Urdu's Transition From Hindi To Pakistan's National Language With Dr Tariq Rehman

Dr. Tariq Rehman, an academic scholar & writer in this series with New Wave History talks about his book “From Hindi to Urdu: A social & political history’ and divesdeep into the fascinating social history of the Urdu language.
We explore how the language evolved, starting from its early references as "Hindi" in the 13th century to its transformation into what we now know as Urdu. The episode covers key historical moments such as the language's rise in the 18th century, its association with Mughals, and how it absorbed influences from Persian, Arabic etc.

[@iip]

Please consider watching a video we made on 'Are Hindi and Urdu really different' - the Hindi you refer to is 'Hindavi' - the mix of Awadhi, Braj Bhasha, Kannauji, etc which got Persianised to form Hindustani from which both Urdu (persianised hindustani) and Hindi (sanskritised hindustani) emerged

[@samwienska1703]

Bro! Waiting for your video on Malayalam language! Hope it is uploaded soon.

[@Playerone1287]

Actually you were wrong in that video This professor seems right

[@parjanyashukla176]

@@iip The idea of languages as compartmentalized categories is not at all an Indic idea, and it is not valid in Asia at all.

[@Montecristo1805]

The language was called under British rule as Hindustani: it branched into Urdu and Hindi.

[@parjanyashukla176]

It was only known as such in early stages of British rule only. British employed both Hindi and Urdu in United Provinces from 1900 onwards. In Punjab only Urdu was legal. For all practical purposes grammatical perspective is just useless.

[@Khordmand]

Hindi means ancestor of today's Urdu and modern Hindi lol!!!!

[@parjanyashukla176]

Yes, what's incorrect there? You can say : Medieval Hindavi split into Modern Hindi and Modern Urdu.

[@Zarghaam12]

No it doesn't. Hindi is an Ancient Persian word mean Indian! The language we call Urdu had other names, like Hindavi (a Persian construction), Rekhta (a Persian drivation), and laslty Urdu from the Urdu poet, Mushafi's description of the language: "zabaan-e-Urdu-e-mu'alla" coined in the 18th century.

[@vatsalj7535]

​@@Zarghaam12well Hindi is one of them, it means Indian and have been used to refer to many languages but most notably for the language we call Urdu today aswell. That of course does not mean Hindi of that time = modern standard Hindi

[@INDIANATHEIST526]

​@Zarghaam12 indian and hindi are two different things. hindi originated from central indian languages, and urdu is 80% hindi+20% persian

[@Khordmand]

@@Zarghaam12 Well, the term Hind originates from the Vedic sapta Sindhu, meaning the land of seven rivers, referring to the regions of Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and parts of eastern and southern Afghanistan. It is cognate with Avestan hepta hendu where Persian traditionally replaced the S with an H. Sindh is the only region that has preserved this name throughout history. It’s knows as Hind when it was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. As far as Urdu is concerned, as a language, it developed by blending elements of Persian, Arabic, and local dialects such as Brij Bhasha or Awadhi. Over time, it evolved into the formal Urdu language, primarily spoken in the courts of the Mughals, Nawabs, and by the aristocracy (ashraafs). Its vernacular form was known as Hindustani and spoken by the masses. The Hindi language, as we know it today, emerged in the 19th century. It was essentially created at Fort William College, where Hindu scholars were financially incentivized to write Hindustani (the colloquial form of Urdu) in the Devanagari script. This marked the birth of a new language Hindi. Hindustani got a new script and some vocabulary form Sanskrit. Urdu was the lingua franca of the northern part of the Sub-continent even at the time of Partition, and it remains widely spoken in parts of India even today. It is still the language of Bollywood. The British played a role in this linguistic division, aiming to divide people further along the religious and ethnic line. By fostering the creation of Hindi, they achieved a significant milestone in this effort.

[@djawalikar2006]

yaar mera khushboo ki tarah... jiski zubaa urdu ki tarah... This is the most beautiful,expressive and loved language by the people

[@lilone286]

Most verbs that Urdu uses have their roots in sanskrit like kha, pee, ro, baith, likh, chal, khel, aao, jao etc. The script of Urdu also was modified to account for Indian words. So they have aspirated consonants like kh, gh, ch, jh, th, dh, rh, thh, dhh, ph, bh. These consonants are not there in Arabic or Persian. This is another easy giveaway to tell if the word in urdu is native to the indian subcontinent. Even some of the imported arabic or persian consonants are not pronounced exactly as in these languages. Zal, Zoe, zwad all have the sàme sound in urdu. The typical arabic consonant like ع (Ayn) which has characteristic sound of a buffalo grunt when spoken by arabic soeakers is not pronounced in the same way in Urdu.

