalez5856]

I freakin' love this channel. Also, it would be greatly appreciated if you decided to analyze a metal song like "Master of Puppets" or even some industrial metal like "Du Hast" or "Dragula" (You mentioned in video how you used to listen to Rob Zombie). I hope I'm not asking for too much, but either way keep doing what you're doing cause you're doing a great job!

[@georgedomse]

Maybe Hotel Calfornia next? The Hell Freezes Over version is packed with harmonies and the bass line is simply out of this world... not to mention one of the most iconic rock solos of all time.

[@kimokeokeahi8526]

Doctor! My brain hurts!

[@WeslarWaven]

😁

[@gorillaau]

Ahhh. We'll have to operate.

[@ham00d53]

HALLO

[@mikeshaver-miller745]

I think that Williams was letting the rhythm open up to let the melody hit a little harder. It reminds me of a painting; where often the underpainting can change the quality of the colours on top, and by removing that underpainting abruptly you can get a more satisfying look at the colour the artist presents.

[@Zayelion]

around the 6:30-640 mark I think that its showing that vaders power isnt "completely controlled", and dissipates even as he tries to control it, it reverts to its natural state in stages,... rather painfully. And vader is al about being in constant pain.

[@JasonChamberlain]

Loved this! I really feel that gloved fist punching high into the air on the first octave jump.

[@mitchlg531]

I think the g-minor to Eb major is an alternative dominate chord. In the g harmonic minor scale the 6 chord is technically Eb major but since the harmonic scale has the raised 7th you can also use eb minor. I feel like the eb minor is a alteration for d7b9 b6. Eb is the flat 9, f# is the 3rd and Bb is the b6. (The root isn’t played in the chord but is somewhat implied) I’m not sure what the technically term for this alteration but it’s really nice. It’s not a perfect cadence buts a really special one. Same with the the c minor b5. It’s basically the dominant chord but it’s just alternated and doesn’t have the root.

[@bryede]

I always thought going from the stacked G's into the chord was clever because it concentrates all the weight of the measure at the end. The G's sound more like a percussive intro to the E flat minor chord, which seems like it comes from a different place creating a see-saw effect.

[@matthewparker9276]

I am day late, but happy 90th birthday to Williams.

[@thetruthchannel349]

If you want to 'understand' Williams style its basically John Phillip Sousa, Wagner and Tchaikovsky rolled up into one thing. At least that explains his composing voice and his orchestration choices. Ive always thought its a very unique combination of influences.

[@flame1154]

I'd venture that the rhythmic variation at 6:22 is included, not as a device to emphasise any notes, but simply as a rhythmic device. While the melody has now painted Vader's personality, the change in the well established rhythm almost alters our proximity to him, making him unpredictable, which could reflect the way in which Vader is always one step ahead of the heroes in the film.

[@Psiberzerker]

"If you have any guesses, let me know in the comments..." 6:27 It's a bridge, for one. Beyond that, it repeats a minor theme, only massively sped up. This breaks tempo, but with the familiar minor theme, so it feels familiar, and yet URGENT! and then it's gone again, before it registers... ? I guess.

[@Psiberzerker]

Do Planet Dada (Flamboyant) from The Eye, by Yello. Or Close to the Edit/Beat Box #2 by Art of Noise. Doesn't really matter which. There's lots of musical theory on classical pieces, and at this point, The Imperial March is a classical work, but not nearly enough on experimental electronic anti-pop/no-wave. If you're looking for a challenge, Einsturzende Neubauten - Ende Neue (Ende Neue)

[@augusto7681]

According to Rick Beat this piece have a lot of polychords. I think the A note can be explained by that. Another curious fact is that The imperial March was inspired in the suite "the planets :Mars" by Gustave Holst

[@genessab]

Oh Tom, thank you for recommending me this wonderful channel

[@ericcajigas3731]

Star wars is some of the best music made for a movie idk if good ol John did this on purpose or what but it's genius

[@acesound6017]

The cutting of the marching rhythm in half I think is meant to create tension by speeding up the phrase, similar to the jaws theme or a dubstep rise

[@ayidas]

All I can say to this is FUCK YEAH. You nailed it. Also nice analogy with my man Sonic 6:12

[@PebProductions46]

I think that rhythmic change where the first have is repeated twice is meant to emphasize the quasi-return to the opening melody. In other words, it's just showing that something's changing.

[@joechip1232]

Great video and had to say that the dove illustration is lovely :) gj :)

[@svetislavveselinovic8840]

As a music theory imbecile I enjoy your videos to the point of envy, please never stop being you!

[@zachary4670]

My favorite moment in this song is the last phrase where he plays that iconic melody but harmonizes it with random crap. It’s so dissonant and polytonal but it sounds so fantastic

[@PatrickHogan]

God, I love this channel.

[@mastersteve78]

Patrick Hogan I so agree, I love how explains the theory of different songs and this one is now one of my favorites!

[@The_Old_Wolf]

John Williams may be a genius, but it takes one to know one and 12tone has the chops to analyze music right down to the bare metal and make his analysis interesting to a musical duffer like me. Well done! ♫ ♥ ♫

[@rkwatchauralnautsjediparty7303]

Really cool analysis, I wish I understood any of it! I know nothing of musical theory and don't even know where to begin to learn, but I knows what I likes. Now to pull out my ESB score--this could last a while...

[@jordenpeterkin7322]

I never in my life taken apart music like that I just try to play my part and hope it sounds good

[@copperhamster]

I can't explain it because I'm not a music person but there's a really interesting version of the Imperial March that was part of the 'iMuse' music in Tie Fighter. They changed both the Imperial March and the Rebel leitmotif to make the Imperial version sound like the Heroic one and the Rebel version the imposing villain one. Also, even though we don't hear it in a movie until Empire Strikes back, they actually use the basic Leitmotif in the vector Star Wars arcade game for when Vader shows up... which was released between the first two movies.

[@matthewjamestaylor]

Awesome video!! Your instruction is outstanding. I look forward to all of your videos. Cheers.

[@rmdodsonbills]

I really like the use of Technetium to indicate something rare! If you've already decided to go with the periodic table reference, it would have been so easy to just go with one of the Lanthanides or Actinides (rare earth elements) but Tc is really the perfect choice, in part because it isn't necessarily obvious. Excellent!