Chemical/Laboratory Techniques: Column Chromatography

Column chromatography is based on the same principle as Thin Layer Chromatography ( • Chemical/Laboratory Te... ) but enables the separation of different components from a reaction mixture on a preparative scale. While using Silica or Aluminium oxide as the stationary phase (the most commonly applied), the mobile phase is an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvents. The stationary phase consists of an adsorbing material, which is used as a powder instead of being attached to glass or aluminium foil as in TLC. The stationary phase is packed into the column and the reaction mixture is added to the top part of the packed column. By running the mobile phase (eluent) through the column, the components will elute from the column at different times. When using silica as a stationary phase, it is possible to apply (air) pressure to the column, causing the mobile phase to run faster and the chromatography to be quicker (flash chromatography).
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