[@mehmoodahmed893]

only 30 percent words urdu used from ansakirit khari boli awadhi and bhoj pori and 70 percent from arabic persian and turkish language

[@vijayaditya2003]

Entire grammar / framework and language skeleton of Urdu is Hindi, which is peppered with words from invaders language Farsi/ Arabic and Afghani languages

[@samwienska1703]

​@@mehmoodahmed893 not at all. In urdu they use Araboc vocabulary with "karna" and form the verbs. Just like in Hindi today they use "press karna" "lift karna", etc. The skeleton of Urdu is Sanskrit. Without Sanskrit urdu cannot function.

[@mehmoodahmed893]

​​@@samwienska1703 yes the base of urdu is sansakirit urdu derive from sansakirit bcx we r also naive people of hindustan and after the combination of bhojpuri awadhi khari boli arabic persian turkish but there is no roll of hindi bcx urdu is older than from hindi hindi has no litrature before the 19 th century and hindi is also the word of farsi

[@DKS_London]

Difference between Hindi and Urdu -- if you add 10-20% Persian and Arabian words to Hindi it becomes Urdu.

[@Xyz-pv2bt]

That's what they did to Urdu. They replaced Persian and Arabic words with Sanskrit and other local indian languages and used Nagri written style instead of Persian. That's how they formed modern day Hindi.

[@DKS_London]

@@Xyz-pv2bt I don't think this is correct, Hindi was always prevalent in the Indian subcontinent. Sanskrit is the most ancient language of the Indian subcontinent from which other Indian languages got derived including Hindi. Persian was the court language during the mughal rule and that's how the Persian and Arabic words got added to Hindi. Still there are many Persian and Arabic words still used in Hindi.

[@romeshsharma4305]

Munshi Prem Chand was the best writer of stories in Urdu as well as Hindi. But after partition, I never hear his name from Pakistan media. Is it because he was from Hindu community? I was a Urdu student in my school like my father and great father, but I know Hindi as well as Gurumukhi ( Punjabi) too. It was partition when Pakistan declared that Urdu is a language of Muslims and intertwined it one religion, the interest of Urdu started to decline. That is why Pakistan know least about Munshi Prem Chand.

[@MUHAMMADRIZWAN-fx9xc]

We are taught munshi prem Chand and Gulzar in school,college and universities as well in Pakistan.

[@romeshsharma4305]

@@MUHAMMADRIZWAN-fx9xc oh mere Allah buraain se buchana mujhko..

[@NewWaveHistory]

Munshi Premchand and Rajinder Singh Bedi are taught in Pakistani textbooks.

[@laulaksiddique6160]

I read a story by him in school in Pakistan

[@mehmoodahmed893]

munshi prem chund is best afsana teller of urdu so dont worry about munshi prem chund his afsane is included in text book of urdu

[@AshokGupta-oq6hs]

That is a great interpretation Sir. But it won't make Pakistan army,elite,and citizens happy at all You might end up blacklisted or ostracized in Pakistan. Any thing that connects/links to word hindu/hindi is abhorrent to Pakistan,the major legacy of Mr Jinnah.

[@tnemeganam1]

The invaders who destroyed the indigenous people of Bharat, The Shudras, took their land, knowledge, imposed breast tax and still don't a;;ow them to enter temples should not blame others.

[@nishu413]

Looks like all commentators on this video's comment section are biased by their political leaning He is giving only various names of languages before 18 th century. It is his belief that it was hindi but not modern hindi. He is also giving reasons of belief and also origin of word urdu as well.

[@parjanyashukla176]

What is inaccurate here?

[@EntropyInfo]

There is nothing like Rajput Muslim.... Urdu may be language developed by popat Muhammad in arab

[@susantadeb7666]

Persian always influenced many Indian languages from time before Islam because of common Indo European roots . Vande Mataram.

[@parjanyashukla176]

@@susantadeb7666 Yes you have identified a critical component of the issue.

[@AspirantKanishka]

Not agree at all. Hindavi language was totally based on Sanskrit. Intruders mixed Persian in it and called hindustani. Hindustani split into 3 languages. Hindi which is a sanskritazed version of hindavi, Urdu which has much Persian, Arabic, Turkish words and 3rd is spoken hindavi, which has limited Persian. Hindus use less foreign words in this 3rd language and muslims add more. What we all speak is neither Hindi or Urdu. It's the mean way. Here is the explanation: Spoken language: Maatribhasha hamare vichaar aur bhavanaon ko baayan karne ka sabse swabhaavik tarika hai. Urdu: Maan boli hamare khiyalat aur jazbaat ko izhaar karne ka sab se qudrati zariya hai. Hindi : Matribhasha hamare vichaar aur bhavanaon ko vyakt karne ka sabse prakritik madhyam hoti hai. English: Our mother tongue is the most natural way to express our thoughts and emotions.

[@shadr8994]

There was no "HINDI" prior to the arrival of the British. It was either Sanskrit or Pali (modern day Nepali). Urdu is a mix of Farsi and Nepali (Hindi) just like English is a mix of Latin and German.

[@parjanyashukla176]

@@shadr8994 How does Nepali come into the picture 🤣 Does Nepali have grammatical gender?

[@darvesh1571]

The topic is Hindi -Urdu origin The Audience is Hindi Urdu speaking yet it’s being explained in language that has nothing to do with the whole region, English. That’s the dilemma , we are slave .

[@rohitpawa1871]

What is a language..?..language is simply grammer and syntex... Any language words can be put into hindi sentence it will remain hindi because of it inherent grammer and syntex...similer is the case in other languages ...urdu is basically hindi grammer with arabic and persian words with persian and arabic scripts

[@parjanyashukla176]

Hindi grammar and structure is Persianate in origin, vocabulary is Sanskritic Apabhramsha.

[@vatsalj7535]

​@@parjanyashukla176how is Hindi grammar from Persian? Or what quality of it qualifies it as Persian as opposed to it's other neighbouring languages like braj ? Punjabi? Or haryanvi?

[@parjanyashukla176]

​@@vatsalj7535 Let me ask a counter question - what is the problem even if it is? And also, another question, what even makes you think that Punjabi, Braj Bhasha, and blah blah are so distinct from each other that they cannot influence each other? They're not living in watertight compartments!

[@hawkingdawking4572]

No.... A British made country, religion and language???!!!! 1. Hindi was made as a new language by the missionaries in the oriental college of Calcutta by combining various northern dilects and heavy infusion of Sanskrit. 2. Hinduism was made up around 1812 as a 'religion'. The followers were a minority until the 1871 census and after that casteless, AthiShudras, Chandalas etc were declared overnight as Hindus without the converts themselves knowing that they were Hindus by then. Thus Hindus becomes majority. 3. Santhana Dharma was cooked up in the early 1900s by the foreigner Annie Besant by copying the word from the Budhist scripture 'Dhammapada'. 4. New country called 'Bharat' is invented for the newly evolving British empire of the Indies or the Indian region.

[@mehmoodahmed893]

urdu is older then hindi urdu is based on sansakirit gramnar with combination of awadhi bhojpuri khari boli arabic persian languages hindi hindavi hindustani rekhta all r old name of urdu there is no language exist called hindi before 19th century no literature available

[@jauzihalwa]

Hindi is just an old name of Urdu. The modern Hindi used by India today is a Sanskritized version

[@priyamastibhati]

Urdu is just the arabaized or persianized dialect of the indigenous Hindi. Like the modern Hindi sprinkled with a whole bunch of English-French words by the English medium educated idiots. Colonial Brit divide-rule geopolitics resulted in the fight of the script usage (Devanagari vs Persia-Arabic) within the local populations. The Brit fomented division of the indivisible - result is partition, mayhem, exploitation post-Independence by the West and now totalitarianism China (that supremely proclaims one China but ironically two Indias).

[@hawkingdawking4572]

A British made country, religion and language???!!!! 1. Hindi was made as a new language by the missionaries in the oriental college of Calcutta by combining various northern dilects and heavy infusion of Sanskrit. 2. Hinduism was made up around 1812 as a 'religion'. The followers were a minority until the 1871 census and after that casteless, AthiShudras, Chandalas etc were declared overnight as Hindus without the converts themselves knowing that they were Hindus by then. Thus Hindus becomes majority. 3. Santhana Dharma was cooked up in the early 1900s by the foreigner Annie Besant by copying the word from the Budhist scripture 'Dhammapada'. 4. New country called 'Bharat' is invented for the newly evolving British empire of the Indies or the Indian region.

[@priyamastibhati]

@@hawkingdawking4572 For the colonials, we got “discovered “ by the Europeans. So no Hindi before the “missionaries”?

[@priyamastibhati]

@@hawkingdawking4572 Do tell us that Vasco “discovered” us. Delusions galore.

[@hawkingdawking4572]

@@priyamastibhati Good attempt with ANI style propaganda. But same pathetic Tanatan lie. Vasco Da Gama discovered marine route to the Indies. Not discovered India.

[@priyamastibhati]

@@hawkingdawking4572 The route that has been plied for centuries between India and Africa. How is that discovery? He was taken from Africa to India by the Indian vessels and he just tagged along. The English have lost their flash-in-pan empire or colonies but their descendent minds are yet to be cleaned of deceitful lies.

[@shrinathsavoor3977]

Dear Mr Rehman, have you considered that the term 'Gujari" for Hindi mentioned by you may well refer to a language spoken by Gujars, a prominent ethnic group in and around the Indian capital city of Delhi, and not to "Gujarati"

[@parjanyashukla176]

You are absolutely correct. At that time, Delhi must have had inhabitants from other communities as well, but their dialect would have been different.

[@shabbirkhan-sy5kk]

Urdu is actually Hindi and the muslims of subcontinent are actually Hindus. Brahmins and their shudras that they control arent Hindus. Garv se kaho ham Hindu hai.

[@khalidrashad-xu8xe]

Languages are termed living because they are changing all the time and can eventually die . It is obvious that Urdu is like a river in which water from many tributaries flow making it a rich and very eloquent language . Arguing that the river is better than the tributaries or vice versa is not only a waste of time but a rather dimwitted endeavor.

[@Xyz-pv2bt]

Your video title is confusing unless someone watch the video. If you mean by Hindi, not the today Hindi spoken in India then you should have used the name Hindvi. The modern day Hindi, itself trying to get rid of Urdu shadows..

[@tariqyousaf9542]

As we were taught, Urdu is combination of many languages, Arabic Turkish Persian vocabulary has strong influence on Urdu as well as Hindi along with some of the english and french vocabulary. Which makes it different from Hindi. Arabic alphabets are used to write Urdu. Hindi has it's own vocabulary, today"s most of hindi vocabulary has been replaced by Urdu vocabulary, If you track the origins of Urdu words, these words will take you back to Arabic Persian and Turkish most of it. On the other hand Hindi is Sanskrit the sacred language of Hinduism, the language of classical Hindu philosophy, and of historical texts of Buddhism and Jainism.

[@adnansiddiqui7177]

@@tariqyousaf9542 we are confusing Hindi with Sanskrit. The words urdu derived from Sanskrit, we perceived them as Hindi words because Hindi also derived it from Sanskrit

[@vimalkumar3815]

In hindi jo aap bol rahe ho ya kaih rahe ho..woh Hindi ka tarika ya lehja hai...dear Urdu ki birth place yaha awadh uttar Pradesh India hai..ji hindu ne Islam accept Kiya unko arbi Farsi nahi aati thi..yeh Karan hai ki Urdu ka jaam hota hai. 😊😊.

[@tariqyousaf9542]

@@vimalkumar3815 you'll have to keep the history in mind to figure out the origin of language of this region. When Arabs conquered and ruled this region they not only introduced the religion but along with that they even set Arabic as official language of Arab ruled areas of this region. It was the same situation with Turks, and their descendants who were from Taskand and Bukhara who ruled these regions for thousand of years. So you are telling me that those who conquered these regions had great influence of religion and yet no influence of Language at all on these regions? Todays Hindi ithat is spoken at Indian side is most of Urdu language which is combination of Arabic Turkish and Persian languages vocabulary with evolved sansikrit.

[@hawkingdawking4572]

A British made country, religion and language???!!!! 1. Hindi was made as a new language by the missionaries in the oriental college of Calcutta by combining various northern dilects and heavy infusion of Sanskrit. 2. Hinduism was made up around 1812 as a 'religion'. The followers were a minority until the 1871 census and after that casteless, AthiShudras, Chandalas etc were declared overnight as Hindus without the converts themselves knowing that they were Hindus by then. Thus Hindus becomes majority. 3. Santhana Dharma was cooked up in the early 1900s by the foreigner Annie Besant by copying the word from the Budhist scripture 'Dhammapada'. 4. New country called 'Bharat' is invented for the newly evolving British empire of the Indies or the Indian region.

[@ramzan6949]

Urdu Isn't Hindi 😂. Urdu language follow hindi grammar but vocabulary is most different. Urdu language vocabulary have vast majority persian word, Arabic word, Turkish word,Sanskrit words. The sound of Urdu is cool and sweet than Hindi. Bollywood songs are mostly Urdu than hindi.

[@iqtidarbaig8532]

urdu palyed havoc to subcontinent، first it was used as instrument to divide subcontinent then again used to divide pakistan۔

[@parjanyashukla176]

Urdu ka hai andaaz-e-bayaan aur! 😂

[@mehmoodahmed893]

its is first defence against hindu mushrik culture

[@WELSHDESI]

Salam Professor If British 🇬🇧 never colonised India, will be Muslims of North India (Pakistan) be speaking Urdu or certain dialect of Farsi? Thank u

[@arifkidwai293]

Dr Rehman To begin with, this podcast on Urdu should be in Urdu. Why do you have English fever? And your English is not great either in relation to fluency. Bollywood films are in pure Urdu, but Indian call it Hindi in utter disrespect and enmity towards the word Urdu. Despite writing a book your knowledge of Urdu is shallow. The only person in the entire sub continent and the entire world of Urdu-understanding is Mr Justice Markandey Katju. He can speak eloquently on Urdu hours and hours on its history, structure, beauty and its importance and relevance to the Indian sub continent. Justice Katju is no doubt a genuine linguist and an authority on Urdu.

[@jahangirqaisar1199]

Everyone knows hindi is originated from urdu do number professor sahib

[@spritualist6519]

I know it's hard to digest the truth.

[@atanumandal3586]

Every brain-washed Pakistani thinks hindi originated from urdu....

[@aadityaalok2064]

😂😂 hindi se pehle urdu aaya.. Kis madarssa me padha hai

[@parjanyashukla176]

The two are not even different, so saying one came from other is meaningless. Modern Urdu of Pakistan is basically Punjabized Hindi. Urdu of Ghalib's era is mostly dead.

[@saadsalman6641]

He made it clear that when he uses the word hindi, he is not referring to modern hindi

[@vineetdeorari8017]

Asli abbu ko taslim karo 😂😂😂

[@Gilgitpost]

same language ( grammar based) with different periods of time and people A language might based on grammar Otherwise Punjabi and farSi has also two scripts

[@mintusaren895]

Urdu is mixture of hindutani and parsia.

[@bipinjoshi5215]

Urdu is nothing but Hindi written in Persian Script and infested by Persian and Arabic words.

[@parjanyashukla176]

Hindi and Urdu are basically the same language. It's actually the mental model or the emotional state of the speaker that creates the difference - and that is not relevant in linguistics obsessed with grammar only.

[@shashlek5751]

Hindi word is Urdu language. Hindi was created from Urdu by replacing those middle Eastern langauge words with classical Sanskrit in 1800s

[@parjanyashukla176]

@@shashlek5751 That was expansion of vocabulary for the modern world, but the core structure of both is the same.

[@shashlek5751]

@@parjanyashukla176 it was popularised because of sultanates who used nastaliq just like Urdu.

[@parjanyashukla176]

​@@shashlek5751 Sultanates were highly unstable governments, I don't think they had a clear linguistic policy.

[@mintusaren895]

History ,not divided

[@JeetuKumarYadav-ow8jq]

Agree with you

[@4cutaatmaram]

True

[@mehmoodahmed893]

😂😂😂 ab jb hindi chl nahi rahi log samajhte nahi log urdu bolte hain or kaha jata hai k hindi bol rahe hain to urdu ko boht koshish k baad bhi khatam na krsaki indian hindu govt sb films or songs urdu mai bnte hain srf naam lga hota hai hindi films only tag hindi films

[@Playerone1287]

I think grammer should have be givrn more weightage while deciding whether a language is mixed or not Words to kitne hi daal lo

[@alamjitgrewal5238]

Rekhta is actually RAYTA LANGUAGE.

[@hawkingdawking4572]

A British made country, religion and language???!!!! 1. Hindi was made as a new language by the missionaries in the oriental college of Calcutta by combining various northern dilects and heavy infusion of Sanskrit. 2. Hinduism was made up around 1812 as a 'religion'. The followers were a minority until the 1871 census and after that casteless, AthiShudras, Chandalas etc were declared overnight as Hindus without the converts themselves knowing that they were Hindus by then. Thus Hindus becomes majority. 3. Santhana Dharma was cooked up in the early 1900s by the foreigner Annie Besant by copying the word from the Budhist scripture 'Dhammapada'. 4. New country called 'Bharat' is invented for the newly evolving British empire of the Indies or the Indian region.

[@Playerone1287]

​@@hawkingdawking4572rukja mere Pakistani IT cell wale

[@mehmoodahmed893]

ab indians ko urdu se kya parishani hai ose us ki jayepedaish UP or dehli se desh nkala k bad ab wo pakistanio ki connecting language hai or urdu sub continent k muslims ki connecting language balochistan se lekr bangal tk muslims aik islam or dosre urdu zaban ki waja se connect hain ab ye urdu dushmani mai jo muslims k cultural defence hai hindu k muqable mai hindi mai jaan nahi k wo connectimg language bn ske wo kisi ko samajh nahi ati

[@Playerone1287]

3:45 kya karte ho professor saheb, main aap par vishwas kr rha tha fir aapne ye "gujri" ko gujrat ki language bata diya Delhi ki east aur south me kai sare gujar rehte hai wo ye gujri boli bolte hai Gurjri is basically brij bhasha but accent has huge influence of haryanvi and khadi boli

[@adnansiddiqui7177]

Urdu is derived from Sanskrit, while Hindi formulates much after Urdu.

[@parjanyashukla176]

This is applicable only if you actually even distinguish between the two

[@mehmoodahmed893]

​​​urdu is much more older than hindi there is various languages awadhi khari boli brij bhojpuri but no language exist called hindi before 19th centuary no lierature in hindi is available but urdu literature is available from 15th century so dont compare urdu to hindi app ab bhi urdu bolte hain srf hindi ka naam lga urdu wood ki sari films songs sb urdu mai hote hain srf hindi films ka tag hota hai jbke koi do lafx bhi sasakirit k shamil ho jayien wo hmare sr pe se guzar jati hai

[@parjanyashukla176]

@@mehmoodahmed893 Bhaijaan apna raasta napo. Is fizool behas mein padkar apna samay barbaad na karo!

[@DoloMalo-mw4zl]

​@@parjanyashukla176where did you studied in Khajurao Mandir? There is no word called Hindu written or mentioned in Baghavand Gita Vedas Puranas or any other religious literature, neither it's Sanskrit word, Hind Hindi Hindu Hindustan names were given by Arab Mughal Persian and Turk Islamic conquest, Name Endia given by British Empire in1859 after occupation what is now Pakistan, Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Empire Language was Persian not dead Donkey Sanskrit or so called Hindi

[@parjanyashukla176]

@@DoloMalo-mw4zl Keep living in your fantasy world of hatred and delusion, it doesn't matter!

[@mintusaren895]

Writing alphabet Iranian old

[@Khordmand]

You're a university professor and don't even know the differences between Hindavi, Hindustani and Hindi. Urdu evolved from the khari boli during the Muslim rule, hence huge influence of Arabic and Persian languages over Urdu. Only in the late 19th century the Hindu nationalists started calling it Hindi when they adopted the Devnagri script to replace nastaliq. He is even accepting that today's Hindi is not Hindavi (all the dialects spoken between Punjab and Bengal) or even Hindustani. Hindi is a latter construction. Is he a Punjabi by any chance?

[@AKumar-co7oe]

khari boli was also called hindi even back then and is still spoken in India as a dialect of Hindi. get your head out of madrasa

[@parjanyashukla176]

Every single language of the world went through a transformation period starting somewhere in the 19th century. Before that, there was no regularity in the usage of labels for dialects, nor a consistent script. Hindi and Hindavi are just alternate names. Hindustani is a British creation. Khariboli is a generic name applicable to dialects around and West of Yamuna, actually Hindi/Urdu evolved from Delhi's Khariboli instead of Punjabi or Rajasthani khadibolis.

[@shashlek5751]

​@@AKumar-co7oehindi itself is an Urdu word. 🤦‍♂️

[@AKumar-co7oe]

@@shashlek5751 don't be a moron.

[@AKumar-co7oe]

@@shashlek5751 The word Hindi was being used to describe the language spoken in delhi 500 years before the word 'urdu' was ever used.

[@GopzFonio]

Nopz nopz nopz 😂

[@Playerone1287]

He looks European

[@mintusaren895]

Writing alphabet Iranian old